MX2010009942A - Composiciones de polimero responsivas a estimulos de autosituacion en aditivos de suelo y metodos para uso. - Google Patents
Composiciones de polimero responsivas a estimulos de autosituacion en aditivos de suelo y metodos para uso.Info
- Publication number
- MX2010009942A MX2010009942A MX2010009942A MX2010009942A MX2010009942A MX 2010009942 A MX2010009942 A MX 2010009942A MX 2010009942 A MX2010009942 A MX 2010009942A MX 2010009942 A MX2010009942 A MX 2010009942A MX 2010009942 A MX2010009942 A MX 2010009942A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- situating
- stimuli
- links
- self
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/20—Vinyl polymers
- C09K17/22—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
- C09K17/48—Organic compounds mixed with inorganic active ingredients, e.g. polymerisation catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
- C09K17/48—Organic compounds mixed with inorganic active ingredients, e.g. polymerisation catalysts
- C09K17/50—Organic compounds mixed with inorganic active ingredients, e.g. polymerisation catalysts the organic compound being of natural origin, e.g. cellulose derivatives
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Se divulgan aditivos de suelo comprendidos de composiciones de polímero responsivas a estímulos, de autosituación y métodos de su uso. En una modalidad, la composición de polímero o red de polímero comprende reticulaciones permanentes y reticulaciones no permanentes, en donde las reticulaciones no permanentes son capaces de ser removidas en la aplicación o la exposición a un estímulo, típicamente localizado dentro del suelo. En otra modalidad, el método para incrementar la retención de agua en los suelos incluye aplicar un aditivo de suelo, que comprende redes de polímero de la presente invención mezcladas con una solución acuosa para formar una solución o suspensión de dispersión coloidal, a una superficie del suelo. La suspensión o solución de dispersión coloidal facilita la penetración de la composición de polímero a través de la superficie del suelo y dentro del suelo, migrando típicamente a áreas de potencial de agua menor y, más típicamente, a lo largo de canales de drenaje localizados dentro del suelo. Después de la penetración de la superficie del suelo, la red de polímero luego se expone a un estímulo, típicamente presente en el suelo, mediante lo cual las reticulaciones no permanentes se remueven y la composición de polímero se somete a un cambio volumétrico. Esto da por resultado la prevención, detención o pérdida desacelerada de agua del área dirigida, por ejemplo, la zona de raíz de plantas, que permite la eficiencia de utilización de agua mejorada por las plantas, pastos, vegetación, etc.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US7251108P | 2008-03-31 | 2008-03-31 | |
| PCT/US2009/001979 WO2009123699A2 (en) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-03-31 | Self-situating stimuli-responsive polymer compositions in soil additives and methods for use |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MX2010009942A true MX2010009942A (es) | 2010-09-28 |
Family
ID=41115699
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| MX2010009942A MX2010009942A (es) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-03-31 | Composiciones de polimero responsivas a estimulos de autosituacion en aditivos de suelo y metodos para uso. |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8784681B2 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP2265647A4 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN101983209B (es) |
| AR (1) | AR071172A1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2009232384B2 (es) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0910433A2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2720092C (es) |
| MX (1) | MX2010009942A (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2009123699A2 (es) |
Families Citing this family (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9856415B1 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2018-01-02 | Superior Silica Sands, LLC | Hydraulic fracture composition and method |
| US20170137703A1 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2017-05-18 | Superior Silica Sands, LLC | Hydraulic fracture composition and method |
| US9057014B2 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2015-06-16 | Aquasmart Enterprises, Llc | Hydraulic fracture composition and method |
| US10920494B2 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2021-02-16 | Aquasmart Enterprises, Llc | Hydraulic fracture composition and method |
| US8795834B2 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2014-08-05 | Sapturf, Llc | Synthetic turf having cooling layer |
| US8192635B2 (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2012-06-05 | Dholakia Jayant M | Method for reducing clogging of filters |
| UA109772C2 (uk) * | 2009-07-02 | 2015-10-12 | Агент для підвищення гідрофільності ґрунту і способи його застосування | |
| EP2473555A4 (en) | 2009-09-01 | 2014-10-08 | Rhodia Operations | POLYMER COMPOSITIONS |
| US8672584B2 (en) | 2011-05-13 | 2014-03-18 | Rapac | Drainage beads |
| US20150218448A1 (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2015-08-06 | Moasis Inc | Solid hydrogel media and methods of preparation and use therefor |
| CN105143400A (zh) | 2012-10-09 | 2015-12-09 | 韩国科学技术院 | 使用生物聚合物的土壤稳定和改良方法 |
| WO2014058145A1 (ko) * | 2012-10-09 | 2014-04-17 | 한국과학기술원 | 바이오폴리머를 이용한 토양 안정화 및 개량 방법 |
| GB201308244D0 (en) | 2013-05-08 | 2013-06-12 | Croda Int Plc | Soil treatment |
| KR101485578B1 (ko) * | 2013-05-24 | 2015-01-21 | 주식회사 리더스케미컬 | 지효성을 갖는 매트릭스형 입상복합비료의 제조방법 및 이로부터 얻은 매트릭스형 입상복합비료 |
| CN104388097B (zh) * | 2014-09-27 | 2017-12-26 | 广州市绿化公司 | 一种黄土固定保持剂及其制备方法 |
| WO2017175549A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-10-12 | 株式会社清水 | 緩効性肥料組成物及び土壌 |
| DE102016209098A1 (de) | 2016-05-25 | 2017-11-30 | Leibniz-Institut Für Polymerforschung Dresden E.V. | Kautschuk- oder elastomerzusammensetzungen und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
| MX2019005038A (es) | 2016-11-02 | 2019-09-19 | Paramount Products 1 Llc | Composiciones adyuvantes para productos quimicos para el tratamiento de plantas. |
| US11666048B2 (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2023-06-06 | Corbet Scientific, Llc | Treatment for plants in conjunction with harvesting |
| US10736276B2 (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2020-08-11 | Agricultural Utilization Research Institute | Colloidal barrier materials and methods of making and using the same |
| WO2020025503A1 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Rhodia Operations | Solid agrochemical composition and methods of preparing and using the same |
| WO2020025474A1 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Rhodia Operations | Liquid agrochemical composition and methods of preparing and using the same |
| WO2020025475A1 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Rhodia Operations | Agrochemical composition and methods of preparing and using the same |
| WO2021019577A1 (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2021-02-04 | Gurjar Narayan Lal | Eco-friendly water retention natural polymer and method thereof |
| CN117511556B (zh) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-05-14 | 北京助天科技集团有限公司 | 一种双组分土壤防渗剂及其应用 |
Family Cites Families (40)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB745417A (en) * | 1952-10-18 | 1956-02-22 | Monsanto Chemicals | Improvements in or relating to soil conditioning fertilizers |
| JPS5265597A (en) * | 1975-11-27 | 1977-05-31 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Preparation of high polimeric materials with improved water absorption |
| CA1134977A (en) * | 1978-09-07 | 1982-11-02 | Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method for preparing highly absorbent polymers |
| GR76279B (es) | 1981-08-07 | 1984-08-04 | Unilever Nv | |
| EP0101253B1 (en) * | 1982-08-17 | 1987-07-22 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Limited | Water absorbing polymers |
| FR2572414B1 (fr) * | 1984-10-31 | 1986-12-12 | Beck Sa Leon | Produits gonflants et retenteurs d'humidite a base de polyacrylamide micronisee |
| US4985062A (en) * | 1986-11-03 | 1991-01-15 | American Colloid Company | Method of improving crop yield |
| US4906276A (en) * | 1986-11-03 | 1990-03-06 | American Colloid Company | Plant transplant and plant preservation medium |
| US4985061A (en) * | 1986-11-03 | 1991-01-15 | American Colloid Company | Plant transplant and plant preservation medium |
| JP3040438B2 (ja) * | 1990-08-21 | 2000-05-15 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 高吸水性ポリマーの製造法 |
| US5303663A (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 1994-04-19 | Soil Injection Layering Systems, Inc. | Subsurface particle injection methods |
| US5532350A (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 1996-07-02 | Rhone-Poulenc Inc. | Crosslinked polysaccharides useful as absorbent materials |
| US5514191A (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 1996-05-07 | Deerpoint Industries, Inc. | Polymeric media amendment for growing mushrooms |
| ES2139687T5 (es) * | 1994-07-05 | 2004-07-16 | THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY | Material gelificador absorbente que comprende una mezcla seca de al menos dos tipos de particulas formadoras de hidrogel y metodo para fabricar dicho material. |
| US5868087A (en) | 1995-06-19 | 1999-02-09 | Salestrom; Ronald D. | Agricultural water retention and flow enhancement mixture |
| US5649495A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1997-07-22 | Salestrom; Ronald D. | Agricultural water retention mixture and application technique |
| DE19529348C2 (de) * | 1995-08-09 | 1997-11-20 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Absorptionsmittel für Wasser und wäßrige Flüssigkeiten auf Polyacrylatbasis sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung |
| GB9619415D0 (en) | 1996-09-17 | 1996-10-30 | Envirolutions Inc | Soil additive |
| WO1998049252A1 (en) | 1997-04-25 | 1998-11-05 | Envirolutions Inc. | Polyacrylate gel for horticultural use |
| DE19722340A1 (de) * | 1997-05-28 | 1998-12-03 | Clariant Gmbh | Wasserquellbare, hydrophile Polymerzusammensetzungen |
| US6889471B2 (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 2005-05-10 | Charles A. Arnold | Polyacrylamide suspensions for soil conditioning |
| US6395051B1 (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 2002-05-28 | Soil Enhancement Technologies Llc | Small particle polyacrylamide for soil conditioning |
| WO1999026885A1 (en) | 1997-11-24 | 1999-06-03 | University Of Florida | Compositions and methods for adsorption and remediation of organic compounds |
| CA2350023C (en) * | 1998-11-06 | 2007-09-18 | M&M Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Water-holding carriers for plants and water-holding materials for growing plants |
| DE19909214A1 (de) * | 1999-03-03 | 2000-09-07 | Basf Ag | Wasserabsorbierende, schaumförmige, vernetzte Polymerisate mit verbesserter Verteilungswirkung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| MXPA01011475A (es) * | 1999-04-14 | 2003-09-10 | Fuller H B Licensing Financ | Polimero superabsorbente acuoso y metodos para uso. |
| BR0113001B1 (pt) * | 2000-07-18 | 2011-12-13 | processo para produzir um absorvente, uma construção absorvìvel e um material absorvìvel. | |
| US20020042346A1 (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2002-04-11 | The Procter & Gamble Co. | Systems for delivering moisture to plants and soils |
| WO2002015687A2 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2002-02-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Systems for delivering moisture to plants and soils |
| CA2351253A1 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-10 | Groupe Lysac Inc./Lysac Group Inc. | Crosslinked polysaccharide, obtained by crosslinking with substituted polyethylene glycol, as superabsorbent |
| US6906131B2 (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2005-06-14 | Stockhausen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Cellulose material with improved absorbency |
| PE20030419A1 (es) * | 2001-10-10 | 2003-05-31 | Middleway Entpr Ltd | Compuesto hidroabsorbente para acondicionar suelos para uso agricola, forestal y paisajistico |
| CA2423712A1 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-09-26 | Nicolas Nourry | Crosslinked amylopectin by reactive extrusion and its use as an absorbent or superabsorbent material |
| US7730662B2 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2010-06-08 | Encap, Llc. | Soil stabilizer carrier |
| WO2005122668A2 (en) | 2004-06-22 | 2005-12-29 | Biocentral Laboratories Limited | Biodegradable polymeric water retention concentrate |
| WO2006026406A2 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2006-03-09 | Absorbent Technologies, Inc. | Superabsorbent polymers in agricultural applications |
| GB0511359D0 (en) | 2005-06-06 | 2005-07-13 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Coated plant seeds and a method for coating seeds |
| US20070044528A1 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-01 | American Soil Technologies, Inc. | Soil Amendment |
| JP2007116778A (ja) | 2005-10-18 | 2007-05-10 | Ckd Corp | アウターロータ用固定子 |
| US7815807B2 (en) * | 2006-06-26 | 2010-10-19 | Bassett Brian D | Surfactant-based water treatment for irrigated soils |
-
2009
- 2009-03-31 CA CA2720092A patent/CA2720092C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-31 EP EP09728867.4A patent/EP2265647A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-03-31 CN CN200980112040.2A patent/CN101983209B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-31 MX MX2010009942A patent/MX2010009942A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2009-03-31 AU AU2009232384A patent/AU2009232384B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-03-31 BR BRPI0910433A patent/BRPI0910433A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-03-31 US US12/384,067 patent/US8784681B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-31 WO PCT/US2009/001979 patent/WO2009123699A2/en active Application Filing
- 2009-04-01 AR ARP090101165A patent/AR071172A1/es active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009123699A3 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| CN101983209A (zh) | 2011-03-02 |
| AU2009232384B2 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
| CA2720092C (en) | 2017-08-01 |
| AU2009232384A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
| EP2265647A4 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
| WO2009123699A2 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
| BRPI0910433A2 (pt) | 2015-09-29 |
| US20090242833A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
| US8784681B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
| CN101983209B (zh) | 2014-09-03 |
| EP2265647A2 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
| AR071172A1 (es) | 2010-06-02 |
| CA2720092A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| MX2010009942A (es) | Composiciones de polimero responsivas a estimulos de autosituacion en aditivos de suelo y metodos para uso. | |
| GB2530926A (en) | Poly(alkyenylamide)-polysaccharide hydrogels for treatment of subterranean formations | |
| GB201210281D0 (en) | Laying and protecting cable into existing covering surfaces | |
| MX2010003705A (es) | Composiciones de fluido de tratamiento de pozos y procedimientos de uso que incluyen una formulacion de percarbonato de liberacion retardada. | |
| MX2019008781A (es) | Emulsiones bituminosas que contienen un aditivo de esterol para pavimento de asfalto. | |
| AR068194A1 (es) | Composiciones y metodos de tratamiento de semillas | |
| ATE528484T1 (de) | Verfahren und system zur behandlung einer unterirdischen formation mittels umleitung | |
| MX364131B (es) | Composiciones de cemento y métodos que utilizan cemento nanohidráulico. | |
| ZA201001487B (en) | Modified vinylamine-containing polymers as additives in papermaking | |
| MX2012007826A (es) | Composiciones de cemento que comprenden alumina de tamaño sub-micra y metodos asociados. | |
| EA201590300A1 (ru) | Утяжелители в виде частиц с удаляемыми покрытиями и способы их применения | |
| MX2014015807A (es) | Composiciones colorantes para cabello que comprenden 2-metoximetil-1,4-diaminobenceno y 2,6-diaminopiridina, metodos y estuches que comprenden las composiciones. | |
| EA201491482A1 (ru) | Саморазрушающаяся ионно перекрестно-сшитая композиция биополимера для обработки скважины | |
| ATE459677T1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer antistatischen zusammensetzung | |
| MX2015011887A (es) | Composiciones humectantes que aumentan de manera eficaz la retencion de humedad en el suelo y metodos asociados para identificar las mismas. | |
| MX2016007596A (es) | Composiciones y metodo para tratar formacion subterranea. | |
| MX2011007885A (es) | Formulaciones de emulsion de narcoticos para tratamiento de dolor por cancer. | |
| TW200602802A (en) | Imaging composition and method | |
| ATE512698T1 (de) | Verfahren zur vorbereitung einer wässrigen zusammensetzung | |
| ATE490225T1 (de) | Verfahren zur verarbeitung von mörtel und mörtelzusatzzusammensetzung | |
| TW200615004A (en) | Color compositions and methods of using the same | |
| MX2009001861A (es) | Uso de polimeros cationicos particulares en una composicion de tinte y asociados a un agente quelante como agentes anti-oxidantes o anti-radicalares. | |
| WO2012014105A3 (en) | Low-density web and method of applying an additive composition thereto | |
| DE602008003683D1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von asphalt | |
| MX2020007378A (es) | Composicion para marcado de sustratos de superficie dura. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FG | Grant or registration |