MXPA06000904A - Block for construction, panel for construction using the block, and method of molding panel for construction - Google Patents

Abstract

A block (10) for construction capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with four outer peripheral surfaces thereof, that are, an upper surface (10a), a lower surface (10b), a left side surface (10c), and a right side surface (10d) brought into contact with each other. In the block (10) for construction, a plurality of through holes (11) for inserting bar-like stretching members therein are formed parallel with the front surface (10f) and the rear surface (10e) thereof, and recessed parts (12) are formed in the upper surface (10a) and lower surface (10b) forming outer peripheral surfaces crossing the axial direction of the through holes (11) to dispose the other stretching members in a direction three-dimensionally crossing the stretching members inserted into the through holes (11). By using the block (10) for construction, the flat structures such as the wall parts and floor parts of a building can be easily constructed in a rather short period, and the durabilities of these flat structures can also be increased.

Description

BLOCK FOR CONSTRUCTION, PASTEL FOR CONSTRUCTION USING THE BLOCK AND METHOD OF FORMATION OF PANEL FOR CONSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION Background and field of the invention The present invention relates to a technique for building a flat surface such as a wall, a floor or a roof of a reinforced concrete construction. When constructing a structure such as a wall, a floor and a roof of a reinforced concrete construction, a construction method that has hitherto been employed is one in which a concrete mold is mounted on a construction site, and they place reinforcement bars in the mold, followed by the casting of the concrete. In the above-mentioned casting method; however, it takes considerable time and labor to assemble a concrete mold, to cast concrete, and to harden and cure the concrete, which makes it difficult to shorten work periods. In addition, these steps require highly specialized expert engineers in each field.

In addition, ample workspace is required to bring a mold and reinforcing bars to a site as well as to assemble parts and cast concrete. Therefore, if a road leading to a construction site is narrow or a site is small, the ability to work extremely low. In view of the above problems, some other techniques to build a structure such as a wall, a fence and a basic foundation have been developed. Specifically, several kinds of concrete blocks that have been manufactured in a plant previously are taken to a construction site, these concrete blocks are placed in vertical and horizontal directions to form a flat body, and the blocks are fixed together with a given connection means, such that a wall or fence is constructed (see patent documents 1 and 2, for example). In the stacked type concrete block described in Patent Document 1, member connecting bolts are inserted into a plurality of tubular members implanted on the upper and lower surfaces of the blocks to connect the blocks together, so that a wall, a basic foundation, or similar are constructed.

In the method of construction of a block wall described in Patent Document 2, a number of concrete blocks are placed in vertical and horizontal directions, the joining surfaces of each of the concrete blocks are joined with an adhesive agent while steel bars are inserted to support the tension force in predetermined positions to hold the blocks. A panel of blocks thus formed is mounted as a wall. Patent Document 1: Japanese publication of Unexamined Utility Model Registration No. Sho 64-7618 (pages 5 to 9) Patent Document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Sho 55-39569 (pages 3 to 8) Detailed description of the invention Problems to be Resolved by the Invention In the stacked type concrete block described in patent document 1, the use of member connection bolts allows the blocks to be stacked properly and safely. However, because the member connecting bolts have to be provided in each joint portion between the blocks abutting in a vertical direction, the work requires a large amount of time and effort. On the other hand, since the member connecting bolts do not pull the blocks to secure them to each other, if a pulling force is loaded in axial directions of the member connecting bolts in the joining portions between the stacked and constructed blocks , the blocks can be separated. Consequently, while this block is preferable to structures in which only compressive force is applied in axial directions of the member connecting bolts, such as a wall, a fence and a basic foundation, it is not convenient for the structure such as a floor of a building where external force can be loaded in a direction of deviation. On the other hand, the construction method of a block wall described in Patent Document 2, the assembly surfaces of a number of blocks placed in vertical and horizontal directions are joined with an adhesive agent while steel bars are inserted to support the Tension force to hold the blocks, so that a panel of blocks is formed. In this case, the strength of the connecting blocks is small because the places in which the steel bars for loading tension force are inserted are assembly portions of adjacent blocks. In addition, since the joining surfaces of these blocks are joined with an adhesive agent, the blocks have poor durability because the assembled portions of the blocks sometimes break or cause a perforation between them due to deterioration or contraction of the adhesive with the passage of time after construction. A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a technique for building a flat structure such as a wall or a floor of a building in a relatively short time and an easy way while improving the durability of the planar structure.

Means for Problem Solving A building block according to the present invention is a building block capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with their outer peripheral surfaces brought into contact with each other, the building block comprises a plurality of through holes formed for inserting linear or bar-like stretch members, and hollow pieces formed on external peripheral surfaces crossing an axial direction of the through-holes to arrange, in a three-dimensional direction crossing an axial direction of the stretching members, other stretched members. In the aforementioned structure, the plurality of the building blocks are arranged in a flat state to have contact with each other on their outer peripheral surfaces so that the plurality of the through holes communicate with each other while inserting the stretching members into the plurality of the through holes and the stretching members are arranged in the recessed pieces. By generating tensile force in these stretching members, the building blocks are joined by pressure to form a flat structure. Accordingly, by mounting the above-mentioned flat structure like a wall, a floor or a ceiling when a building is constructed, the flat structure such as the wall or the floor can be easily constructed in a relatively short time. In addition, adjacent blocks for construction are pressed together by the stretching members only, which does not cause deterioration of an adhesive agent, leading to excellent durability. Here, the plurality of through holes can preferably be provided in parallel with each other with intervals between them in a direction through the thickness of a body of the block or in a direction perpendicular thereto. With this arrangement, the body of the block can be firmly secured with the stretching members inserted in these through holes, and thus the force after the construction of the flat structure is further increased. As another arrangement, if a plurality of cavities that open in more than one location on the outer peripheral surfaces is provided, the body weight of the block itself can be decreased, and the heat insulation is also improved. On the other hand, after arranging the bodies of the plurality of blocks for construction to form the planar structure, the cavities may communicate with each other in a direction along the surfaces, such that the weight of the planar structure decreases and improves its heat insulation. Then, a panel for construction according to the present invention is a panel for construction formed by arranging the plurality of the building blocks described above in a flat state with their outer peripheral surfaces brought into contact with each other with the plurality of through holes communicated , inserting the stretching members into the plurality of through holes while arranging the stretching members on the hollowed pieces, and building blocks are joined by pressure generating tension force on the stretching members. By the above structure, a flat structure such as a wall or a floor of a building can be easily constructed in a relatively short time. No adhesive agent is used, and the durability of the flat structure is also improved as well. Preferably, the reaction force members for generating tension force in the above-described drawing member can be attached to the outer peripheral surfaces of the building blocks, which are located in the peripheral portions of the construction panel. Reaction force members thus bonded can appropriately generate tensile force in the stretching members, which further enhances strength and durability. In this case, if the reaction force members are joined to cover entire peripheral portions as a frame, the stiffness is increased while the reaction force of the tension force generated in the stretching members can be dispersed over all the peripheral portions. Therefore, the generation of cracks caused by the concentration of tension can be avoided. In this case, preferably, a gap filling agent can intervene between the adjacent building blocks to disperse the reaction force. For this structure, in the construction panel, small gaps formed by the poor manufacturing precision of the blocks that exist between the adjacent building blocks are filled with the gap filling agent. Thus, the compression stress generated between the building blocks due to the pressure exerted on the building blocks by the tensile force of the stretching members is uniformly dispersed by the gap filling agent that exists between the adjacent blocks for construction. and it is transmitted over all adjacent building blocks. Therefore, the generation of cracks or breaks in the building blocks due to the concentration of the compression stress can be avoided.

In this case, the hollow filling agent described above that will be employed may be a curable paste or a material deformable by the pressure of the building blocks attached. Here, the curable paste refers to a substance that is a paste at the beginning of use and, after the evaporation of water or a solvent, or by chemical reaction such as a hardening reaction, has a property of hardening to the degree of not breaking. by the pressure of the blocks for building together. The deformable material by the pressure of the joined blocks means that at least a part of the material is deformable to fill the gap between the blocks along the shape of the gap when the material is clamped between the blocks for construction. The filling agents of holes having the characteristics described above are filtered or cause deformation between adjacent building blocks by the pressure exerted on the building blocks by the tensile force of the stretching members, and fill the gap that exists between the blocks for construction. Thus, most of the small gaps between building blocks can be eliminated. Accordingly, the compression stress generated between the blocks for construction is dispersed and transmitted uniformly through the hole filling agent, in such a way that the generation of cracks or ruptures due to the concentration of tension is avoided. The above-mentioned filling agents intervene between adjacent building blocks by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state. In the case of curable paste, preferably, when the paste hardens to the state in which the paste itself can transmit the compression stress, the building blocks are pressurized and joined to fill the gaps between the building blocks. While the material deformable by the pressure of the attached blocks, a paper material (cardboard, for example), a metallic material (a steel sheet, for example) or the like can be used. If a cement paste or liquid crystal is used as the curable paste, the small gaps that exist between the adjacent building blocks can be filled without any inequality and leakage, which leads to an excellent stress dispersion function. Similar to the above, it is preferable that the building blocks are joined with pressure at the point that the cement paste or the liquid crystal hardens to the state in which it can transmit the compression tension. Meanwhile, as the reaction force member described above, preferably, a block body having a solid structure can be used in a region near the peripheral portion of the construction panel. Here, the solid structure refers to a structure that has no through hole or cavity except an opening for inserting a bolt. By this structure, it is possible to prevent the reaction force member from breaking or damaging due to the pulling force loaded on the reaction force member (the block body) to generate tension force on the stretching members. Next, a method for forming a structure panel according to the present invention is a method comprising steps of arranging the plurality of building blocks described above adjacently to each other in a flat state with a gap filling agent to disperse the stress intervening between the outer peripheral surfaces of the building blocks and with the plurality of through holes described above communicating with each other, inserting stretch members into the plurality of through holes while drawing members are arranged in the recessed parts described above, and loading tension force on the drawing members to join the building blocks with pressure. By the above structure, a construction panel suitable for a flat structure such as a wall or floor of a building can easily be formed in a relatively short time. In addition, the intervention of the filling agent eliminates the generation of cracks or rupture due to the concentration of tension, thereby also improving the strength and durability.

Advantage of the Invention (1) In a building block capable of constructing a planar structure by arranging a plurality of blocks with their outer peripheral surfaces brought into contact with each other, a plurality of through holes are provided for inserting linear stretch members or as bar and hollow pieces formed on the outer peripheral surfaces crossing the axial direction of the through holes to arrange, in a three-dimensional direction crossing the drawing members, other stretching members. Therefore, by simply arranging these blocks for structure in a flat state and connecting them, a flat structure such as a wall or a floor of a building can be built in a relatively short time and in an easy manner while enhancing the durability of the flat structure. (2) A plurality of through holes are provided in parallel with each other with intervals between these in a direction towards the thickness of a block body or a vertical direction thereto. As this allows the block body to be firmly secured with the stretching members inserted in these through holes, the force after the construction of the flat structure is further increased. (3) The cavities that open in more than one place provided on the outer peripheral surfaces described above can decrease the weight of the block body itself and provide heat insulation. In addition, by arranging the plurality of blocks for structure to form a planar structure, these cavities may communicate with each other in a direction along the surfaces in order to decrease the weight of the planar structure while improving their heat insulation. (4) A panel for construction is formed by arranging the building blocks as described above in (1) to (3) in a planar state with their outer peripheral surfaces brought into contact with each other and with it. plurality of through holes that are communicated, inserting the stretching members into the plurality of through holes while arranging the stretching members on the recessed pieces, and building blocks are joined by pressure generating tension force on these stretching members . By this structure, a flat structure such as a wall or a floor of a building can be easily constructed in a relatively short time. No adhesive agent is used, and thus the durability of the flat structure is also improved. (5) By joining the reaction force members to generate tension force in the above stretching members to the outer peripheral surfaces of the building blocks, which are located in peripheral portions, strength and durability can be further improved. (6) With a gap filling agent intervening between the adjacent building blocks to disperse the reaction force, the gaps between the adjacent building blocks are filled with the gap filling agent, and the compression stress generated between the blocks for construction it is dispersed and transmitted uniformly over the adjacent building blocks. Therefore, the generation of cracks or breaks in the blocks for __construction due to the compression stress concentration can be avoided. (7) As the above-mentioned filling agent, if a curable paste is used, or a metallic or paper material that is deformable by the pressure of the building blocks attached, most of the small gaps between the blocks for construction they can be eliminated, in such a way that the generation of cracks or ruptures due to the concentration of tension is avoided. (8) Using a cement paste or liquid crystal as the curable paste, the small gaps that exist between the building blocks can be filled in a relatively easy operation without causing any inequality. Consequently, the generation of cracks or ruptures due to the concentration of tension can be eliminated. (9) As the reaction force member described above, if a block body having a solid structure is used in a region near the peripheral portion of the construction panel, it is possible to prevent rupture or damage of the force member of reaction due to the pulling force loaded on the reaction force member to generate tension force on the stretching members. (10) The method of the present invention includes steps of arranging the plurality of blocks for construction described in (1) to (3) in a flat state adjacent to each other with a gap filling agent to disperse the intervening tension between the outer peripheral surfaces of the building blocks and with the plurality of through holes described above communicating with each other, inserting stretch members into the plurality of through holes while drawing members are arranged in the recessed parts described above, and load tensile force on the stretching members to join the building blocks by pressure. By this method, it is possible to form a panel for construction with high strength and durability suitable for a flat structure such as a wall or a floor of a building easily in a relatively short time.

Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a block for construction of a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 (a) is a plan view of the building block in Fig. 1; (b) is a front view of the same block; and (c) is a side view of the same block. Fig. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a block for construction of a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 (a) is a plan view of the block for construction in Fig. 3; (b) is a front view of the same block; and (c) is a side view of the same block. Fig. 5 (a) is a perspective view of a building panel formed with the building block in Fig. 1; and (b) is a perspective view illustrating an array of draw members in the construction panel.

Fig. 6 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a portion of the corner of the panel for construction in Fig. 5 (a). Fig. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a state where the tension force is loaded on the stretching members of the panel for construction in Fig. 5. Fig. 8 (a) is a perspective view illustrating a panel for construction formed with the building block in Figs. 1 and 2; and (b) is a perspective view illustrating an array of draw members in this construction panel. Fig. 9 is a partially omitted perspective view illustrating a state where a wall and a floor of a building are constructed by the panel for construction in Fig. 5 (a) and Fig. 8 (a). Fig. 10 is a perspective view illustrating a fence constructed by combining construction panels formed with the building block in Fig. 1. Fig. 11 is a plan view illustrating a block for the construction of a third embodiment of the present invention. . Fig. 12 is a side view of the building block in Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a plan view illustrating a block for construction of a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 14 is a side view of the building block in Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a plan view of an auxiliary block that is used in combination with the building block in Figs. 11 and 13. Fig. 16 is a side view of the auxiliary block in Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is a perspective view illustrating a construction panel formed with the building block in Figs. 11 and 13. Fig. 18 is a partially cut away perspective view of the panel for construction in Fig. 17. Fig. 19 (a) is a partially enlarged perspective view of the panel for construction in Fig. 17; and (b) is a partially enlarged view of (a). Fig. 20 (a) is a sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 17; and (b) is a sectional view taken along line B-B of Fig. 17.

Explanation of Reference Numbers 10, 20, 70, 80: construction block 10a, 20a, 70a, 80a: upper surface 10b, 20b, 70b, 80b: lower surface 10c, 20c, 70c, 80c: left side surface lOd, 20d, 70d, 80d: right side surface lOe, 20e, 70e, 80e: back surface lOf, 20f, 70f, 80f: front surface lOw, 20w, 70w, 80w, 0w: dimension in the direction of length 10t < > 20t: direction towards thickness 11, 21, 33, 71, 81, 91: through hole 12, 22, 72, 82, 92: recessed part 13, 23, 73, 83: cavity 14, 24, 74, 84: groove 30, 30X, 30Y, 31: stretching member 32: reaction force member 30a, 31 a: external threaded part 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e: support plate 35, 37: nut 36: spring washer 40 , 41, 42, 50, 100: panel for construction 43: fence 60, 61: beam 90, 9Oh: auxiliary block 93: recessed part C: roof F: floor SP: cement paste: wall Detailed Description of the Invention With reference to Figs. 1 to 10, a construction block and a panel for construction according to the first and second embodiments of the present invention are explained below. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a block for construction 10 of the first embodiment of the present invention is, as described above, a block capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with its four outer peripheral surfaces, which are , a top surface 10a, a bottom surface 10b, a left side surface 10c and a right side surface 10D brought into contact with each other. In the building block 10, a plurality of through holes 11 for inserting rod-like drawing members, as further described, are formed in parallel with a front surface 10F and a rear surface lie, and the recessed portions 12 are formed in the upper surface 10a and the lower surface 10b forming external peripheral surfaces crossing an axial direction of the through holes 11 for arranging, in a three-dimensional direction crossing the drawing members inserted in the through holes 11, other stretching members. The building block 10 is further formed with five cavities 13 that open on the upper surface 10a and the lower surface 10b so as to penetrate the building block 10. On each of the left side surface 10c and the right side surface lOd , a groove 14 is formed in the same direction of the arrangement direction of the cavities 13. A building block 20 illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 is, similar to the block for construction 10, a block capable of constructing a planar structure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with its four outer peripheral surfaces, which are, an upper surface 20a, a lower surface 20b, a left lateral surface 20c and a right lateral surface 20d brought into contact with each other. In the building block 20, a plurality of through holes 21 for inserting stretch members are formed in parallel with a front surface 20f and a back surface 20e, and recessed portions 22 are formed in the upper surface 20a and the lower surface 20b forming external peripheral surfaces crossing an axial direction of the through holes 21 for arranging, in a three-dimensional direction crossing the drawing members inserted in the through holes 21, other stretching members. The building block 20 is also formed with two cavities 23 that open on the upper surface 20a and the lower surface 20b so as to penetrate the building block 20. On each of the left side surface 20c and the right side surface 20d , a groove 24 is formed in the same direction of the arrangement direction of the cavities 23. As described above, the only difference between the construction block 10 and the construction block 20 is the dimension in a length direction. The dimensions and structures of the remaining pieces are the same. That is, only one dimension in the direction of the length lOw of the block for construction is twice a dimension in one direction of the length 20w of the building block 20, and other characteristics are the same. As shown in Fig. 5 (a), the plurality of blocks for construction 10 are arranged in a flat state so that their outer peripheral surfaces are brought into contact with each other and that the plurality of through holes 11 communicate linearly with each other in the axial direction. As shown in Fig. 5 (b), stretching members 30 are inserted into the plurality of through holes 11 communicating with each other, stretching members 31 are disposed in the recessed portions 12. Afterwards, the members of reaction force 32 are joined along the outer peripheral surfaces of the building blocks 10 located at an outer outer periphery. As shown in Fig. 6, the support plates 34a, 34b and 34c are mounted on the threaded outer parts 30a and 31a of the stretching members 30 and 31 which are protruding in the through holes 33 of the force members of reaction 32, the spring washers 36 are joined, and the nuts 35 are screwed onto them.

Then, by holding the nuts 35 to generate tension force on the stretching members 30 and 31, the building blocks 10 are firmly joined together and, as shown in Fig. 5, a construction panel 40 which is a structure Flat is formed. In this case, in the portions where the reaction force members 32 abut each other, it is preferable to use the support plates 34a and 34c which are long enough to lock over the portions so that the adjacent reaction force members can be connected firmly with each other. Like the stretching members 30 and 31, if the deformed reinforcing bars provided with external thread at their outer peripheries are used, the nuts 35 can be screwed without the formation of the threaded outer parts 30a and 31a. Further, if the stretch members 30 and 31 are covered with a corrosion resistant material such as a resin tube, the corrosion resistance is enhanced to prevent the development of mold due to the infiltrating moisture of joints between the blocks. for construction 10. In addition, the spring washers 36 intervening between the support plates 34a, 34b and 34c and the nuts 35 can prevent deterioration of the tension force caused by the contraction of the building block 10 or extension of the members 30 and 31. In a construction panel 40, the stretching members 30 and the stretching members 31 are arranged perpendicularly crossing each other longitudinally and transversely. While the stretching members 31 are disposed one by one in each of the spaces formed by the adjacent recessed portions 12, the stretching members 30 are arranged two to two so as to be arranged in a direction towards the thickness of the panel. Thus, the numbers of the drawn stretching members are various longitudinally and transversely. Accordingly, by clamping the nuts 35 for loading tension force on the stretching members 30 and 31, the tension force is differentiated to equalize the force in a direction of deflection of the construction panel 40. Specifically, as shown in FIG. Fig. 7 (a), when 10 tons of tension force are loaded on the stretching members 31 in the direction of arrows, it is preferable that, in two stretching members 30X and 30Y shown in Fig. 7 (b), 10 tons of tension force are loaded in the direction of arrows in the stretching member 30X located on an upper side, while 5 tons of tensile force are loaded in the direction of arrows in the stretching member 30Y located on one side lower. By loading tension force in this way, the difference between the strength of the construction panel 40 in the direction of the stretching members 31 and the force in the direction of the stretching members 30X and 30Y can be considerably lowered, thereby equalizing the strength of the construction panel 40 in the direction of deflection. In the construction panel 40, the building blocks 10 are arranged in a grid pattern. However, as shown in Fig. 8, it is possible to arrange the plurality of blocks for construction 10 in a zigzag pattern to form a panel for construction 50. In this case, the building blocks 20 shown in Fig. 3 they are arranged in peripheral portions to form a straight extreme periphery. Stretching members 30 and 31 and reaction force members 32 are mounted in a manner similar to construction panel 40. When constructing a building, as shown in Fig. 9, construction panels 40 and 50 formed as above, they are assembled as a wall W, a floor F and a roof C, thereby easily constructing these flat structures in a relatively short time. In this case, providing the beams 60 and 61 in a connecting portion between the wall W and the floor F and in a connecting portion between the wall W and the roof C for receiving the peripheral portions of the construction panels 40, these connecting portions can be easily constructed while the resistance is enhanced. In the construction panels 40 and 50, the building blocks 10 and 20 are joined only by the stretching members 30 and 31 without using any adhesive agent. Therefore, deterioration of an adhesive agent is not caused after construction, leading to excellent durability. As shown in Figs. 1 to 4, the plurality of through holes 11 and 21 in the building blocks 10 and 20 are provided in parallel with each other with intervals between them in directions towards the thickness lOt and 20t of the blocks 10 and 20 or in the dimensions in a direction lOw and 20w that are perpendicular to the directions towards thickness 101 and 20t. Accordingly, the stretching members 30 inserted in these through holes 11"and 21 can safely hold the blocks 10 and 20 to build the panels 40 and 50 with high strength, on the other hand, as the blocks for construction 10 and 20 have the cavities 13 and 23 that open on the upper and lower surfaces, respectively, when arranging the building blocks 10 and 20 to form the construction panels 40 and 50, these cavities 13 and 23 communicate with each other in one direction Thus, the weight of the construction panels 40 and 50 can be decreased while providing good heat insulation.In the construction panels 40 and 50, the reaction force members 32 are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the panels. building blocks 10 and 20 located in the peripheral portions of the panels to generate tension force in the stretching members 30 and 31. Therefore, it is po It is possible to generate the appropriate tension force on the stretching members 30 and 31 to provide excellent strength and durability. On the other hand, as the reaction force members 32 are joined together so as to cover entire peripheral portions as a frame, the stiffness is increased while the force of the reaction of the tension force generated on the stretching members 30 and 31 it can be dispersed over all the peripheral portions. Therefore, the generation of cracks caused by the concentration of tension can be avoided. The length / width ratios and the dimensions of the construction panels 40 and 50 can be optionally set by changing the number of building blocks 10 and 20 that are arranged longitudinally and transversely or the total number of the blocks, allowing wide use as several kinds of flat structures that build a building. In addition, as shown in Fig. 10, construction panels 41 and 42 having various shapes (longitudinally / transversely) or dimensions formed by the plurality of building blocks 10 can be combined to form a planar structure such as a near 43. After, with reference to Figs. 11 to 20, a block for construction and a panel for construction using the block according to the third and fourth embodiments of the present invention are explained. As shown in Figs. 11 and 12, a building block 70 of the first embodiment is a block capable of constructing a planar structure (a panel for construction) described below arranging the plurality of blocks in a planar state with its four outer peripheral surfaces, which are, one upper surface 70a, a lower surface 70b, a left side surface 70c and a right side surface 70d brought into contact with each other. In the building block 70, a plurality of through holes 71 for inserting rod-like drawing members, as described further, are formed in parallel to a front surface 70f and a back surface 70e, and hollow portions 72 are formed in the upper surface 70a forming an outer peripheral surface crossing an axial direction of the through holes 71 for arranging, in a three-dimensional direction crossing the drawing members inserted in the through holes 71, other stretching members. The building block 70 is further formed with five cavities 73 that open on the upper surface 70a and the lower surface 70b so as to penetrate the building block 70. On each of the left side surface 70c and the right side surface 70d , a groove 74 is formed in the same direction of the arrangement direction of the cavities 73. A building block 80 illustrated in Figs. 13 and 14 is used in combination with the building block 70 and is a block capable of constructing a planar structure by arranging the plurality of blocks 80 in a planar state with its three outer peripheral surfaces, which are, an upper surface 80a, a surface bottom 80b and a left side surface 80c brought into contact with the building block 70. In the building block 80, a plurality of through holes 81 for inserting stretch members are formed in parallel to a front surface 80f and a rear surface 80e , and recessed portions 82 are formed in the upper surface 80a by forming an outer peripheral surface that crosses an axial direction of the through holes 81 to arrange, in a three-dimensional direction that intersects the stretching members inserted in the through holes 81, other members of stretched. The building block 80 is further formed with a plurality of cavities 83 that open on the upper surface 80a and the lower surface 80b so as to penetrate the building block 80. On the left side surface 80c which is a side surface of the block for construction 80, a groove 84 is formed in the same direction of the arrangement direction of the cavities 83. In the construction block 70 and the construction block 80, the dimensions 70w and 80w in length directions are equal, and the Numbers and positions of the through holes 73 and 83 are equal. However, the numbers of the cavities 73 and 83 and the grooves 74 and 84 are different. Specifically, in the building block 70, the five cavities 73 are arranged symmetrically and the groove 74 is formed in both the left side surface 70c and the right side surface 70d while, in the building block 80, the three cavities 83 are disposed between a center and the left side surface 80c and the groove 84 is formed only on the left side surface 80c. An auxiliary block 90 illustrated in Figs. 15 and 16 must be combined with building blocks 70 and 80 to form a panel for construction explained below. The auxiliary block 90 has the same external dimension as those of the building blocks 70 and 80 shown in Fig. 11, and is a block body having a rectangular parallelepiped shape with flat outer peripheral surfaces, provided with a plurality of through holes 91 having the same sizes at the positions corresponding to the positions where the plurality of through holes 71 and 81 are provided in the building blocks 70 and 80. As shown in Fig. 17 , the plurality of blocks for construction 70 are arranged in a flat state with their outer peripheral surfaces brought into contact with each other and with the plurality of through holes 71 that communicate linearly with each other in an axial direction. Then, as shown in Fig. 20 (a), the stretching members 3 are inserted into the plurality of through holes 11 communicating with each other and, as shown in Fig. 20 (b), the stretching members. 31 are arranged in a recessed portion 82. In this case, at both distal ends of the stretching members 30, the auxiliary block 90 shown in Fig. 15 is disposed and, in the near positions of both distal ends of the limb members. stretched 31, an auxiliary block 90h is arranged (see Fig. 18). The auxiliary block 9Oh has a dimension in a direction 90 of length which is half that of the building block 80 and the auxiliary block 90 shown in Fig. 13 and has a recessed portion 93. As shown in Fig. 20 (b), the building block 80 is arranged with the coatings of the groove 84 towards a center of the stretching member 30 in an axial direction, exposing the right side surface 80d where the groove 84 is not formed. By arranging the building blocks 70 and 80 and the auxiliary block 90, as shown in Fig. 19 (a), a cement paste SP which is a gap filling agent for dispersing the tension is provided to intervene between the adjacent blocks. SP cement paste is a curable paste material. The one used in the current mode is formed by mixing Portland cement of initial strength and water in the ratio of about 2.6: 1.0. In Fig. 19 (a), the cement paste SP is emphatically illustrated as a conventional "splice"; however, the actual thickness of the cement paste SP is not more than 1mm and, preferably, about 0.1 to 0.2mm. Then, as shown in Fig. 20 (a), the support plates 3 d are mounted on the threaded outer parts 30a of the stretching members 30, which protrude from the through holes 91 of the located structural blocks 90. on the outer periphery, followed by mounting the spring washers (not shown) and screwing the nuts 37. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 20 (b), the support plates 34e are mounted on the external threads 31a the stretching members 31, which protrude from the recessed portions 82 of the structure blocks 80 located on the outer periphery, followed by mounting the spring washers (not shown) and screwing the nuts 37. When the cement paste SP is cured to be strong enough to transmit the compression stress, each of the nuts 37 is tightened to generate tension force on the stretching members 30 and 31. Thus, as shown in Fig. 19 (b), the gaps between the blocks is filled with the cement paste SP, and the block for structure 70 and 80 and the auxiliary block 90 are firmly joined together with pressure, so that they form a panel for construction 100 as a flat structure as shown in FIG. Fig. 17. In this case, in the outer peripheral portions of the construction panel 100, arranged are the blocks for structure 80 and the auxiliary blocks 90 and 9Oh which do not have unequal surfaces, cavities and through holes except holes for bolts in their exposed portions. Therefore, the blocks can be firmly joined together with pressure and are free from damage caused by the tension charged by the stretching members 30 and 31 via the support plates 34d and 34e. Like the stretching members 30 and 31, if the deformed reinforcing bars provided with external threads are used at their outer peripheries, the nuts 37 can be screwed without forming the threaded outer portions 30a and 31a. In addition, if the stretch members 30 and 31 are covered with a corrosion resistant material such as a resin tube, the corrosion resistance is enhanced to prevent the development of mold due to the moisture infiltrating the joints between them. blocks. In addition, the spring washers (not shown) intervening between the support plates 34d and 34e and the nuts 37 can prevent deterioration of the tension force caused by contraction of the block or extension of the stretching members 30 and 31. In the panel for construction 100, the blocks 90, 9Oh and 80, as the reaction members for generating tension force in the stretching members 30 and 31, are disposed in the peripheral portions of the construction panel 100. Accordingly, the tension force can be appropriately generated in the Stretching members 30 and 31, which leads to excellent strength and durability. Further, since the blocks 90, 9Oh and 80 as the reaction force members are arranged as well as to cover entire peripheral portions, the reaction force of the tension force generated in the stretching members 30 and 31 can be dispersed over all the peripheral portions. Therefore, the generation of cracks due to the concentration of tension can be avoided. As shown in Fig. 19 (b), in the construction panel 100, the cement paste SP which is a gap filling agent for dispersing reaction force intervenes between the adjacent building blocks 70 and 80 and the auxiliary blocks 90 and 9Oh so that the gaps between the adjacent blocks are filled with the cement paste SP. By this structure, the compression stress generated between the blocks is dispersed and transmitted uniformly through the adjacent blocks. Therefore, the generation of cracks or breaks in the building blocks 70 and 80 and the auxiliary blocks 90 and 9Oh due to the compression stress concentration can be avoided. In the aforementioned structure, the cement paste SP is used as a hole filling agent. As a result, in the construction panel 100, most of the small gaps between the adjacent building blocks 70 and 80 and the auxiliary blocks 90 and 9Oh can be eliminated, and the compression tension dispersed and transmitted uniformly, such mode the generation of cracks or ruptures due to the concentration of tension is avoided. Other hole filling agents for dispersing stress than the cement paste SP can be a paper material, liquid crystal, or a metallic material which is deformable by the pressure of the joined blocks exerted by the tension force generated in the members of stretched 30 and 31 (a ferrous material such as a steel sheet, for example). Meanwhile, the building block 80 and the auxiliary blocks 90 and 9Oh which are block bodies having a solid structure are used in regions near the peripheral portions of the construction panel 100. Therefore, the force loaded in these blocks 80, 90 and 9Oh as the reaction force members for generating tension force on the stretching members 30 and 31 does not break or damage blocks 80, 90 and 9Oh. On the other hand, with the presence of the stretching members 30 and 31, the construction panel 100 can be deformed elastically in a direction of deflection. The ratio of the length / width and the dimension of the panel for construction 100 can be optionally set by changing the number of the building blocks 70 and 80 and the auxiliary blocks 90 and 90h which are arranged longitudinally and transversely or the total number of the blocks . Accordingly, the panel for construction 100 can be used widely as various kinds of flat structures that build a building.

Industrial Application The building block and the building panel according to the present invention can be used extensively as materials to form a flat structure such as a wall, a floor, a roof or a building fence.

Claims (8)

1. CLAIMS 1. A building block capable of building a flat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with their outer peripheral surfaces brought into contact with each other, the building block characterized in that it comprises: a plurality of through holes formed to insert members linear or as bar, and hollow pieces formed on the outer peripheral surfaces crossing an axial direction of the through holes to arrange, in a three-dimensional direction crossing an axial direction of the stretching members, other stretching members. The building block according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of through holes are provided in parallel with each other with intervals between them in a direction towards the thickness of a building block body or in a direction perpendicular to this . 3. The building block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of cavities are provided that open in more than one location on the outer peripheral surfaces. 4. A building panel formed by arranging the plurality of blocks for construction according to any of claims 1 to 3 in a flat condition with their outer peripheral surfaces brought into contact with each other with the plurality of through holes being communicated, inserting the stretching members in the plurality of through holes while the stretching members are arranged in the recessed parts, and the building blocks are joined with pressure generating tensile force in the stretching members. The construction panel according to claim 4, wherein a gap filling agent for dispersing reaction force intervenes between building blocks that are adjacent to each other. The construction panel according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the reaction force members for generating tension force in the stretching member are attached to the outer peripheral surfaces of the building blocks, the outer peripheral surfaces they are located in peripheral portions of the panel for construction. 7. The construction panel according to claim 6, wherein a block body having a solid structure is used as a reaction force member in a region near a peripheral portion of the construction panel. The construction panel according to claim 5, wherein the gap filling agent is a curable paste or a pressure deformable material for bonding the building blocks. . The construction panel according to claim 8, wherein the paste is a cement paste or liquid crystal. A method for forming a panel for structure comprising the steps of: arranging the plurality of blocks for construction according to any of claims 1 to 3, to be adjacent to each other in a flat state with a gap filling agent to disperse the intervening tension between the outer peripheral surfaces of the building blocks and with the plurality of through holes communicating with each other, inserting stretch members into the plurality of through holes while the stretching members are arranged in the recessed pieces , and load tensile force on the stretching members to join the building blocks with pressure.