MXPA05005395A - Soft handoff of a cdma reverse link. - Google Patents

Abstract

Method and apparatus for base stations (218) and subscriber units (213) allows soft handoff of a CDMA reverse link utilizing an orthogonal channel structure. Subscriber units transmit an orthogonally coded signal over a reverse link to the base stations. A given base station provides timing control (510) of the timing offset of the reverse link signal. Based on at least one criterion, an alignment controller (515) determines that the given base station should hand off timing control to another base station, and a soft handoff process ensues. In response to a command or message for soft handoff of the subscriber unit from the given base station to another base station, the subscriber unit makes a coarse timing adjustment to the timing of the coded signal. The subscriber unit may make fine timing adjustments based on feedback from the base station controlling timing. Multiple base stations may provide power control feedback to the subscriber unit.

Description

IMPERCEPTIBLE TRANSFER OF AN INVERSE CDMA LINK BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the last twenty years there has been an unprecedented growth in both the type and the demand for wireless communication services. Wireless voice communication services, which include the cell phone, personal communication services (PCS) and similar systems now provide almost ubiquitous coverage. The infrastructure for such networks has been built to the point where most of the People in the United States, Europe and other industrialized regions of the world have not only one, but multiple service providers to choose from. · | * · | - | · The continuous growth of the electronic and computer industries increasingly contributes to the demand for access to the Internet and the myriad of services and features that it provides. This proliferation in the use of computer equipment, especially the portable variety, which includes laptops (laptop), manual digital personal assistants (PDA), cell phones enabled with Internet and similar devices, has resulted in a corresponding increase in the need access wireless data. Although cell phones and PCS networks have been widely distributed, these systems have not originally been designed to carry data traffic, instead, these networks are designed to efficiently support continuous analog signals compared to digital communication protocols. download mode required for Internet communications Also consider that voice communication is adequate with a communication channel bandwidth of approximately 3 kilohertz (Hz), however, it is generally accepted that for effective Internet communication, such as navigating the network, a data rate of at least 56 kilobits per second (kbps) is required, and the nature of the data traffic itself is different from the nature of the voice communication. continuous duplex connection, that is, the user at one end of the connection expects to be able to transmit and receive with the user at the other end of a connection continuously, and at the same time the user at the other end is also capable of transmitting and receiving. However, access to web pages on the Internet in general is oriented by downloads. Typically, the user of a remote client computer specifies the address of the computer files such as those found on the network server. This request is then formatted as a relatively short data message, typically of a length less than 1000 octets. The other end of the connection, for example a network server in the network, responds with a requested data file that can have from 10 kilobytes to several megabytes of text, image, audio or video data. Due to the delays inherent in the Internet itself, users often expect delays of at least several seconds or more before the requested content begins to be delivered to them. Subsequently, once the content has been supplied, the user must allow several seconds or even minutes to review, reading the content of the page before specifying that the next page be downloaded; In addition, voice networks are built to support use with high mobility; that is, extreme measures are taken to support road-speed type mobility to maintain connections as users of voice-based cellular networks and PCS travel at high speeds along a highway. However, the typical user of a laptop computer is relatively stationary, for example sitting at a desk. In this way, the mobility of High cell-to-cell speed considered critical for wireless voice networks is typically not required to support data access.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It makes sense to feed back certain components of the existing wireless infrastructure so that they adapt more efficiently to wireless data. The additional functionality implemented for a new class of users who are users with high data speed but with little mobility, must be compatible again with the existing functionality for users who have high mobility but a low data rate. This can make it possible to use the same frequency allocation plans, base station antenna, built-in sites and other aspects of the existing voice network infrastructure so that it can be used to provide a new high-speed data service. it is particularly important to support a data rate as high as possible in the reverse link in such a way as to transport data over the reverse link, eg, from the remote unit to the base station, Consider existing digital cellular standards such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) IS-95 specifies the use of sequences of different codes in a direct link address in order to maintain minimum interference between channels. Specifically, such a system uses orthogonal codes in the direct link, which define the individual logical channels. However, the optimal functioning of such a system requires that all the codes are aligned in time with a specific limit to maintain the orthogonality in the receiver. Therefore, the transmissions must be synchronized. It is not a particular concern in a direct link address since all the transmissions originate in the same place, that is, in the location of the base transceiver station. However, the current digital cellular CDMA standards do not attempt to use or require orthogonality between channels in a reverse link direction. It is generally assumed that it is too difficult to synchronize transmissions originating from remote units that are located at different locations and at potentially very different distances from the base station. Instead, these systems typically use the chip-level encoding code with unique offsets of this long pseudorandom code to distinguish the individual reverse link channels. However, the use of this coding avoids the possibility that the transmissions of the different users are orthogonal to each other. Accordingly, one embodiment of the present invention includes a system that supports communication between members of a "first user group and a second group of users." The first group of users, which may be predecessor users of a cellular phone system of digital code division (CDMA) multiple access, encode their transmissions with a first common code.This first group of users are uniquely identifiable by providing a unique code phase deviation for each user.The second group of users, they can be a user of a high-speed data service, they encode their transmissions using the same code and one of the code phase deviations of that code, however, each of the users of the second group also encodes their transmissions with a code In addition, the additional code is unique for each of the users of the second group. The second group of users is orthogonal to each other and at the same time they maintain the appearance that they are collectively a single user of the first group. The code assigned to the first group of users can be a pseudo-random code of common fragmentation speed. The code assigned to the second group of terminals can typically be a set of codes unique orthogonal The individual members of the first group of terminals can be differentiated by coding codes having unique phase deviations from a selected longer pseudorandom noise sequence. In a preferred embodiment, certain stages are carried out to ensure adequate orientation of the signaling between the second group of users or what is called "heart rate". Specifically, a common code channel - can be dedicated for use as a synchronization establishment channel. This allows the maintenance of an adequate synchronization of the transmissions of the second group of terminals if, for example, a coding scheme is implemented in a reverse link direction. In another modality, the users of the second group can be assigned specific time intervals in which to transmit and therefore maintain the orthogonality through the use of time division multiple access. Again, the point is that the users of the second group appear collectively as a single user for the transmissions of the users in the first group. The principles of the present invention allow current CDMA systems, designed for vehicular mobility, to support imperceptible transfer for orthogonal channel users on their reverse link to increase the robustness of reverse link channel connections in a highly variable RF environment. Since an orthogonal link must be aligned in time to maintain orthogonality from one user to the next, a synchronization control loop is used from a single base station. The orthogonality is not easily obtained for two base stations in a reverse link direction because the relative propagation time delays complicate the alignment in time in the two base stations. Therefore, to use an orthogonal reverse link with imperceptible transfer there is a primary reverse link base station that provides synchronization control, and one or several secondary base stations that can receive transmissions non-orthogonally. The specific criteria are defined to determine at what point it is advantageous to reassign the synchronization control from the primary base station to the secondary base station allowing a change of the orthogonal link from the first to the second base station. Although there is only one orthogonal base station, the signal levels received at the second base station may be sufficient for reception. These signals can be used to provide diversity. This is particularly useful in high mobility systems. Although only a single base station performs synchronization control, in a preferred embodiment, both perform power control. This is because, as the path loss to the non-orthogonal base station decreases as the user moves, the received power may become too strong if it begins to generate excessive interference, by reducing the capacity of the secondary base station . Therefore, when the signal level is suitable for reception in the secondary base station, the instructions or messages are transmitted to the subscriber unit in order to reduce the transmitted power. Although these instructions affect the received power in both the orthogonal base station and the non-orthogonal base station, it may be appropriate to reassign the synchronization control from the primary base station to the secondary base station. A typical condition may be when the path loss measured to the non-orthogonal or secondary base station exceeds a certain threshold difference, for example, of 10 db. Existing CD A systems define reverse link pipelines in a non-orthogonal manner. This is done by defining unique broadcast code shifts for each reverse link user. Orthogonal and non-orthogonal retrograde compatibility can be obtained by orthogonal users for a primary base station that shares the same broadcast code. When these user signals are received at other base stations, they are unlikely to be aligned in time, but will have unique code shifts and will be able to be uniquely identified in the combination of code shift and orthogonal code. These signals do not interfere more than standard non-orthogonal signals that are predecessors to existing CDMA systems. Therefore, as soon as an imperceptible transfer is currently made, it can be done with an orthogonal primary base station and non-orthogonal secondary base stations. When the primary base station is reassigned so that the synchronization now comes from a secondary base station (i.e. a reverse link synchronization control transfer has been made), there may be a significant delay in the phase shift of code. Using a one-bit differential synchronization control loop may be too slow to quickly obtain orthogonality with the new base station when it has been transferred. Therefore, when a transfer occurs, it can be use an approximate synchronization adjustment command or message to quickly realign the reverse link, where the approximate synchronization setting may be absolute or relative. In the case of a synchronization instruction, the subscriber unit writes to perform an approximate synchronization setting; in the case of a synchronized message, the subscriber unit autonomously responds to the information in the synchronization message. The criteria for transfer synchronization control can be based on criteria, which include at least one of the following: 1. The metric of an alternative path exceeds a threshold for a designated period of time; 2. 'The metric of an alternative trajectory exceeds a threshold in relation to the current trajectory for a designated period of time, 3. The current selected trajectory falls below an absolute metric, or 4. The candidate trajectory exceeds an absolute metric. , where the metric can be one or more of the following a.Power; b. SNR; c. Variation of the power; d. SNR variation; or e. Relative ratio of the previous metrics between two trajectories (ie, the orthogonal link and the non-orthogonal link). The power control (or SNR control) of an orthogonal reverse link (RL) can be based on orthogonal (aligned) as well as non-orthogonal trajectories. When the SNR of a non-orthogonal path satisfies a quality criterion as indicated above while an energy control loop is active, a synchronization control of the subscriber unit may be reassigned to the base station associated with the path not orthogonal. With reference to the energy control loop, if an instruction is sent, instead of a message or report, the instruction may be the minimum of the SNR of each path. For example, if two trajectories are being followed, and one needs power and the other has too much power, the instruction to decrease power is transmitted. This also applies to an imperceptible transfer function, where the power output of the subscriber unit is increased only if all the instructions or messages that provide power metrics require it to increase.

Relative relationships can exist between instructions from a non-orthogonal path of a base station and those from the orthogonal path. For example, instructions that require more or less power from non-orthogonal trajectories may need to be more consistent or for a longer period of time or for a longer duration before the orthogonal trajectory is ignored and the other trajectories control the reduction in power. The orthogonal zone of the station within the base can be handled in a similar manner, as above. The power control can be maintained by the orthogonal and non-orthogonal base stations while the synchronization orthogonality is controlled by a base station. Although the power control is maintained for the orthogonal and non-orthogonal base stations, the instructions or messages that include the metric must be sent to the transmitter of the subscriber unit down the direct link. The power control instructions of each base station can be based on whether the quality metric is obtained at each respective base station. This quality metric can be a bit error rate, the signal-to-noise ratio, the received power, or Ec / Io. With the condition that the metric is satisfied, then an instruction is sent to reduce the transmission power. Since the access terminal receives instructions from both base stations, it often receives contradictory instructions. When this happens, the access terminal obeys the instructions to decrease the power, if it exists. This is effectively an excluding function; for example, an energy increase occurs only if both stations transmit the power increase order. If any of the base station instructions is an instruction to decrease the energy, then there is a decrease in energy in the access terminal. This is also valid for multiple bit instructions, where the minimum increase or the maximum decrease in power is obeyed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which similar reference numerals are used. refer to equal parts through the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale and emphasis is added to illustrate the principles of invention Figure 1 is a block diagram of a wireless communication system that supports orthogonal and non-orthogonal links; Figure 2 is a block diagram of a circuit used by the access terminal of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a block diagram of the circuit of Figure 2 which further includes a code generator for operating on an orthogonal link with other access terminals; Figure 4 is a block diagram of the wireless communication system of Figure 1 having multiple field units using orthogonal and non-orthogonal links; Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a base station processor (BSP) of Fig. 4 having an orthogonal synchronization controller for controlling the synchronization of the access terminals on orthogonal link; Figure 6A is a network diagram of the network of Figure 4 having an alignment controller located in the base station processors; Figure 6B is a network diagram of a network of Figure 4 having a localized alignment control in the field unit; Figure 6C is a network diagram of the network of Figure 4 having an alignment controller that is located in a base station controller; Figure 7 is a flow diagram of a process that can be used by the base terminal station and the access terminals of Figure 4 to produce mutually orthogonal signals; Figure 8 is a flow diagram of processes that can be used by the base terminal stations and the access terminal in a multi-cell environment of Figure 4 for imperceptible transfer; and Figures 9 A and B are a flow chart of processes that can be used by the base terminal stations and the access terminals of Figure 1 for power control.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A description of the preferred embodiments of the invention follows. Figure 1 is a block diagram of a code division multiple access (CDMA) communication system 10 that makes use of a signal coding scheme in which a first class of logical channels single long codes with different code phase deviations are assigned and a second class of logical channels are provided by the use of a common code and 'a common code phase deviation, combined with an additional coding process using an orthogonal code unique for each channel. In the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment, the communication system 10 is described in such a way that the shared channel resource is a wireless or radio channel. However, it should be understood that the techniques described herein may be applied to implement shared access to other types of media such as telephone connections, computer network connections, cable connections and other physical media to which access is granted in a basis determined by demand. The system 10 supports wireless communication for a first group of users 110 as well as for a second group of users 210. The first group of users 110 are typically predecessor users of cell phone equipment such as wireless handsets 113-1, 113-2, or 113-h cellular mobile phones installed in vehicles. This first group of users 110 mainly uses the network in a voice mode so their communications are encoded as transmissions continuous In a preferred embodiment, user transmissions are sent from the subscriber units 113 through a direct link 40 of radio channels and a reverse link 50 of radio channels. Its signals are administered at a central location which includes a base station antenna 118, a base transceiver station 120 (BTS), a base station controller 123 (BSC). The first user group 110 therefore typically engages in voice conversations using the mobile subscriber units 113, the BTS 120 and the BSC 123 to connect the telephone connections through the public switched telephone network (PSTN) 124. The direct link 40 in use by the first group of users can be encoded in accordance with well-known digital cellular standards such as this code division multiple access (CDMA) standard defined in IS-95B specified by the Telecommunications Industry ftssociation (TIA). ). This direct link 40 includes at least one location channel 141 and a traffic channel 142, as well as other logical channels 144. This direct link 40 of the predecessor channels 141, 142, 144 are defined in such a system by the use of orthogonally encoded channels. This first group of users 110 also encodes their transmissions on the reverse link 50 in accordance with the IS-95B standard. Thus. they make use of several logical channels in a reverse link address 50, which includes an access channel 151, a traffic channel 152 and other logical channels 154. In this reverse link 50, the first user group 110 typically encodes signals with a common long code using different code phase deviations. The manner of coding the signals for the ancestor users 110 in the reverse link 50 is also well known in the art. The communication system 10 also includes a second group of users that 210. This second group of users 210 typically are users who require high-speed wireless data services. Its system components include various devices 212-1, 212-2, 212-h, ... 212-1-, of personal computers (PCs) located remotely that correspond to units 214-1, 214-2, ... 214-h, ... 214-1 (SAU) access remote suscriptor and antennas 216-1, 216-2, ... 216-h, ... 216-1. associated The centrally located equipment includes a base station antenna 218 and a base station processor 220 (BSP). The BSP 220 provides connections to one of an Internet gate 222 which in turn provides access to a data network such as the Internet 224 and the network file server 230 connected to the network 222.

The PCs 212 can transmit data and receive data from the network server 230 through bidirectional wireless connections implemented on the direct link 40 and the reverse link 50 used by the ancestor users. It should be understood that in a multiple point-to-multiple point wireless access communication system 10, as shown, a given base station processor 220 supports communication with a number of active subscriber access units 214 other than one. way which is similar to a cell phone communication network. In the present scenario, the radio frequencies allocated for use by the first group 110 are the same as those assigned for use by the second group 210. The present invention relates specifically to the manner in which a different coding structure is allowed to be used. by the second group 210 while generating minimal interference to the first group 110. The PC 212s are typically 212-1 portable computers (laptop), hand-held 212-h units, Internet-enabled cell phones or assistant-type computing devices personal digital (PDA). Each of the PCs 212 is connected to a respective SAU 214 through a suitable wired connection such as an Ethernet type connection.

A SAU 214 allows its associated PC 212 to connect to the network file server 230 via the BSP 220, the gate 222 and the network 224. In a reverse link direction, that is, for data traffic moving from PC 212 to server 230, PC 212 provides an Internet Protocol (IP) level packet with SAU 214. SAU 214 then encapsulates wireframe structuring (i.e., Ethernet structuring) with a structured and connected encoding appropriate wireless The appropriately formatted wireless data packet traveling on one of the radio channels comprising the reverse link 50 through the antennas 216 and 218. At the central base station location, the BSP 220 then extracts the link structuring 'Radio, reformats the packet in IP form and sends it through the gate 222 of the Internet. The packet is then routed through any number or any type of TCP / IP networks, such as the Internet 224, to its final destination, such as the network file server 230. The data can also be transmitted from the network file server 230 to the PCs 212 at a direct link address 40. In this case, an Internet Protocol (IP) packet originating from file server 230 is moved through the Internet 224 to through the gate 222 of the Internet reaching the BSP 220. The structuring and encoding of the appropriate wireless protocol is then added to the IP packet. The packet is then "moved through the antenna 218 and 216 to the proposed receiver SAU 214. The SAÜ 214 receiver decodes the structure of the wireless packet and sends the packet to the proposed PC 212 which performs the processing of the IP layer. Given PC 212 and file server 230 can therefore be viewed as the endpoints of an IP-level duplex connection.After a connection is established, a user of PC 212 can thus transmit data and receive data. data from the file server 230. From the perspective of the second user group 210, the reverse link 50 actually consists of a number of different types of logical or physical radio channels including an access channel 251, channels 252-1, ... 252-t of multiple traffic and a maintenance channel 53. The reverse link access channel 251 is used by the SAU 240 to send messages to the BSP 220 to request to be granted the traffic channels. fico. The channels 252 allocated traffic after carrying useful data from the UPS 214 the BSP 220. It should be understood that a given IP layer connection may actually have more than one traffic channel 252 assigned to it. In addition, a maintenance channel 253 may carry information such as synchronization establishment and energy control messages to further support the transmission of information about the reverse link 50. Similarly, the second group of users has a direct link 40 which includes a location channel 241, channels 242-1 ... 242-t for multiple traffic and maintenance channel 243. The location channel 241 is used by the BSP 220 not only to inform the SAU 214 that they have been assigned direct link traffic channels 252, but also to inform the SAÜ 214 of the assigned traffic channels 252 in the link address reverse. The traffic channels 241-1 ... 242-t in the direct link 40 are then used to carry useful data information from the BSP 220 to the UPS 214. Additionally, the maintenance channels 243 carry establishment information. synchronization and power control in the direct link 40 from the base station processor 220 to the SAU 214. It should be understood that there are typically many additional traffic channels 241 that locate channels 241 or maintenance channels 243. In the preferred embodiment, the logical forward link channels 241, 242 and 243 and 251, 252 and 253 are defined by assigning to each channel a pseudorandom (PN) noise channel code. The system 10 is therefore what is called a code division multiple access (CDMA) system in which multiple coded channels can use the same radio frequency (RF) channel. The logical or code channels can also be further divided or mapped between the multiple active SAUs 214. the sequence of signal processing operations is typically performed to encode the respective reverse link 50 of the logical channels 51, 52 and 53. In the reverse link direction, the transmitter is one of the SAU 214 and the receiver is the base station processor 220 (BSP). The preferred embodiment of the invention is implemented in an environment where the predecessor users of a CDMA digital cellular telephone system such as one operating in accordance with the IS-95B standard are also present in the reverse link 50. In an IS-95B system, the reverse link CDMA channel signals are identified by assigning non-orthogonal pseudorandom (PN) noise codes. Returning attention now to Figure 2, the channel coding process for the first group of users 110 predecessors will be described in more detail. This first class of users includes, for example, users of the CDMA digital cell phone system that code for signals according to the IS-95B standard mentioned above. In this way, individual channels are identified by modulating the input digitized speech signal by a pseudorandom (PN) noise code sequence for each channel. Specifically, the process that encodes a channel takes an input digital signal 302 that presents the information to be transmitted. A quadrature modulator 304 provides a signal path in phase (i) and quadrature (q) to a pair of multipliers 306-i and 306-q. A short pseudorandom (PN) noise code generator 305 provides a short length code (in this case 215-1 or 32767 bits) used for spectrum dispersion purposes. The short code is therefore typically the same code for each of the logical channels for the first group 110. A second stage of code modulation is applied to the signal paths (i) and (q) by multiplying the two trajectories signal with an additional long PN code. This is carried out by the long code generator 307 and the long code multipliers 308-i and 308-q. The long code serves to uniquely identify each user in the reverse link 50. The long code can be a very long code which, for example, is repeated only every 242-1 bits. The long code is applies to a short code fragmentation rate, for example one bit of the long code is applied to each bit transmitted by the short code modulation process, so that no further spectrum dispersion occurs. Individual users are identified by applying phase deviations different from the long PN code for each user. It should be understood that other synchronization steps need not be taken for the first group of users 110. Specifically, these transmissions on the reverse link 50 are designed to be asynchronous and therefore not necessarily perfect orthogonal. Figure 3 is a more detailed view of the channel coding process for a second group of users 210. This second group 210, for example, includes wireless data users that code for signals according to an optimized format for data transmission. The individual channels are identified by modulating the input data by a pseudo-random noise code (PN) sequence which is the same code sequence used for the first user group 110. However, as will be briefly understood, the channels in the second group 210 is uniquely identified by codesspecific orthogonal ones such as the Walsh codes. Specifically, the channel coding process for this second group of users 210 acquires a digital input signal 402 and applies a number of codes as generated by a short code generator 405, a Walsh code generator 413 and a generator 407. of long code. As a first step, a quadrature modulator 404 provides a signal path in phase (i) and in quadrature (q) to a first pair of multipliers 406-i and 406-q. The short pseudorandom (PN) noise code generator 405 provides a short code, in this case a length of 215 for spectrum dispersion purposes. This short code is therefore the same as the short PN code used for each of the -channels in the first group 110. A second step in the process is to apply an orthogonal code such as that generated by the code generator 413. Walsh This is carried out by multipliers 412-i and 412-q that print the orthogonal code in each of the signal paths in phase and quadrature. The orthogonal code assigned to each logical channel is different and uniquely identifies said channels. In the final stage of the process, a second long code of pseudo-random noise (PN) is applied to the signal trajectories (i) and (q). The long code generator 407 in this manner sends the long code to one of the respective multipliers in phase 408-i and quadrature 408-q. This long code does not uniquely identify each user in the second group 210. Specifically, this code may be one of the same long codes that are used in the first group that uniquely identifies the first group of users 110. Thus, for example, this is applied in the same way as a short code fragment rate code so that one bit of the long code is applied to each output bit by the short code modulation process. In this way, all the users in the second group 210 appear as a single predecessor user of the first group 110. However, the users of the second group 210 can be uniquely identified since they have been assigned orthogonal Walsh codes unique Since the implementation in the preferred embodiment is over an inverse link 50, additional information must be provided in order to maintain the orthogonality between the various users in the second group 210. Specifically in this way a maintenance channel 243 is included in the direct link 40 This maintenance or "heart rate" channel provides synchronization establishment information and other synchronization signals so that remote units 214 can synchronize their transmissions appropriately. The maintenance channel can be divided in time. For more details on the formatting of this direct link maintenance channel 243, reference may be made to the patent application of E.ii.A. Copendent Serial No. 09 / 775,305 filed on February 1, 2001, entitled "AINTENANCE LINK USING ACTIVES / STANDBY REQUEST CHANNELS," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. It should be understood that some infrastructure can therefore be shared by the second user group 210 and the first user group 110. For example, the antennas 218 and 118 are shown as separate base station antennas in FIG. 1, in FIG. Reality can be a shared antenna. In the same way, the location of the antennas can therefore be the same. This allows the second user group 210 to share equipment and physical constructed locations in advance in the place and in use by the predecessor users. This greatly simplifies the deployment of wireless infrastructure for this new group of users 210, for example there is no need to build new locations or new antenna sites. Figure 4 is a network diagram similar to that of Figure 1. In this wireless network 400, a first base station processor 220-1 (BSP) and a second base station processor 220-2 (collectively 220) provide access to the other networks (e.g. PSTN) to access terminals 213-1, 213-2, ..., 213-3 and portable units 113.1, 113-2 and 1.13-3. The base station processors 220 also support the imperceptible transfer of CDMA reverse links using orthogonal channels for access terminals 213 which are not predecessors while at the same time allowing the predecessor portable units 113 to use the reverse links in a way typical The access terminals 213 and the portable units 113 are interchangeably referred to as the field units or subscriber access units (SAU). The "ancestor" field unit refers to field units that are not equipped with a modulation process that applies unique orthogonal codes to share a common reverse link channel with the other field units. "Non-ancestor" field units refer to field units that are equipped with a modulation process that applies unique orthogonal codes to share a common reverse link channel with other field units. BSP 220 supports imperceptible transfer when reassigning Selectively control synchronization of reverse link channels based on criteria. In a preferred embodiment, the BSP 220 provides power control feedback to the field units. With continued reference to Figure 4, the above antenna towers 218 are first and second timing diagrams 403-1 and 403-2 (collectively as 403) illustrating the related synchronizations of the reverse link signals for each of the field units communicating with the respective base station processors 220. These timing diagrams 403 illustrate a distinction between orthogonal reverse link channels that are time aligned and orthogonal, or non-orthogonal channels that are not time aligned. As discussed in the foregoing, each -one of the access terminals 213 that are not ancestors that share a common reverse link channel has an additional encoding process to add a unique orthogonal code to differentiate its reverse link signals from of the reverse link signals of other network devices using a common reverse link channel. For purposes of this discussion, it is assumed that: (i) the access terminals 213 share an orthogonal common reverse link channel and (ii) the three manual units 113 use non-communication techniques. orthogonal predecessors in the reverse link. In the first synchronization diagram 403-1, the first base station processor 220-1 uses an alignment controller (not shown) to align the synchronization of the reverse link orthogonal channels of the access terminals for which they control the BSP 220-1. In this case, the BSP 220-1 controls the synchronization of the reverse link logical channels 420-1 and 420-2, represented by the marks 425-1 and 425-2 of the vertical cross-section, of the first and second units of field 213-1 and 213-2, respectively. The reverse link channels having their time inverse links aligned (i.e., the common long code phases aligned) are referred to as "native" orthogonal channels. The third access terminal 213-3 that is also in communication with the first base station processor 220-1 does not have its reverse link logical time channel 420-3 (425-3) aligned with the reverse link logical channels of the first and second access terminals 213-1 and 213-2. The third access terminal 213-3 has its reverse link channel 420-3 controlled by the second BSP 220-2. Accordingly, the synchronization of the reverse link logical channel 420-3 (425-3) for the third field unit 213-3 is shown deviated in the first synchronization diagram 403-1 from the orthogonal native 425-1 and 425-2 channels. In the second synchronization diagram 403-2, the reverse link logical channels 420-1, 420-3, 420-4, 420-5 and 420-6 of the five wireless network devices 213-1, 213-3, 113-1, 113-2 and 113-3 in communication with the second base station processor 220-2 are represented by vertical markings 425-1, 425-3, 425-4, 425-5 and 425-6 , respectively. The second BSP 220-2 controls the synchronization of the third access terminal 213-3 of the reverse orthogonal link 420-3 (425-3) but none of the other different access terminals 213-1, 213-2. Therefore, as expected, the reverse link logical channels 420 (425) are offset in phase one from the other in the second BSP 220-2, as indicated in the second "synchronization" diagram 403-2. channels 425-1, 425-5 and 425-6 of reverse link are relatively close together in time in the second BSP 220-2 and are referred to as orthogonal "strange" channels 415. The extraneous orthogonal channels 415 are not truly orthogonal in the extent to which the channels do not have unique orthogonal codes to differentiate each other over a common reverse link channel, therefore, if the foreign orthogonal channels 415 are to be aligned, they can destructively interfere with each other. others in the second BSP 220-2. In a particular situation, each of the base station processors 220 may be native orthogonal support channels 410 and foreign or non-orthogonal channels 415. This situation indicates that a combination of field units that are not predecessors and predecessors, respectively, can be used center of the same cell zone. In existing orthogonal technology, there is no imperceptible transfer technique in the reverse link when a field unit, such as one of the access terminals (for example 213-3) is moved from a cell zone of a first processor 220 -1 of base station to a cell zone of a second 220-2 base station processor. The imperceptible reverse link transfer technique described herein: (i) supports communication on the reverse link from the wireless network devices 213 that are not predecessors to multiple base station processors 220, (ii) performs a control of synchronization and power (described below), and (iii) coordinates which of the multiple base station processors 220 is the "master" of the reverse link synchronization control for a field unit based on criteria, described with reference to figure 8. By coordinating which of the BSP 220 controls are multiple which synchronize the Inverse link channel of a given access terminal 213, access terminal 213 can be moved from one cell zone to another cell zone without loss of connection in the reverse link. The principles of the present invention also include a technique for fast orthogonal synchronization alignment (i.e., setting of the long code phase of the common logical channel for an access terminal 213 such that a common reverse link channel is aligned in time, or mutually orthogonal, with a channel, common reverse link of terminals 213 of another access). The base station processor 220 receives a synchronization control of the reverse link channel determines the approximate deviation of the channel synchronization. logical of. reverse link of the field unit as a function of the synchronization of the reverse link logical channel of other field units that share the same reverse link logical channel. The approximate deviation is transmitted to the field unit 213 in the form of a deviated instruction or deviated message. Based on the approximate deviation information, the field unit performs an approximate synchronization adjustment of the logical channel according to the approximate timing deviation. After the approximate synchronization setting, a fine synchronization adjustment can be made according to the fine synchronization deviations that can be measured by the base station processor 220 by following the approximate synchronization setting of the reverse link logical channel 420. Figure 5 is a block diagram of one of the base station processors 220-1 that includes provisions for imperceptible transfer of the CDMA reverse link using an orthogonal channel structure. The base station processor 220-1 receives reverse link channels from the field units 113, 213 via the antenna tower 218. A receiver 505 receives a reverse link channel from a given field unit 213 and sends the received signal to an orthogonal synchronization controller 510. The orthogonal synchronization driver 510 or the unit. equivalent, determines the approximate synchronization deviation 513 with respect to the reverse link channels from other field units that share the same reverse link logical channel. The approximate synchronization deviation 513 can be an absolute measure for transmission to a given field unit 213 in the form of an instruction or it can be a relative measure and can be sent back to the given field unit 213 in the form of a message, with the given field unit 213 using additional processing to determine the timing deviation (i.e. phase adjustment) of the reverse link signal. A combination of absolute and relative measures can also be used. Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of the network having the first base station processor 220-1 and the second base station processor 220-2. The base station processors 220 include respective alignment controllers 515. The alignment controllers 515 are used by the base station processors 220 to select or control which base station processor 220 controls the synchronization alignment of the reverse links 420 of the field unit 213. To determine which BSP 220 should control the synchronization alignment of the field unit 213-1, the delineation controllers 515 can calculate a metric (eg, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)) associated with the signal received from the 213-1 field unit. A given alignment controller 515 can output a message to one or more additional alignment drivers of 515 to send to the other base station processors 220 that the associated base station processor 220 associates with the given alignment controller 515 and that advances to the controller of the synchronization of the reverse link channel of the unit 213-1 field. Alternatively, the given alignment controller 515 may issue an instruction or message to another alignment controller 515, such as the alignment controller 515 on the second base station processor 220-2, of which the second processor 220-2 The base station must control the synchronization of the reverse link channel of the field unit 213-1. They may be presented between the alignment controllers 515 to determine which base station processor 220 will control the alignment of the field unit 213. Once the base station processor 220 has been instructed or has been chosen to control the synchronization of the orthogonal reverse link channel, the orthogonal synchronization controllers 510 are used to determine an approximate synchronization deviation, as discussed in the foregoing. to facilitate the transfer of synchronization control. Figure 6B is a schematic diagram of a wireless network in which the alignment controller 515 is deployed as part of the field unit 213-1, in this case it is incorporated into the subscriber access unit 214-1. Alternatively, the alignment controller 515 may be included in the PC 212-1 or as a self-sustaining unit electrically connected to either the subscriber access unit 214-1 (SAU) or the PC 212-1.

In this distribution, the alignment controller 515 provides an instruction or a message to the SAU 214-1 and the field unit 213-1 to cause the field unit 213-1 to respond to a synchronization control signal received either from the first base station processor 220-1 or the second base station processor 220-2. Figure 6C is a schematic diagram of a wireless network 400 in which the alignment controller 515 is deployed in the base station controller (123). In this case, the alignment controller 515 may receive information from each of the orthogonal synchronization controllers 510 from the first base station 220-1 or the second base station 220-2 to determine which base station 220 processor it must control the synchronization of the orthogonal reverse link channel for the field unit 213-1.The alignment controller 515 can perform this determination based on various factors, such as the signal to noise ratio of the reverse link signal in each of the base station processors 220. The alignment controller 515 may use instructions or messages to indicate which base station processor 220 is to control the synchronization of the reverse link of the field unit 213-1.

The selected base station processor 220 may issue an instruction or message to the field unit 213-1 which is the base station processor 220 which will control the synchronization of the orthogonal reverse link channel. It is to be understood that the alignment controller 515 may also comprise the concept of diversity and may make selections as to which base station processor 220 will control the synchronization of the reverse link channel so as to maximize the efficiency of diversity among the processors. 220 of base station. Figure 7 is a flow chart of an imperceptible transfer process of a CDMA orthogonal reverse link according to the principles of the present invention. In this example, the first base station processor 220-1 executes a first process 700 and the access terminal 213 executes a second process 735. After the start of the BSP process 700 in step 705, the process 700 BSP waits for receiving a reverse link signal in step 710 from the access terminal 213. After the start of the BSP process 700 in step 705, the BSP process 700 expects to receive a reverse link signal in step 710 from the access terminal 213. After the start of process 735 of the access terminal in step 740, the access terminal 213 in step 745 transmits a reverse link signal with a code orthogonal on a reverse link channel common to the reverse link signals of other access terminals 213. The BSP process 700 receives the reverse link signal in step 710 and continues in step 715. In step 715 the BSP process 700 determines whether it is a long code, identifying the access terminal 213 belonging to a link group orthogonal inverse in the reverse link signal is in phase with the long codes of other access terminals 213 in the same access terminal group, as described with reference to figures 2 and 3. They are the long codes and not the specific unique orthogonal codes, such as Walsh codes, which are aligned in time by the base station processor 700. The unique identification codes of the reverse link signals are mutually orthogonal when long codes are in phase. If the long code in the reverse link signal is in phase (i.e., time aligned) with the long codes of other reverse link signals of other access terminals 213 in the same mutually orthogonal reverse link group, the process 700 terminates in step 730. If the long code is not in phase with the long codes in the reverse link signals of other access terminals, the 700 BSP process continues in step 720, where a determination of the approximate timing deviation performed by the orthogonal synchronization controller 510, as discussed in the foregoing with reference to FIG. 5. The process 700 BSP continues in step 725, wherein the base station 'processor 220 transmits the deviation of approximate synchronization to the access terminal 213 in the form of an instruction or message. The access terminal process 735 receives the approximate synchronization deviation and adjusts the synchronization of the reverse link signal in step 750. The access terminal process 735 ends in step 755 and process 700 BSP ends in step 730 Figure 8 is a flow diagram of the two base station processors 220-1 and 220-2 insofar as they interact with the access terminal 213. The first base station 220-1 processor executes a process 800 which controls the synchronization of the reverse link of the access terminal 213. The other base station processor 220-2 executes a process 802 that provides processing that does not control the synchronization of the reverse link of the access terminal 213. The access terminal 213 executes its own process 833. The process 833 is capable of receiving feedback, making adjustments to the synchronization of the reverse link signal in approximate and fine amounts and making level adjustments. of power according to the power level feedback received from the base station processors 220. The access terminal 213 transmits signals (step 836) that are received by the first base station processor 220-1 and the second base station processor 220-2. In this example, it is assumed that the first base station processor 220-1 has previously been selected to control the synchronization of the reverse link signal by the access terminal 213. The first base station processor 220-1 in this manner receives the orthogonal reverse link signals (step 803) from the access terminal 213 which is aligned with other reverse link signals which share the same reverse link channel or which they are aligned with other reverse link signals from other access terminals 213 using the same reverse link channel The base station processor 220-1 determines whether the signal from the access terminal 213 satisfies a synchronization criterion or the criteria in step 806. If the signal does not satisfy one or more of the synchronization criteria, the process 800 determines an approximate synchronization deviation for feedback to the access terminal 213 to align the signal with the other signals using the same code. it is received by terminal 213 of access in step 839. If the signal satisfies one or more synchronization criteria, the process 800 continues in step 809, wherein the process 800 determines whether a fine synchronization deviation is necessary. If affirmative, the process 800 sends to the access terminal 213, which is the fine synchronization deviation, which is received in the step 839 of the process 833 executed by the access terminal 213. If a fine synchronization deviation is not necessary, the process 800 continues in step 815. In step 815, the base station processor 220-1 determines whether the energy level of the signal transmitted by the access terminal 213 should conform. Similarly, the second base station processor 220-2 also determines whether it should cause a power level adjustment in step 815 of the access terminal 213. In any case, the power level deviations are sent to the access terminal 213 in the direct link. If no power level adjustment is needed, in reference to both the first base station processor process 800 and the second base station processor process 802, the respective process continues in step 818, where a determination is made. Regarding whether the transfer of control of synchronization. Synchronization control transfer may be initiated based on a set of criteria: (a) the metric of an alternative path exceeds a threshold for a previously designated time period; (b) the metric of an alternative trajectory exceeds a threshold in relation to the current trajectory for a designated period of time; (c) the currently selected path descends below an absolute metric; and (d) the candidate path exceeds an absolute metric, where the metric can be one or more of the following: (a) power; (b) SNR; (c) variation of the power; (d) variation of the SNR; and (e) relative proportion of the two trajectories. If there has been a synchronization control transfer initiation then, in step 821, the base station processor 220-1 updates the other base station processors and the base station controller 123. Access terminal 213 can also be called by the synchronization control transfer. If the synchronization control has not been transferred, process 800 and 810 continue in step 824 where a determination is made to release or accept synchronization control which other base station processor 220, base station controller 123 or access terminal 213 sends an instruction or message to the base station processor 220 which will be controlling the synchronization of the reverse link signal. If the base station processor releases or accepts the synchronization control obligations, the processor 800, 802 continues in step 830 to update the operating parameters of the system; otherwise, process 800, 810 continues back to step 803 to receive signals from access terminals 213. The process 833 executed by the access terminal 213 receives feedback in step 839 and processes the feedback as follows. First, feedback is not received, process 833, in this mode, establishes a wait loop for feedback in step 839. If feedback is received, the process continues in step 842 to determine whether an instruction has been received or received. approximate synchronization adjustment message. If yes, performs in step 845 the approximate synchronization setting. It should be understood that the course synchronization adjustment can be an absolute or relative measure, as discussed in the foregoing. In step 848, the access terminal 213 determines whether a fine synchronization adjustment command or message has been received. If so, in step 851 the fine synchronization adjustment is made. It should be understood that the fine synchronization setting is typically an instruction or differential message. After the fine synchronization setting, the process 833 determines whether an instruction or power level adjustment message has been received. If so, the access terminal 213 adjusts the power level in step 857. After the synchronization or power adjustments, the process 833 updates the operation parameters of the access terminal 213 in step 860. After of updating the system parameters, the process 833 repeats, in step 839, awaiting feedback from one or more base station processors 220. Figures 9? and B is a process flow diagram 900, 920 executed by the base station processors 220 and the access terminal 213, respectively, to adjust the energy level of the reverse link signal transmitted by access terminal 213. With reference to the process 900 executed by the base station processors 220, the process 900 begins in step 905. In step 910, the base station processors 220 determine whether they cause the access terminal 213 to change the energy level of the reverse link signal in step 910. If a change of the power level of the reverse link signal is desired, feedback is sent to the access terminal 213 in the form of an instruction or message. Process base station processor 220 terminates in step 915. Process 920 executed by access terminal 213 begins in step 925. Once feedback is received in step 930, process 920 continues in step 935, where a determination is made as to whether all the base station processors 220 are requesting an increase in the power level. If affirmative, process 920 continues in step 940 where access terminal 213 increases the power level of the reverse link signal to a measure such as the lowest increment feedback. If not all of the base station processors 220 request an increase in the power level, a determination is made in step 945 as to whether some base station processor 220 is requesting a decrease in the power level. If affirmative, access terminal 213 in step 950 decreases the power level by a measure such as the greatest decrease in feedback. The process 920 ends in step 955 or simply loops back to step 930 to wait to receive a power level feedback. Although the power control is maintained by both the orthogonal and non-orthogonal base stations, the instructions or metrics can be sent to the subscriber base transmitter (i.e., the access terminal 213) by means of a direct link. The power control instructions of each base station processor 220 may be based on whether the signal quality metric is obtained at each respective base station processor 220. This signal quality metric can be the bit error rate (BER), the signal to noise ratio (SNR), the received power or Ec / Io, for example. As long as the metric is satisfied, an instruction can be sent to reduce the transmission power. Since the access terminal 213 receives instructions or messages from both base station processors 220, it often reflects conflicting instructions. When this occurs, the access terminal 213 obeys the instruction to "decrease power. "This is effectively an excluding function, for example, an" increase in power "occurs if both the station processor 220 instructs an increase in power, if either of the base station processors 220 instructs a decrease in power. power, there is a decrease in power.This may be valid for multiple bit instructions as well, where the minimum increase or the maximum decrease in power is obeyed, although this invention has been shown and described particularly with reference to the modalities Preferred thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made without thereby departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.

Claims (29)

1. CLAIMS 1. A wireless communication system for aligning code division multiple access reverse link (CDMA) signals, the system comprises: a first base station having: (i) a first receiver for receiving a signal having a unique orthogonal code from a given subscriber unit on a first reverse link, and (ii) a first synchronization controller coupled to the receiver capable of determining an approximate synchronization deviation of the signal to produce the signal essentially mutually orthogonally with signals from at least one other subscriber unit on the first reverse link; a second base station having: (i) a second receiver for simultaneously receiving the signal having the unique orthogonal code from the given subscriber unit on a second reverse link, and (ii) a second synchronization controller coupled to the second capable receiver determining an approximate synchronization deviation of the signal to return the signal substantially mutually orthogonally with signals from at least one other subscriber unit in the second reverse link; and an alignment controller in communication with the first and second synchronization controllers; (i) to cause the signal to be orthogonally aligned with signals from at least another additional subscriber unit either on the first reverse link or the second reverse link, and (iii) to allow the signal to be orthogonally deviated from the signals of at least one other subscriber unit on the other reverse link. The apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, in response to assigning responsibility for orthogonal alignment, the first or second synchronization controller reports the synchronization deviation to the given subscriber unit in the form of a synchronization instruction or a synchronization message. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: (i) the first base station includes a first power controller for determining a first power level of the coded signal in the first base station, and (ii) ) the second base station includes a second power controller for determining a second power level of the encoded signal in the second base station, wherein each power controller provides feedback of the power level to the given subscriber unit in the form of a power instruction or a power message. 4. The system as described in claim 3, characterized in that the feedback of the power level from the first and second power controllers causes the given subscriber unit to increase its power level based on the smaller of the two feedback signals and to decrease the power level in base on the smaller of the two feedback signals. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that the first base station includes an alignment controller that initiates synchronization control transfer. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that the second base station includes the alignment controller and initiates synchronization control transfer. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that the subscriber unit includes the alignment controller and initiates the transfer of synchronization control. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that the base station controller coupled to the first and second base stations includes the alignment controller and initiates synchronization control transfer. 9. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that the alignment controller initiates synchronization control transfer, characterized in that the synchronization control transfer is based on at least one of the following criteria: (a) a metric of the transmission path between the subscriber unit and the base station that does not control the synchronization exceeding a threshold for a predetermined period of time, (b) a metric of the transmission path between the subscriber unit and the base station that does not control synchronization, which exceeds a relative threshold for a metric of a transmission path between the base station that controls the synchronization and the subscriber unit for a predetermined period of time, (c) a metric of the transmission path between the base station controlling the synchronization and the subscriber unit that decides below an absolute metric, and (d) ) a metric of the transmission path between the base station that does not control the synchronization and the subscriber unit, which It passes an absolute metric. The system as described in claim 9, characterized in that the metric includes at least one of the following: (a) power, (b) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), (c) variation of the power, (d) variation of the SNR, (e) between the orthogonally aligned trajectory trajectories aligned non-orthogonally between the given subscriber unit and the first and second base stations in relation to the proportion of the (i) power, ( ii) SNR, (iii) variation of the power, or (iv) variation of the SNR, (f) bit error rate, and (g) energy per fragment divided by the interference density (Ec / Io). 11. In a wireless communication system, a method for aligning code division multiple access reverse link (CDMA) signals, the method comprises: using a first base station, (i) receiving a signal having an orthogonal code unique from a subscriber unit given on a first reverse link, and (ii) determining an approximate synchronization deviation of the signal to return the essentially mutually orthogonal signal with signals from at least one of the subscriber unit on the first reverse link; by a second base station, (i) simultaneously receiving the signal having the unique orthogonal code from the given subscriber unit on a second reverse link, and (ii) determining an approximate synchronization deviation of the signal to return the signal essentially orthogonally to each other with signals from at least one of the subscriber unit on the second reverse link; and (i) causing the signal to be orthogonally aligned with the signals of at least one other subscriber unit either on the first reverse link or the second reverse link, and (ii) allowing the signal to be orthogonally deviated from the signals of at least one other Subscriber unit on the other reverse link. The method as described in claim 11, characterized in that in response to assigning responsibility for orthogonal alignment, the first or second synchronization controller reports the synchronization deviation to be provided to the subscriber unit in the form of a synchronization instruction or a synchronization message. The method as described in claim 11, characterized in that; (i) the first base station includes a first power controller for determining a first power level of the coded signal in a first base station, and (ii) the second base station includes a second power controller for determining a power level. second power level of the signal coded in the second base station, wherein each power controller provides feedback of the power level to a given subscriber unit in the form of a power instruction or a power message. 14. The method as described in claim 13, characterized in that the power level feedback from the first and second power controllers causes the given subscriber unit to increase its power level based on the smaller of the two feedback signals and decrease your power level based on the smaller of the two feedback signals. The method as described in claim 11, characterized in that the first base station includes an alignment controller and initiates synchronization control transfer. The method as described in claim 11, characterized in that the second base station includes' an alignment controller and initiates the transfer of synchronization control. The method as described in claim 11, characterized in that the subscriber unit includes an alignment controller and initiates the transfer of synchronization control. The method as described in claim 11, characterized in that a base station controller coupled to the first and second base stations includes an alignment controller and initiates the transfer of the synchronization control. 19. The method as described in claim 11, characterized in that the alignment controller initiates synchronization control transfer, wherein the synchronization control transfer is based on at least one of the following criteria: (a) a metric of the transmission path between the subscribing unit and the base station that does not control synchronization, which exceeds a threshold for a predetermined period of time, (b) a metric of the transmission path between the subscriber unit and the base station that does not control the synchronization exceeding a threshold in relation to a metric of a transmission path between the base station controlling the synchronization and the subscriber unit for a predetermined period of time, (c) a metric of the transmission path between the base station controlling the synchronization and the unit of the subscriber that decreases below an absolute metric and (d) a metric of the trajectory of the trans transmission between the base station that does not control the synchronization and the subscriber unit, which exceeds an absolute metric. The method as described in claim 19, characterized in that the metric includes at least one of the following: (a) power, (b) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), (c) power variation, (d) variation of the SNR, (e) between the orthogonally aligned path and orthogonally aligned paths between the given subscriber unit and the first and second stations of base in relation to the proportion of the (i) power, (ii) SNR, (iii) power variation, or (iv) variation of the SNR, (f) bit error rate, and (g) energy per fragment divided by the intensity of interference (Ec / Io). 21. In a wireless communication system, an apparatus for aligning code division multiple access reverse link (CDMA) signals, the apparatus comprises: at a first base station, (i) a means for receiving a signal having a unique orthogonal code from a given subscriber unit on a first reverse link, and (ii) a means for determining an approximate synchronization deviation of the signal to return the signal substantially orthogonally mutually orthogonally with signals from at least another subscriber unit on the first reverse link, at a second base station (i) a means for simultaneously receiving the signal having the unique orthogonal code from a given subscriber unit on a second reverse link, and (ii) a means to determine an approximate timing deviation of the signal to return to the signal essentially orthogonal mutually with signals from at least one other subscriber unit on the second reverse link; and (i) means for causing the signal to be "orthogonally aligned with the signals of at least one additional subscriber unit either on the first reverse link or the second reverse link and (ii) a means for enabling the signal is orthogonally deviated from the signals of at least one different subscriber unit on another reverse link 22. A base station for aligning CDMA reverse link channels, the base station comprises: an orthogonal channel receiver for receiving a signal encoded orthogonally from a subscriber unit on a reverse link, and a synchronization controller for causing synchronization adjustments approximate to the synchronization of the encoded signal in response to an instruction or message to reassign the synchronization control of the subscriber unit previously under control synchronization by another base station 23. In a base station, a method to align channels Inverse CDMA link, the method comprises: receiving an orthogonally encoded reverse link signal from a subscriber unit on a reverse link; in response to an instruction or message to reassign a link synchronization control Inverse of a subscriber unit previously under synchronization control by another base station, determine an approximate synchronization deviation of the encoded signal and cause the adjustment of approximate synchronization to the synchronization of the reverse link encoded signal. 24. A base station for aligning a reverse link channel CDMA, the base station comprises: means for receiving a unique orthogonally encoded reverse link signal from a subscriber unit on a reverse link; and a means for determining an approximate synchronization deviation of the encoded signal and for causing approximate synchronization adjustments to the synchronization of the encoded signal in response to a message to reassign a synchronization control of the subscriber unit previously under synchronization control by another base station. 25. A subscriber unit operating in a wireless network alignment of reverse link channels CDMA, the subscriber unit comprising: an orthogonal channel transmitter for transmitting a unique orthogonally encoded signal on a reverse link to a base station; and a synchronization adjustment unit for causing the approximate synchronization setting of the encoded signal in response to reception of a approximate synchronization deviation from the base station to return the mutually orthogonal encoded signal with encoded signals from at least one other subscriber unit on the reverse link with the base station. 26. In a subscriber unit operating in a wireless network, a method comprising: transmitting an orthogonally encoded signal, unique on a reverse link to a base station; and performing an approximate synchronization adjustment of the encoded signal in response to the reception of approximate synchronization deviation from the base station to return the encoded signal substantially orthogonally mutually with the signals encoded from at least one other subscriber unit on the reverse link with the base station. 27. A subscriber unit operating in a wireless network, comprising: means for transmitting an orthogonally encoded signal, unique on a reverse link to a base station; and a means for producing an approximate synchronization setting of the encoded signal in response to receiving an approximate synchronization deviation from the base station to return the mutually orthogonal encoded signal to signals coded from at least one other subscriber unit over the reverse link with the base station. 28. In a system that supports code division multiple access (CDMA) communications between members of a first group of terminals and between members of a second group of terminals, a method comprising: assigning to the first group of terminals a first code, each user of the first group is uniquely identifiable by a single code phase deviation; assigning to the second group of terminals the same code to that used by the first group but each user of the second group uses a common phase deviation of said code; assign each user of the second group an additional code, the additional code is unique for each of the terminals of the second group; and for a given member of the second group, determine the approximate timing deviation to align the given member with the other members of the second group. 29. A wireless communication system comprising a first set of access units and a second set of access units, the first set of access units and the second set of access units are capable of communicating with a central base station , the first set of access units uses a fragmentation rate coding code to separate its user channels, each individual unit of the first set of access units has at least a unique non-orthogonal coding sequence that is selected from a single time deviation of a longer pseudorandom noise sequence and a second group of access units: (i) they share a common scrambling rate coding code that is not used for the first group of access units; and (ii) it is capable of making approximate adjustments to the synchronization of the common fragmentation rate coding code.