MX2014001029A - Three-dimensional printer with orthogonal supports. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention refers to a three-dimensional printer performing a successive deposition of layers of solidified material, which has a mechanism for attenuating the systematic error in the position of the printing head caused by the torque of the engines; where the mechanism consists in a flat bed with horizontal bidirectional movement in a single Cartesian axis on which the item is printed, a printing head being supported over two parallel horizontal bars which are simultaneously supported by a couple of lateral supports moved in a vertical plane, the vertical movement being controlled by two twin engines that raise, by a worm mechanism, the couple of lateral supports, where the horizontal motion of the printing head and the flat bed are controlled by conveyor mechanisms that move the printing head and the flat bed in a bidirectional movement, respectively.

Description

THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTER WITH SUPPORT SYSTEM ORTOGONAL.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: Technical field of invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional printer or object printer by successive deposition of solidifiable layers to generate a volume by the incremental addition of material, starting from the bottom up.

Background of the invention: Three-dimensional printers or 3D printers basically have a print head that deposits a solidifiable material which hardens or dries and forms a solid together with the material on which it is deposited. In another type of 3D printing systems, it is spread over the top of the material object in desired places and subsequently said material melts, solidifies, sinters on the object, forming a single body with the object on which the material is deposited; in some cases a curing or hardening process by applying heat or light is required. In these types of 3D printing they involve a relative movement between the object to be printed and the print head of the printer. This relative movement must be controlled independently in three orthogonal linear directions. Normally, the print head moves on a horizontal plane formed by two orthogonal axes, while a platform where the object to be formed is moved in a vertical direction. The other option is that the axes on which the print head is located, change their position on a vertical plane and can ascend as the volume of the object to be formed increases.

The 3D printer appeared in the middle in the 90s in the 20th century. In practice, the 3D printer is a rapid molding device by adopting light curing, stacking and similar technologies. A working principle of The 3D printer is basically the same as a normal printer. Materials for printing are arranged in the printer, the materials for printing are liquid or powder and the like. After the printer is connected to the computer, the materials for printing are stacked layer by layer through a control by means of a computer, and finally a computer model becomes a material object. Rapid molding dentologies in the three-dimensional printing market are divided into: FDM fusion molding technique, three-dimensional SLA printing planographic technique, SLS laser sintering seal technique, DLP laser molding technique, UV curing technique (UV) and ray molding technique and the like. At present, the 3D printing method is used in the automotive industry, die processing industry, medical treatments (construction of prostheses) and the like.

A problem with these types of systems is that they require at least three independently controlled servomotors and three independent orthogonal guides to control the movement of the motor. Another problem is that the motors or guides need to be controlled to move forward or backward repeatedly, which implies that the motors must turn clockwise or in the opposite direction alternately, generating a source of error in the relative position of the print head and consequently in the object to be formed. To compensate for this error it is necessary that the motor repeatedly directs the printhead to a starting point causing additional wear to the positioning components.

To improve the performance of three-dimensional printers using a positioning system based on three orthogonal axes, a mechanism was developed that allows the movement of the print head on a horizontal plane formed by two of the axes of displacement of the print head that minimizes vibrations and torsional moments that cause positioning errors. For this, he designed a piece that allows each one of the horizontal positioning motors are in a position orthogonal to the positioning axis.

Patent of the United States US 7291002 B2. The invention relates to an apparatus and methods for producing three-dimensional objects and auxiliary systems used as a whole for the production of three-dimensional objects. The methods and the apparatus involve radial printing on a circular and / or rotary table using multiple print heads. The auxiliary systems refer to the supply of the material for the formation of objects, cleaning of the printing heads, diagnosis and monitoring of the operation of the equipment.

In this invention, the positioning of the print heads is radial.

Chinese patent application CN1127557. It refers to a three-dimensional printer that uses a beam splitter or a mirror to form a reflected image that is a real image of the specular image exposed on the print material. A matrix of CCD detectors is placed in the plane of the reflected image to control the registration of the key-object. The beam splitter is physically linked to the print media cassette so that the CCD detector array shares the same projected image that is exposed in the print material regardless of the print position. With this approach, the CCD array of detectors can directly detect any misalignment due to mechanical errors or distortion / aberration of the projection lens.

The Chinese patent application CN103112166. The application only refers to a simplified system for feeding the print material from a reel, to the print head, using a motor and a flexible arrow.

The invention relates to a new three-dimensional printer frame consisting of a printer body, a rotating work platform, and print heads. The new frame is characterized by a rotating lower work platform carrying a printing material that rotates; a group of print heads placed at the top end, can make a movement alternative to move the print head while the frame rotates, so that all the surface of the turntable can be covered by the combination of the movement of the print heads and the turntable. A plurality of print heads are mounted on the upper end to distribute a radial pattern by adopting the lower platform as the center. Therefore, a plurality of printing work surfaces can be formed to print at the same time. The printing speed is multiplied, and a series of heads can work at the same time, so that different colors or materials can be printed at the same time.

The printing system is radial and the object to be printed is rotated on a circular platform.

China patent application CN103171152 The invention describes a printing head structure of a three-dimensional (3D) printer. The structure of the print head comprises a cover forming the head, a guide rail for the print head and a sliding rail in the form of a sliding screw for the print head, in which the sliding rail of the head of printing and the guide rail are arranged in parallel; both sides of the cover of the print head are fixedly connected to a printhead holder respectively; the print head holder is disposed on the guide rail of the print head and the threaded slide bar of the print head; The print head holders are threadedly connected to the printhead sliding bar; the end of the slide bar of the print head is connected to the motor of the slide bar of the print head, wherein the motor rotates the rope of the slide bar of the print head; a filling groove and a groove of coating material are formed inside the cover of the print head; a linear output of impression material is formed in each of the output slots of impression material and coating material and both outputs are respectively perpendicular to the slide bar of the print head. The formation speed of the formation head structure of the 3D printer is higher than in the previous two techniques.

This is the closest state of the art found, as it uses threaded guide and slide bars, placed in parallel, but the motor shaft is aligned with the slide bar, which with the repetitive movement of forward and reverse can generate inaccuracies at the time of displacement and therefore requires a continuous position adjustment.

Chinese utility model CN202192761 U.

The invention relates to a 3D printing system that additionally has arms for polishing the lateral surfaces of the formed object and a rotating table on which the object formed is located allowing its rotation and exposure of the surfaces to be polished. A pair of vertical frames placed on the sides of the machine are responsible for supporting a rail perpendicular to both frames through which the print head slides, driven by a motor placed on the print head (displacement on the X axis) that rotates an endless screw mechanism, while a pair of motors placed at the ends of the rail perpendicular to both frames, facilitates the movement in a horizontal and opposite direction (Y axis) to the first movement.

European patent application EP0426363 A2. The invention shows an apparatus for creating three-dimensional objects and incorporates a mobile printing head provided with a material that solidifies at a predetermined temperature, a base member which moves relative to one another, along the axes (X ), (Y) and (Z) in a given pattern to create a three-dimensional object by deposition of material discharged from the movable head on the base member at a controlled rate.

The three-dimensional object can be produced by the repeated deposition of layers of solidifiable material until the object is formed. Each base layer is defined by the previous layer, and each thickness is defined and closely controlled by the height at which the nozzle of the print head is located on the preceding layer.

This system uses a cardinal positioning, the object to be formed being placed on a plate that has movement on the axes (X) and (Y), but not on the axis (Z), where the height is controlled by a mechanism that elevates the print head. The motors that allow the displacement of the print head, are aligned with the axes of movement.

Spanish patent application ES2404730 A2. The invention provides a three-dimensional printer having a print head through which a solidifiable melt is extruded; a work table on which the three-dimensional piece is formed by deposition of material; and mechanical means for moving said head and said table relative to each other in three dimensions according to the coordinate axes X, Y and Z. The machine is characterized in that said mechanical means comprise a crossbar arranged horizontally along the Y axis including means for actuation and guidance to move horizontally of the printhead along the Y axis; first and second columns arranged vertically perpendicular to the axis Y along the axis Z; and a beam arranged horizontally perpendicular to the Y and Z axes forming the X axis, said beam being placed and joined below a work table that moves horizontally on the X axis.

Although this system is somewhat similar to the system that has been proposed, it uses as actuators motors that are aligned to an endless screw that is fastened at the end opposite the motor to fix its position and additionally, the supports have an element that keeps them fixed to a gutter that serves as a guide for the movement of the supports that hold both the crossbar, the displacement head and the work table. Above mentioned channels, the corresponding supports that support the crosspiece on the Y axis move, those that attach to the print head and those that attach to the work table.

As in other inventions, the position of the actuator motors generates torque on the print head and causes an error to occur due to vibrations that affect the position of the print head, forcing a constant repositioning of the head of printing in its initial position.

Additionally, the position of the motors aligned with the threaded axes, forces to increase the necessary dimensions to protect the printer components in a suitable housing, leaving much internal space unused.

The document does not cease to be relevant as an ancestor of the proposed invention, but it does not solve the problem of space or vibrations.

Patent application GB2502116 A. The invention comprises a three-dimensional printer and guide means for the print head. It has two guide means consisting of a first disk that rotates and moves inside the upper perimeter of a cylinder, said means being supported on a support base that allows the print head to travel over the entire surface of a printing table that is fixed to the base of the cylinder.

The guide means are adapted to control a first and second components of relative horizontal movement of the print head and the support base respectively to provide a guide for a non-linear horizontal path; and means for controlling vertical movement. The first and second components of horizontal relative movement of the printhead and base are non-orthogonal; the first guide means pivot about a vertical axis to provide a first component of movement of an arc coaxial with the first vertical axis and the second guide means adapted to affect the radial position of the print head with respect to the first vertical axis . Preferably the guiding route should be epicycloid, hypocycloid, epitrocoid, hypotrocoid or spiral.

The United States patent application US2005 / 0280185 A1. The invention also refers to axes arranged on a Cartesian space, the arrows of the motors that elevate the horizontal plane, arranged in parallel with the vertical and coupled with a mechanism for the transmission of movement. In this invention the work surface is fixed and the print head moves along a horizontal crossbeam that maintains a relative movement to the first movement, both movements being executed on the horizontal plane, while the plane formed by the horizontal supports can rise on four posts placed at the corners of the apparatus.

U.S. Patent Application US2013 / 0209600 A1, discloses a system and method for using a multi-axis material deposition tool. Although the invention is more oriented to the printing materials and the cartridge carrying the printing material, a system of perpendicular axes (X, Y) forming a horizontal plane is seen, where the print head is supported on two bars , a first system of bars that are the guide bar and a second bar that is the slide bar, while pair of horizontal bars located perpendicular to those of the first bar system serve as support for the first bar system and also as a means of sliding perpendicular to the first movement of the printhead. In this system, the horizontal plane is the one that moves vertically (axis D, in order to give volume to the object in formation.

The International application WO 2013/075836 A1. It refers to a mechanism similar to those previously described, where the horizontal table has the movements in the plane formed by the axes (X, Y), while the one support arm is responsible for varying the height of the print head for obtain the height of the three-dimensional shape of the object to be formed.

Reviewing the background, a system of supports for the print head was not found in the same set supporting the motor, while allowing the passage of the orthogonal axes favoring a displacement in a vertical plane, with the motors that are responsible for the displacement of the head placed in a position orthogonal to the displacement axis corresponding, minimizing vibrations and optimizing the space inside the housing of the three-dimensional printer.

Description of figures Figure 1 is a side view of the three-dimensional printer showing the head support.

Figure 2 is a front view of the three-dimensional printer showing the arrangement of the supports.

Figure 3 is a top view showing the supports and the lateral displacement motor of the head.

Figure 4 is a side view of the parts that make up the left support.

Figures 5a, is a side view of the upper part of the left lateral support Figures 5b, is a top perspective view of the upper part of the left lateral support Figures 5c is a view in a bottom perspective of the upper part of the left lateral support Figure 6a is a side view of the lower part of the left lateral support Figure 6b is a bottom perspective view of the lower part of the left lateral support Figure 6c is a front perspective view of the lower part of the left lateral support Figure 6d is a rear perspective view of the lower part of the left lateral support Figure 7 is a side view of the right side support composed of two parts.

Figure 8a is a view of the upper part of the right lateral support Figure 8b is a perspective view of the upper part of the right lateral support Figure 8c is a bottom perspective view of the upper part of the right lateral support.

Figure 9a is a bottom perspective view of the lower part of the right lateral support.

Figure 9b is a top front perspective of the lower part of the right lateral support Figure 9c is a rear top perspective of the lower part of the right lateral support.

Detailed description of the invention.

The present invention relates to a three-dimensional printer of rigid bodies by deposition of material in successive layers, wherein once deposited the material, hardens, either by cooling or solidification. In this type of printers, the use of a Cartesian system for positioning the print head is common and there are three systems for the positioning and movement of the head; in the first of the three positioning systems, the object is formed on a flat bed that modifies its height, usually descending so that the head can deposit the material in subsequent layers moving on a horizontal plane; in the second positioning system, the object is formed on a flat bed that moves in a single direction (usually the Y axis), while the head is the one that moves in a vertical plane making lateral movements on the X axis and verticals on the Y axis; finally in a third positioning system, the The head moves on a horizontal plane that can be raised in consecutive movements to deposit subsequent layers of material on the object to be formed, in such a way that the head moves on a horizontal plane, which descends as it is required to deposit each of them. the subsequent layers.

In all these systems, there is a systematic mismatch due to the torque generated by the motors that are responsible for the horizontal movement of the print head, since they must move the head repeatedly in both directions of the shaft causing sudden vibrations and highs that misalign the position of the head and forces the head to return systematically to the point of origin to readjust its position in the coordinate (0,0). Additionally, the motors are preferably placed aligned with each of the axes on which the displacement will be made, which forces the manufacturers to increase the dimensions of the equipment to protect the engines.

To avoid this type of inconveniences, a set of supports for motors was developed that are placed in a position transverse to the vertical axis With reference to figure 1, the three-dimensional printer is shown, where some of the most important components for the present invention are seen: base of the three-dimensional printer (1), which supports a flat bed (2) mobile in a single Cartesian axis (Y axis) where the object will be formed, one of the two vertical motors (3) to move vertically (axis D the head support (4) by means of an endless screw (5), a left lateral support for the third motor (X axis) (6) that controls the horizontal movement of the head on the X axis and that in addition to holding a vertical bar (7) that serves as a guide, also holds the endless screw (5) that is responsible for the vertical movement To maintain the necessary stability and rigidity, a support frame (8) is used which is located behind the vertical plane of movement of the head (9), said support frame (8) is a rigid frame and is formed by two vertical poles (10) joined at their lower end ior to the base of the printer (1) and at its end top joined by an upper horizontal structure (11) that closes the frame. To this upper horizontal structure, the vertical bars (7) are also joined and fastened by bushings the upper ends of the endless screws (5), in such a way that they can rotate freely.

Figure 2 shows a front view of the 3D printer where it can be seen that from the center outward placed on the sides of the base of the printer (1), first vertical posts (10), in second, the endless screws (5), which at their lower end are coupled to a vertical motor (3) that transfers the movement to the endless screws (5) to make them turn; to the sides of the endless screws (5) furthest from the base, there are the vertical bars (7) that serve as a guide for the vertical movement of the left lateral (12) and right lateral (13) supports; joining both the vertical bars (7) and vertical posts (10), is the upper horizontal structure (11) that gives stability and structural rigidity to the whole. From the same figure 2, it can be seen that both the endless screws (5) and the vertical bars (7) pass through the left lateral support (12) and the right lateral support (13); in the left lateral support (12), it is possible to appreciate the position of the third motor (6), whose axis is perpendicular to both the vertical bars (7) and worm (5) that are parallel, as well as the horizontal bars ( 14) that also pass through the left (12) and right (13) side supports; and on the horizontal bars (14) is where the print head (9) rests horizontally (axis X) moved by a band (15) that is driven by the third motor (6); while, in the right lateral support (13) is the pulley (not shown) that holds the band (15). The base (1) of the printer serves as a support for the flat bed (2) that only has the possibility of moving forward or backward (Y axis), being the cause of said displacement a fourth motor (16) whose axis is perpendicular to the movement of the flat bed (2), wherein the fourth motor (16) moves a spinning pulley which in turn moves a band (not shown) that at the front end of the base (1) is held by a idler pulley and at the other end by a turning pulley driven by said fourth engine (16); additionally, the flat bed (2) moves on two horizontal rails (17) and parallel to the direction of movement (Y axis).

Figure 3 shows a top view of the three-dimensional printer in which only the upper horizontal structure (11) is seen where the vertical bars (7) and the worm screws (5) are secured to the sides; it is also possible to see the flat bed (2) moved backwards, leaving the horizontal rails (17) visible, and on the sides, the left (12) and right (13) side supports can be seen, the third motor (6) being mounted on the side. the front part of the left side support (12). It is also possible to observe on the right side, the right lateral support (13).

The 3D printer developed has a total of four motors in order to shape an object that requires volume. The fourth motor (16) is placed in a direction parallel to the front line of the 3D printer and by means of a turning pulley, it is loaded to move the flat bed (2) from front to back and vice versa. A pair of vertical (3) twin motors placed on the sides of the printer are those that are responsible for rotating a pair of screws (5), which turn inside a nut placed inside each one. of the left (12) and right (13) lateral supports causes the upward movement. The displacement on the X axis is caused by a third motor (6) placed on the left lateral support (12) and the axis of the third motor (6) rotates a pulley that moves laterally on the X axis to the print head (9). ). All the motors can turn clockwise or counterclockwise, in such a way that the movement in each of the axes is carried out in both directions.

The lateral supports are a fundamental part of the developed three-dimensional printer, and each one is described below.

The left lateral support (12) shown in figure 4 is formed by two parts, a first upper left part (18) and a first lower left part (19). Both sides have a face between them with similar geometry that it allows that when the first upper left part (18) is placed on the first lower left part (19) adjacently, they are coupled, forming a single body that is crossed by a first horizontal passage (20) and a second horizontal passage (twenty-one).

The upper left part (18) (figure 5a) is made up of three sections which, to be seen and viewed from the side, are a first upper section (22), a first middle section (23) and a first lower section (24).

Seen from the side, the first upper section (22) is a section inclined 45 degrees to the left with respect to the vertical, with a flat bottom face, at the upper end of which has a first vertical surface (25) adjacent, smaller in size which projects vertically forming an interior angle of 135 degrees with the surface of the first upper section (22); on the underside of the first upper section (22) and next to the first vertical surface (25), a first horizontal channel (26) for the passage of the first horizontal bar (14) crosses the lower surface from side to side; forming an interior angle of 135 degrees with the first section is defined first middle section (23), such that said first middle section (23) remains in vertical position, with both sides smooth and at the lower end of said first middle section , again at an angle of 135 degrees, initiates the first lower section (24), having on the inner side a second horizontal channel (27) for a second horizontal bar (14) with the end edges of said first lower section being rounded (24). ). In all cases, the angle described is the interior angle formed by the surfaces of the respective sections.

Figure 5b shows the upper face of the first upper section (22), where a pair of first through holes (28) transversely aligned passing horizontally through said first section (22), having exit from the other side of the body in the first vertical surface (25). A pair of second through holes (29) placed behind the first through holes (28) traverse the first upper section (22) at an angle of 45 degrees downward with respect to the first through holes (28), and behind these seconds Through holes (29), aligned in the same way, a pair of first larger holes (30) of greater diameter vertically cross said first upper section (22) at an angle of 45 with the second through holes (29), in such a way that between the first through holes (28) and the first larger holes (30) there is an angle of 90 degrees downwards; half of the outlet of said first larger holes (30) (Figure 5c) is located at the lower end of the inner face of the first upper section (22), while the other half forms a vertical semicircular channel that traverses from above down to the first middle section (23), in such a way that the first middle section (23) has two vertical channels that cross it from end to end, being from outside to inside a first vertical channel (31) for the passage of a first vertical bar (7) that serves as a guide to the displacement of the support as a whole, while the second vertical channel (32) serves for the passage of a first endless screw (5); at the upper end of the first upper section (22) on the lower side, a first horizontal channel (26) crosses said section from side to side, the first horizontal channel (26) being located above the outlet of the second holes interns (29). At the ends of the second vertical channel (32) which is used for the passage of the worm (5), there is a first cavity (33) and second cavity (34) preferably in the form of a semi-hexagonal or any other channel. another geometry, in such a way that when coupling the upper left part (18) and the lower left part (19) of the left lateral support (12), a suitable hexagonal prism is formed at each end of the channel (32) to hold a prisoner an element with internal thread as a nut (not shown). On the upper side of the first lower section (24) the through holes (35) of the first lower section (24) are seen aligned in pairs one after the other, while on the inner side of said third lower section (24). ), the outlet of the mentioned vertical channels can be seen, the exit of the through holes (35) of the lower section and a second horizontal semi-cylindrical transversal channel (27) located between the exit of the four through holes (35) passing through said first lower section (24) to allow the passage of a second horizontal guide bar (14) for the displacement of the printhead (9). Additionally on the upper face of the first upper section (22), it has an eyebrow (36) projecting laterally towards the outside and rearward of the surface of the first upper section (22); on the eyebrow (36) there is an end-of-stroke switch that is used to take the printer to a starting point during each start of work.

With reference to figure 6a, the lower left part (19) of the left lateral support (12) which side view is composed of the same three sections, namely a second upper section (37), a second middle section is observed (38) and a second lower section (39). The second upper section (Figure 6b) is a first housing (40) in the form of a parallelepiped with a rectangular base that lacks an interior face; has a circular window (41) on the front face to allow the passage of the arrow and drive components into the interior of the first housing (40); the lower surface (Figure 6b) has a horizontal projection extending towards the front beyond the body of the housing (40) forming a horizontal support (42) for the third motor (6), and perpendicular to the surplus of the length of the lower surface a guard wall (43) is raised to protect the third motor (6), additionally the lower surface at its rear end presents a pair of through holes (35) at 45 degrees starting at said bottom surface and traversing the lower left part (19) of the left lateral support (12) having an exit in a plane inclined at 135 degrees (with respect to the vertical) which forms the upper surface of the second middle section (38) and below the third horizontal channel (44) ), facilitating the passage of connecting elements with the upper left part (18) of the left lateral support (12); the rear surface of the housing (40) has a pair of through holes (35) for the passage of fasteners with the upper left (18) of the left lateral support (12), is discontinuous on its external face and half of the height starts -with a surface inclined 135 degrees with the vertical-, the second middle section (38) of said lower left part (19) of the left lateral support (12), with the inclined surface previously referred to, that keeps an angle of 135 degrees with respect to the vertical and that begins with a third horizontal channel (44) that crosses said second middle section (38) from side to side; the second middle section (38) on its lower face forms an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the lower surface of the housing and is completely smooth and continuous.

In Figure 6c, the exit of the through holes (35) below the third horizontal channel (44) is seen in the upper surface; With regard to the same figure 6c, it can be seen that the rear surface of the first housing (40) is continuous up to half its height, from where it is projected in a plane inclined at 135 degrees with respect to the vertical starting the surface of the second middle section (38) that starts with a third horizontal channel (44) and below said horizontally aligned channel is the outlet of the through holes (35); in the upper surface (figure 6d) of the face of the second middle section (38) two semicircular canals are observed, which from left to right the first of them corresponds to a fourth vertical channel (46) 15 semicircular for the passage of the screw endless (5) having at its ends a form of a semi hexagonal prism to hold together with its counterpart a hexagonal nut and the second vertical channel corresponds to a third vertical channel (45) for the passage of a vertical bar (7) passing through said second middle section (38); to one side of said third vertical channel (45), both channels having outlet 20 by the lower surface of the second lower section (39) and before the four through-holes (35) for the passage of fasteners with the upper part left (18) of the left lateral support (13); In addition between the four holes of passages (35), a fourth horizontal channel (47) for supporting the second horizontal bar (14) crosses the second lower section (39) from side to side.

The right lateral support (figure 7), like its counterpart, consists of two parts that are a right upper part (48) and a lower right part (49). Both sections have a face between them with a similar geometry that allows that when placing both parts in an adjacent way, they fit together, forming a single body that is crossed by a third horizontal passage (50), a fourth horizontal passage (51), a third vertical passage (52) and a fourth vertical passage (53).

Side view, (figure 8a) shows the upper right part (48) where the third upper section (54) is observed; it is a section inclined 45 degrees to the left with respect to the vertical, with a flat bottom face, at the upper end of which has a second adjacent surface (55) of smaller size that projects vertically upwards forming an interior angle of 135 degrees with the surface of the third upper section (54), on the lower face of the third upper section (54) and adjacent to the vertical surface, a fifth horizontal channel (56) for the passage of a horizontal bar (14) that it traverses from side to side the lower surface of said third upper section (54); forming an interior angle of 135 degrees with the third upper section (54), third middle section (57) is defined, such that said third middle section (57) remains in vertical position and at the lower end of said third middle section , again at an angle of 135 degrees, initiates the third lower section (58), which has on the internal face a sixth horizontal channel (59) for the passage of a second horizontal bar (14); all the vertices being rounded off at the end of said third lower section (58). In all cases, the angle described is the interior angle formed by the surfaces of the respective sections.

Figure 8b shows a perspective view of the upper face of the upper right part (48), wherein in the third upper section (54), a pair of first through holes (28) transversely aligned transversely traversing said third upper section are seen. (54) with an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the inclined surface, having outlet from the other side of the body of the second vertical adjacent surface (55). A pair of second through holes (29) placed behind the first through holes (28) pass through the third upper section (54) at an angle of 45 degrees downwards with respect to the first through holes (28) and perpendicularly with respect to to the surface of said third upper section (54); behind these second through holes (29), aligned in the same way, a pair of second larger holes (60) of greater diameter vertically cross said third upper section (54) at an angle of 45 with the second through holes (29), in such a way that between the first through holes (29) and the second larger holes (60) there is an angle of 90 degrees downwards; half of the outlet of said second larger orifices (Figure 8c) is located at the lower end of the inner face of the third upper section (54), while the other half forms a semicircular channel that traverses vertically from end to end. third middle section (57), in such a way that the third middle section (57) has two vertical channels that cross it from end to end, with a fifth vertical channel (61) for the passage of a second endless screw (5) , while the sixth vertical channel (62) is for the passage of a second vertical bar (14) that serves as a guide to the vertical displacement of the support as a whole; on the lower face, at the upper end of the third upper section (54), a fifth horizontal channel (56) crosses said section from side to side, the fifth horizontal channel (56) being located above the exit of the second through holes (29). At the ends of the fifth vertical channel (61) for the passage of a second endless screw (5), there is a fifth cavity (63) and sixth cavity (64) in the form of a semi hexagonal channel, such that when coupling both parts of the right lateral support (13), they are formed at each end of the fifth vertical channel ( 61) and sixth vertical channel (62) a suitable hexagonal prism to hold a nut captive (not shown). On the lower face of the third lower section (58) the first four through holes (35) aligned in pairs are seen one behind the other, while on the underside of said third lower section (54), the outlet can be seen of the fifth vertical channel (61), the outlet of the sixth vertical channel (62), the exit of the second major orifices (60) of the third lower section (58) and a sixth horizontal semi-cylindrical transversal channel (59) located between the exit of the four through holes (35) passing through said third lower section (58) to allow the passage of a second horizontal guide bar (14) for the movement of the recording head (9).

Figure 9a shows the lower right part (49) of the right lateral support (13) which is a one-piece body formed by three sections that are a fourth upper section (65), a fourth middle section (66) and a fourth lower section (67). The fourth upper section (65) (Figure 9b) is a second housing (68) in the form of a rectangular base parallelepiped lacking an inner face; it has a hexagonal hole (69) in the front face for retaining a hexagonal nut and space for housing drive components inside the housing; on its rear face it has a pair of fixing holes (70); in the lower face it has two fixing holes that pass through the piece at an angle of 45 degrees, having an outlet in the fourth middle section (66) below a seventh horizontal channel (71) to allow the passage of connecting elements with the part upper right (48) of the right lateral support (13); the rear surface of the second housing (68) has a pair of fixing holes (70) for the passage of fasteners with the upper right part (48) of the support, it is discontinuous on its external face and half the height a surface inclined at 135 degrees is projected with the vertical, which corresponds to the fourth middle section (66) of said second lower right part (49) of the right lateral support (13); at the beginning of the inclined surface, a seventh horizontal channel (71) traverses from said side to the said fourth middle section (66); the fourth middle section (66) on its lower face forms an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the lower surface of the second housing (68), it is vertical, completely smooth and continuous, while on the upper face (figure 9c) it can be appreciating the exit of the fixing holes (70) below the seventh horizontal channel (71); At the lower end of the surface two semicircular vertical channels are observed, one of them corresponds to a seventh vertical channel (72) for the passage of the second endless screw (5), which at its ends has a third semi hexagonal cavity ( 77) and a fourth semi hexagonal cavity (78) for attaching to a hexagonal nut when joining with its counterpart; to one side of said seventh vertical channel (72) there is an eighth vertical channel (73) semicircular for the passage of the second vertical bar (14) that traverses the upper surface of said fourth middle section (66), having both channels output by the bottom surface of the fourth lower section (67) and above the four through holes (35) for the passage of fasteners with the right upper part (49) of the right lateral support (13); additionally between the four fixing holes (70), an eighth horizontal channel (74) for support of the horizontal bar (14) traverses the piece from side to side.

Functioning: The first upper left part (18) and first lower left part (19) are integrated, forming the left lateral support (12) using screws or fasteners (not shown) passing through the corresponding fixing holes (35), of such that when integrated, the first (26) and third (44) horizontal channels form a first horizontal passage (20) that embraces a first horizontal bar (14), and the second (27) and fourth horizontal channels (47). ) form a second horizontal passage (21) that embraces a second horizontal bar (14) similarly, the first (31) and third (45), and second (32) and fourth (46) vertical channels respectively form first passage vertical (75) and the second vertical passage (76) through which the first vertical bar (7) and the first endless screw (5) that is coupled to one of the vertical motors (3); the ends of the second vertical passage (76) formed by the second vertical channel (32) and fourth vertical channel (46) when joining form a hexagonal cavity that traps a nut through which the first endless screw (5) passes, which at its upper end it rotates freely, while at its lower end it receives the movement of a vertical motor (3).

In front of the left lateral support (12), next to the first housing (40) is located outside the third motor (6) that rests on the horizontal support (42) and is this third motor (6) is responsible for moving the motor components that are inside the first housing (40) consisting of a pulley, a band and gear reducers (not shown) for movement from left to right or vice versa of the printhead (9). The arrow of the third motor (6) passes through the circular window (41) of the front wall of the first housing (40) and the end of the arrow is inserted into the interior face of the rear wall of the first housing (40).

The parts forming the right lateral support (12) are integrated, so that the upper right (48) and lower right (49), are joined using screws or fasteners (not shown) through the corresponding holes traversing and fixing (35 and 71), such that when integrated, horizontal channels fifth (56) and seventh (71) embrace a first horizontal bar (14) forming a third horizontal passage (50) and channels horizontal sixth (59) and eighth (74) embrace a second horizontal bar (14); similarly, the vertical channels fifth (61) and seventh (72), and sixth (62) and eighth (73) form respectively third vertical passage (52) and a fourth vertical passage (53) through which they pass through the second screw without end (5) that is coupled to a second vertical motor (6) and second vertical bar (7); the ends of the passage formed by the fifth vertical channel (61) and seventh vertical channel (72) when joined form a third hexagonal cavity (77) and a fourth hexagonal cavity (78) that traps a nut through which the second screw passes without end (5), which at its upper end rotates freely, while at its lower end receives the movement of one of the vertical motors (3).

In front of the right lateral support (12) in the second housing (68) there is a horizontal axis and a idle pulley (not shown) that hold the belt moving in one direction or in the opposite direction and in direct function with the other. movement of the third horizontal motor (6), the end of the arrow being supported on the inner face of the rear wall of the first housing (40).

The fourth motor (16) is placed horizontally below the rear end of the flat bed (2); its drive shaft is aligned perpendicular to the movement of the flat bed (2) and has the necessary elements to cause the movement of the flat bed (2). Said elements are to choose movement bands or couplings by means of gears, in such a way that the flat bed (2) can move from front to back and vice versa.

At an intermediate distance between the front and the back of the printer is the support frame (8), the vertical poles (10) and the left and right worm screws (5) mechanically coupled with the drive shaft of each one. of the vertical motors (3) that when rotating synchronously in one direction or in the opposite direction cause the rise or fall of the left (12) and right (13) lateral supports that load the horizontal bars (14) that they load the print head (9), which is moved by a horizontal band driven by the third motor (6) that causes a displacement perpendicular to the displacement of the flat bed (2).

To generate a three-dimensional body, a computer-generated object with a three-dimensional design tool is supplied to the printer, which adjusts the coordinates and positions itself on a starting point. The first layer of deposited material comprises the base of the object and is generated by the third motor (6) which is responsible for the movement from left to right and vice versa of the print head (9) on the flat bed (2), which Once you complete a line, wait for the flat bed (2) to move forward or backward to print the second line of solidifiable material; this operation is repeated successively until the first layer of the object to be formed is completed. Once the first layer is finished, the vertical motors (3) rotate in a synchronous manner to modify the height of the printhead (9) supported on the horizontal bars (14) and the printing operation is repeated successively until the desired object is finished .

It is important to mention that the printer has three sensors with sensors so that if necessary, the printhead can be repositioned at the point of origin, thus calibrating its initial position and subsequent displacement.

The holes and fixing holes are all equal in their diameter and the difference between them has been only by nomenclature and by the position and angle in which each of them is.

The following list of parts is a reference of the components forming the invention. 1 Printer base 2 Flat bed 3 vertical motors 4 Head support 5 Endless screw 6 Third motor 7 Vertical bar 8 Support frame 9 Printhead 10 vertical poles 11 Upper horizontal structure 12 Left side support 13 Right lateral support 14 Horizontal bars 15 Band 16 Fourth engine 17 Horizontal rails 18 Top left 19 Bottom left 20 First horizontal passage 21 Second horizontal passage 22 First upper section 23 First half section 24 First lower section 25 First vertical adjacent surface 26 First horizontal channel 27 Second horizontal channel 28 First through holes Second through holes First larger holes First vertical channel Second vertical channel First hexagonal cavity Second hexagonal cavity Through holes Eyebrow Second upper section Second middle section Second lower section First accommodation Circular window Horizontal support Shelter wall Third horizontal channel Third vertical channel Fourth vertical channel Fourth horizontal channel Top right Lower right part Third horizontal passage Fourth horizontal passage Third vertical passage Fourth vertical passage Third upper section Second vertical adjacent surface Fifth horizontal channel Third middle section Third lower section Sixth horizontal channel 60 Seconds larger holes 61 Fifth vertical channel 62 Sixth vertical channel 63 Fifth cavity 64 Sixth cavity 65 Fourth upper section 66 Fourth middle section 67 Fourth lower section 68 Second accommodation 70 Fixing holes 71 Seventh horizontal channel 72 Seventh vertical channel 73 Eighth vertical channel 74th horizontal channel 75 First vertical passage 76 Second vertical passage 77 Third hexagonal cavity 78 fourth hexagonal cavity Considering the concepts expressed in the previous description I declare my property what is stated in the following claims:

Claims (8)

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N S

1. A three-dimensional printer by successive deposition of layers of solidifiable material that has a flat bed with horizontal bidirectional movement on a single Cartesian axis on which the object will be printed, a print head that moves on two Cartesian axes in a perpendicular vertical plane to the movement of the flat bed, a pair of lateral supports that support to two parallel horizontal bars on which the supported one is the printhead, the vertical movement being controlled by two twin motors that raise by means of a screw mechanism to the end. pair of lateral supports and where the horizontal movements of the printing head and the flat bed are controlled by band mechanisms that move the print head and the flat bed respectively, characterized in that the axis of the motor that moves the print head located horizontally and perpendicular to the movement of the print head on one of the lateral supports and for each lateral support crosses a vertical guide bar and a worm for vertical movement and a pair of horizontal bars on which the print head moves.

2. A three-dimensional printer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in each of the lateral supports is formed by two pieces that when joining forms two horizontal passages and two vertical passages to embrace respectively two horizontal bars on which it finds supported the print head and a vertical bar and an endless screw for the vertical movement of the assembly that supports the printhead.

3. A three-dimensional printer as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that at the ends of one of the vertical passages that are formed when joining both parts of each of the lateral supports, a cavity is formed to hold an element with internal thread by where the endless screw rotates causing the vertical movement of the supports.

4. A three-dimensional printer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the element with internal thread is a nut.

5. A three-dimensional printer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the element with internal thread is a hexagonal nut.

6. A set of supports for the two-dimensional displacement of a mobile element in a vertical plane where each support is formed by two parts, an upper part and a lower part, where each of the parts has two vertical channels and two horizontal channels that when joining, they form two horizontal parallel cylindrical passages and two parallel cylindrical vertical passages, the vertical passages being aligned perpendicularly between the horizontal passages, leaving a first horizontal passage in front of the vertical passages and a second horizontal passage behind the vertical passages, wherein at the ends of one of the vertical passages of each support, there is a formation to hold an element with internal thread; characterized in that when joining the parts forming each of the supports, they embrace two horizontal guide or load elements and two vertical elements, one of the vertical elements being a guide bar and the other vertical element a rotating screw inside the element with internal thread to cause vertical movement of the support and parallel bars.

7. A three-dimensional printer by successive deposition of layers of solidifiable material that has a flat bed with horizontal bidirectional movement on a single Cartesian axis on which the object will be printed, a print head that moves on two Cartesian axes in a perpendicular vertical plane to the movement of the flat bed, a pair of lateral supports that support to two horizontal parallel bars on which the supported one is the print head, being the vertical movement controlled by two twin motors that elevate by means of a endless thyme mechanism to the pair of lateral supports and where the horizontal movements of the print head and the flat bed are controlled by band mechanisms that move respectively to the print head and the flat bed, where the axis of the motor that displaces the print head is placed horizontally and perpendicular to the movement of the print head on one of the lateral supports and for each lateral support crosses a vertical guide bar and an endless screw for vertical movement and a pair of horizontal bars on which the print head moves; characterized by a set of supports for two-dimensional displacement of a mobile element in a vertical plane where each support is formed by two parts, an upper part and a lower part, where each of the parts has two vertical channels and two horizontal channels that when joined form two horizontal parallel cylindrical passages and two parallel vertical cylindrical passages, the vertical passages being aligned perpendicularly between the horizontal passages, leaving a first horizontal passage in front of the vertical passages and a second horizontal passage behind the passages vertical, where at the ends of one of the vertical passages of each support, there is a formation to hold an element with internal thread that when joining the parts that form each of the supports, embrace two horizontal guide or load elements and two vertical elements, one of the vertical elements being a bar of g The other vertical element is an endless screw that rotates inside the element with internal thread to cause the vertical movement of the support and the parallel bars.

8. A three-dimensional printer as claimed in claim 1 or 7, characterized in that the upper part of the supports has a projection that supports position registration elements to calibrate and restore the initial position of the print head. SUMMARY The present invention relates to a three-dimensional printer by successive deposition of layers of solidifiable material that has a mechanism to attenuate the systematic error in the position of the print head caused by the torque of the motors; where the mechanism consists of a flat bed with horizontal bidirectional movement on a single Cartesian axis on which the object will be printed and a printhead that is supported on two parallel horizontal bars that are in turn loaded by a pair of supports laterals that have movement in a vertical plane, the vertical movement being controlled by two twin motors that elevate by means of an endless screw mechanism the pair of lateral supports and where the horizontal movements of the print head and the flat bed are controlled by mechanisms of band that move bidirectionally to the print head and to the flat bed respectively