MX2013003808A - Composition and method for delivery of substances in a dry mode having a surface layer. - Google Patents

Composition and method for delivery of substances in a dry mode having a surface layer.

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Publication number
MX2013003808A
MX2013003808A MX2013003808A MX2013003808A MX2013003808A MX 2013003808 A MX2013003808 A MX 2013003808A MX 2013003808 A MX2013003808 A MX 2013003808A MX 2013003808 A MX2013003808 A MX 2013003808A MX 2013003808 A MX2013003808 A MX 2013003808A
Authority
MX
Mexico
Prior art keywords
composition
carrier substrate
inert carrier
surface layer
water
Prior art date
Application number
MX2013003808A
Other languages
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Ramiro Trevino
Steven R Ellis
Original Assignee
Dairy Manufacturers Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US12/898,435 external-priority patent/US8409822B2/en
Application filed by Dairy Manufacturers Inc filed Critical Dairy Manufacturers Inc
Publication of MX2013003808A publication Critical patent/MX2013003808A/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/22—Bacillus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/70—Fixation, conservation, or encapsulation of flavouring agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/70—Fixation, conservation, or encapsulation of flavouring agents
    • A23L27/77—Use of inorganic solid carriers, e.g. silica
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/06—Enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/065—Microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/135—Bacteria or derivatives thereof, e.g. probiotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/14—Yeasts or derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
    • A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
    • A23P10/30—Encapsulation of particles, e.g. foodstuff additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84—Biological processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/002—Reclamation of contaminated soil involving in-situ ground water treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C02F3/347—Use of yeasts or fungi
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
    • C12N11/04—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier entrapped within the carrier, e.g. gel or hollow fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
    • C12N11/10—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a carbohydrate
    • C12N11/12—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/95—Specific microorganisms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention generally relates to compositions and methods of delivering substances in a dry mode, wherein the compositions include a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the composition that is permeable to carbon dioxide and oxygen. The compositions may be used to deliver microorganisms to remove contaminates, such as oil, chemical, waste, or sewage, from soil, water, or air. In other embodiments, the compositions can also be used for delivering liquid food, liquid food additives, liquid biotech agricultural ingredients, conventional liquid agricultural ingredients, liquid human wellness and dietary supplements, and liquid fragrances and beauty products.

Description

COMBINATION AND METHOD FOR DELIVERY OF SUBSTANCES IN A DRY MODE HAVING A SUPERFICIAL LAYER Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to compositions and methods for delivering substances in a dry mode; More specifically, the present invention relates to compositions and methods for delivering substances in a dry mode having a surface layer.
Background of the Invention It is very difficult to deliver several substances in a dry form. For example, many essential minerals used to grow food crops exhibit hygroscopic properties when in their dry form. This makes it difficult to handle and store these minerals in dry form as they tend to absorb moisture from water in the atmosphere, resulting in sticky, dry chaos that does not flow easily. Hygroscopic minerals are usually melted and coated or crystallized to limit their natural hygroscopic properties. Although this keeps solids in a useful and flowable form, it limits their ability to dissolve in other liquids for final application. If these same minerals dissolve in water prior to melting, however, transporting and handling the liquefied mineral version creates problems and drastically increases the costs associated with shipping and handling. It would be advantageous to provide compositions and methods for delivering hygroscopic substances in a dry, flowable form, which readily dissolves or disperses in water and is applied to crops or other applications.
Cellular organisms, such as enzymes, bacteria, and other microorganisms, typically are not sustainable in a dry state. Therefore, these organisms usually must be kept in humid conditions, which, as mentioned above, create certain adversities related to their shipping and handling. It would be advantageous to provide compositions and methods for delivering cellular organisms in dry form.
Some substances in their liquid states are relatively unstable. For example, substances which are volatile, or substances that contain one or more hydroxyl groups must be used quickly since these unstable liquid substances can lose their effectiveness after a few weeks. Therefore, it would be advantageous to provide compositions and methods for delivery of volatile or unstable fluids in a stable state that is shipped in dry form.
Compendium of the Invention The present invention is directed to compositions and methods that satisfy at least one of these needs. The present invention relates to compositions having a surface layer and methods for delivering a substance as part of a composition in a dry mode. As used herein, delivery may also include transportation, shipping, and the like. In one embodiment, the substance may be bacteria, enzymes, other microorganisms, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the substance can be a liquid additive which can be either organic or inorganic. As used herein with respect to liquid additives, "organic" means substances related to, derived from, or having properties or characteristics of living beings. As used herein with respect to liquid additives, "inorganic" means substances composed of minerals instead of having properties or characteristics of living beings. Exemplary liquid additives include liquid foods, liquid food additives, liquid bio-technology agricultural ingredients, conventional liquid agricultural ingredients, liquid human dietary and wellness supplements, and liquid fragrances and beauty products.
One embodiment of the invention is a composition for delivering microorganisms in a dry mode containing an inert carrier substrate having a porous structure, charged microorganisms through the pores of the inert carrier substrate, and a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate. In one embodiment, the surface layer can be selectively permeable, such that the surface layer allows for movement of certain molecules, which helps in sustaining cellular growth of the charged microorganisms through the inert carrier substrate. In one embodiment, the surface cap can be permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide so that the composition is operable to allow for increased propagation of the microorganisms within the pores of the inert carrier substrate as compared to another composition having a absence of the superficial layer. As used herein, propagation refers to the ability of a substance to reproduce. In one embodiment, the surface layer is operable to allow oxygen exchange, nutrient exchange, respiration, production and digestion of carbon dioxide, and enzyme production.
In one embodiment, the inert carrier substrate is selected from the group consisting of diatomaceous earth, walnut shells and pecan nuts, rice skins, cellulose clay, montmorillonite clay, bentonite clay, wool, cotton, cellulose , corn cobs, cellulose husks, precipitated silica, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the inert carrier substrate can be precipitated silica.
In one embodiment, the surface layer may include an organic phase. Organic phase as used herein with respect to the surface layer means a fasa that includes any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. In one embodiment, the organic phase can be lipids, polysaccharides, fatty acids, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the fatty acids have between 12 and 20 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, the fatty acids have between 15 and 17 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the organic phase can include nonionic plant-based surfactants. Preferred herbal surfactants include, without limitation, polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80. In one embodiment, the organic phase may include alcohols of fatty acids, fatty acids, lipids, lecithin, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the fatty acid alcohols have between 12 and 20 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the fatty acid alcohols may include cetearyl alcohol, cetyl ester, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the fatty acid may be saturated, unsaturated, or a combination thereof. Exemplary saturated fatty acids, without limitation, include: palmitic acid and stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, myristic acid, lignoceric acid, or combinations thereof. Exemplary unsaturated fatty acids, without limitation, include: oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, Omega-3, Omega-6, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, possible sources of the fatty acids may include coconut oils, palm oils, vegetable oils, fish oils, or combinations thereof.
In one embodiment, the organic phase can be formed when an emulsion is mixed with the inert carrier substrate. Furthermore, the emulsion can be formed by mixing a combination of ingredients, wherein the ingredients are selected from the group consisting of lipids, polysaccharides, fatty acids, lecithin, plant-based surfactants, emulsifiers, and combinations thereof.
In another embodiment, the surface layer is substantially impermeable to fresh water. In another embodiment, the surface layer is substantially impermeable to deionized water. In one embodiment, the surface layer may be permeated by surfactants, oil, organic solvents, salt water, wet soil, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the surface layer is at least partially soluble in surfactants, oil, organic solvents, salt water, wet soil, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the surface layer may further include an absence of protein.
In another embodiment, the surface layer may include squalene, squalane, C40 isoprenoids, phosphatidylglycole-rol, diphosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanol-amine, monoglycerol phosphate, or combinations thereof.
In one embodiment, the surface layer may include similar components as those contained in cell walls of bacteria (prokaryotes) and fungi (eukaryotes). In one embodiment, the surface layer can function in a similar manner as a cell wall, such that the surface layer is operable to support microbial life and propagation.
In another embodiment, the composition for delivering microorganisms in a dry mode can be carried out without zeolites, aluminosilicates, mineral powder, and / or an acidic polymer. In one embodiment, the composition is operable to decompose hydrocarbon deposits in water or soil when applied in the dry state. In another embodiment, the composition may also include nutrients charged into the inert carrier substrate, such that the nutrients are in contact with the microorganisms, wherein the nutrients are operable to provide a food source for the microorganisms charged through the microorganisms. the pores of the inert carrier substrate to improve the propagation of microorganisms.
In another embodiment, the pores of the precipitated silica define a pore size distribution, where a substantial number of pores have diameters in the range of 38 to 240 nanometers. In another embodiment, the microorganisms can be bacteria, enzymes, fungi, archaea, viruses, algae, plankton, planaria, protists, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the microorganism can be bacillus and / or an enzyme. In another embodiment, the composition also includes nutrients charged through the pores of the inert carrier substrate. In another embodiment, the nutrients may be ammonia, nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, urea, dextrose, dextrin, sugars, proteins, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the composition has an initial microorganism count, and the composition is operable to maintain approximately 50 to 400% of the initial microorganism count for a period of time, preferably at least 45 days.
In another embodiment, a composition for delivering volatile fluids in a dry mode contains an inert carrier substrate having a porous structure, a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate, wherein the surface layer is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide, and volatile fluids charged through the pores of the inert carrier substrate, the composition having 24 to 75% concentration of volatile fluids by weight, the composition operable to maintain approximately 50 to 100% of the fluid concentration volatile for a period of time, preferably at least 45 days, more preferably at least 90 days, wherein the volatile fluid has a vapor pressure of at least 0.03 atm at 25 ° Celsius. As used herein, the term "fluid" should be understood to include liquids, plasmas, and gases. In another embodiment, the volatile fluid has a vapor pressure of at least 0.08 atm at 25 ° Celsius. Exemplary volatile liquids include, without limitation, alcohols, gasoline, diesel fuel.
Another embodiment is a composition for delivering essential oils in a dry mode containing an inert carrier substrate having a porous structure, a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate, wherein the surface layer is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide, and an essential oil loaded through the pores of the inert carrier substrate, the composition having 25 to 75% concentration of essential oil by weight, the composition operable to maintain approximately 50 to 100% of the concentration of essential oil for a period of at least 45 days. Exemplary essential oils include, but are not limited to, agar oil, carambola seed oil, angelica root oil, anise oil, asafetida, balsam oil, basil oil, bay oil, bergamot oil, pepper black, Agathosma oil, birch, camphor, cannabis flower, caraway oil, cardamom seed oil, carrot seed oil, cedar oil, chamomile oil, calamus oil, cinnamon oil, cistus, citronella oil, clary sage, clove leaf oil, coffee, clove oil, coriander, balsamite oil, costus root, cranberry seed oil, cumin oil, cypress, cipriol, curry leaf, davana oil, dill oil, helium, eucalyptus oil, fennel seed oil, frankincense oil, blue ginger, galbanum, geranium oil, ginger oil, goldenrod, grapefruit oil , henna oil, paper flower, horseradish oil, hyssop, Idaho tansy, jasmine oil, juniper oil, lavender oil, laurus nobilis, ledum, lime oil, lemon grass, lemon, litsea oil cubeba , tangerine, marjoram, melaleuca, Melissa oil (lemon balm), menthe arvensis, savory, artemisia oil, mustard oil, myrrh oil, myrtle, neem oil, neroli, nutmeg, orange oil, olive oil oregano, orris oil, palo santo, parsley oil, patch oil ouli, perilla essential oil, pennyroyal oil, peppermint oil, sour orange oil, pine oil, ravensara, red cedar, Roman chamomile, rose oil, rosehip oil, rosemary oil, rosewood oil, oil of sage, sandalwood oil, sassafras oil, hyssop oil, Schisandra oil, peppermint oil, spikenard, spruce, star anise oil, tangerine, tarragon oil, tea tree oil, thyme oil, false spruce , turmeric, valerian, vetiver oil, western red cedar, wintergreen, achillea oil, ylang-ylang, zedoaria, or combinations thereof.
In another embodiment, a composition for delivering a hygroscopic compound in a dry flow-maintaining mode contains an inert carrier substrate having a porous structure, a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate, wherein surface is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the hygroscopic compound is charged through the pores of the inert carrier substrate, the composition having 25 to 75% concentration of hygroscopic compound by weight, the composition operable to maintain approximately 75 to 100% of the concentration of the hygroscopic compound for a period of time, preferably at least 45 days, wherein the composition is soluble in water and the composition maintains its ability to easily flow when in a dry mode. In another embodiment, the composition may have more than one hygroscopic compound.
In another embodiment, the composition contains an inert carrier substrate having silica pores, a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate, wherein the surface layer is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the additive liquid charged to the inert carrier substrate, wherein the average pore diameter of the liquid additive molecules is less than the average diameter of the pores of silica, and wherein the composition is operable to reduce contaminants from a contaminated area . In another embodiment, the liquid additive is bacteria, nutrients, or combinations thereof, the contaminated area is soil, water, or air, and the contaminants are drainage, oil, contaminants, or combinations thereof.
In another embodiment, the composition is formed without the use of a chemical reaction. In another embodiment, the composition is formed without chemically altering the surface of the inert carrier substrate. In another embodiment, the composition is substantially dry such that it can flow rapidly. In one embodiment, the angle of repose can be determined by pouring the composition through a funnel and allowing the composition to fall on a base board, thereby forming a conical mound. A portion of the base board can then be removed from below a portion of the conical mound. The angle formed by the edge of the board can be measured using a straight edge and reading the angle. In another embodiment, the composition has a Carr index value below 15. The Carr index is an indication of the compressibility of a powder. It is calculated by the formula: where VB is the freely settled volume of a given mass of dust, and VT is the caked volume of the same mass of powder. The Carr index can also be expressed as: where pB is the freely settled density per volume of the powder, and pT is the density per volume of the powder. In another embodiment, the composition is not hygroscopic.
In another embodiment, the invention relates to the use of an inert carrier substrate as a delivery agent for the substance in a dry mode. In one embodiment, if the substance is in solid form, then the substance can be liquefied by melting or dissolving the substance in a carrier fluid, for example water, alcohol, acetone, or the like. Once the substance is in a liquid state, the substance can be directly added to the inert carrier substrate in the presence of an organic phase, and mixed with the inert carrier substrate such that the substance is infused through the inert carrier substrate. . A surface layer comprising the organic phase is also formed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate to form a charged product. In a further embodiment, the organic phase may include an effective amount of oils, fatty acids, waxes, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the effective amount of fatty acids can include 2 to 15% by weight. In another embodiment, the effective amount of waxes can include 10 to 20% by weight. In another embodiment, the effective amount of oils may include 1 to 30% by weight. This loaded product can then be combined with other products or mixtures and used in a wide range of products. Advantageously, substances which are hygroscopic, can be liquefied and charged onto the inert vehicle substrate, thereby enabling handling in a dry mode. Additionally, different types of hygroscopic materials can be liquefied together to form a liquid physical mixture that mixes well to improve overall consistency. This liquid physical mixture can be added to the inert carrier substrate, thereby allowing for the production of a loaded product that is highly consistent. Similarly, substances such as enzymes, bacteria, other microorganisms, nutrients, or combinations thereof, which are usually kept in a wet condition to maintain viability, can be loaded onto the inert carrier substrate, thereby allowing for handling in a dry mode.
In another embodiment, an additional benefit is that the loaded product has an increased shelf life and / or can provide additional stability that can not be achieved in a fluid state. For example, substances which are volatile, or substances which contain one or more hydroxyl groups. These unstable fluid substances often lose their effectiveness after a few weeks, which means that the end user must use the fluid substances quickly. In certain embodiments, these relatively unstable fluid substances can be loaded on precipitated silica to increase shelf life and / or proportions; There is additional stability that can not be achieved in a fluid state. As used herein, shelf life generally means the recommendation of time that products can be stored, during which the defined quality of a specified proportion of the goods remains acceptable under expected (or specified) conditions of distribution, storage and display. Some substances in their fluid states are relatively unstable.
In another embodiment, microbes, live cultures, and nutrients can be delivered in a dry format. In another embodiment, the delivery of these crops and nutrients can be achieved by loading precipitated silica with the crops, nutrients, and an organic phase, together or separately, to a desired capacity such that the surface layer is formed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate, while nutrients and cultures remain charged through the pores of the inert carrier substrate. The loaded product can then be applied to the contamination in the water or in the soil. In another embodiment, the invention is applicable to spills, such as drainage, oil or other chemical contaminations in water since the loaded product adheres to the contaminant and keeps the crops in direct contact with the food source, difference of liquid applications that can disperse without adhering to the contaminant. Embodiments of the present inventions may also be applicable to waste within garbage dumps. Additional benefits can also be observed in propagation of microbes (factors from ~ 1.5 to around 15 have been observed) and in the effects of release in time when the microbes are released over a period of time against all at once in a liquid application .
In another embodiment, a method for bioremediation can include loading an inert carrier substrate with an emulsion at a desired capacity to form a charged product, and applying the charged product to an area having contaminants, such that the loaded product adheres to contaminants and subsequently converts contaminants into gaseous products and water thereby eliminating contaminants from the area. In one embodiment, the emulsion may include an organic phase and a water phase, wherein the water phase may include water and microorganisms. In another embodiment, the water phase may also include nutrients, wherein the nutrients are soluble in water. In another embodiment, the organic phase can include surfactants based on non-ionic plants. In another embodiment, the organic phase may include alcohols of fatty acids, fatty acids, lipids, and lecithin. In another embodiment, the organic phase may include lipids, fatty acids, and polysaccharides. In another embodiment, the area can be selected from the group consisting of water and soil. In another embodiment, contaminants can be selected from the group consisting of drainage, oil, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the loaded product may be applied by the typical methods of aerial or manual broadcast extension. For smaller spills, manual emission is preferred. For larger spills, particularly those in open water, wetlands, wetlands, or estuarine areas, aerial dust dew or spray with mechanical dust pumps is preferred. In one embodiment, approximately 0.4 pounds (181.44 g) of the loaded product may be added per cubic yard (0.76 m3) of soil. In another embodiment, approximately 50 pounds (22.68 kg) of the loaded product may be added per acre (4046.86 m2) of open water spot. In an embodiment where the area includes swamp, wetlands, or estuaries, up to 75 pounds (34.02 kg) of loaded product can be used per acre (4046.86 m2) depending on the type of oil and level of contamination. In a preferred embodiment, the loaded product is applied directly to the contaminants.
Examples of liquid food additives include, without limitation, enzymes, bacteria, probiotics, oleoresin, flavors, minerals, plant extracts and preservatives. In one embodiment, the delivery of these ingredients can be achieved by loading precipitated silica, preferably food grade, with the liquid ingredients, together or separately, to a desired capacity to form a charged product. The loaded product can then be applied to a larger formulated recipe or packaged for later application or hydration. In other embodiments, the invention is applicable to concentrated ingredients such as extracts of all types, minerals, chelated minerals, vinegars, wine, soy sauce, pepper sauce, olive oil, essential oils, flavors and formulated liquid foods. Exemplary enzymes for liquid food additives include protease, amylase, cellulose, lipase, yeast.
Examples of liquid biotechnology agricultural ingredients include, without limitation, enzymes, bacteria, nutrients, wetting agents, and minerals. The delivery of these ingredients is achieved by loading precipitated silica with the liquid ingredients, together or separately, to a desired capacity then applying the loaded product to a larger formulated recipe or packaging for subsequent application or hydration. In another embodiment, the invention is applicable to concentrated ingredients such as enzymes, bacteria, nutrients and minerals. In one embodiment, liquid biotechnology agricultural ingredients are advantageous for treating "organic" products or in the application and formulation of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and the like.
Examples of conventional liquid agricultural ingredients include, without limitation, urea, potassium citrate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sulfates, nutrients and minerals. The delivery of these ingredients is achieved by loading silica precipitated with the liquid ingredients, together or separately, to a desired capacity then applying the loaded product to a larger formulated recipe or packaging for subsequent application or hydration. In another embodiment, the invention is applicable to concentrated ingredients such as zinc, manganese, magnesium, boron, potassium, and phosphorus. In one embodiment, carbon, whether plant-based or non-plant-based, may also be added to the composition. Advantageously, a pH value between 6.0 and 6.5 allows for improved propagation of any microbe or bacteria that may be in the loaded product. In another embodiment, the loaded product can be used in fresh or salt water applications having a pH of about 4 to about 11.5, and water temperatures of about 35 ° F to about 170 ° F (1.67-76.67) ° C).
Examples of well-being and dietary supplements for liquid humans include, without limitation, essential oils and plant extracts, such as fish oil and other dietary items. The delivery of these ingredients is achieved by loading precipitated silica with the liquid ingredients, together or separately, to a desired capacity then applying the loaded product to a larger formulated recipe or packaging for subsequent application or hydration. In another embodiment, the invention is applicable to concentrated ingredients such as fish oils, amino acids, proteins and other supplements.
Examples of mixtures of liquid media for life science products include, without limitation, media mixing elements such as blood media, soy media, sugar media, starch media and other similar media. In another embodiment, delivery of these ingredients is accomplished by loading silica precipitated with the liquid ingredients, together or separately, to a desired capacity then applying the loaded product to a larger formulated recipe or packaging for subsequent application or hydration.
Examples of liquid fragrances and beauty products include, without limitation, essential oils and plant extracts, such as fragrances, amino acids, and glycolic acids. In another embodiment, delivery of these ingredients is accomplished by loading precipitated silica with the liquid ingredients, together or separately, to a desired capacity then applying the loaded product to a larger formulated recipe or packaging for subsequent application or hydration. In another embodiment, the invention is applicable to concentrated ingredients such as fragrances, acids and oils.
Another embodiment of the invention is a method for bioremediation. This method includes loading an inert carrier substrate with a liquid substance at a desired capacity in the presence of an organic phase to form a charged product having a surface layer, and applying the charged product to an area having contaminants, such that the loaded product adheres to contaminants and subsequently convert contaminants into gaseous products and water thereby eliminating contaminants from the area. In another embodiment, the liquid substance is microbes, nutrients, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the area is water or soil. In another embodiment, the contaminants are drainage, oil, or combinations thereof.
The present invention provides many benefits over conventional liquid additives including ease of use, lower shipping cost, ease of transportation, and reduced warehouse requirements.
Brief Description of the Drawings These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with respect to the following description, claims, and accompanying drawings. It will be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only several embodiments of the invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention as it may admit other equally effective embodiments.
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of a composition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description of Forms of Realization of the Present Invention Embodiments of the present invention allow for the delivery of substances in a dry mode. In its most basic format, a predetermined amount of substance, if initially in liquid form, is added to an amount of an inert vehicle substrate and mixed to form a charged product having a semi-permeable surface layer. If the substance is initially in a dry format, the substance can be liquefied by various means known in the art and then added to an amount of the inert carrier substance and mixed to form the charged product. The loaded product has the consistency of a dry substance, similar to sand. The loaded product includes the inert carrier substrate and the liquid substance charged through the inner and outer surfaces of the inert carrier substrate, and a surface layer on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate. In one embodiment, the surface layer includes an organic phase that can be made using a variety of techniques. The loaded product contains the characteristics of the substance, but is dry to the touch. In one embodiment, the surface layer does not peel off or leave an oily feeling on the skin.
In one embodiment of the invention, a composition for delivering microorganisms in a dried mode contains the inert carrier substrate having a porous structure, a surface layer permeable to carbon dioxide and oxygen, and microorganisms charged through the pores of the substrate of inert vehicle. In another embodiment, the pores of the inert carrier substrate have diameters in the range of 38 to 240 nanometers. In another embodiment, the microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of bacteria, enzymes, fungi, archaea, viruses, algae, plankton, planaria, protists, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the composition may also include nutrients charged through the pores of the inert carrier substrate. In another embodiment, the nutrients are selected from the group consisting of ammonia, nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, urea, dextrose, dextrin, sugars, proteins, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the composition has an initial microorganism count, and the composition is operable to maintain approximately 75 to 400% of the initial cell organism count for a period of time, preferably at least 45 days. In some embodiments, propagation levels have been observed 30 to 100 times more than the original count within several days, and they continued to spread well beyond 120 days. In one embodiment, the surface layer acts in a manner similar to cell walls which can be found in bacteria (prokaryotes) and fungi (eukaryotes), thereby supporting life and microbial propagation.
As mentioned previously, precipitated silica can be used in some embodiments of the present invention as the inert carrier substrate. The characteristics of the typical precipitated silica are as follows: pore size range of 38-240 nanometers and a particle size of 10-1,400 microns. Examples of precipitated silica useful as part of certain embodiments of compositions and methods of the present invention are the FLO ÷ GARD?,?-SIL silicon dioxide products obtained from PPG Industries, Inc. Precipitated silica can also be obtained from other providers, such as, for example, WR Grace and Company. Another characteristic of typical precipitated silica is a surface area of about 140 to about 160 square meters per gram.
Examples of microorganisms to be used in this invention are bacteria, enzymes, fungi, archaea, viruses, algae, plankton, planaria, protists, or combinations thereof.
Examples of bacteria include without limitation: bacilli, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, gram positive and gram negative, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Tenericutes, Aquificae ¿Bacteroidetes / Chlorobi, Chlamydiae / Verrucomicrobi, Deinococ-cus-Thermus, Fusobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes , Synergistetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Chrysiogenetes, Cyanobacteria, Deferribacters, Dictyoglomi, Fibrobacters, Planctomycetes, Thermodesulfobacteria, Thermotogae, B. alvei, B. amybliquefaciens, B. anthracis, B. cereus, B. circulans, B. coagulans, B globigii, B. infernus, B. larvae, B. laterosporus, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. mucilaginosus, B. natto, B. polymyxa, B. pseudoanthracis, B. pumilus, B. sphaericus, B. sporothermodurans , B. stearothermophi-lus, B. subtilis, B. thuringiensis, or combinations thereof.
Exemplary exemplary bacteria particularly useful for bioremediation applications include without limitation: psudomonas, flavobacteria, and bacilli, Pseudomonas fluorescense, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas alcoligenes, Flavobacterim, Arthrobacter cumminsii, Alconivorax borkumensis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, or combinations from the same.
Examples of exemplary acid producing bacteria include without limitation: Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus faecium, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, or combinations thereof.
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. Examples of enzymes include without limitation: acetolactadecaroxylases, amylases, amyloglucosidases, anhydrases, arabinoxylanases, beta-glucanases, carboxylases, catalases, cellulases, cyclases, dehydrogenases, dismutases, glucanases, glucoamylases, hydrolases, hydroxylases, isomerases, kinases, laccases, lactases, ligninases, luciferases , ligases, lipases, liases, oxidases, oxidoreductases, pectinases, phosphatases, proteases, pullulanases, reductases, renin, transarerases, transaminases, thiaminases, synthases, xylanases, DNA polymerases, DNA ligases, ceruloplasmin, restriction enzymes, papain, or combinations thereof.
Examples of fungi include without limitation: Blasto-ciadiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, Microsporidia, Neocallimastigomycota, Dikarya, Deuteromycota, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Saccharomycotina, Taphrinomycotina, Basidiomyco-ta, Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina, Subphyla Incertae sedis, Entomophthoromycotin, Kickxellomycoti-na, Mucoromycotina, Zoopagomycotina, or combinations thereof.
Examples of archaea include without limitation: 'Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, Korarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, or combinations thereof.
Examples of viruses include without limitations: dsDNA viruses: families: Myoviridae, Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, Alloher-pesviridae, Herpesviridae, Malacoherpesviridae, Ascoviridae, Adenoviridae, Asfarviridae, Baculoviridae, Coccolithoviridae, Corticoviridae, Fuselloviridae, Guttaviridae, Iridoviridae, Lipothrixviridae, Nimaviridae, Papillomaviridae , Phycodnaviridae, Plasmaviridae, Polyo aviridae, Poxviridae, Rudiviridae, Tectivi-ridae, and Mimiviridae, and genera: Ampullavirus, Nudivirus, Salterprovirus, Sputnik virophage, and Rhizidiovirus; ssDNA viruses: families: Inoviridae, Microviridae, Geminiviridae Circoviridae, Nanoviridae, and Parvoviridae, and genera Anellovirus dsRNA viruses: families: Birnaviridae, Cystoviridae, Hypoviri-dae, Partitiviridae, Reoviridae, and Totiviridae, and genera Endornavirus; (+) ssRNA: families: Arteriviridae, Coronaviridae, Roniviridae, Dicistroviridae, Iflaviridae, Marnaviridae, Piconaviridae, Secoviridae, Alphaflexiviridae, Betaflexiviridae, Gammaflexiviridae, Tymoviridae, Astroviridae, Barnaviridae, Bromoviridae, Caliciviridae, Closteroviridae, Flaviviridae, Leviviridae, Luteoviridae, Narnaviridae , Potyviri-dae, Tetraviridae, Togoviridae, and Totnbusviridae, and genera: Benyvirus, Furovirus, Hepevirus, Hordeivirus, Idaeovirus, Ourmiavirus, Peciuvirus, Pomovirus, Sobemovirus, Tobamoviriis, Tobravizus, and ümbravirus; (-) ssRNA viruses: families: Bornaviri-dae, Filoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Arenavirida, Bunyaviridae, and Orthomyxoviridae, and genera: Deltavirus, Nyavirus, Ophiovirus, Tenuivirus, and Varicosavirus; ssRNA-RT virus: families: Metaviridae, Pseudoviridae, and Retroviridae; dsDNA-RT virus: families: Hepadnaviridae and Caulimoviridae, or combinations thereof.
Examples of algae include without limitation: Archae-plastida, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Glaucophyta, Rhizaria, Excavata, Chlorarachniophytes, Euglenids, Chromista, Alveolata, Heterokonts, Bacillariophyceae, Axodine, Bolidomonas, Eustigma-tophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Synuroph-yceae , Xanthophyceae, Cryptophyta, Dinoflagellates, Haptophyta, or combinations thereof.
Examples of plankton include without limitation: phytoplankton, autotrophic, prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae, cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores, zooplankton, protozoans or small metazoans, bacterioplankton, or combinations thereof. The equivalent spherical diameter of the plankton contemplated as part of this invention is typically under 240 nanometers.
Examples of planaria include without limitation: Dugesia tigrina, Planaria macúlate, Dugesia dorotocephala, Mediterranean Schmidtea, or combinations thereof.
Examples of protists include without limitations: Chromalveolata, Eeterokontophyta, Haptophyta, Cryptophyta, Alveolata, Dinoflagellata, Apicomplexa, Ciliophora, Excavata, Euglenozoa, Percolozoa, Metamonada, Rhizaria, Radiolaria, Foraminifera, Cercozoa, Archaeplastida, Rhodophyta, Glaucophyta, Unikonta, Amoebozoa, Choanozoa , or combinations thereof.
The following is an example of how one can load microorganisms into precipitated silica granules: 700 ml of B. subtilis microorganisms in a fluid medium with a count of 31 million cfu / g is introduced by evenly distributing fluids at 270 g of FLO-GARD SC72C precipitated silica granules using a stainless steel spiral mixer. Additionally, when a surface layer is desired, an organic phase may be added, either before, after, or at the same time as the other fluids. The subsequent mixture is stirred until all the liquid media is substantially charged to the precipitated silica granules. Nutrients can be physically mixed with the microorganisms prior to being loaded with the precipitated silica granules or can be charged to separated precipitated silica granule material such that the amount of nutrients in the precipitated silica granules is modified as necessary. The temperature of the mixtures can be maintained at 10-40 ° C. The resulting product is dry to the touch within five minutes of the initial introduction of the liquid media. This dry state is reached during the stirring of the combined ingredients and handled as a dried product immediately after discharging the mixer. The product can be stored at room temperature with an improved shelf life.
As used herein, the term "dry mode" means that a liquid is substantially charged to the inert carrier substrate. A person skilled in the art will understand that this is achieved during the mixing process when a liquid is charged to the inert vehicle substrate. In one embodiment, after mixing for five minutes, the resulting product is dry to the touch and can be handled as a dry product. Moreover, the dry product is completely free flowing.
In another embodiment, a composition for delivering volatile fluids in a dry mode contains pellets of precipitated silica having a porous structure, a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate, wherein the surface layer is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide, and volatile fluids charged through the porous precipitated silica granules, the composition having 25 to 75% volatile fluid concentration by weight, the composition operable to maintain approximately 75 to 100% concentration of volatile fluids for a period of at least 45 days, wherein the volatile fluid has a vapor pressure of at least 0.03 atm at 25 ° Celsius. In another embodiment, a composition for delivering essential oils in a dry mode contains precipitated silica granules having a porous structure, a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate, wherein the surface layer is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide, and an essential oil charged through the pores of the precipitated silica granules, the composition having 25 to 75% concentration of essential oil by weight, the composition operable to maintain approximately 75 to 100% concentration of essential oil for a period of at least 45 days In another embodiment, a composition for delivering a hygroscopic compound in a dry mode that maintains flow containing the inert carrier substrate having a porous structure, a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate, wherein the surface layer it is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the hygroscopic compound charged through the pores of the inert carrier substrate, the composition having 25 to 75% concentration of hygroscopic compound by weight, the composition operable to maintain approximately 75 to 100% of the concentration of hygroscopic compound for a period of at least 45 days, wherein the composition is soluble in water.
In another embodiment, a composition for delivering a liquid additive in a dry mode contains the inert carrier substrate having silica pores, a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate, wherein the surface layer is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide, and a liquid additive charged to the inert carrier substrate, wherein the average pore diameter of the liquid additive molecules is less than the average silica pore diameter, wherein the composition is operable to reduce pollutants from a contaminated area. In another embodiment, the liquid additive is selected from the group consisting of bacteria, nutrients, and combinations thereof; the contaminated area is selected from the group consisting of soil, water, and air; and the contaminants are selected from the group consisting of drainage, oil, contaminants, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the composition is formed without the use of a chemical reaction. In another embodiment, the composition is formed without chemically altering the surface of the inert carrier substrate. In another embodiment, the composition is substantially free such that it can flow easily. In another embodiment, the composition is not hygroscopic.
In another embodiment, the substances may be bacteria, enzymes, other microorganisms, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the substances are liquid additives which may be organic or inorganic, as defined by the USDA National Organic Program, or combinations thereof. Exemplary liquid additives include liquid foods, liquid food additives, liquid bio-technology agricultural ingredients, conventional liquid agricultural ingredients, liquid human dietary and wellness supplements, and liquid fragrances and beauty products. i In another embodiment, the invention relates to the use of the inert carrier substrate as a delivery agent for the substance in a dry mode. In one embodiment, if the substance is in solid form, then it can be liquefied by either melting or dissolving the substance in a vehicle fluid, such as water, alcohol, glycerin, syrup, oil, acetone or other acceptable fluid media. . Once the substance is in a liquid state, it can be added before, after, or with an organic phase, and mixed with the inert carrier substrate such that the substance infuses through the inert carrier substrate to form the charged product having a surface layer. This loaded product can then be combined with other products or mixtures and used in a wide range of products. Advantageously, substances that are hygroscopic can be liquefied and charged onto the inert carrier substrate, thereby allowing for handling in a dry mode (ie, without lumping). Additionally, different types of hygroscopic materials can be liquefied together to form a liquid physical mixture that is well mixed to improve overall consistency. This physical mixture of liquids can be added to the inert carrier substrate, thereby allowing for the production of a loaded product that is highly consistent. Similarly, substances such as enzymes, bacteria, other microorganisms, nutrients, or combinations thereof, which are usually maintained in a wet condition to maintain viability, can be loaded onto the inert carrier substrate, thereby allowing for handling in a dry mode.
In another embodiment, an additional benefit is that the loaded product has an increased shelf life and / or provides additional stability that can not be achieved in a fluid state. Some substances in their fluid states are relatively unstable. For example, substances which are volatile, or substances that contain one or more hydroxyl groups. These unstable fluid substances can often lose their effectiveness after a few weeks, which means that the end user must use the fluid substances quickly. In certain embodiments, these relatively unstable fluid substances can be charged to the inert carrier substrate to increase shelf life and / or provide additional stability that can not be achieved in a liquid state.
In another embodiment, microbes, live cultures, and nutrients can be delivered in a dry format. In another embodiment, the delivery of these crops and nutrients can be achieved by loading inert carrier substrate with the crops and nutrients, together or separately, together with an organic phase, to a desired capacity then applying the loaded product to the contamination in the water or on the ground. In another embodiment, the invention may be applicable to spills, such as drainage, petroleum or other chemical-contaminations in water since the charged inert carrier substrate adheres to the contaminated and keeps the crops in direct contact with their source of food, unlike liquid applications that can disperse without adhering to the contaminated. Embodiments of the present invention may also be applicable to garbage dumps. Additional benefits can also be observed in microbial propagation (factors of ~ 1.5 to more than 15 have been observed) and in the effects of time release when microbes are released over a period of time against all once in liquid uri.
Examples of liquid food additives include enzymes, bacteria, probiotics, oleoresin, flavors, minerals; plant extracts and preservatives. In one embodiment, the delivery of these ingredients can be achieved by loading inert carrier substrate, preferably food grade, with the liquid ingredients, together or separately, together with an organic phase, at a desired capacity to form the product charged The loaded product can then be applied to a larger formulated recipe or packaged for later application or hydration. In other embodiments, the invention may be applicable to concentrated ingredients such as extracts of all types, minerals, chelated minerals, vinegars, wine, soy sauce, pepper sauce, olive oil, essential oils, flavors and liquid foods formulated Examples of agricultural bio-technology liquid ingredients include enzymes, bacteria, nutrients and minerals. The delivery of these ingredients can be achieved by loading the inert carrier substrate with the liquid ingredients, together or separately, together with an organic phase, at a desired capacity to form the charged product having a surface layer. The loaded product can then be applied to a larger formulated recipe or packaged for subsequent application or hydration. In another embodiment, the invention may be applicable to concentrated ingredients such as enzymes, bacteria, nutrients and minerals. In one embodiment, liquid bio-technology agricultural ingredients are advantageous for treating "organic" products or in the application and formulation of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc.
Examples of conventional liquid agricultural ingredients include urea, potassium citrate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sulfates, nutrients and minerals. The delivery of these ingredients can be achieved by loading inert vehicle substrate with inert ingredients, together or separately, together with an organic phase, to a desired capacity to form the charged product having a surface layer. The loaded product can then be applied to a larger formulated recipe or packaged for subsequent application or hydration. In another embodiment, the invention may be applicable to concentrated ingredients such as zinc, manganese, magnesium, boron, potassium, and phosphorus.
Examples of well-being supplements and liquid human diets include essential oils and plant extracts, such as fish oil and other dietary items. The delivery of these ingredients can be achieved by loading inert carrier substrate with the liquid ingredients, together or separately, together with an organic phase, at a desired capacity to form the charged product having a surface layer. The loaded product can then be applied to a larger formulated recipe or packaged for subsequent application or hydration. In another embodiment, the invention may be applicable to concentrated ingredients such as fish oils, amino acids, proteins and other supplements.
Examples of mixtures of liquid media for life science products include elements of blends of media such as blood media, soy media, sugar media, starch media and other similar media. In another embodiment, the delivery of these ingredients can be achieved by loading the inert carrier substrate with the liquid ingredients, together or separately, together with an organic phase, at a desired capacity to form the charged product having a surface layer. The loaded product can then be applied to a larger formulated recipe or packaged for subsequent application or hydration.
Examples of liquid fragrances and beauty products include essential oils and plant extracts, such as fragrances, amino acids, and glycolic acids. In another embodiment, the delivery of these ingredients can be achieved by loading the inert carrier substrate with the liquid ingredients, together or separately, together with an organic phase, at a desired capacity to form the charged product having a surface layer. The loaded product can then be applied to a larger formulated recipe or packaged for subsequent application or hydration. In another embodiment, the invention may be applicable to concentrated ingredients such as fragrances, acids and oils.
The present invention provides many benefits over conventional liquid additives including ease of use, lower shipping cost, ease of transportation, and reduced warehouse requirements.
In an embodiment where the substance can be a liquid food additive, the loaded product can be combined with other pre-mixed species found with soups, thick sauces, sauces, dips to soak, etc. ready to do The loaded product could also be marketed in individual packages much like sweeteners or tea bags. In this way, liquid food additives could easily be packaged for travel sizes in a dry form. The dry loaded product provides many benefits over its liquid food additive counterparts. For example, the loaded product increases overall ease of use, eliminates spoilage, increases food preservation and food safety, reduces shipping costs, increases ease of transportation, and reduces warehouse requirements. Another advantage is that the loaded product does not require the need for cold storage, which eliminates the need for refrigeration when the user is in the residence or on the road.
Many different liquid food products are encompassed within embodiments of the present invention. Extracts of all types, minerals, chelated minerals, vinegars, wine, soy sauce, pepper sauce, alcohol, Worcester sauces, olive oil, and essential oils are all encompassed by the present invention. Of course, technicians in the field will recognize other equivalents as well.
Experimental Results Sample 1 - Preparation of Precipitated Silica Granules Loaded with B. subtilis (without surface layer) 700 ml of microorganisms B. subtilis in a liquid medium with a count of 31 million cfu / g was introduced through a fine mist spray technology, which uniformly distributes liquids on dry substances, using a physical mixer of stainless steel spirals to 270 g of granules of precipitated silica FLO-GARD SC72C. The subsequent mixture was stirred until all the liquid medium was substantially loaded into the precipitated silica granules. Nutrients were physically mixed with the microorganisms prior to being loaded with the precipitated silica; however, they can be loaded on separate precipitated silica material such that the amount of nutrients in the precipitated silica granule can be modified as necessary. The temperature of the mixtures can be maintained at 10-40 ° C. The resulting product was dry to the touch within five minutes of the initial introduction of the liquid media. This dry state was reached during the agitation of the combined ingredients and was handled as a dry product immediately after discharging to the mixer. The product can then be stored at room temperature. The activity of microorganisms contained in the precipitated silica granules was measured.
The manner in which the activity of a microorganism can be measured depends on the microorganism. For example, for B. subtilis, one method to measure its activity was as follows. A sample of 11 grams was diluted and serially covered from 100 to 1,000,000. A 0.1 mL portion of each dilution was then placed on an MYP agar plate and spread on the super fi cient. Then it was incubated for 72 hours at 30 ° C. Suspicious colonies were then confirmed and reported as confirmed CFU / g colonies (see FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual, 8th ed., C. "14 (this method was originally developed to measure B. cereus but was modified accordingly). with the Gorton Industries Protocol to measure B. subtilis)) Table I below describes the results of those measurements.
Table I Bacilli Counts In Time Sample 2 - Preparation of Precipitated Precipitated Silica Granules (without surface layer) A 55: 1 dilution of Tri-Phasic-12 was prepared. Tri-Phasic-12 was obtained from Micro-Bac International, Inc., 3200 N. IH-35, Round Rock, TX 78681-2410. The diluted solution had a ratio of 1:55 nutrients to water. 522.1 ml of diluted nutrients was added to 206.8 g of pellets of precipitated silica in a physical stainless steel mixer, achieving a loaded product that was 72% loaded.
Sample 3 - Preparation of Precipitated Silica Granules Loaded with B. subtilis and Having a Surface Layer A first solution was created by solubilizing 10 g of cetearyl alcohol and 10 g of cetyl ester at 165 ° F (73.89 ° C) and using a low speed physical mechanical mixer. A second solution was created by mixing together 0.5 g of lecithin, 5 g of olive oil, and 5 g of canola oil. A third solution was created by mixing 1.5 ml of B. subtilis with 70.5 ml of distilled water. The first two solutions were combined and mixed together. The third solution was then added subsequently to form an emulsion having an organic phase and a water phase. Although this embodiment combined the three solutions in this manner, it should be understood that they can be combined with other orders. Preferably, the solutions were combined at a temperature lower than the temperature at which the bacteria are destroyed. In some embodiments, this upper temperature is approximately 110 ° F (43.33 ° C). Therefore, a preferred mixing temperature can be in the range of 80 ° F to 90 ° F (26.67 to 32.22 ° C). After the mixing step, there is an optional cooling step at room temperature. The emulsion is typically in a creamy, creamy emulsion when cooled to room temperature.
The emulsion was then added to the precipitated silica granules using a physical mixing / mixing system. A low mixing speed is preferred. After about 5 minutes, the loaded product having a surface layer is formed. In the present embodiment, the surface layer is comprised of fatty acid alcohols, fatty acids, and lipids, although water and B. subtilis are located within the pellets of precipitated silica.
Sample 4 - Preparation of Precipitated Silica Granules Loaded with B. subtilis and Having a Surface Layer A first solution was created by solubilizing 85 g of cetearyl alcohol and 85 g of cetyl ester at 165 ° F (73.89 ° C) and using a low speed physical mechanical mixer. A second solution was created by mixing together 8 g of lecithin, 84 g of olive oil, and 40 g of canola oil. A third solution was created by mixing 2.4 ml of B. subtilis with 115.6 ml of distilled water. The first two solutions were combined and mixed together. The third solution was then added subsequently to form an emulsion having an organic phase and a water phase. Although this embodiment combined the three solutions in this way, it should be understood that they can be combined in other orders. Preferably, the solutions are combined at a temperature lower than the temperature at which the bacteria are destroyed. In some embodiments, this upper temperature is approximately 110 ° F (43.33 ° C). Therefore, a preferred mixing temperature can be in the range of 80 ° F to 90 ° F (26.67 to 32.22 ° C). Then in the mixing step, there is an optional cooling step at room temperature. The emulsion is typically a creamy, creamy emulsion when cooled to room temperature.
The emulsion was then added to the precipitated silica granules using a physical mixing / mixing system. A slow mixing speed is preferred. After about 5 minutes, the loaded product having a surface layer is formed. In the present embodiment, the surface layer is comprised of fatty acid alcohols, fatty acids, and lipids, while water and B. subtilis are located within the pellets of precipitated silica.
Sample 5 - Preparation of Precipitated Silica Granules Loaded with B. subtilis and Having a Surface Layer A first solution was created by solubilizing 63 g of cetearyl alcohol and 63 g of cetyl ester at 165 ° F (73.89 ° C) and using a low speed physical mechanical mixer. A second solution was created by mixing together 11 g of lecithin, 126 g of olive oil, and 0 g of canola oil. A third solution was created by mixing 3.1 ml of B. subtilis with 154.9 ml of distilled water. The first two solutions were combined and mixed together. The third solution was then added subsequently to form an emulsion having an organic phase and a water phase. Although this embodiment combined the three solutions in this way, it should be understood that it can be combined in other orders. Preferably, the solutions are combined at a temperature lower than the temperature at which the bacteria are destroyed. In some embodiments, this upper temperature is approximately 110 ° F (43.33 ° C). Therefore, a preferred mixing temperature can be in the range of 80 ° F to 90 ° F (26.67 to 32.2 ° C). After the mixing step, there is an optional cooling step at room temperature. The emulsion is typically a creamy, creamy emulsion when cooled to room temperature.
The emulsion was then added to the precipitated silica granules using a physical mixing / mixing system. A slow mixing speed is preferred. After about 5 minutes, the loaded product having a surface layer is formed. In the present embodiment, the surface layer is comprised of alcohols of fatty acids, fatty acids, and lipids, while water and B. subtilis are located within the pellets of precipitated silica.
In another embodiment, the composition can be created by combining a wax, cetearyl alcohol, a fatty acid, an emulsifier, water, and microorganisms with an inert carrier substrate. In one embodiment, the wax may include beeswax. Other exemplary waxes include candelilla wax, jojoba wax, and carnauba wax. In another embodiment, the fatty acids may include olive oil, cane oil, sunflower oil, vegetable oil, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the emulsifier can be lecithin. In one embodiment, the wax may be present in an amount of 1% to 40%, more preferably 10% by weight. In one embodiment, the cetearyl alcohol may be present in an amount of 1% to 15%, more preferably 2% by weight. In one embodiment, the fatty acids may be present in an amount of 2% to 40%, more preferably 15% by weight. In one embodiment, the emulsifier may be present in an amount of 1% to 7%, more preferably 3% by weight. In one embodiment, the water / microorganism solution may be present in an amount of 1% to 50%, more preferably 2-3% by weight. In one embodiment, the water / microorganism solution contains 70% to 99% water, more preferably 97% water, and 1% to 30% microorganisms, more preferably 3% microorganisms per volume.
In another embodiment, the composition can be created by combining a wax, cetearyl alcohol and / or cetyl ester, a fatty acid, an emulsifier, water, and microorganisms with an inert carrier substrate. In an embodiment, the wax can include beeswax. In another embodiment, the fatty acids can include olive oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, vegetable oil, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the emulsifier can be lecithin. In one embodiment, the wax may be present in an amount of 1% to 40%, more preferably 10% by weight. In one embodiment, the ceteaalcohol may be present in an amount of 1% to 15%, more preferably 2% by weight. In one embodiment, the cetyl ester may be present in an amount of 1% to 15%, more preferably 2% by weight. In one embodiment, the fatty acids may be present in an amount of 2% to 40%, more preferably 15% by weight. In one embodiment, the emulsifier may be present in an amount of 1% to 7%, more preferably 3% by weight. In one embodiment, the water / microorganism solution may be present in an amount of 1% to 50%, more preferably 2-3% by weight. In one embodiment, the water / microorganism solution contains 70% to 99% water, more preferably 97% water, and 1% to 30% microorganisms, more preferably 3% microorganisms by volume.
In one embodiment, the water / microorganism solution may contain 98% water and 2% microorganisms by volume. In another embodiment, the water / microorganism solution may contain between 95% to 98% water and 2% to 5% microorganisms as measured by volume.
Table II to Table IV below provide a summary of examples of formulas for creating the emulsion which, when sufficiently mixed with an effective amount of precipitated silica, was operable to create a charged product having a surface layer. Percentages are by weight of the emulsion prior to mixing with the precipitated silica. The fatty acid oils were selected from the group of olive oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, vegetable oil, and combinations thereof. The wax was selected from the group of wax candelilla, beeswax, jojoba wax, and combinations thereof.
Table II: Composition of Formula I Those skilled in the art will recognize that the examples mentioned above are merely exemplary.
Figure 1 represents a cross-sectional view of a loaded product having a surface layer, which is loaded with water, microbes, enzymes, and nutrients. As shown in Figure 1, the water phase is located within the pores of the inert carrier substrate and is essentially trapped within the surface layer. A surface hood interface can be formed between the surface layer and the water phase. The dotted lines of the surface layer interface and the surface layer are representative of the advantageous permeability of the surface layer, which allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to move in and out of the loaded product. This keeps the water phase inside the loaded product while also allowing the microbes and enzymes to "breathe", which helps in the spread. Additionally, the surface layer maintains replication controlled and contained within the surface layer interface.
Performance Tests Using a Composition in Accordance with a Form of Realization of the Present Invention for Bioremediation A total of five oil samples were prepared using 500 mg of oil. Three were considered control groups and the other two were used to test a composition according to an embodiment of the present invention (the "loaded product"). On day 0, the control group had an average of about 41,277 ng / mg of aléanos and 6,100 ng / mg of aromatics. On day 28, the control group had an average of about 42,451 ng / mg of alkanes and 4,546 ng / mg of aromatics. On day 0 for the loaded product test group, there were 40,239 ng / mg of alkanes and 5,814 ng / mg of aromatics. On day 28 for the loaded product test group, the concentrations of alkanes and aromatics decreased dramatically to 155 ng / mg and 444 ng / mg, respectively. This is a reduction of approximately 99.6% and 92.4% in the concentrations of alkanes and aromatics, respectively. A summary of the results can be found in Table V below: Table V: Performance Tests for Loaded Product Table VI below shows comparative bioremediation results for products currently on the market. The results were taken from the website of the EPA at www.epa.gov/OEM/content/ncp/tox_tables.htm (accessed for the last time on November 12, 2010). When comparing the loaded product with the next best performing product, it becomes evident that the loaded product, which is a composition according to an embodiment of the present invention, performs better than anything on the market. , particularly in reduction of aromatics.
Table VI: Comparative Results of Bioremediation Improved Propagation of Microbes An experiment was conducted to determine the advantage that a surface layer can provide for the propagation of microbes. In this experiment, precipitated silica loaded with microbes and not having a surface area was prepared using 20 ml of liquid microbes and 8.57 g of precipitated silica. A second batch, made in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, was prepared using 20 ml of polysorbate 80, 20 ml of polyethylene glycol 400, 20 ml of liquid microbes, 38 ml of medium chain triglycerides, 2 ml of Whey protein concentrate 80, and 42.86 precipitated silica. A count of lactic acid bacteria, according to CMMEF, 4th. Method 19.5, was conducted on the two samples. The initial count of liquid microbes was 230 million. The product loaded without a surface layer increased to 440 million, while the product loaded with a surface layer increased to 1.9 billion. As such, the surface layer loaded product made in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention achieved more than 330% increase in microbial propagation as compared to the charged silica without the surface layer.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that many changes and modifications can be made to the method to carry out the invention without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. In the drawings and specification, embodiments of the invention have been disclosed and, although specific terms are used, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being indicated in the following claims . The invention has also been described in considerable detail with specific reference to the illustrated embodiments. It will be apparent, however, that various modifications and changes can be made within the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the above specification. Moreover, language with reference to order, such as first and second, should be understood in an exemplary sense and not in a limiting sense. For example, it can be recognized by those skilled in the art that certain steps can be combined in one step.
The present invention may suitably comprise, consist or consist essentially of the disclosed elements and may be practiced in the absence of an undisclosed element. Moreover, language with reference to order, such as first and second, should be understood in an exemplary sense and not in a limiting sense. For example, it can be recognized by those skilled in the art that certain steps can be combined in one step.
The singular forms "one", "one", "the" and "the" include plural referents, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. By way of example, the term "a food additive" could include one or more food additives used for the stated purpose.
Optional or optionally means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur. The description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not occur.
Ranges can be expressed herein as starting from around a particular value, and / or around another particular value. When such a range is expressed, it will be understood that another embodiment is of a particular value and / or the other particular value, together with all combinations within said range.
Through this application, where patents or publications are referenced, the disclosures of these references in their entireties are intended to be incorporated by reference in this application, so as to more fully describe the state of the art to which it belongs. invention, except when these references contradict the statements made herein. [

Claims (58)

1. A composition for delivering microorganisms in a dry mode, the composition comprising: an inert carrier substrate having a porous structure; microorganisms charged through the pores of the inert carrier substrate; Y a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate, wherein the surface layer is permeable to molecules that aid in cellular growth of the microorganisms such that the composition is operable to allow for increased propagation of the microorganisms within the pores of the Inert carrier substrate as compared to another composition having an absence of the surface layer.
2. The composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the molecules that are permeable to the surface layer include oxygen and carbon dioxide. !
3. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, further comprising a water phase contained within the surface layer.
4. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the surface layer is operable to allow for oxygen exchange, nutrient exchange, respiration, production and digestion of carbon dioxide, and enzyme production.
5. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the inert carrier substrate is selected from the group consisting of diatomaceous earth, walnut shells and pecan nuts, rice husks, cellulosic clay, montmorillonite clay, bentonite clay, wool, cotton, cellulose, corn cobs, cellulose peels, precipitated silica, and combinations thereof.
6. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the inert carrier substrate is precipitated silica.
7. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has shelf life of at least two years.
8. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the surface layer comprises an organic phase.
9. The composition as defined in claim 8, wherein the organic phase is selected from the group consisting of alcohols of fatty acids, fatty acids, lipids, lecithin, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
10. The composition as defined in claim 8, wherein the organic phase comprises fatty acids, lipids, and lecithin.
11. The composition as defined in claim 10, wherein the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and combinations thereof.
12. The composition as defined in claim 10, wherein the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, myristic acid, lignoceric acid, leic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid , linolenic acid, Omega-3, Omega-6, and combinations thereof.
13. The composition as defined in claim 10, wherein the fatty acid is derived from a source selected from the group consisting of coconut oils, palm oils, vegetable oils, fish oils, and combinations thereof. .
14. The composition as defined in claim 8, wherein the organic phase comprises nonionic plant-based surfactants.
15. The composition as defined in claim 8, wherein the organic phase comprises alcohols of fatty acids, fatty acids, lipids, and lecithin.
16. The composition as defined in claim 8, wherein the organic phase comprises an emulsifier.
17. The composition as defined in claim 8, wherein the organic phase is comprised of lipids, fatty acids, and polysaccharides.
18. The composition as defined in claim 8, wherein the organic phase is formed when an emulsion is mixed with the inert carrier substrate, the emulsion is formed by mixing a combination of ingredients, wherein the ingredients are selected from the group which consists of lipids, polysaccharides, fatty acids, lecithin, plant-based surfactants, emulsifiers, and combinations thereof.
19. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the surface layer is substantially impermeable to fresh water.
20. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the surface layer is substantially insoluble in deionized water.
21. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein wherein the surface layer may be permeated by surfactants, petroleum, organic solvents, salt water, wet soil, or combinations thereof.
22. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the surface layer is at least partially soluble in surfactants, petroleum, organic solvents, salt water, wet soil, or combinations thereof.
23. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the surface layer further comprises an absence of a protein.
24. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, further comprising an absence of zeolites.
25. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, further comprising an absence of aluminosilicates.
26. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, further comprising an absence of a mineral powder.
27. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is operable to decompose hydrocarbon deposits in water or soil when it is introduced to water or soil.
28. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is operable to decompose hydrocarbon deposits in water or soil while the composition is in a dry state.
29. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, further comprising an absence of an acidic polymer.
30. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, further comprising nutrients in contact with the microorganisms, wherein the nutrients are operable to provide a food source to the charged microorganisms through the pores of the inert carrier substrate such that the microorganisms can spread.
31. The composition as defined in claim 30, wherein the nutrients are selected from the group consisting of ammonia, nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, urea, dextrose, dextrin, sugars, proteins, and combinations thereof.
32. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the pores have diameters within the range of from 38 to 240 nanometers.
33. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of bacteria, enzymes, fungi, archaea, viruses, algae, plankton, planaria, protists, and combinations thereof.
34. The composition as defined in claim 33, wherein the microorganism is a bacillus.
35. The composition as defined in claim 33, wherein the microorganism is an enzyme.
36. The composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has an initial microorganism count, the composition operable to maintain approximately 50 to 400% of the initial cell organism count for at least 45 days.
37. A composition for delivering volatile fluids in a dry mode, the composition comprising: an inert carrier substrate having a porous structure; a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate, wherein the surface layer is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide; Y Volatile fluids charged through the pores of the inert carrier substrate, the composition having 25 to 75% concentration of volatile fluids by weight, the composition operable to maintain approximately 50 to 100% of the concentration of volatile fluids for a period of at least 45 days, where the volatile fluid has a vapor pressure of at least 0.03 atm at 25 ° Celsius.
38. A composition for delivering essential oils in a dry mode, the composition comprising: an inert carrier substrate having a porous structure; : a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate, wherein the surface layer is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide; Y an essential oil charged through the pores of the inert carrier substrate, the composition having 25 to 75% concentration of essential oil by weight, the composition operable to maintain approximately 50 to 100% concentration of essential oil for a period of at least 45 days
39. A composition for delivering a hygroscopic compound in a dry mode that maintains flow, the composition comprising: an inert carrier substrate having a porous structure; a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate, wherein the surface cap is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide; Y the hygroscopic compound charged through the pores of the inert carrier substrate, the composition having 25 to 75% concentration of hygroscopic compound by weight, the composition operable to maintain approximately 75 to 100% concentration of hygroscopic compound for a period of at least 45 days, where the composition is soluble in water.
40. A composition for delivery of agricultural ingredients in a dry mode, the composition comprising: an inert carrier substrate having a porous structure; a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate, wherein the surface cap is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide; Y an agricultural ingredient loaded through the pores of the substrate of the precipitated silica granules, the composition having 25 to 75% concentration of liquid agricultural ingredient by weight, the composition operable to maintain approximately 50 to 100% concentration of ingredient agricultural liquid for a period of at least 45 days.
41. The composition as defined in claim 40, wherein the agricultural ingredient is selected from the group consisting of enzymes, bacteria, nutrients, minerals, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, urea, potassium citrate, monopotassium phosphate, chloride, potassium, magnesium chloride, 1 sulfates, zinc, manganese, magnesium, boron, potassium, phosphorus, and combinations thereof.
42. The composition as defined in claim 40 or claim 41, further comprising carbon loaded with the agricultural ingredient, wherein the composition has a pH of 6.0 to 6.5.
43. A composition comprising: an inert carrier substrate having silica pores; a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the inert carrier substrate, wherein the surface layer is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide; a liquid additive charged to the inert carrier substrate, wherein the average pore diameter of the liquid additive molecules is less than the average diameter of the silica pores, wherein the composition is operable to reduce contaminants from an area contaminated
44. The composition as defined in claim 43, wherein the liquid additive is selected from the group consisting of bacteria, nutrients, and combinations thereof, the contaminated area is selected from the group consisting of soil, water, and air, and the contaminants are selected from the group consisting of drainage, oil, contaminants, and combinations thereof.
45. The composition as defined in claim 43 or claim 44, wherein the composition is formed without the use of a chemical reaction.
46. The composition as defined in any of claims 43 to 45, wherein the composition is formed without chemically altering the surface of the inert carrier substrate.
47. The composition as defined in any of claims 43 to 46, wherein the composition is substantially dry such that it can flow easily.
48. The composition as defined in any of claims 43 to 47, wherein the composition is not hygroscopic.
49. A method for bio-remediation, the process comprising: loading an inert carrier substrate with an emulsion at a desired capacity to form a charged product; Y apply the loaded product to an area having contaminants, such that the loaded product adheres to the contaminants and subsequently converts the contaminants into gaseous products and water thereby reducing contaminants from the area.
50. The method as defined in claim 49, wherein the emulsion comprises an organic phase and a water phase, wherein the water phase comprises water and microorganisms.
51. The method as defined in claim 50 ,; wherein the water phase further comprises nutrients, wherein the nutrients are soluble in water. |
52. The method as defined in claims 50 or 51, wherein the organic phase comprises nonionic plant-based surfactants.
53. The method as defined in claim 50, wherein the organic phase is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid alcohols, fatty acids, lipids, lecithin, polysaccharides, waxes, and combinations thereof.
54. The method as defined in claim 53, wherein the fatty acids are present in an amount between about 2% to about 40% by weight of the emulsion, wherein the waxes are present in an amount between about 1% to about 40% by weight of the emulsion, wherein the fatty acid alcohols are present in an amount between about 1% and about 15% by weight of the emulsion, wherein the lecithin is present in an amount between about of 1% and about 7% by weight of the emulsion, wherein the water phase is present in an amount between about 1% and about 50% by weight of the emulsion.
55. The method as defined in claim 50, wherein the organic phase comprises alcohols of fatty acids, fatty acids, lipids, and lecithin.
56. The method as defined in claim 50, wherein the organic phase is comprised of lipids, fatty acids, and polysaccharides.
57. The method as defined in any of claims 49 to 56, wherein the area is selected from the group consisting of water and soil.
58. The method as defined in any of claims 49 to 57, wherein the contaminants are selected from the group consisting of drainage, oil, and combinations thereof.
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