MD902Z - Process for treatment of spring wheat - Google Patents

Process for treatment of spring wheat Download PDF

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MD902Z
MD902Z MDS20140116A MDS20140116A MD902Z MD 902 Z MD902 Z MD 902Z MD S20140116 A MDS20140116 A MD S20140116A MD S20140116 A MDS20140116 A MD S20140116A MD 902 Z MD902 Z MD 902Z
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Moldova
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wheat
development
spring wheat
plants
glycosides
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MDS20140116A
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Romanian (ro)
Russian (ru)
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Наталия МАЩЕНКО
Алла БОРОВСКАЯ
Раиса ИВАНОВА
Владимир ШУКАНОВ
Лариса КОРЫТЬКО
Надежда ПОЛЯКОВА
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Институт Генетики, Физиологии И Защиты Растений Академии Наук Молдовы
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Abstract

Изобретение относится к сельскому хозяйству, в частности к способу обработки яровой пшеницы.Способ, согласно изобретению, включает обработку растений пшеницы в фазе кущения водным раствором, содержащим 5x10-4 % суммарного экстракта иридоидных гликозидов из растений Linaria genistifolia L. Mill, полученного путем экстракции воднометанольным раствором при кипячении, с общим расходом 250 л/га.Результат состоит в повышении устойчивости яровой пшеницы к фитопатогенам Pyrenophora teres и Fusarium spp.The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a method for processing spring wheat. The method according to the invention includes the treatment of wheat plants in the tillering phase with an aqueous solution containing 5x10-4% of the total extract of iridoid glycosides from Linaria genistifolia L. Mill plants obtained by extraction with water methanol solution at boiling, with a total flow rate of 250 l / ha. The result is to increase the resistance of spring wheat to the pathogens Pyrenophora teres and Fusarium spp.

Description

Invenţia se referă la agricultură, şi anume la un procedeu de tratare a grâului de primăvară. The invention relates to agriculture, namely to a process for treating spring wheat.

Este cunoscut procedeul de sporire a rezistenţei grâului faţă de patogenii bolilor foliare prin tratarea plantelor cu soluţie de tomatozidă [1]. The process of increasing wheat resistance to foliar disease pathogens by treating plants with tomatozide solution is known [1].

Dezavantajul procedeului dat constă în efectul insuficient al tratării plantelor de grâu cu soluţii de tomatozidă, totodată tehnologia de obţinere a preparatului de tomatozidă este costisitoare din punct de vedere economic, implicând costuri ridicate ale materiei prime - seminţelor de tomate. The disadvantage of this process is the insufficient effect of treating wheat plants with tomatozide solutions, while the technology for obtaining the tomatozide preparation is economically expensive, involving high costs of the raw material - tomato seeds.

Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia este consolidarea rezistenţei grâului de primăvară faţă de bolile fungice, reducerea răspândirii şi a gradului de dezvoltare a lor. The problem solved by the invention is to strengthen the resistance of spring wheat to fungal diseases, reducing their spread and degree of development.

Procedeul de tratare a grâului de primăvară, conform invenţiei, include tratarea plantelor de grâu în faza de înfrăţire cu o soluţie apoasă ce conţine 5x10-4 % extract sumar de glicozide iridoidice din plante de Linaria genistifolia L. Mill, obţinut prin extragere cu soluţie hidrometanolică la fierbere, cu un consum total de 250 L/ha. The spring wheat treatment process, according to the invention, includes treating wheat plants in the twinning phase with an aqueous solution containing 5x10-4 % summary extract of iridoid glycosides from Linaria genistifolia L. Mill plants, obtained by extraction with boiling hydromethanolic solution, with a total consumption of 250 L/ha.

Suma de glicozide (genistifoliozide) se obţine din plante sălbatice indigene Linaria genistifolia L. Mill, fam. Scrophulariaceae. The sum of glycosides (genistifoliosides) is obtained from the indigenous wild plant Linaria genistifolia L. Mill, family Scrophulariaceae.

Rezultatul invenţiei constă în mărirea rezistenţei grâului de primăvară faţă de agenţii fitopatogeni Pyrenophora teres Drechsler şi Fusarium spp., ce contribuie la reducerea răspândirii şi a gradului de dezvoltare a bolilor fungice. The result of the invention consists in increasing the resistance of spring wheat to the phytopathogenic agents Pyrenophora teres Drechsler and Fusarium spp., which contributes to reducing the spread and degree of development of fungal diseases.

Glicozidele iridoidice sumare din Linaria genistifolia L. Mill s-au obţinut în modul următor: masa vegetală a plantei (partea aeriană) uscate, în cantitate de 300 g, a fost mărunţită şi extrasă cu soluţie hidrometanolică de 60% de 3 ori prin fierbere. Extractele au fost unite şi concentrate prin distilare în vid, iar reziduul apos a fost trecut prin coloană cu Sephadex LH-20. Coloana a fost eluată cu apă, apoi cu soluţie hidrometanolică de 10%, după care cu metanol. Eluatele cu soluţie hidrometanolică de 10% şi metanol au fost unite şi concentrate prin distilare în vid până la uscat. În reziduul uscat (4,6 g) au fost detectate cu ajutorul cromatografiei în strat subţire de silicagel 4 glicozide iridoidice, denumite genistifoliozide 1-4. Conform cercetărilor ulterioare, după separarea componentelor amestecului prin metode cromatografice, cu ajutorul procedeelor fizico-chimice, spectroscopiei H1 şi 13C RMN, genistifoliozidele 1-4 au fost identificate prin comparare cu datele bibliografice după cum urmează: 1 - antirinozida; 2 - linariozida; 3 - 5-O-alozilantirinozida; 4 - 6-b-hidroxiantirida. De asemenea, s-a stabilit că 5-O-alozilantirinozida este componenta majoră în amestecul sumar de glicozide iridoidice. The total iridoid glycosides from Linaria genistifolia L. Mill were obtained as follows: the dried plant mass (aerial part), in an amount of 300 g, was ground and extracted with 60% hydromethanol solution 3 times by boiling. The extracts were combined and concentrated by vacuum distillation, and the aqueous residue was passed through a Sephadex LH-20 column. The column was eluted with water, then with 10% hydromethanol solution, and then with methanol. The eluates with 10% hydromethanol solution and methanol were combined and concentrated by vacuum distillation to dryness. In the dry residue (4.6 g) 4 iridoid glycosides, called genistifoliosides 1-4, were detected using silica gel thin layer chromatography. According to further research, after separation of the components of the mixture by chromatographic methods, using physicochemical procedures, H1 and 13C NMR spectroscopy, genistifoliosides 1-4 were identified by comparison with bibliographic data as follows: 1 - antirinoside; 2 - linarioside; 3 - 5-O-allosylantirinoside; 4 - 6-b-hydroxyantirinoside. It was also established that 5-O-allosylantirinoside is the major component in the total mixture of iridoid glycosides.

Exemplu de realizare a invenţiei Example of embodiment of the invention

Cercetările au fost efectuate în condiţii de laborator şi de câmp pe plante de grâu de primăvară, soiul Rostan. The research was conducted under laboratory and field conditions on spring wheat plants, the Rostan variety.

În condiţii de laborator glicozidele sumare din Linaria genistifolia (genistifoliozide) în intervalul concentraţiilor 10-4…5х10-4% au fost testate la activitatea fungicidă faţă de două specii de fungi: Pyrenophora teres Drechsler - agent patogen de pătare reticulară a frunzelor şi Fusarium spp. - patogen de fuzarioză, populaţiile cărora au fost izolate din plante de grâu infectate. Pentru comparaţie a fost utilizată tomatozida {3-O-β-D-glucopiranozil (1→2)-O-β-D-glucopiranozil (1→4)-O-β-D-galactopiranozid-[(25S)-5α-furostan-3β,22α,26-triol-26-O-β-D-glucopiranozid}, obţinut din seminţe de Solanum lycopersicum Mill. [Hiroji SATO, Sadao SAKAMURA. Bitter of Tomato Seeds Isolation and Structure of a New Furostanol Saponin. Agr. Biol. Chem., 37 (2), 1973, p. 225-231]. In laboratory conditions, the total glycosides from Linaria genistifolia (genistifoliosides) in the concentration range of 10-4…5х10-4% were tested for fungicidal activity against two species of fungi: Pyrenophora teres Drechsler - pathogen of reticulate leaf spot and Fusarium spp. - pathogen of fusariosis, the populations of which were isolated from infected wheat plants. For comparison, tomatoside {3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside-[(25S)-5α-furostane-3β,22α,26-triol-26-O-β-D-glucopyranoside}, obtained from seeds of Solanum lycopersicum Mill. [Hiroji SATO, Sadao SAKAMURA. Bitter of Tomato Seeds Isolation and Structure of a New Furostanol Saponin. Agr. Biol. Chem., 37 (2), 1973, p. 225-231].

În acest scop, în cutii Petri sterile cu diametrul de 15 mm s-au turnat câte 15 ml de mediu nutritiv cu soluţii de glicozide, sterilizat anterior. După solidificarea mediului în centrul cutiei pe suprafaţa agarului s-au adăugat sporii fungilor. Timp de 10 zile de cultivare în luminostat s-a măsurat diametrul zonelor de creştere. Fiecare experiment a fost efectuat în 4 replici. În calitate de control au servit cutiile cu mediu nutritiv fără glicozide. Activitatea fungicidă a fost determinată prin măsurarea modificării diametrului zonei de creştere a fungilor patogeni sus-numiţi. For this purpose, 15 ml of previously sterilized nutrient medium with glycoside solutions were poured into sterile Petri dishes with a diameter of 15 mm. After the medium solidified in the center of the dish on the agar surface, fungal spores were added. During 10 days of cultivation in the light, the diameter of the growth zones was measured. Each experiment was performed in 4 replicates. The dishes with nutrient medium without glycosides served as a control. The fungicidal activity was determined by measuring the change in the diameter of the growth zone of the above-mentioned pathogenic fungi.

Rezultatele cercetărilor au arătat că genistifoliozidele în ambele concentraţii au inhibat dezvoltarea miceliului fungic (tab. 1, fig. 1), în plus creşterea concentraţiei a sporit semnificativ eficacitatea preparatului. Astfel, diametrul zonelor de dezvoltare a Fusarium spp. în cutiile Petri cu preparatul genistifoliozidă cu concentraţia de 5х10-4% a fost mai mic cu 54,5% în comparaţie cu tomatozida şi cu 92,7% faţă de varianta de control. Diametrul zonei de dezvoltare a patogenului de pătare reticulară a frunzelor Pyrenophora teres, în urma adăugării în mediul de cultivare a preparatului testat în concentraţie de 5х10-4%, a fost mai mic cu 67,5% decât în varianta cu tomatozidă (tab. 1, fig. 2). The results of the research showed that genistifoliosides in both concentrations inhibited the development of fungal mycelium (tab. 1, fig. 1), in addition, increasing the concentration significantly increased the effectiveness of the preparation. Thus, the diameter of the zones of development of Fusarium spp. in Petri dishes with the genistifoliosides preparation at a concentration of 5х10-4% was 54.5% smaller than with tomatozide and 92.7% smaller than with the control variant. The diameter of the zone of development of the pathogen of reticulate leaf spot Pyrenophora teres, after adding the tested preparation at a concentration of 5х10-4% to the cultivation medium, was 67.5% smaller than in the variant with tomatozide (tab. 1, fig. 2).

Tabelul 1 Table 1

Influenţa glicozidelor asupra dezvoltării miceliului fungilor The influence of glycosides on the development of fungal mycelium

Fusarium spp. şi Pyrenophora teres Fusarium spp. and Pyrenophora teres

Varianta Concentraţia, % Diametrul zonei de dezvoltare a fungilor Fusarium spp. Pyrenophora teres Drechsler cm % în comparaţie cu varianta de control cm % în comparaţie cu varianta de control Control 11,0 6,0 Suma de genistifoliozide 10-4 2,3 -79,1 2,7 -55,0 5х10-4 0,8 -92,7 1,5 -75,0 Tomatozida 10-4 9,0 -18,2 6,3 +5,0 5х10-4 6,8 -38,2 5,6 -7,5Variant Concentration, % Diameter of the growth zone of fungi Fusarium spp. Pyrenophora teres Drechsler cm % compared to the control variant cm % compared to the control variant Control 11.0 6.0 Sum of genistifoliosides 10-4 2.3 -79.1 2.7 -55.0 5х10-4 0.8 -92.7 1.5 -75.0 Tomatozide 10-4 9.0 -18.2 6.3 +5.0 5х10-4 6.8 -38.2 5.6 -7.5

- fig. 1, influenţa glicozidelor asupra dezvoltării miceliului fungilor Fusarium spp., - fig. 1, the influence of glycosides on the development of the mycelium of Fusarium spp. fungi,

- fig. 2, influenţa glicozidelor asupra dezvoltării miceliului fungilor Pyrenophora teres. - Fig. 2, the influence of glycosides on the development of the mycelium of the fungus Pyrenophora teres.

Aşadar, în testele de laborator cea mai înaltă activitate fungicidă o posedă soluţia de genistifoliozide cu concentraţia de 5х10-4%. Therefore, in laboratory tests, the highest fungicidal activity is possessed by the genistifolioside solution with a concentration of 5x10-4%.

În condiţii de câmp pe fond infectat artificial s-a studiat influenţa soluţiilor de genistifoliozide asupra răspândirii şi gradului de dezvoltare a bolilor cauzate de patogeni fungici. Plantele de grâu în faza de înfrăţire au fost tratate cu soluţii apoase ale sumei de glicozide în concentraţii de 10-4% şi 5х10-4%, calculând volumul soluţiei de lucru de 250 L/ha. Determinarea răspândirii şi a dezvoltării bolilor de grâu a fost efectuată în fazele de înfrăţire, formare a paiului, înspicare şi maturitate în lapte cu un interval de 7 zile, conform tehnicilor standard. Agenţii patogeni au fost identificaţi la microscop după prezenţa picnidiilor sau stratului infectat, forma, mărimea coloniilor şi conidiilor, precum şi sporularea patogenilor. S-a constatat că tratarea plantelor cu suma de genistifoliozide în concentraţie de 5х10-4% a redus răspândirea bolilor cu 15…17%, iar gradul de dezvoltare a bolilor cu 5…10% înainte de faza de maturitate în lapte, totodată a inhibat răspândirea bolilor cu 5…25%, iar dezvoltarea bolilor cu 5…7% înainte de coacerea deplină a boabelor. Soluţia de genistifoliozide cu concentraţia de 10-4%, aşa ca şi două concentraţii de tomatozidă, nu a avut efect semnificativ asupra rezistenţei la bolile de grâu pe parcursul întregii perioade de vegetaţie (tab. 2). In field conditions on artificially infected soil, the influence of genistifolioside solutions on the spread and degree of development of diseases caused by fungal pathogens was studied. Wheat plants in the twinning phase were treated with aqueous solutions of the sum of glycosides in concentrations of 10-4% and 5х10-4%, calculating the volume of the working solution of 250 L/ha. Determination of the spread and development of wheat diseases was carried out in the twinning, straw formation, earing and milk maturity phases with an interval of 7 days, according to standard techniques. Pathogens were identified under a microscope by the presence of pycnidia or infected layer, the shape, size of colonies and conidia, as well as sporulation of pathogens. It was found that treating plants with the sum of genistifoliosides in a concentration of 5х10-4% reduced the spread of diseases by 15…17%, and the degree of disease development by 5…10% before the milk maturity phase, at the same time inhibited the spread of diseases by 5…25%, and the development of diseases by 5…7% before full grain ripening. The solution of genistifoliosides with a concentration of 10-4%, as well as two concentrations of tomatoside, had no significant effect on the resistance to wheat diseases during the entire vegetation period (tab. 2).

Tabelul 2 Table 2

Influenţa glicozidelor asupra gradului de răspândire şi dezvoltare a bolilor pe plante de grâu de primăvară (%) Influence of glycosides on the degree of spread and development of diseases on spring wheat plants (%)

Varianta Concentraţia, % Formare a paiului Înspicare Înflorire Maturitate în lapte răspândire dezvoltare răspândire dezvoltare răspândire dezvoltare răspândire dezvoltare Control 70 24 75 80 30 30 100 57 Suma de genistifoliozide 10-4% 70 26 70 77 32 30 95 57 5х10-4% 53 19 60 63 22 20 100 45 Tomatozida 10-4% 70 28 72 80 38 35 98 59 5х10-4% 62 24 70 80 30 28 100 55Variant Concentration, % Straw formation Heading Flowering Milk maturity spread development spread development spread development spread development Control 70 24 75 80 30 30 100 57 Sum of genistifoliosides 10-4% 70 26 70 77 32 30 95 57 5х10-4% 53 19 60 63 22 20 100 45 Tomatozide 10-4% 70 28 72 80 38 35 98 59 5х10-4% 62 24 70 80 30 28 100 55

1. Кинтя П.К., Мащенко Н.Е., Марченко А.А., Швец С.А., Шуканов В.П. Регуляторы роста из отходов консервной промышленности как индукторы устойчивости злаковых культур. Матерал IX международного симпозиума Новые и нетрадиционные растения и перспективы их использования. Пущино, Москва, 2011, р. 168-171 1. Кинтя П.К., Машченко Н.Е., Марченко А.А., Shvets С.А., Shukanov В.П. Regulators of growth from the waste of the canning industry as inducers of the resistance of cereal crops. Material of the IX international symposium New and non-traditional plants and perspectives of their use. Pushchino, Moscow, 2011, р. 168-171

Claims (1)

Procedeu de tratare a grâului de primăvară, care include tratarea plantelor de grâu în faza de înfrăţire cu o soluţie apoasă ce conţine 5x10-4 % extract sumar de glicozide iridoidice din plante de Linaria genistifolia L. Mill, obţinut prin extragere cu soluţie hidrometanolică la fierbere, cu un consum total de 250 L/ha.Spring wheat treatment process, which includes treating wheat plants in the twinning phase with an aqueous solution containing 5x10-4 % summary extract of iridoid glycosides from Linaria genistifolia L. Mill plants, obtained by extraction with boiling hydromethanolic solution, with a total consumption of 250 L/ha.
MDS20140116A 2014-09-03 2014-09-03 Process for treatment of spring wheat MD902Z (en)

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MD1192Z (en) * 2017-02-06 2018-04-30 Институт Генетики, Физиологии И Защиты Растений Академии Наук Молдовы Glycoside preparation from Veronica officinalis L. plants with fungicidal action on Alternaria alternata
MD1237Z (en) * 2017-08-10 2018-10-31 Институт Микробиологии И Биотехнологии Академии Наук Молдовы Process for presowing treatment of cereal seeds

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Title
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