MXPA99003574A - Device and method for comminution - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for comminuting raw materials like glass, rock, rubber buffings and the like, is disclosed. Raw material is propelled (115) outwardly towards violent impact against a circular wall (125) and then lifted by rapidly rising air for separation (200) and possible return (22) for further propelling (115) outwardly towards impact against the circular wall (125).

Description

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SPRAYING FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the pulverization of rough materials such as wood chips, glass and rocks in fine powder. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Numerous attempts have been made to spray raw material into fine powder. One problem with such attempts is their susceptibility to squeezing and their inability to produce uniform results. Some attempts describe chains and rotating mallets and recirculating materials once pulverized but have their deficiencies. Some attempts, such as the US Patent. # 2092037 and EP-A-140613, do not describe a radial paddle against which the raw material is driven. Another attempt, CH-A-461927, does not describe the forcing of the material upwardly after the initial spraying. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A device is described for spraying raw material comprising: (a) a container with a lower part and a circular inner wall centered around a central axis; (b) a shaped lid for tightly engaging said container at its respective peripheries, whereby said container and said lid define a spray chamber centered around said central axis; (c) input means, located upstream of said spray chamber, for receiving and guiding the raw material to said spray chamber; (d) a first longitudinal pallet rigidly placed downwardly of said lid, extending outwardly from said central axis; (e) drive means; placed inside said spray chamber, for driving the raw material of the entrance means radially towards the impact against said vane and then against said wall of the container; (f) pressurized air flow means for creating an upward flow of air to raise the raw material after impact with said container wall, outside said spray chamber; and (g) outlet means for extracting the raw material thus raised. Also described is a device for spraying the raw material in which the driving means comprises: a plurality of impeller blades for sucking air inwardly towards the central axis; a plurality of mower blades rigidly joined to said plurality of impeller blades; a plurality of stator vanes rigidly attached to the lower part of said container; and rotary means for rotating said plurality of mowing blades on said plurality of stator blades. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a side view, partially separated, of a device incorporating an embodiment of this invention; Figure 2 is a sectional plan view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a sectional side view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a plan view taken along lines 4-4 of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a plan view of the container of the device of Figure 1; Figure 6 is a side view of the separator of the device of Figure 1; Figure 7 is a plan view of the injected air flow observed from line 7-7 of Figure 3; Figure 8 is a sectional view of the flow of injected air and raw materials observed from line 8-8 of Figure 7; Figure 9 is a sectional view of the injected air flow observed from line 9-9 of Figure 7; Figure 10 is a sectional view of the injected air flow observed from line 10-10 of Figure 7; Figure 11 is a sectional view of a device incorporating another embodiment of this invention; Figure 12 is a truncated plan view of the installation of drive and mower blades of the device of Figure 11; Figure 13 is a truncated plan view of the stator pallets of the device of Figure 11; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES A device for spraying raw material will be explained and therefore a method for spraying raw material will be apparent as the operation of the device that is explained. As seen in Figures 1 and 3, the spray device 7 has an inlet conduit 8 for the raw material and an outlet 9 for pulverized crude material. The main body 132 of the device 7 is the combination of the lid installation 131 and the container 130. The conventional pressurized air means or blower 99 is connected to the main body 132 at the inlet 100. The lower part of the lid installation 131 and the container 130 forms the spray chamber 10, where the spray occurs. Downstream of the spray chamber 10 are the outlet 9, the conventional dry air classifier 300 and the outlet gate valve 301 and with the conventional inlet gate valve (not shown) connected to the inlet 8, they maintain the intrinsic air pressure of the system. The blower 99 recycles the air from the dry air classifier 300. The main body 132 has a central axis around which the central axis 116 rotates and around which the separator 200 and the spray chamber 10 are centered. As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the diverting cone 20 is an inverted and open hollow cone and is placed by braces 23, around the central axis, with its apex pointing upwardly. The cone 20 is centrally positioned within the hollow frustoconical cone inverted, creating a separation ring 22 so that the raw material coming from the entrance 8 falls through it. In the lower part of the lid installation 131 is a metal plate to which eight scissor vanes 120 are rigidly placed in a tangential manner and equi-spaced from a central octagonal core centered on the central axis. The vane 120 is positioned approximately 61 ° from the horizontal in a downwardly descending manner in the circular direction of rotation of the chains 115 (as indicated in Figure 4). The vane 120 (seen from the side, as shown in Figure 3) has an inner edge 120A (proximal ring 22) and a lower edge 120B. The container 130 is hinged to one side of the lid assembly 131 and is provided with sealing devices so that when it is raised to meet the lower part of the lid assembly 131 at its respective peripheries and secured by fasteners, an air-tight seal is created for the spray chamber 10. The container 130 can be opened to clean and replace the vanes 120 and the like activities. For economy of illustration, the mechanism of articulation, sealing and fasteners are conventional and are not shown. As best shown in Figure 5, eight bearing plates 125 are positioned circumferentially around the inner periphery of the container 130 to form the inner wall thereof. Each plate 125 is positioned at approximately 45 ° from the horizontal bottom of the container 130. The interior of the container 130 is essentially circular and precisely octagonal and can be made more smoothly circular by conventional means (e.g. using more and smaller support plates ). To avoid corners where the raw material can be accommodated, the plates 125 can be deflected at their sides and top to produce a level surface with respect to each other and the lower part of the container 130 (as shown in Figure 11) . Nine strings of multiple links 115 are conventionally secured at their respective inner ends to the central axis 116 but on the other hand they are loose to rotate rapidly. The chains 115 are conventional chains with thirteen 13 links, each link approximately 2"(5 cm) long, such that the chain 115 is approximately 22" (55 cm) long. The motor 25 rotates the central shaft 116 through the conventional pulley and belt installations. The chains 115 rotate with the peripheral speeds of approximately 500 miles per hour (800 km / hour), to form a rotating circular "curtain of metal to move externally and accelerate the raw materials that fall therein from the ring 22. It has been found that nine chains 115 is a suitable number for a spray chamber 10 sized, where the container 130 is approximately 4"in diameter and 10" (25 cm) high. the larger the number of chains the greater the spraying efficiency, but this is subject to the increased risk of chain entanglement when they rotate Air is injected into device 7 through inlet 100 by blower 99, which can inject air in the order of 10,000 to 15,000 cubic feet per minute (28,000 to 32,000 liters per minute) To minimize the adverse effects of heating in the spraying process (described below), cooled air can be injected into the flow stream or the raw material can be pre-cooled before being introduced into the inlet duct 8; both procedures being carried out by conventional means (not shown). The raw material is dropped into the inlet 8 and slid down to fall centrally through the ring 22 and then externally deflected by the cone 20. The raw materials are then driven externally as follows . The raw materials strike the circular "curtain" formed by the rotating chains 115 and are then centrifugally driven externally with greater acceleration towards the support plates 125 of the container 130. The raw materials jump vertically and violently between the curtain formed by the rotating chains 115 and the lower part of the cap assembly 131 and also collide horizontally violently against the vanes 120 as they move externally towards the support plates 125 of the container 130. The raw materials then collide with violently against the support plates 125 of the container 130 at high speeds. These violent impacts carry out the pulverization of the raw material by fracturing and similar disintegration. The rotating chains 115 do not strike normally in any part of the spray chamber (ie, unless there is a coalition with the raw material that temporarily distorts the orbit of the chains 115). The chains 115 rotate with about 2"(5 cm) clearance from the bottom of the container 130, approximately 1" (2.5 cm) from the vanes 120 and (from the free outer ends of the vanes 120). chains 115) of about 1"(2.5 cm) from the plates 125. Although the chains 115 are shown, similar shapes of stirring elements (such as paddles and discs with perforations and protuberances) are possible, since they are useful when rotate to violently collide the raw material and push it externally.The air flow is shown in Figures 7 to 10, which (with the exception of Figure 8) are simplified by omitting details not directly applicable to the illustration of a certain aspect of the air flow Pressure air enters the spray chamber 10 from the blower 99 through the inlet 100. The air is then channeled into two downflows (150 and 151) and then four flows q They pass in a descending manner through four vertical corners are equally spaced around the container 130. The four air jets are directly equispaced and are approximately tangentially downward to the circular installation of the support plates 125 of the container 130, as shown in FIG. observe in Figure 7. In this way, a "torus" of rapid motion or toroidal pattern of air is created inside. of the container 130 (shown in cross-section in plan in the dotted arrow in Figure 7 and in lateral cross section by the dotted circle in Figure 11). The toroidal flow pattern dissipates approximately as follows. The air partially surrounds the container 130 and then rises to create a rapid movement of an annular column of rapid movement of air along the ascending flow lines 152 that rise along the interior of the side wall of the installation of lid 131, which carries with it the raw materials after impact with the support plates 125 of the container. For ease of illustration and understanding, the downward flow 151 will be described below, but the downward flow 150 will not be done because it is similar to the flow 151 except that it is on the other side of the device. Flow 151 is piped to flow 151 and 151A (as seen in Figures 7, 9 and 10). The materials, after being impacted with said container wall 130, are collected upwardly along the walls of the lid installation 131, along the flow lines 152 above the ring 22 and then redirected in a manner internal and downstream by redirectional rotation 110 to the ring 22 (ie, they are directed back to the spray chamber 10). The bend 110 is the upper one of a torus tube that extends around the periphery of the cap assembly 131 and operates to filter the material as follows. Some of the harder materials descend through the ring 22 to enter the spray chamber 10 again, as represented by the flow lines 153, to participate in another spray cycle. The lighter material (in spite of going down the bend 110) rises towards the separator 200. Some of the material that does not pass through the separator 200 falls (as will be explained below) and joins the heavier material , as indicated by the flow lines 153. Also, the centrifugal effect of the bend 110 in the material serves to move the heavier particles of the lighter particles of the material towards the outside, ie it produces a separation effect between the particles heavier and lighter materials. The closer the inner edge of the bend 110 is to the ring 22 (that is, the more it has to travel down the material before it is able to rise), the finer the filtering effect. As shown in Figure 8, the separator 200 separates the raw material that rises along the flow lines 152 from the periphery of the container 130, which has not been dropped into the ring 22. The raw material of a prescribed or smaller particle size, it moves into the separator 200 and proceeds to the outlet 9. The material whose particle size is larger than said prescribed particle size jumps again from the separator 200 and towards the ring 22, as shown in the flow lines 153. As shown in Figure 6, the separator 200 is of a conventional trommel construction and includes a squirrel cage 205 that is rotated by a variable speed motor 210. The cage 205 it has thirty six, vertical vanes 206 equispaced and separated circumferentially. The paddle 206 is a rectangular palette of 18"x 1" x 1/8"(45 cm x 2.4 cm x 0.3 cm) and each paddle 206 is placed approximately 5 ° of the radial against the direction of rotation. 210, the desired particle size can be obtained.The faster the rotation, the finer output particles will emerge from the separator 200 towards outlet 9. The raw materials include, glass, oyster and shrimp shells, clinker rock of hydraulic cement, quartz rock and wood chips, for example, 1.5"(3-4 cm) diameter hydraulic cement clinker rock has been sprayed into 500 particles crosslinked in two cycles through the spray chamber 10. Quartz rock 1.5"(3-4 cm.) In diameter has been sprayed into 450 particles crosslinked in two cycles: Wood chips of size 1" x 2"x 1/4" (2.5 cm x 5 cm x 0.6 cm) have been sprayed in 40 reticles in one cycle and 85 reticles in two cycles. 3/4"(2 cm) dolomite grains can be processed continuously The majority of the dolomite raw material is extracted as 350 grid dust within the first cycle.The raw materials also include waste materials (including heterogeneous materials found in household or municipal waste), where the sprayed result has less moisture content than the pulverized raw material. The vanes 120 are made of AR steel QT 350. The plates 125 are made of AR steel QT 350. The chain links 115 are made of heavy steel which is not stretched, perhaps steel of hardness 70. Another embodiment of the invention It is shown in the Figures 11 to 13, in which the device of Figure 11 corresponds basically to the device of Figure 8, except that the cone 20 rises relatively and the chains 115 are replaced with another structure (as will be explained below). On the other hand, the other components are identical and for economy of description, they will not be described again. The circular support 350 consists of forty rigid extensions or wings 321 extending radially from the center thereof (shown in truncated form in Figure 13). Rigidly mounted to each wing 321 is a stator paddle in circular shape 320 (two of which are shown in Figure 13). The support 350 is mounted on a platform composed of eight projections or arms 351 that extend radially. A triangular wedge 355 is placed between each flange 351 (a wedge 355 is shown in Figure 13), in order to create a shallow cone, to guide the material falling therein to the periphery of the container 130 where it is located. the toroidal flow of air that circulates (as seen in side view in Figure 11). Twenty thrust blades 320 are rigidly connected to forty mower blades 315, as shown in Figure 12 and the installation of mower-driven blades thereof is rotated by the central shaft 16. The outer peripheral speed of the mower blades 315 (ie, proximate to the wall of the container 130) is approximately 250 mph (400 km per hour). The installation rotates above stationary stator vanes 320 with a small clearance, in the order of 1/32"(0.1 cm) or less.Power vane 310 may be a simple wedge (as shown) in side view in Figure 12, with its apex pointed in the direction of rotation, mounted rigidly on the periphery of the support 350 are the upper circular edge 330 and the lower circular edge 331. The upper edge 330 prevents materials from escaping from the installation of impeller-mower blades when rotating The lower edge 331 forces the materials downwardly to join the toroidal pattern of air within the container 130, in order to obtain a maximum velocity and a subsequent lift of the ascending air column 152. The airflow patterns are similar to those described with the modality of Figures 1-4 and will not be repeated by economy of description.A difference is the result of the s impeller blades 310. Instead of making immediate contact with the container 130, the air flow 151A is sucked internally towards the center of the impeller-mower blades installation by the rotating, impeller blades 310. The material is captured by the flow 151 and flows through the related cutting and disintegrating activity of the mower blades 315 that rotate above the stator blades 320. The raw material is then aspirated upwardly with the air lift column 152. Except for Due to the differences in the components and the air flow described above, the components, the operation, the air flow and the general principles of the modality shown in Figures 1-4, are the same as for this modality and are not repeated by economy of description. It has been found that with this embodiment the raw rubber material in the tire flaking and crumb rubber form can be pulverized into fine powder of less than 300 crosslinked sized particles. The impeller vanes 210 are made of QT 100 steel and can be approximately 12"(30 cm) long. The mower blades 215 are made of QT 360 steel and have a cutting length of approximately 16" (40 cm). The stator vanes 220 can be made of a hard metal, such as nickel-cadmium alloy with Rockwell hardness 65. The stator vanes 220 have similar length dimensions to the mower blades 215. The actual dimensions of the components, the number of vanes, the number of links in the chain, the number of chains, the rotational speeds, the free spaces in the chains within the spray chamber and the similar of the components of the representative examples of the invention, They give up. It will be appreciated that they are given merely for purposes of illustration and are not limited in any way. The specific parameters can be varied since the principles are respected. For example, the desired velocity of pressurized air is a function of the specific gravity of raw material and the rotational velocity of the chains.

For another example, depending on the raw material, the number of pallets and chains can be adjusted to produce optimal results. The above-described device for spraying and its operation in raw materials can be comprised in a spraying method comprising the following steps: (a) driving the raw material externally for violent impact against a pallet extending in a manner radial and then against a wall; (b) raising the raw material after impact by rapidly moving air; (c) separating the raw material between the lighter and heavier particles thereof and directing the heavier particles downward to execute step (a) again and allowing the lighter particles to rise; (d) separating the lighter particles from those of a prescribed or smaller particle size to pass forward and directing those larger than a prescribed particle size to execute step (a) again. Although the principles of the invention have been made clear in the illustrated embodiments, many modifications of the structure, facilities, proportions, elements, materials and components used in the practice of the invention and of the invention will be immediately obvious to those skilled in the art. another way, which are particularly adapted for specific environments and operational requirements without departing from those principles. The claims are therefore intended to cover and understand such modifications within the limits only of the scope and true spirit of the invention.

Claims (12)

1. NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION Having described the present invention, it is considered as a novelty and therefore the property described in the following claims is claimed as property. A device for spraying raw material, comprising: (a) a container with a lower part and a circular inner wall centered around a central axis; (b) a shaped lid for tightly engaging said container at its respective peripheries, whereby said container and said lid define a spray chamber centered around said central axis; (c) inlet means, located upstream of said spray chamber, for receiving and guiding the raw material to said spray chamber; (d) a first longitudinal pallet rigidly placed downwardly of said lid, extending outwardly from said central axis; (e) driving means, placed inside said spray chamber, for driving the raw material of the input means radially towards the impact against said blade and then against said wall of the vessel; (f) pressure air flow means for creating an upward flow of air to raise the raw material after impact with said container wall, outside said spray chamber; and (g) outlet means for extracting the raw material thus raised. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said driving means include: (a) a stirring element; and (b) rotational means, axially positioned along said central axis and to which said agitator means is attached, to rotate said agitator element in a circular manner within said spray chamber immediately under said pallet, to thereby promote externally the raw materials in contact with the same, towards the impact against said pallet and said wall of the container. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that said stirring element includes a chain of multiple links. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said wall of the container comprises a plurality of plates, which are placed circumferentially around the interior of said container and which are inclined externally and ascending obliquely from said lower part of the container. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises a plurality of said pallets placed rigidly and descending from said lid, extending radially from said central axis and placed equispaced, with said first pallet, around said central axis. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a separator placed downstream of said spray chamber, for separating said raw material emerging from said spray chamber, whereby those of a prescribed particle size are guided to said outlet means and those greater than the prescribed particle size are directed back to said spray chamber. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that it further comprises redirection means, placed upstream of said separator, for redirecting said heavier crude material emerging from said spray chamber downwardly back to said spray chamber, while allowing the lightest raw material to rise towards said separator. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises diverter means associated with said inlet means and placed upstream of said spray chamber and said agitator element, for centrally collecting and then guiding the raw materials from said means of entry to said spray chamber and then externally to said container wall. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that said diverting means include a first cone, which is an inverted frusto cone and a second cone, with its apex pointing upwards and centrally within the recess of said first cone, to define a separation ring so that the raw material fall through it to said spray chamber and to guide the raw material externally towards said wall of the container. The device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said pressurized air flow means include a duct placed at the periphery of said spray chamber in a downwardly and tangential manner to said wall of the circular container, so that the pressurized air moves along said lower part of the container in a toroidal-like pattern and then moves upwards from the side walls of said spray chamber as a circular cylinder, air gap and carry with it the same the raw material that has been dropped from said diverting means and that has been driven by said driving means and that has been hit against said pallet and said wall of the container. 11. The device according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said driving means comprise: (e) a plurality of impeller blades for sucking the air internally towards the central axis; (f) a plurality of mower blades rigidly joined to said plurality of impeller blades; (g) a plurality of stator blades rigidly attached to the bottom of said container; (h) rotating means for rotating said plurality of mowing blades on said plurality of stator blades. 12. A method for spraying raw material, comprising the sequential steps of: (a) driving the raw material externally for violent impact against a blade extending radially and then against a wall; (b) raising the raw material after impact by rapidly moving air; (c) separating the raw material between the lighter and heavier particles thereof and directing the heavier particles downward to execute step (a) again and allowing the lighter particles to rise; (d) separating the lighter particles between those of a prescribed particle size or smaller to pass forward and to direct those greater than a prescribed particle size to execute step (a) again.