MX356016B - Método de precodificación y transmisor. - Google Patents

Método de precodificación y transmisor.

Info

Publication number
MX356016B
MX356016B MX2015014850A MX2015014850A MX356016B MX 356016 B MX356016 B MX 356016B MX 2015014850 A MX2015014850 A MX 2015014850A MX 2015014850 A MX2015014850 A MX 2015014850A MX 356016 B MX356016 B MX 356016B
Authority
MX
Mexico
Prior art keywords
modulated signal
transmitter
coding method
coding weight
mapping
Prior art date
Application number
MX2015014850A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kimura Tomohiro
Murakami Yutaka
Ouchi Mikihiro
Original Assignee
Sun Patent Trust
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2010177310A external-priority patent/JP5512458B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2010275165A external-priority patent/JP5578618B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2010276456A external-priority patent/JP5578620B2/ja
Application filed by Sun Patent Trust filed Critical Sun Patent Trust
Priority claimed from PCT/JP2011/003384 external-priority patent/WO2011158496A1/ja
Publication of MX356016B publication Critical patent/MX356016B/es

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H04J11/0023Interference mitigation or co-ordination
    • H04J11/0026Interference mitigation or co-ordination of multi-user interference
    • H04J11/003Interference mitigation or co-ordination of multi-user interference at the transmitter
    • H04J11/0033Interference mitigation or co-ordination of multi-user interference at the transmitter by pre-cancellation of known interference, e.g. using a matched filter, dirty paper coder or Thomlinson-Harashima precoder
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0625Transmitter arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0631Receiver arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0637Properties of the code
    • H04L1/0643Properties of the code block codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03343Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03891Spatial equalizers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602Signal structure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H04L1/0003Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0071Use of interleaving
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/3405Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power
    • H04L27/3444Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power by applying a certain rotation to regular constellations
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/36Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
    • H04L27/366Arrangements for compensating undesirable properties of the transmission path between the modulator and the demodulator
    • H04L27/367Arrangements for compensating undesirable properties of the transmission path between the modulator and the demodulator using predistortion
    • H04L27/368Arrangements for compensating undesirable properties of the transmission path between the modulator and the demodulator using predistortion adaptive predistortion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT

Abstract

Se describe un método de transmisión que transmite simultáneamente una primera señal modulada y una segunda señal modulada en la misma frecuencia, en donde una unidad de multiplicación para ponderación da precodificación multiplica una señal de banda base después de una primera correlación y una señal de banda base después de una segunda correlación por una ponderación de precodificación, y da salida a la primera señal modulada y la segunda señal modulada, con la ponderación de precodificación siendo cambiada regularmente.
MX2015014850A 2010-06-17 2011-06-14 Método de precodificación y transmisor. MX356016B (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2010138532 2010-06-17
JP2010152503 2010-07-02
JP2010177310A JP5512458B2 (ja) 2010-06-17 2010-08-06 プリコーディング方法、プリコーディング装置、送信方法、送信装置、受信方法および受信装置
JP2010250331 2010-11-08
JP2010275165A JP5578618B2 (ja) 2010-11-08 2010-12-09 送信方法、送信装置、受信方法および受信装置
JP2010276456A JP5578620B2 (ja) 2010-12-10 2010-12-10 プリコーディング方法、送信装置
PCT/JP2011/003384 WO2011158496A1 (ja) 2010-06-17 2011-06-14 プリコーディング方法、送信装置

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
MX356016B true MX356016B (es) 2018-05-09

Family

ID=46552583

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
MX2015014850A MX356016B (es) 2010-06-17 2011-06-14 Método de precodificación y transmisor.
MX2012014548A MX2012014548A (es) 2010-06-17 2011-06-14 Metodo de precodificacion y transmisor.

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
MX2012014548A MX2012014548A (es) 2010-06-17 2011-06-14 Metodo de precodificacion y transmisor.

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (7) US8842772B2 (es)
EP (1) EP3032769B1 (es)
KR (1) KR101375064B1 (es)
CN (3) CN105162501B (es)
ES (2) ES2651485T3 (es)
MX (2) MX356016B (es)
TW (1) TWI511484B (es)

Families Citing this family (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101967252B1 (ko) 2010-12-10 2019-04-10 선 페이턴트 트러스트 송신장치
JP5984062B2 (ja) 2011-02-18 2016-09-06 サン パテント トラスト 信号生成方法及び信号生成装置
EP3301837B1 (en) * 2011-02-21 2023-07-05 Sun Patent Trust Precoding method, precoding device
EP2701327A4 (en) 2011-04-19 2015-03-11 Panasonic Ip Corp America PRE-CODING METHOD AND PRE-CODING DEVICE
CN103503351B (zh) 2011-04-19 2016-08-17 松下电器(美国)知识产权公司 接收装置及其接收方法
US8811545B2 (en) * 2011-11-08 2014-08-19 Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. Method for reducing interference in OFDM wireless networks
EP2930871B1 (en) * 2012-12-07 2018-03-07 Sun Patent Trust Signal generation method, transmission device, reception method, and reception device
US9281881B2 (en) 2013-02-12 2016-03-08 Texas Instruments Incorporated 4TX codebook enhancement in LTE
EP2985966B1 (en) * 2013-04-12 2017-06-07 Sun Patent Trust Transmission apparatus
CN103685084B (zh) * 2013-12-23 2016-07-27 北京经纬恒润科技有限公司 一种生成数据帧的方法及装置
JPWO2015162886A1 (ja) 2014-04-24 2017-04-13 パナソニック インテレクチュアル プロパティ コーポレーション オブ アメリカPanasonic Intellectual Property Corporation of America 送信装置
US9258829B1 (en) * 2014-09-30 2016-02-09 Texas Instruments Incorporated System and method for collision rate reduction in MIMO narrowband power line communications
CN105811105B (zh) * 2014-12-29 2019-02-26 中国电信股份有限公司 有源阵列天线、基站和传输系统
WO2017014591A1 (en) * 2015-07-23 2017-01-26 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus, receiving apparatus, and control methods thereof
US10164752B2 (en) * 2015-10-23 2018-12-25 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Dynamic precoding of shared reference signals
CN106936479B (zh) * 2015-12-28 2021-04-09 电信科学技术研究院 一种广播信息传输方法及装置
TWI612787B (zh) * 2016-05-02 2018-01-21 瑞昱半導體股份有限公司 最大可能性偵測器
WO2018088462A1 (ja) * 2016-11-10 2018-05-17 株式会社ラック 通信制御装置、通信制御方法およびプログラム
US10090893B2 (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-10-02 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Frequency division multiple antenna distribution
CN107017927B (zh) * 2017-02-28 2020-04-03 东南大学 一种大规模mimo系统中基站dac精度配置方法
EP3624375A4 (en) * 2017-06-15 2020-06-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation TRANSMITTER, RECEIVER AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
US10623533B2 (en) 2018-01-12 2020-04-14 Marvell Asia Pte, Ltd. Methods and apparatus for generation of physical layer protocol data units
KR102110538B1 (ko) 2018-02-28 2020-05-13 엘지전자 주식회사 신호 처리 장치 및 이를 구비하는 영상표시장치
CN111245560B (zh) * 2018-11-29 2024-01-05 华为技术有限公司 数据发送的方法及装置
CN110299925B (zh) * 2019-05-28 2021-07-30 西南电子技术研究所(中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所) 数字接收机并行模块数据错位重构方法
CN112333812B (zh) * 2020-11-30 2022-09-13 紫光展锐(重庆)科技有限公司 数据传输方法、设备、装置及存储介质

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1883145B (zh) 2003-11-21 2010-12-08 松下电器产业株式会社 多天线接收装置、多天线接收方法、多天线发送装置以及多天线通信系统
KR101124932B1 (ko) 2005-05-30 2012-03-28 삼성전자주식회사 어레이 안테나를 이용하는 이동 통신 시스템에서의 데이터송/수신 장치 및 방법
US9106296B2 (en) 2006-12-19 2015-08-11 Qualcomm Incorporated Beam space time coding and transmit diversity
WO2008088066A1 (ja) * 2007-01-19 2008-07-24 Panasonic Corporation マルチアンテナ送信装置、マルチアンテナ受信装置、マルチアンテナ送信方法、マルチアンテナ受信方法、端末装置及び基地局装置
US8422581B2 (en) 2007-01-19 2013-04-16 Panasonic Corporation Multi-antenna transmission device, multi-antenna reception device, multi-antenna transmission method, multi-antenna reception method, terminal device, and base station device
EP2111696A2 (en) 2007-02-06 2009-10-28 QUALCOMM Incorporated Apparatus and method for mimo transmission with explicit and implicit cyclic delays
WO2008132825A1 (ja) * 2007-04-20 2008-11-06 Panasonic Corporation 無線送信装置、無線受信装置およびブロック構成方法
TWI446740B (zh) * 2007-04-30 2014-07-21 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv 在多重輸出入背景中的通信方法
JP2009055228A (ja) * 2007-08-24 2009-03-12 Sony Corp 無線通信システム、無線通信装置及び無線通信方法
KR20090030200A (ko) 2007-09-19 2009-03-24 엘지전자 주식회사 위상천이 기반의 프리코딩을 이용한 데이터 송수신 방법 및이를 지원하는 송수신기
JP2009171155A (ja) 2008-01-15 2009-07-30 Panasonic Corp マルチアンテナ送信方法及びマルチアンテナ送信装置
US8483134B2 (en) 2008-06-17 2013-07-09 Panasonic Corporation Radio transmission appratus and radio transmission method that switch between communication methods
BR112013007790A2 (pt) * 2010-10-01 2017-10-10 Interdigital Patent Holdings Inc método e dispositivo para transmissão de piloto em múltiplas antenas
US9031018B2 (en) * 2011-11-15 2015-05-12 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ.) Methods selecting modulation/coding schemes mapped to multiple MIMO layers and related user equipment
WO2015002502A1 (en) * 2013-07-05 2015-01-08 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitter and signal transmitting method thereof
EP3514979A1 (en) * 2014-07-30 2019-07-24 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Method for measuring downlink channel quality, transmit end, receive end, and system
CA2970121C (en) * 2014-12-12 2022-05-31 Sony Corporation Transmitter and receiver using channel bundling
WO2016144004A1 (ko) * 2015-03-09 2016-09-15 엘지전자 주식회사 방송 신호 송신 장치, 방송 신호 수신 장치, 방송 신호 송신 방법, 및 방송 신호 수신 방법
KR102615658B1 (ko) * 2015-06-22 2023-12-20 삼성전자주식회사 다중 사용자 중첩 전송 방법 및 장치
DE102017214624A1 (de) 2017-08-22 2019-02-28 Audi Ag Verfahren zum Filtern von über eine Kommunikationsverbindung eingehenden Kommunikationsdaten in einer Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung, Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung und Kraftfahrzeug

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3032769B1 (en) 2017-09-13
US20130089164A1 (en) 2013-04-11
KR20130038288A (ko) 2013-04-17
US11177864B2 (en) 2021-11-16
MX2012014548A (es) 2013-02-07
US10707930B2 (en) 2020-07-07
US8842772B2 (en) 2014-09-23
TWI511484B (zh) 2015-12-01
CN105162501B (zh) 2018-04-27
US20210105048A1 (en) 2021-04-08
ES2651485T3 (es) 2018-01-26
TW201218664A (en) 2012-05-01
US20140348257A1 (en) 2014-11-27
US20160248490A1 (en) 2016-08-25
US9729217B2 (en) 2017-08-08
CN102986155A (zh) 2013-03-20
US10291304B2 (en) 2019-05-14
ES2567273T3 (es) 2016-04-21
KR101375064B1 (ko) 2014-03-17
CN104967501A (zh) 2015-10-07
CN104967501B (zh) 2018-07-24
US9843368B2 (en) 2017-12-12
US20190207659A1 (en) 2019-07-04
EP3032769A1 (en) 2016-06-15
US20180062714A1 (en) 2018-03-01
US9362996B2 (en) 2016-06-07
CN102986155B (zh) 2015-09-02
US20170155436A1 (en) 2017-06-01
CN105162501A (zh) 2015-12-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
MX356016B (es) Método de precodificación y transmisor.
PH12018501182A1 (en) Precoding method, and transmitting device
PH12017501410A1 (en) Method of signal generation and signal generation device
WO2011084009A3 (en) Method and apparatus for mapping/demapping resource in wireless communication system
EP2909918A4 (en) WIRELESS POWER TRANSMITTERS AND RECEIVERS, AND METHOD FOR WIRELESS POWER RECEIVER TO BE CHARGED WITH WIRELESS POWER TRANSMITTER
MX2018005650A (es) Metodo de precodificacion y transmisor.
MX2019004915A (es) Metodo de generacion de señales y dispositivo de generacion de señales.
WO2013173251A3 (en) Wireless transmission with channel state perturbation
PL2870801T3 (pl) Nadajnik do przesyłania sygnałów wykrywania, odbiornik i zawarte w nich sposoby
EP2605417B8 (en) Distributed computation of precoding weights for coordinated multipoint transmission on the downlink
WO2013066083A3 (ko) 제어채널 모니터링 방법 및 무선기기
WO2012168926A3 (en) Receiver, transmitter and a method for digital multiple sub-band processing
AR084168A1 (es) Metodo y aparato de generacion de señales
WO2011104502A3 (en) Enhanced spatial modulation
EP2779560A4 (en) TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING METHODS, TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER
WO2013184671A3 (en) Pilot sequence with reduced papr
AP2012006572A0 (en) Transmitter, receiver and methods for downlink control signalling
GB2492605B (en) Receiver
GB2534521A (en) Power transmitting apparatus, power receiving apparatus, control methods therefor, program, and computer-readable storage medium
EP2663000A4 (en) Transmitter, receiver, transmission method, and reception method
EP2710707C0 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TRANSMITTING ENERGY FOR COMMUNICATION WITH AN ENERGY RECEIVING DEVICE
MX2013001927A (es) Aparato inalambrico de comunicacion, sistema inalambrico de comunicacion, metodo inalambrico de comunicacion, y programa
WO2011123422A3 (en) Legacy operations in a mu mimo wireless network
EP2603004A4 (en) TRANSMITTER, TRANSMISSION METHOD AND RECEIVER
EP2600619A4 (en) TRANSMITTER, TRANSMITTING METHOD AND RECEIVER