MX2007008003A - Masonry block arrangements; wall units; and, methods. - Google Patents

Abstract

Concrete block arrangements are described. The block arrangements are adapted to be interfit, without modification, with at least one, and typically two, additional adjacent concrete blocks in a wall course, with mortarless head joints between the concrete block and the additional concrete block(s). Both stretcher block and corner block versions of the concrete block are described. Also described are: methods of use and assembly; and, resulting wall units.

Description

ARRANGEMENTS IN MASONRY BLOCK, WALL UNITS AND METHODS Field of the Invention The present invention relates to concrete blocks for masonry, and their use to form wall structures, sometimes referred to as concrete masonry walls. The invention relates in particular to block arrangements provided with advantageous features for coupling with adjacent blocks along a layer or row in a wall to facilitate the construction of the wall and with various wall constructions made with the use of blocks. The methods for assembly and its use are also described.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Concrete or masonry wall blocks are well known. In certain applications, the blocks are used to form foundation walls, with mortar applied to the joints of the bed or in the bedside joints. Placing separate mortar in the head joints, in steps separate from the application of mortar in the bed joint, is a time-consuming task and many improvements are sought.

Brief Description of the Invention The present invention relates to improvements where block arrangements (masonry) (or blocks) can be used to form walls as foundation walls, and are configured to be used without mortar in the selected head joints in locations where the intact blocks are coupled to one another (or interlocked with) in a unit or concrete masonry wall. In addition to the exemplary blocks in accordance with this invention, wall arrangements and methods and techniques for forming the blocks and wall arrangements are described. Two specific block arrangements are described in detail, with possible variations. Each specific example, generally, comprises a concrete block adapted to interlock, without modification, with at least one and typically, two additional concrete blocks in a row of wall in a wall section, with header joints without mortar between the concrete block and the at least one additional concrete block. In each case, the concrete block, generally, comprises a body of the concrete block having: a first and second opposed support surfaces, first and second opposite faces (or sides), and first and second opposite ends. The first and second opposed support surfaces usually correspond to the upper and lower surfaces of the block when the block is oriented for a typical use in a wall. The first and second faces (or sides) opposite usually correspond to the internal and external (or opposite) walls or faces in a row of wall formed with the block. The first and second opposite ends define regions that are arranged vertically in a row of wall and typically face towards and away from at least one adjacent block in a corresponding row of wall.

A first end of each of the two specifically shown blocks typically comprises a first member of the first projection / receiver array. In these specific examples described, the first end comprises a first receiving member comprising a central recessed section (block) positioned between the first and second opposing side sections, projections or ears, which define a u-shaped recess at the first end of the body of the block, although other alternatives are possible. An example of the preferred U-shaped recess is provided for convenient interlacing with an adjacent block to form a header joint without mortar between them. Specific alternatives are described for a second end of the concrete block opposite the first end. In one example, the block is a tensor block, having at the second end a second member of the projection / receiver arrangement, in the form of a projection member. Such tension blocks can be adjusted to each other in a row of walls.

In a specific alternative example, the block is a corner block, and the second end includes (as a member of a projection / receiver array) a second recess of the receiving member adjacent to and spaced from, the second end and directed toward a the walls or side faces of the block, to form a corner. In this case, the receiving or receiving member at the second end also has a U-shaped section, and is configured to be interfitted with a projection member in an adjacent block, eg, a tensor block as defined above, to form a corner in the block row of a wall section.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a fragmentary, schematic, perspective view of a section of a concrete masonry wall unit constructed with the use of a tension block in accordance with the present invention. Figure 2 is a schematic, perspective view illustrating a stretcher or side block that can be used in the wall section of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a schematic, fragmentary, top plan view of a header gasket in FIG. a section of wall according to Figure 1. Figure 3 shows adjacent tension blocks according to Figure 2, placed adjacent to each other in a row. Figure 3A is a fragmentary, amplified view of a portion of Figure 3. Figure 4 is a schematic, perspective view of a top filler block, which can be used in the masonry wall unit of Figure 1. Figure 4A is a schematic, perspective view of a top filler block in accordance with Figure 4, with dashed lines defining a hollow or inner core area. Figure 5 is a perspective, schematic view of a corner block that can be used to form corners in a wall unit constructed with the block in accordance with Figure 2.

Figure 6 is a schematic, fragmentary, top plan view of a portion of a wall row with the use of blocks in accordance with Figures 2 and 5. Figure 7 is a perspective, schematic view of a single block for sure it can be used in wall units other than those illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 8 is a perspective, schematic view of a double insurance block that can be used in alternative wall units to those illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 9 is a fragmentary, schematic illustration of a portion of a section of the first alternative masonry wall unit for the arrangement of Figure 1, illustrated with the use of the lock block of Figure 8, the block of Figure 2, a division block and a confronted partition. Figure 10 is a perspective, schematic, fragmented view of a portion of a second wall unit alternative to those illustrated in Figures 1 and 9, with the use of the lock block of Figure 7, the block of Figure 2 , the division block and the confronted block. Figure 11 is a perspective, schematic, fragmented view of a portion of a double-floor slab wall unit, ie, a third wall unit alternative to those illustrated in Figures 1, 9 and 10, among others things, from the blocks of Figures 7 and 2, and the division block. Figure 12 is a perspective, schematic, fragmented view of a portion of a fourth unit of concrete masonry wall alternative to that illustrated in Figures 1 and 9-11, with the use inter alia, of the blocks of Figures 2 and 8 and the division block. Figure 13 is a fragmentary, schematic perspective view of a fifth unit of concrete masonry wall alternative to those illustrated in Figures 1 and 9-12. Figure 14 is a fragmentary, schematic perspective view illustrating a sixth unit of concrete masonry wall alternative to those illustrated in Figures 1 and 9-13. Figure 15 is a fragmentary, schematic, perspective view generally analogous to Figures 1 and 9-14, which illustrates a seventh alternative concrete masonry wall unit.

Detailed Description of the Invention 1. General Characteristics of Concrete Masonry Units With reference to number 1, Figure 1 indicates, in schematic form, a section of a concrete masonry wall or wall unit in accordance with the present invention. Here, the complete concrete masonry walls 1 will be illustrated and characterized in general applications corresponding to the foundations penetration foundations of a building. It should be understood from the following descriptions, that the techniques described can be applied in a variety of alternative masonry or concrete block wall structures. The concrete masonry wall 1 usually includes or comprises a base 2 of foundations and layers or rows 4 of blocks 5 of masonry. For the example shown, the masonry wall 1 comprises four rows or layers 7, 8, 9 and 10 of blocks 5, although it should be understood that another number of layers or rows may be used. In the example shown, the row or layer 7 is the lower end layer, which rests on the lower foundation 2. Row 10, on the other hand, is the upper end layer of block 5, with several other building or block units as described below, placed thereon. In a typical application, the foundation 2 penetration may comprise a foundation wall, with fill land along opposite sides 15 and 16, although other alternatives are possible. The different rows 7-10, are usually built with two types of joints between blocks 5. A first, called here as the bed joints,: Are the joints (horizontal) between rows 7, 8, 9 and 10 adjacent, therefore, the bed joint 20 between the rows 7 and 8, the bed gasket 21 between the rows 8 and 9, and the bed gasket 22 between the rows 9 and 10. In the bed joints between the rows In rows, for example, joints 20, 21, 22 typically, the mortar is provided to secure the blocks 5 in place and to provide strength and integrity to the resulting wall. Also, the use of the mortar in the bed joints 20, 21, 22 assists the wall builder in placing the adjacent blocks, while maintaining the top surface, at the appropriate level in each row. In this way, for example, the constructor can adapt the variations in the specific size of the block due to manufacturing variations (within the tolerance) with the presence of the mortar in the joints of bed between the rows, and still reach level, flat upper surfaces in each row. The different corners 7-10 also, generally, include a plurality of header gaskets therein. The header boards are together, typically oriented vertically, between the adjacent blocks 5 within a given layer or row 7-10. In this way, the gasket 25 is a vertical or header joint between the individual blocks 26, 27. Conventional masonry walls often have more header joints in them, each of which is a vertical joint in many cases is provided with mortar. Compared to the formation of bed joints, which they place in mortar properly in each of the required bed joints can be a time consuming task. The present invention, in part, is related in part to the provision of block arrangements that can be used to reduce the number of vertical or header joints that require separate mortar applications, therefore, the provision of these features allows "without mortar" header joints selected. This can be better understood from the description and details provided below. Still referring to the features shown in Figure 1, the foundation 2 typically comprises a cast concrete structure, sometimes reinforced, for example, with cement 29. The block rows, e.g., rows 7-10 of block 5 , are placed in the foundation 2 and are built up (vertically) several levels appropriate for the construction project involved. In some cases, the top row 10 of the block will comprise a top fill block 70 as described below, depending on the construction project involved, and the rules, standards and construction laws involved. Above the upper layer of row 10, several characteristics of the involved construction project are typically provided. In the example shown in Figure 1, the slab 30 is a cement or concrete slab that is emptied in place with a portion 30a that rests on an upper surface 10u of the row 10. Also, blocks 19 of division on the upper surface 10u of the row 10. The division blocks 19 typically provide the support for a unit 33 or wall structure with a wooden frame, comprising a spline plate 34 and a wall frame 35. With reference still to Figure 1, it should be noted that certain blocks 5p are illustrated as partial blocks, through which a cross-section or section has been taken for the illustrated illustration of section 1 of the wall of Figure 1, for a convenient view of the Figure.

II. Block Arrangements to Form Concrete Wall Units As described above, in accordance with the present invention, block arrangements are provided that facilitate the construction of masonry walls, such as wall 1 of concrete masonry, with a reduced amount of head gaskets that require the application of mortar separately, with the comparison of many normal arrangements. With advantage, as indicated above, the characterized block will typically be used to construct a wall having rows with mortar in the bed joints, between rows. In Figure 2, an exemplary block 5 is illustrated in the form of a 5x block tensor. It should be noted that in addition to the tensioner block 5x, a convenient corner block is provided here, as described below. In Figure 2, the 5x block is shown in a form that can be used as the block 5 in Figure 1. With reference to Figure 2, the 5x block generally comprises: first and second opposite side walls, faces or hulls of face 35, 36 and first and second opposing support surfaces 37, 38. The surfaces 37, 38 typically form the upper part and the lower part of the block 5x, when the block 5x is arranged in a row (for example, row 7, 8, 9 or 10 of Figure 1). In addition, the 5x block has first and second opposite ends 40, 39. The ends 40, 39 generally face towards or away from at least one and typically two blocks adjacent to the 5x block in a row 7, 8, 9 or 10. The 5x block will typically be constructed symmetrically from so that the support surfaces 37 and 38 are flat, and typically the same, and so that the opposite sides of the faces 35 and 36 are flat and typically the same. In some cases, it may be desirable to provide one or more side walls or walls 35, 36 with a decorative finish. This is a matter of taste, as you can understand from the following. Although other alternatives are possible, as described below, the 5x tensor blocks in accordance with the present invention are typically constructed in such a way that the opposite ends 39 and 40 differ greatly from one another, as described below. Although several alternatives are possible, for a typical formation of foundation walls, the 5x block will be constructed so that the height distance between the support surfaces 37, 38 is 15-25 cm, and the distance of the width between the sides 35, 36 is 15-25 cm, and the side length of the wall, defined as the lengths of the faces 35, 36 between the ends e1, e2 is 20-76 cm. An exemplary height dimension of the block is 20.3 cm, a nach of 19.4 cm and a length of 61 cm, although other alternatives are possible. In typical use, the 5x block will be oriented in such a way that one of the supporting surfaces 37, 38 is directed downwards, and the other is oriented upwards. In a typical 5x block, the support surfaces 37, 38 are each flat and extend parallel to each other. In a typical block proposed to have no features or decorative surfaces, the side walls or faces 35, 36 are each flat, parallel or essentially parallel to each other, and perpendicular to the support surfaces 37, 38. The ends 39, 40 of the block are configured with projection / receiver arrangement characteristics to provide the adjacent 5x blocks in a row, with the possibility of interlocking or interlacing the header joint without mortar. In this way, what is provided is an inter-adjustment avoiding the specific need to place mortar in a resulting header joint, for example, the header joint of Figure 1, through the separate addition of mortar from the bed joint application. For the example shown, the end 39 comprises a first member of a second projection / receiver array, in particular a projection member 39x and the end 40 comprises a first member of a first projection / receiver array for example, a 40x member receiver. The projection member 39x is sized to fit-for example, with a receiver member having a shape and size analogous to the receiver member 40x, but in an adjacent 5x block (or other block) in a row. The projection member 39x is more specifically configured with a central projection 42 and side recesses or side recessed sections 43, 44 on opposite sides of the projection 42 and the 40x receiver is configured with a central recessed section 45 and projections or ears 46, 47 opposite sides, on opposite sides of the central recessed section 45. The ears 46, 47 are provided with tips 46t, 47t to be received adjacent or abutting the recessed sections 43, 44 of an adjacent block and the projection 42 is sized to be received within the central recess 40x of the adjacent block. Typically and preferably, the recessed sections 43, 44 and the projection member 39x extend (continuously) between the opposing support surfaces 37, 38. Also, typically the recessed section 45 and the ears 46, 47 extend, (continuously) between the opposing support surfaces 37, 38. Typically and preferably, the ears 46, 47 are provided with an outer side wall or the face portions of each in 47o, 46o, each of which is continuous in a flat manner with the rest of the faces 36, 35, respectively. With reference still to Figure 2, in continuous extension between the upper and lower support surfaces 37, 38, the 5x block optionally is provided with a central core arrangement 50 (opening or recess) in the example shown comprising separate cores, openings or recesses 51, each surrounded by concrete in the form of a network 52. The presence of, the number of, and the size of several cores 51 is in part a matter of selection, depending on the 5x block and its purpose and typically 1-4 cores (openings or holes) are included in opening arrangement 50, each surrounded by a 5x block concrete network. In walls constructed for bending, specifications are typically provided (eg, in accordance with ASTM C90), concerning the amount of network, etc., for the proper structural integrity of the concrete block and the resulting walls. The cores 51 provide a variety of functions. Typically, the core arrangement 50 is provided to reduce the weight of the block. In some cases, the core array 50 also facilitates the handling of the blocks. In certain constructions, reinforcement or concrete paste arrangements can be provided in the core arrangement 50, when the 5x block is installed in a wall or row. Also, the core array 50 can help provide some insulating effect. For the example of the tensor block 5x, illustrated in Figure 2, the core array 50 comprises a plurality of cores 51 (in the example 3), a total length that in the extension parallel to the core to the sides or faces 35, 36 is added at least 60% of the length of the sides 35, 36 with a width of each core corresponding to at least 60% of a distance between faces 35, 36. Variations are possible. Attention is now directed to Figure 3, where a header joint 25 is shown between the adjacent blocks 26 and 27, Figure 1. Figure 3 is schematic and the foundation 2 (Figure 1) below the blocks 5 in the section of row 7 illustrated, it is not displayed. In the header joint 25, the mortar is not necessary to provide a secure section of the wall 1, Figure 1. This is due, in part, to an interlacing or interfitting provided in the joint 25, which comprises a projection arrangement 53 / receiver involving the projection member 42 or the projection in block 26, which projects into the recess or receiving member 45 in block 27. In particular, the ears 46, 47 are shown projected towards and coupled with the recessed sections 44 and 43, respectively. Of course, the structural integrity of the wall 1, Figure 1, is also facilitated by the mortar in the bed joints between the rows. Even with reference to Figure 3, and in particular to the header board 25, it should be noted that in block 27, the central recessed section 45 includes a central portion 45c extended in a direction between the sides 35, 36, those portion a distance corresponding to at least 30% and typically, 40% and 60% of the distance between the faces 35, 36 and is placed centered between them is extended. I also know it should be noted that the central portions 46c, 47c of the ears 46, 47, projecting into the recess 40, are generally confronted with each other, and towards or away from the faces 35, 36. These central straight sections 46c, 47c are they generally extend over a distance of at least 2.5 cm and typically from 3.8 to 8.9 cm in a direction generally parallel to the side walls 35, 36. It should be noted that in some cases, the portions 46c, 47c and 45c may be slightly bevelled in extent from the support surface 37 to the support surface 38. Such a design can facilitate the de-molding during the manufacture of the block, in some cases. Similarly, within the cores 51, there may be a certain lateral bevel in the extension between the surface 37 and 38 again, to facilitate de-molding. Although other alternatives are possible, each of the sections 46c, 47c generally has an extension depth of at least 2.5 foundation, typically of 3.8-8.9 cm, in extension to the central recessed portion 45c, sections 46c, 47c central lines are generally flat sections within the recess 45. Typically, the distance between the straight sections 46c, 47c (ears 46, 47) will be referred to as the recess width for the recess 45. The tip 42t of the projection 42 at Generally, it extends between sections 46c, 47c typically, filling at least 80% of the width of the recess. The tip 42t may be a flat surface, generally extending perpendicular to the sides 36, 35, as shown, but other alternatives are possible.

Referring still to Figure 3, header joint 55 is shown between block 26 and block 56. Header joint 55 is specifically formed between projection member 42 in block 56 and receiver member 40 in the block. 26, in an opposite end projecting member 42 of the block 26. The 5x blocks have the appropriate measurements, so that the faces or the face helmets 35, 36 of the different blocks 5 (ie the blocks 56, 26 and 27 of Figure 3) will be aligned with one another in a generally flat and parallel shape, on each side of the resulting wall. Attention is now directed to Figure 3A, and in particular, to the outwardly or externally directed corner transition sections 60, 61, which are positioned along the exterior of the projection 42 and extend at a directed oblique angle. outward, that is, an angle not parallel and not perpendicular to the plane of and to a plane perpendicular to the side walls 36, 35, the angle is indicated in A. The corner transition sections 60, 61 may be sections of bevelled corner, generally planar in extension between the supporting surfaces 37, 38 and directed away (outwards) from the block where they are placed (block 26) and towards the portions of the block with which they are coupled, block 27. The angle A it is often within the range of 120 ° to 150 °, typically 125 ° to 145 ° and usually between 130 ° and 140 °, and in the example, it is approximately 135 °. The ears 46, 47 for the exemplary block 27 illustrated, each include vertical, inner or inner end edges or sections 64, 65 of inner corner, respectively, typically, as bevelled surfaces, away from the recessed section 45, (and placed in the joint 25 adjacent to the transition sections 61, 60, respectively), and extended at an oblique angle analogous to the angle A; with respect to the surface perpendicular or parallel to the faces 36, 35. This arrangement provides the support of the 5x block against the undesirable levels of lateral movement, that is, the movement in the direction of the double date 69. Sections 64, 65 they can be seen as bevelled inner corners directed towards each other, that is, they made an opposite one of the ears 46, 47 respectively, generally formed flat in extension between the surfaces 37, 38 support. For the example shown, the length of the beveled extension transition sections 60, 61 away from the surfaces 43x, 43y, respectively, is typically within the range of 1.2-5 cm, although variations are possible. In general, the width of the projection tip 42t, against the width of the internal recess between the ears 46, 47 and the spacing between the sections 60, 61 in the projection 42 and the beveled surfaces 64, 65, 46, 47 is selected to prevent movement before the 5x blocks are secured in place with the mortar in the bed joints. Typically, the amount of separation, for example, between surfaces 61, 64 or surfaces 60, 65 is selected not to exceed 2.5 cm, typically not to exceed 1.2 cm, and usually not to exceed 0.3 cm. A typical separation is 0.16 cm. Certain separation facilitates installation. Preferably, when installed, the ears 46, 47 abut the lowered sections 43y, 43x, respectively.

In a typical arrangement, the recessed sections 43, 44 include sections 43x, 43y that extend generally perpendicular to the adjacent side walls 36, 35, respectively. Typically, each of the surfaces 43x, 43y extends inwardly from an adjacent face (36, 35, respectively) an amount of at least 2.5 cm, typically at least 3 cm, and usually within the range of 3-7.6. cm). Referring again to Figure 1, along the upper end row 10 of the block 5 it may be desirable to use the block 5 having an upper support surface with less area occupied by the core arrangement 50, than in the rows 7, 8, 9 lower. For example, this may be required by some building regulations, laws or regulations, depending on the jurisdiction. In general, a high amount of the upper support surface 37 is outside the hollow area, which facilitates the support of any additional structure placed on the upper row 10. In Figure 4, such a block 70, referred to herein as the upper padding block, is illustrated. In general, the block 70 is the outer shape of the tensioning block 5x, with respect to the opposite faces 35, 36 and the support surfaces 37, 38; and the ends 39 and 40. typically, the block 70 differs only from the other 5x tie blocks in lower rows since it has less core area (opening area or void volume) in the surface 37. With respect to this, now it is directs attention to Figure 4A, which shows a side elevation view of block 40, directed towards face 35. The coupling between core 73 and surface 37 is indicated.

Within the core 73 (partially through the block 70, from the support surface 37 to the support surface 38) an internal shoulder handle or shelf 74 is provided. This facilitates the handling of the wall builder, during its use. The reference numbers 75A; 75B, 75c show the volume of the nucleus. It should be noted that the cores 75B, 75C do not extend completely between the support surfaces 37, 38. In this way, the surface 37 has a concrete area (flat), to support the previous structure in the upper end row of the block. Typically, the core 50 (ie, the exemplary core 75A) engages the surface 37 at a location within 1.3-13 cm, typically at least 8 cm from the tip 42t. Although not shown in Figure 1, the typical wall 1 will include corners. The above-described principles, for certain mortar-free head joints, can be applied to adjacent corner blocks, to the head joints between the corner block and the blocks 5 (including, either block 5x or block 70) in one row. An example of such a block of machine is shown in Figure 5, in reference number 80. With reference to Figure 5, the corner block 80 includes the inner face 81, the opposite outer face 82, the head or end 83, the opposite receiver or tail end 84, and a corner or side member 85 of an array projection / receiver. Block 80 also includes opposing support surfaces 86, 87. With reference to block 80, opposing support surfaces 86, 87 are typically flat and parallel to each other, and faces 81, 82 Opposites are typically flat and generally perpendicular to the support surfaces 86, 87. The external dimensions of block 80 are typically analogous to those of the 5x block tensioner, with respect to length, width and height. The face 82 is typically flat, without decorations, perpendicular to the side wall 81 and to the support surfaces 86, 87 and is generally directed as a first exterior face, in a resulting wall, with respect to the corner made by the block 80 of corner. The end 84, generally, comprises a receiver member 84x, constructed analogous to the receiver or receiver member 40, FIG. 2 and includes a central recessed section 87 and ears 88., 89 opposed. In a typical arrangement, the receiving member 84x will correspond in size and shape to the same as the receiving 40x member for the 5x tensor blocks. The particular corner block 80 shown does not include an end with a head projection analogous to the projection 42, Figure 2. Instead, opposite the end 84, the block 80 includes as an external face 83 an end surface without decoration, flat in typical applications, usually perpendicular or almost perpendicular to faces 82 and 81, and support surfaces 86, 87. End surface 83 will generally form a second outer wall of the corner made with block 80. At 85, a second lateral receiving member 85x of a second projection / receiver arrangement is shown. For the particular exemplified block 80 polished, the member 85 x side receiver is an arrangement 91 of receiver, having a central recessed section 92 and side sections 93, 94 on opposite sides thereof. The sections 93, 94 have the size and are spaced apart to accommodate a projection 42 in another block 5 to form a header joint without mortar. Preferably, the corners or edges 93o, 94o, respectively, comprise inner beveled corner sections analogous to sections 64, 65 to facilitate coupling. The member 85 x receiver is typically positioned adjacent and spaced from the end face 83, usually a distance within the range of 2.5-13 cm from the end face 83. Still with reference to Figure 5, the corner block 80 is provided with a core array 80v comprising individual cores 80vi, 80vii, and 80v¡¡¡, each extending continuously between the surfaces 86, 87 of opposite support. The cores of the core array 80v will operate analogously to the core array 50 described above, with analogous characteristics and features. Due to the shape of the block 80 of the member (with the side recess 85) the core viii is smaller than the other two cores 80vi, 80vii. Now the attention is drawn to Figure 6, a portion of row 7 is illustrated, this time showing corners 110, 111. Figure 6 is schematic and therefore, foundation 2 is not illustrated. In Figure 6, the point of view is directed down on the row 7, and the 5x tensor blocks can be observed by coupling the corner blocks 80. More specifically, each corner block 80 can be coupled with at least one (in example two) corner block 5x. The coupling is by means of a projection member in and each of the end blocks 5x extends into one of the two receiver members in the corner block 80. With reference to Figure 6, it should be noted that between the corners 110, 111 the 5x tensioner blocks extend towards each other. However, since each corner block 110, 111 is configured to receive a projection on an adjacent 5x block along the side wall 120, eventually a joint will be present, but does not involve the 5x block unbroken and inter-coupled tensioner. -adjusted with both ends with the two wall sections 120a, 120b. One measure to solve this problem would be to provide an alternative tensor block, not shown, having a projection analogous to the projection 42 (with the recessed side wall sections 43, 44), Figure 2, at each of the two opposite ends. Then, when the wall sections 120b, 120a have the measurements so that the space between them is exactly the same as that of the alternative tensile block, the block will be adjusted in place, holding together without mortar. Although possible, it will typically not be practical for at least two reasons: (a) it is unlikely that the wall 20 can be constructed with the exact correct spacing between sections 120a, 120b and (b) the measure requires the construction and purchase of a special alternative tension block having a projection member of a projection / receiver arrangement at both ends, and therefore, can only be used in one location. Typically, with foundation structures, structures are not exactly measured and constructed to accommodate a whole number, specific tensor blocks in a row. Rather along the length of the wall, at least one of the adjacent blocks will be cut, fragmented or otherwise adjusted to form joints within each row. In such a location, one or more cutting or partial blocks will be used, with mortar applied to an associated head gasket. In this way, the configuration of the wall 120 with tails 121, 122 directed towards each other, is constructed in advance, so that along the wall 120 such a joint requires one or more partial blocks and mortar in at least one joint header. From the above, it can be understood that the wall units constructed with the 5x block and the corner blocks 80 in accordance with the present invention, will not be completely free of mortar with respect to the addition of mortar in each header joint. Rather, typically each row will include selected head joints between the block fragments or portions (or a block or fragments or block portions), which include header gasket mortar. However, between intact tensile blocks and corner blocks 80, header joints without mortar are possible. With reference still to Figure 6, it should be noted that for the next row 8 on the row 7, the individual blocks can be placed so that the head joints are stacked. This is shown in Figure 1, for example. In the arrangement of Figure 6, this can be accommodated by placing a corner block in the corner 110 in the next upper row, which is oriented with the side recess 85, Figure 5, directed downwards from the wall 123, and with an end 84 facing downwards from the section 120a of the wall. With reference to Figure 1, the row 10 using a top filler block 70 can be constructed in the same way as the row 7, Figure 6, and the top fill version of the corner block 80 can be used. Thus, the techniques described herein can be used to construct similar foundation walls and wall units more quickly due to the substantial reduction in time necessary for the placement of the mortar in the header joints. It should be noted that typically, it is preferred to construct a row of wall with block 5 by first placing a block with a receiver, and then placing a block with a projection inside the receiver. Thus, a convenient construction for corner blocks, is with two receivers as shown in Figure 5, and a convenient structure for the tensor blocks, is with a receiver and with an opposite projection. Other alternatives are possible. For example, corner blocks can be constructed with a receiver and with a projection, in either of the two possibilities, that is, a receiver on one end or on the side and a projection on the side or end. In addition, the tensor blocks can be constructed to have two opposite projections or two opposite receivers. However, variations are not as practical as the arrangements shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5 for the following reasons: a minimum number of mold variations is used for the arrangements in Figures 3, 4 and 5 and as indicated before, usually, it is convenient to form a header board when first placing a block with one end of glue or a receiver member in place in a row, and then carry the projection or header towards its coupling.

III. Additional block, exemplary Wall Arrangements - Figures 7 to 15 Attention is now directed to Figure 9, which schematically shows a section 200 of an alternative wall to that illustrated in Figure 1. Section 200 includes a base 202 analogous to base 2, with concrete 29. In addition, unit 200 of wall includes rows 7, 8 and 9 of block 5 tensioner. Of course, rows 7, 8, 9 can be constructed to include corners with corner block 80 used analogous to corner 110, 111, Figure 6. Also, upper fill block 70 can be used in row 9, when be desired Also, an alternative number of rows can be used. The upper surface 9u of the upper row 9 has a row layer 230 of double boss blocks 231 therein. An example of such double-ended block 231 is shown in Figure 8. With reference to Figure 8, block 231 comprises: an upper support surface 232, a lower support surface 233, opposite sides or faces 234, 235, and opposite end faces 236, 237. The faces 234, 235 are typically planar and have the shape for beveling or bending inwardly, in extension from the upper support surface 232 to the lower support surface 233. This creates a broad upper surface 232, to support the building features on it.

Referring still to Figure 8, block 231 is typically a masonry block that includes a central core array 250, for weight reduction. The end walls 236, 237 extend perpendicular to the support surfaces 232, 233. In the header joints between the adjacent blocks 231 in the row 230, mortar can be used. With reference to Figure 9, as a result of the double-skin blocks 231, the upper surface 230u is sufficiently wide to include, supported thereon, a facing wall 260, slab 270 and a wall unit 280 comprising a plate 281 of spun and a frame 282 of wall. The confronted partition 260 and the slab 270 are placed on opposite sides of a row 290 of the confronted block 19. Now turn attention to Figure 10, which illustrates a section 300 of a masonry wall unit. Section 300 includes a base 302 with concrete 329 spread therethrough. The wall section 300 includes three rows 7, 8 and 9 of the blocks 5. These features may, in general, be the same as those previously described in connection with Figure 1 and the related Figures. On the upper surface 9u of the wall row 9, a row 330 of a block 331 of a single shoulder is placed. Such block 331 is illustrated in Figure 7.

With reference to Figure 7, the single-shoulder block 331 includes an upper support surface 332, a lower support surface 333, side or side faces 334, 335, and opposite end faces 336 and 337. The faces 334, 336 and 337, generally, extend perpendicular to the walls 332, 333 of upper and lower support. Without However, the face 335 is generally a beveled surface, extended at an angle not orthogonal to the surfaces 332, 333 and inwardly bevelled in extension from the upper surface 332 to the lower surface 333. With reference to Figure 10, row 330 and block 331 provide the upper support surface 330u, sufficiently wide to support therein a row of a division block 19, the septum 360 confronted and the. structure 280 of wall, which comprises the plate 281 of course and the frame 282 of the wall. The slab 370 is not illustrated supported on the wall section 300. However, in some embodiments of the slab 370, it can be emptied with a portion that rests on the selected features that provide a load support downward through the rows 7, 8, 9 on the basement 302. Of course, with the arrangement of Figure 10, as with the arrangement of Figures 1 and 9, the number of rows and the detailed characteristics within the rows may vary from those shown. This is true for the remaining wall sections, described with respect to Figures 11-15. Referring next to Figure 11, section 400 of additional wall is shown. Again, the base 402 is provided with a concrete 29 therein. The rows 7, 8, 9 of the 5x tensor blocks are illustrated. Of course, the corners can be handled analogously to those described above in connection with Figure 6, and the filling block 80 can be used, if desired. The upper level 9u of the row 9 is provided with a row 430 of a block 331 of a single shoulder, Figure 7. This provides an upper surface 430u of the row 430 wide enough to support the opposing slabs 440, 441 and one row of division block 19. On the partition block 19 there is provided a wall structure 450 comprising the filling plate 451 and the wall frame 452. Of course, in some alternatives, instead of a single-shoulder block 331, a double-raised block 231, provided with a wider upper support surface, can be used to support more structure. In Figure 12, a wall section 500 is illustrated, which comprises a base 502 with concrete 29 therein. The position of the base 502 in the rows 7, 8 and 9 of the tension blocks 5. Of course, the corners can be handled analogous to the corners 110, 111, of Figure 6. On the upper surface 9u of the row 9 a row 120 is provided which includes: double-raised blocks 231, Figure 8 and occasionally (between the double-lumen blocks 231) a support or support block 530. The support block 530 has the measures to extend outwards from the opposite sides of the wall, enough to support the slabs 540, 541. In this way, the slabs 540, 541 are supported in blocks 530 of separate support placed in the row 520. On the row 520 a division block 519 is provided, in this case a block wider than the block 19, previously shown. On the block 519 a wall unit 550 is supported comprising a double wall that includes a double-row 551 plate and two 552 wall frame sections. Now the attention is directed to Figure 13, where another variation in the wall structure 600 is shown. Structure 600 includes a base 602 having a concrete 29 therein. On the base 602 the rows 7, 8 and 9 of the tension block 5 are provided. Of course, the corners can be handled according to the description for corners 110, 111, Figure 6. On the upper surface 9u of the row 9 there is provided a row 610 of a block 331 of single shoulder, Figure 7. On the row 610 several articles are placed. For example, the concrete slab 630 is shown emptied into place, extended through an opening in a sidewall indicated generally at 631. Also, a row of a partition block 19 is provided, which supports to the wall unit 650 comprising the spline plate 651 and the wall frame 552. Referring now to Figure 14, the wall unit 700 is illustrated, which comprises a base 702 with a concrete 29 therein. Placed on the base 702 are the rows 7, 8 and 9 of the 5x block tensioner. The corners can be handled in the same manner as the corners 110, 111, Figure 6. On the upper surface 9u of the row 9, a row 720 of a double-ended block 231 is provided, Figure 8. On it, there is provided a row 721 of a wide division block 730. The slabs 750 and 751 are shown emptied in their place, in this case, not supported by the wall unit 700. On the row 721 there is provided a double-width wall unit 760 comprising a first wall 761 with a spline plate 762 and a frame 763, and a second wall 771 comprising a spline plate 772 and a wall structure 773. The wall section 700 of Figure 14 may, for example, comprise a dividing wall, between apartments or building units. When desired, an arrangement, for example, analogous to that of Figure 12, can be provided for support slabs 751, 752. Attention is now directed to Figure 15, where a section 800 of wall comprising a base 802 with concrete 29 is illustrated therein. On the base 802 the rows 7, 8 and 9 of the tensioning block 5x are provided. The corners can be handled in a manner analogous to those previously described with respect to Figure 6, at 110 and 111. On the upper surface 9u of row 9 a row 820 of a double-lump block 231 is provided. A double support block 231, slab 840, row 841 of partition block 19 and counter 842 of partition 843 are provided on the double-sided block 231. On the partition block 19 there is provided a wall section 870 which it comprises a spline plate 871 and the wall frame 872. From the previous examples, it will be evident that the techniques described herein can be applied in a variety of arrangements and to form a variety of walls.

IV. Exemplary Materials The blocks of the type described herein for the 5x tension blocks (whether or not in the form of top fill blocks 870) and the corner blocks 80 can be formed as concrete blocks, i.e. wet-molded concrete blocks. or a dry-cast concrete block. The characteristics of these can be adapted to each application. The methods for dry molding for the formation of concrete can be advantageous in many cases.

V. Some General Observations In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a concrete block adapted to interlock, without modification, is provided with at least one and typically two additional concrete blocks in a row of wall, without header seams. without mortar between the concrete block and the at least one additional concrete block. There is no specific requirement for the blocks to be applied in a row of wall, so there is no mortar or header joints inside the wall. Rather, the concrete block is adapted to intertwine with at least one adjacent block, as indicated, without the need to add mortar at the header joint at the associated header joint, if desired. As explained above, in some walls, the dimensions can not provide the complete placement of blocks in a row, without mortar or bedside joints. Typically, the blocks are used with mortar in the bed joints. Typically, the block includes a concrete block body comprising: first and second opposing support surfaces, first and second opposing faces or sides; and first and second opposite ends. The first and second opposing support surfaces are usually oriented flat and mirror-like to each other, as upper and lower surfaces of the block when placed in a row of wall. The first and second opposite faces, generally provide portions of opposite sides of a wall formed with the block and typically the side faces are flat and without decoration, although variations are possible. The first and second opposite ends, in general, face towards and away from at least one adjacent block in the row. When the block is a tensor block, typically, the opposite ends are confronted towards and away from two adjacent blocks. When the block is a corner block, typically one of the ends is placed facing an adjacent block and the second opposite end forms an outer corner directed away from the block that is adjacent to the first end. With the block according to the present invention, the first end comprises a first member of a first projection / receiver arrangement. Typically, the first member of the first projection / receiver array is a receiving member, although they are possible other alternatives The typical receiver member comprises a u-shaped channel formed in a continuous extension between the opposing support surfaces and includes a central recessed section and a first and second opposite sides or ears. The central section (which is recessed) along the opposite ears that define a U-shaped recess in the first end of the block body. The U-shaped recess is configured as a receiver member (or tail) to receive a projection in an adjacent block, with header joint without mortar formed in the resulting joint, during use. In the example shown, the first side or ear includes an inner corner transition portion or a remote bevelled surface from the central recessed section, which is directed towards the U-shaped recess and towards the second ear and which extends non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first face, and the second lateral ear includes an inner corner transition portion or remote bevelled surface of the central recessed section, oriented like a mirror image of the first lateral projection and thus directed towards the u-shaped recess extended non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first side or side (and therefore, to the second). The concrete blocks also include another first member of a second projection / receiver array. The first member of the second projection / receiver array usually comprises one of: a first projection or projection member and a second receiver or receiver member. When the first member of the second projection / receiver array comprises a first projection or projection member, it is typically placed at the second end of the block, which projects in a direction opposite to the first member of the first projection / receiver array. In such circumstances, the first projection member typically comprises a central projection having first and second side recessed sections, opposite on opposite sides thereof. The projection member may extend between the first and second opposing support surfaces and project from one end of the body of the block in a direction away from the first end. Typically, the first projection member has a first and second outer corner transition sections, opposite, portions or beveled surfaces adjacent to the first and second opposed side recess sections. The transition portions typically and preferably extend non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first and second wall sections, opposite side walls of the first projection member. Typically, the first projection member also has a projection tip, usually with the width corresponding to at least 80% of the recess width of the first recess member. In circumstances where the body of the concrete block includes the first end comprising the first member of a first projection / receiver array as characterized and a second end comprising a first projection of a second projection receiver array is characterized, the block is a tension block, configured for coupling with another similar tension block or with corner blocks in a row of wall. As indicated above, in some cases the first member of a second projection / receiver comprises a second receiving member. When such is the case, and the block is a corner block, the receiving member is placed on one side of the adjacent block but separated from the second end of the block typically, within a distance of about 2.5-13 cm from the second end of the block. The second receiving member may be configured in another manner analogous to the first receiving member, except directed to one side of the block opposite one end.

Alternative examples are identified, wherein the corner block includes: two projection members, one on one end, one on one side or a receiving member and one projection member (the first oriented at the end or on the side with the second on the side or on the end, respectively). Also, the tensor block may comprise any of two receiving members or two projection members. These arrays, which can be constructed with features as described above, can be used, but typically are not preferred.

Claims (15)

1. CLAIMS 1. A concrete block adapted to be interlaced, without modification with at least one additional concrete block in a row of wall, with a mortarless header joint between the concrete block and the at least one additional concrete block, the block of concrete is characterized in that it comprises: a) a body of the concrete block including first and second opposing support surfaces; first and second opposite faces and first and second block ends, opposite; i) the first end of the block comprises a first member of a first projection / receiver array, A) the first member of the first projection / receiver array comprises a first receiver member; 1) the first receiving member comprises a central recessed section positioned between the first and second opposing ears, the central recessed section and the first and second ears define a u-shaped recess in the first end of the body of the block; 2) the u-shaped recess extends continuously between the first and second opposing support surfaces; 3) the first ear includes a first corner transition portion directed inwardly away from the central recessed section, the first corner transition portion is directed towards the second ear, extended non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first face, and extended continuously between the first and second opposing support surfaces; and 4) the second ear includes a second corner transition portion, directed inward away from the recessed center section, the second corner transition portion is directed towards the first ear, extended non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first face and continuously extended between the first and second opposing support surfaces; and the body of the concrete block also includes a first member of a second projection / receiver comprising one of a first projection member and a second receiver member; the first projection member, when present, is at the second end of the block and comprises a central projection positioned between the first and second opposed side recess sections; A) the first projection member extends continuously between the first and second opposing support surfaces and projects from the rest of the body of the block in a direction away from the first end; and B) the first projection member has first and second outer, opposite corner transition portions adjacent to the first and second opposed side, recess sections, respectively; 1) the first corner transition portion is directed outwards and extends non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first face; and 2) the second outer corner transition portion is directed outward and extended not perpendicular and not parallel to the second face; and the second receiving member, when present, is on the second side of the block and adjacent but separate to the second side sections of the block; A) the second receiving member comprises a central recessed section and first and second opposed side sections; 1) the second receiving member extends continuously between the first and second support surfaces and includes a first interior corner section in the first section lateral at a remote location from the recessed-central section and directed towards the second lateral section, the first inner corner section extends not perpendicular and not parallel to the second face of the block; and 2) the second section includes a second inner corner section in the second lateral section and a remote location from the central recessed section, directed toward the first lateral section and extended not perpendicular and not parallel to the second face of the block; and 3) the central recessed section and the first and second side sections of the second receiving member defining a U-shaped side recess extending continuously between the first and second opposing support surfaces. The concrete block according to claim 1, characterized in that: a) the first member of the second projection / receiver arrangement is the second receiving member of 1 (b) (¡) placed on the second face at a location adjacent to the second end of the block; and) the concrete block is configured as a corner block with a flat surface at the second end. 3. The compliance block in accordance with the claim 2, characterized in that: a) the u-shaped lateral recess of the second receiving member is spaced a distance of at least 2.5 cm and not more than 13 cm from the second end of the block. 4. The compliance block in accordance with the claim 3, characterized in that: a) the first end section of the second receiving member includes a first, non-beveled, straight section of at least 2.5 cm in depth in extension toward the central recessed section; and b) the second lateral section of the second receiving member includes a first, non-bevelled, straight section of at least 2.5 cm in depth in extension toward the central recessed wall. 5. The compliance block according to claim 1, characterized in that: a) the distance between the first and second support surfaces is within the range of 15 cm to 25 cm; inclusive; b) the distance between the opposite faces of the block is within the distance of 15 cm to 15 cm, inclusive; and c) the total length of the first side of the block is within the range of 20 cm to 76 cm, inclusive. The conformance block according to claim 1, characterized in that: a) the first member of the second projection / receiver array is the first projection member of 1 (b) (¡); Y b) the concrete block is configured as a tension block. The compliance block according to claim 6, characterized in that: a) the u-shaped recess of the first receiving member has a first width of the recess; and b) the first projection member has a projection tip with a width corresponding to at least 80% of the first width of the recess. The compliance block according to claim 6, characterized in that: a) the first and second side recessed sections, each one includes a central section extended parallel to each other and each extended perpendicular to the first and second sides of the block . The compliance block according to claim 7, characterized in that it includes: a) a core arrangement surrounded by a concrete core and continuously extended between the first and second support surfaces. 10. The compliance block according to claim 9, characterized in that: a) the core arrangement comprises a single core surrounded by a block of concrete and placed within a distance of 8 cm from the second end of the block. 11. The compliance block according to claim 10, characterized in that: a) the core array comprises a plurality of cores, each surrounded by a block of concrete and having a total length of the core, in a direction parallel to the first and second sides, of at least 60% of the length of each one of the first and second sides. A section of wall characterized in that it includes: a) a row of block including first and second tension blocks, each according to claim 6, placed adjacent to each other with a header joint without mortar between them; i) the first projection member at the second end of the second tensor block projects into the first receiving member at the first end of the first block. 13. A wall section characterized in that it includes: a) a block row that includes first and second concrete blocks; i) the first concrete block comprises a corner block according to claim 2; ii) the second concrete block comprises a tension block according to claim 6; iii) the second concrete block is positioned with the first projection member thereon, which projects into the first and second receiving members of the first concrete block; and iv) a header joint between the first and second concrete blocks without mortar. 14. A concrete block adapted to interlock, without modification, with at least one additional concrete block in a row of wall, with a mortarless header joint between the concrete block and the at least one additional concrete block, the The concrete block comprises: a) a body of the concrete tensioner block including first and second opposed support surfaces, first and second opposite faces and first and second block ends, opposite; i) the first end of the block comprises a first member of a first projection / receiver array including one of: A) a first receiver member comprising: 1) a central recessed section positioned between the first and second opposite ears, the section central recess and the first and second ears define a u-shaped recess in the first end of the body of the block; 2) the u-shaped recess extends continuously between the first and second opposing support surfaces; 3) the first ear includes a first corner transition portion away from the central recessed section, the first corner transition portion is directed towards the second ear, extended non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first and extended face continuously between the first and second opposing support surfaces; and the second ear includes a second corner transition portion directed inwardly away from the central recessed section, the second corner transition portion is directed towards the first ear, extended non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first face and continuously extended between the first and second supporting surfaces, opposite; and a first projection member comprising a central projection positioned between the first and second opposed side recess sections; 1) the first projection member extends continuously between the first and second opposing support surfaces and projects from the rest of the body of the block in a direction away from the first end; and 2) the first projection member has first and second outer corner transition portions adjacent to the first and second opposite side recess sections, respectively; the first outer corner transition portion is directed outward and extends non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first face; Y 11) the second outer corner transition portion is directed outward and extends not perpendicular and not parallel to the second face; and second end of the block comprises a first second member projection / receiver arrangement comprising one first receiving member comprising: 1) a central recessed section positioned between the first and second opposing ears, the central recessed section and the first and second ears define a u-shaped recess at the second end of the body of the block; 2) the u-shaped recess in the second end of the block body extends continuously between the first and second support surfaces; 3) the first ear at the second end includes a first corner transition portion directed inwardly from the central recessed section; the first corner transition portion is directed towards the second ear at the second end, extended non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first and extended face continuously between the first and second opposing support surfaces; and 4) the second ear at the second end includes a second corner transition portion directed inwardly from the central recess portion, the second corner transition portion is directed towards the first ear at the second end, extended non-parallel and not perpendicular to the; first face and continuously extended between the first and second opposing support surfaces; and a first projection member comprising a central projection positioned between the first and second lateral recessed sections; 1) the first projection member extends continuously between the first and second opposing support surfaces and projects from the rest of the body of the block in a direction away from the first end; and 2) the first projection member has first and second outer, opposite corner transition portions adjacent to the first and second opposed side recess sections, respectively; / 47 I) the first outer corner transition portion is directed outward and extends non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first face, II) the second outer corner transition portion is directed outward and extends not perpendicular and not parallel to the second side. 15. A concrete block adapted to intertwine, without modification, with at least one additional concrete block in a row of wall, with a mortarless header joint between the concrete block and the at least one additional concrete block , the concrete block is characterized in that it comprises: a) a body of the concrete corner block including: first and second opposing support surfaces, first and second opposite faces and first and second opposite block ends; i) a first end of the block comprising a first member of a first projection / receiver array comprising one of: A) a first receiving member comprising: 1) a central recessed section positioned between the first and second opposite ears, the the central recessed section and the first and second ears define a u-shaped recess in the first end of the body of the block; 2) the u-shaped recess extends continuously between the first and second opposing support surfaces; 3) the first ear includes a first corner transition portion directed inwardly away from the central recessed section, the first corner transition portion is directed towards the second ear, extended non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first face, and extended continuously between the first and second supporting surfaces, opposite; and 4) the second ear includes a second corner transition portion away from the central recessed section, the second corner transition portion is directed towards the first ear, extended non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first face, and continuously extended between the first and second opposing support surfaces; and a first projection member comprising a central projection positioned between the first and second lateral recessed sections; 1) a first projecting member continuously extended between the first and second opposing support surfaces, and project from the rest of the body of the block in a direction away from the second end; and 2) the first projection member has first and second corner transition portions, opposite adjacent to the first and second side recessed, opposite sections, respectively; 1) a first corner transition portion directed outwards and extended non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first face; and 11) the second corner transition portion is directed outward and extended not perpendicular and not parallel to the second face; and ii) the second end block comprises a flat end surface and includes a first member of a second adjacent projection / receiver array separated from the end surface, which comprises one of: A) a second receiving member comprising a central recessed section positioned between the first and second opposite lateral sections, the central recessed section and the first and second ears define a u-shaped recess in the second side and spaced apart from the flat end surface of the body of the block; a u-shaped recess continuously extended between the first and second opposing support surfaces; the first side section includes a first corner transition portion directed inwards, away from the central recessed section, the first corner transition portion is directed towards the second side section, extended non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first side and extended continuously between the first and second supporting surface, opposite; and the second side section includes a second corner transition portion directed inward away from the central recessed section; the second corner transition portion is directed towards the first lateral section, extended non-parallel and not perpendicular to the first face, and continuously extended between the first and second opposing support surfaces; and B) a second projection member comprising a central projection positioned between the first and second opposed side recess sections; 1) the second projecting member extends continuously between the first and second supporting surfaces, opposite and projects from the rest of the body of the block in a direction away from the first face; Y 2) the second projection member has first and second outer corner transition portions, opposite adjacent to the first and second recessed, side, opposite sections, respectively; I) the first corner transition portion is directed outwards and extends non-parallel and not perpendicular to the second face; and II) the second corner transition portion is directed outward and extended not perpendicular and not parallel to the second face.