MD817Z - Negative resistance converter - Google Patents

Negative resistance converter Download PDF

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Publication number
MD817Z
MD817Z MDS20140022A MDS20140022A MD817Z MD 817 Z MD817 Z MD 817Z MD S20140022 A MDS20140022 A MD S20140022A MD S20140022 A MDS20140022 A MD S20140022A MD 817 Z MD817 Z MD 817Z
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MD
Moldova
Prior art keywords
pole
amplifier
output
inverting
inputs
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Application number
MDS20140022A
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Romanian (ro)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Виталие НАСТАС
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Технический университет Молдовы
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Priority to MDS20140022A priority Critical patent/MD817Z/en
Publication of MD817Y publication Critical patent/MD817Y/en
Publication of MD817Z publication Critical patent/MD817Z/en

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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of measuring equipment and radio electronics and can be used for high-accuracy reproduction of negative resistances adjustable with regulation in a wide value range.The negative resistance converter comprises an operational amplifier (5) with two inputs and one output, having its inverting input connected to the common wire, a fixed resistor (3), having one pole connected to the output of the amplifier (5), a switch (10), connected with the movable contact to the output of the amplifier (5), a variable resistor (7), having one pole connected to the common wire, a block (9) of n resistors, connected with one pole to the fixed contacts of the switch (10) and with the other poles together - to the other pole of the variable resistor (7), and two terminals (2) and (8), one being connected to the other pole of the fixed resistor (3) and the second - to the common wire. The converter further comprises three operational amplifiers (1), (4) and (6), each with two inputs and one output. The amplifiers (1) and (6) are each connected with their inverting inputs to their outputs and with their non-inverting inputs - to the terminal (2) and to the other pole of the variable resistor (7), respectively. The inverting and non-inverting inputs of the amplifier (4) are connected to the outputs of the amplifiers (1) and (6), respectively, and its output is connected to the non-inverting input of the amplifier (5).

Description

Invenţia se referă la domeniile tehnicii de măsurare şi radioelectronicii şi poate fi utilizată pentru reproducerea cu precizie înaltă a rezistenţelor negative cu reglare în bandă largă de valori. The invention relates to the fields of measurement technology and radio electronics and can be used for high-precision reproduction of negative resistances with wide-range adjustment of values.

Cea mai apropiată soluţie este convertorul de rezistenţă negativă, care conţine un amplificator operaţional cu un rezistor, conectat în reacţia negativă, un divizor rezistiv, conectat în reacţia pozitivă a amplificatorului operaţional şi format dintr-un bloc din n rezistoare şi un rezistor variabil, precum şi două cleme, conectate respectiv la intrarea inversoare a amplificatorului operaţional şi la masă. Convertorul asigură reproducerea rezistenţelor negative într-o bandă largă de valori, valoarea lor fiind determinată de valorile rezistenţei rezistoarelor, conectate în reacţiile inverse ale amplificatorului operaţional [1]. The closest solution is the negative resistance converter, which contains an operational amplifier with a resistor, connected in the negative feedback, a resistive divider, connected in the positive feedback of the operational amplifier and formed by a block of n resistors and a variable resistor, as well as two clamps, connected respectively to the inverting input of the operational amplifier and to ground. The converter ensures the reproduction of negative resistances in a wide range of values, their value being determined by the resistance values of the resistors, connected in the inverse feedbacks of the operational amplifier [1].

Dezavantajul acestui convertor constă în eroarea considerabilă a rezistenţei reproduse, cauzată de deficienţele amplificatorului operaţional, astfel ca factorul de amplificare limitat şi rezistenţa de mod comun limitată a intrărilor. The disadvantage of this converter is the considerable error in the reproduced resistance, caused by the shortcomings of the operational amplifier, such as the limited gain factor and the limited common mode resistance of the inputs.

Problema pe care o soluţionează invenţia este majorarea preciziei convertorului. The problem that the invention solves is increasing the accuracy of the converter.

Convertorul de rezistenţă negativă, conform invenţiei, înlătură dezavantajul menţionat mai sus prin aceea că conţine un amplificator operaţional cu două intrări şi o ieşire, conectat cu intrarea inversoare la masă, un rezistor fix, conectat cu un pol la ieşirea amplificatorului, un comutator, conectat cu contactul mobil la ieşirea amplificatorului, un rezistor variabil, conectat cu un pol la masă, un bloc din n rezistoare, conectate cu câte un pol la contactele fixe ale comutatorului, iar cu ceilalţi poli împreună - la celălalt pol al rezistorului variabil, precum şi două cleme, una fiind conectată la celălalt pol al rezistorului fix, iar a doua - la masă. Convertorul mai conţine trei amplificatoare operaţionale, fiecare cu câte două intrări şi o ieşire. Două dintre amplificatoare sunt conectate fiecare cu intrările inversoare la ieşirile sale, iar cu intrările neinversoare - respectiv, la cea de-a doua clemă şi la celălalt pol al rezistorului variabil. Intrările inversoare şi neinversoare ale celuilalt amplificator sunt conectate, respectiv, la ieşirile celor două amplificatoare, iar ieşirea lui este conectată la intrarea neinversoare a primului amplificator. The negative resistance converter, according to the invention, eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantage by containing an operational amplifier with two inputs and one output, connected with the inverting input to ground, a fixed resistor, connected with one pole to the amplifier output, a switch, connected with the movable contact to the amplifier output, a variable resistor, connected with one pole to ground, a block of n resistors, connected with one pole each to the fixed contacts of the switch, and with the other poles together - to the other pole of the variable resistor, as well as two terminals, one being connected to the other pole of the fixed resistor, and the second - to ground. The converter also contains three operational amplifiers, each with two inputs and one output. Two of the amplifiers are each connected with the inverting inputs to its outputs, and with the non-inverting inputs - respectively, to the second terminal and to the other pole of the variable resistor. The inverting and non-inverting inputs of the other amplifier are connected, respectively, to the outputs of the two amplifiers, and its output is connected to the non-inverting input of the first amplifier.

Rezultatul invenţiei constă în precizia înaltă a convertorului cu reglare brută şi lină a rezistenţei reproduse în bandă largă de valori. The result of the invention consists in the high precision of the converter with rough and smooth adjustment of the resistance reproduced in a wide range of values.

Invenţia se explică prin desenul din figură, care reprezintă schema convertorului de rezistenţă negativă. The invention is explained by the drawing in the figure, which represents the schematic of the negative resistance converter.

Convertorul conţine amplificatorul operaţional 1, conectat cu intrarea neinversoare la clema 2 şi la un pol al rezistorului 3 cu valoarea rezistenţei R1, iar cu intrarea inversoare - la ieşirea sa şi la intrarea inversoare a amplificatorului operaţional 4. Amplificatorul operaţional 5 este conectat cu intrările neinversoare şi inversoare, respectiv, la ieşirea amplificatorului 4 şi la masă. Amplificatorul operaţional 6 este conectat cu ieşirea la intrarea neinversoare a amplificatorului 4 şi la intrarea inversoare a sa, iar cu intrarea neinversoare - la un pol al rezistorului variabil 7, celălalt pol al căruia este conectat la masă. Clema 8 este conectată la masă. Blocul 9 este format din n rezistoare, conectate cu câte un pol împreună la intrarea neinversoare a amplificatorului 6, iar cu ceilalţi poli - respectiv, la câte un contact fix al comutatorului 10, contactul mobil al căruia este conectat la ieşirea amplificatorului 5 şi la celălalt pol al rezistorului 3. The converter contains the operational amplifier 1, connected with the non-inverting input to terminal 2 and to one pole of the resistor 3 with the resistance value R1, and with the inverting input - to its output and to the inverting input of the operational amplifier 4. The operational amplifier 5 is connected with the non-inverting and inverting inputs, respectively, to the output of the amplifier 4 and to the ground. The operational amplifier 6 is connected with the output to the non-inverting input of the amplifier 4 and to its inverting input, and with the non-inverting input - to one pole of the variable resistor 7, the other pole of which is connected to the ground. Terminal 8 is connected to the ground. Block 9 consists of n resistors, connected with one pole together to the non-inverting input of amplifier 6, and with the other poles - respectively, to a fixed contact of switch 10, the moving contact of which is connected to the output of amplifier 5 and to the other pole of resistor 3.

Convertorul funcţionează în modul următor. The converter operates in the following mode.

Amplificatoarele operaţionale 1 şi 6 sunt conectate în calitate de tampoane cu factor de amplificare unitar şi cu impedanţă mare de intrare, ceea ce asigură lipsa influenţei rezistenţelor de intrare ale acestor amplificatoare asupra impedanţei reproduse de convertor la clemele 2 şi 8 şi asupra factorului de transfer al divizorului, format din rezistoarele 9 şi 7. Amplificatorul 5, conectat în cascadă cu amplificatorul 4, asigură un factor de amplificare sumar mare, egal cu produsul factorilor de amplificare ai acestor amplificatoare, ceea ce micşorează considerabil eroarea impedanţei reproduse, cauzată de valoarea limitată a factorului de amplificare al amplificatorului. Conform MD 649 Z 2014.01.31, convertorul reproduce la clemele de intrare 2 şi 8 o rezistenţă negativă cu valoarea: Operational amplifiers 1 and 6 are connected as buffers with unity gain and high input impedance, which ensures the lack of influence of the input resistances of these amplifiers on the impedance reproduced by the converter at terminals 2 and 8 and on the transfer factor of the divider, formed by resistors 9 and 7. Amplifier 5, connected in cascade with amplifier 4, provides a high total amplification factor, equal to the product of the amplification factors of these amplifiers, which considerably reduces the error in the reproduced impedance, caused by the limited value of the amplifier's amplification factor. According to MD 649 Z 2014.01.31, the converter reproduces at input terminals 2 and 8 a negative resistance with the value:

Ri = - R1·R3 ⁄ R2.i , Ri = - R1·R3 ⁄ R2.i ,

unde R2.i reprezintă rezistenţa rezistorului din blocul 9, conectat în circuit de comutatorul 10. Comutatorul 10 asigură conectarea în circuitul divizorului format din rezistoarele 9 şi 7 a diferitelor rezistoare R2.i , ceea ce asigură variaţia în trepte a factorului de transfer şi, ca urmare, după cum rezultă din relaţia de mai sus - reglarea în trepte a rezistenţei Ri, reproduse de convertor. Variaţia lină a rezistorului R3 rezultă în reglarea lină a rezistenţei reproduse Ri în banda de valori selectată de comutatorul 10. where R2.i represents the resistance of the resistor in block 9, connected in circuit by switch 10. Switch 10 ensures the connection in the divider circuit formed by resistors 9 and 7 of different resistors R2.i , which ensures the stepwise variation of the transfer factor and, as a result, as follows from the above relationship - the stepwise adjustment of the resistance Ri, reproduced by the converter. The smooth variation of resistor R3 results in the smooth adjustment of the reproduced resistance Ri in the value band selected by switch 10.

Ca exemplu de implementare poate servi cazul, în care rezistorul variabil R3 posedă banda de reglare a rezistenţei R3 = (0…106) Ω, rezistorul R1 =106 Ω şi blocul 9 este format din cinci rezistoare cu valorile rezistenţei R2 = (103; 104; 105, 106, 107) Ω. Conform relaţiei menţionate banda de reglare a rezistenţei reproduse de convertor va constitui respectiv: Ri1 = -(0…109) Ω, Ri2 = -(0…108) Ω, Ri3 = -(0…107) Ω, Ri4 = -(0…106) Ω, Ri5 = -(0…105) Ω. Schimbarea brută a benzii de reglare se execută cu comutatorul 10, iar reglarea lină în interiorul benzii are loc prin variaţia rezistorului R3. As an example of implementation, the case can serve, in which the variable resistor R3 has the resistance adjustment band R3 = (0…106) Ω, the resistor R1 =106 Ω and the block 9 consists of five resistors with the resistance values R2 = (103; 104; 105, 106, 107) Ω. According to the mentioned relation, the resistance adjustment band reproduced by the converter will be respectively: Ri1 = -(0…109) Ω, Ri2 = -(0…108) Ω, Ri3 = -(0…107) Ω, Ri4 = -(0…106) Ω, Ri5 = -(0…105) Ω. The rough change of the adjustment band is performed with the switch 10, and the smooth adjustment within the band takes place by varying the resistor R3.

1. MD 649 Z 2014.01.31 1. MD 649 Z 2014.01.31

Claims (1)

Convertor de rezistenţă negativă, care conţine un amplificator operaţional (5) cu două intrări şi o ieşire, conectat cu intrarea inversoare la masă; un rezistor fix (3), conectat cu un pol la ieşirea amplificatorului (5); un comutator (10), conectat cu contactul mobil la ieşirea amplificatorului (5); un rezistor variabil (7), conectat cu un pol la masă; un bloc (9) din n rezistoare, conectate cu câte un pol la contactele fixe ale comutatorului (10), iar cu ceilalţi poli împreună - la celălalt pol al rezistorului variabil (7); două cleme (2) şi (8), una fiind conectată la celălalt pol al rezistorului fix (3), iar a doua - la masă, caracterizat prin aceea că mai conţine trei amplificatoare operaţionale (1), (4) şi (6), fiecare cu câte două intrări şi o ieşire; amplificatoarele (1) şi (6) sunt conectate fiecare cu intrările inversoare la ieşirile sale, iar cu intrările neinversoare - respectiv, la clema (2) şi la celălalt pol al rezistorului variabil (7); intrările inversoare şi neinversoare ale amplificatorului (4) sunt conectate, respectiv, la ieşirile amplificatoarelor (1) şi (6), iar ieşirea lui este conectată la intrarea neinversoare a amplificatorului (5).Negative resistance converter, comprising an operational amplifier (5) with two inputs and one output, connected with the inverting input to ground; a fixed resistor (3), connected with one pole to the output of the amplifier (5); a switch (10), connected with the movable contact to the output of the amplifier (5); a variable resistor (7), connected with one pole to ground; a block (9) of n resistors, connected with one pole each to the fixed contacts of the switch (10), and with the other poles together - to the other pole of the variable resistor (7); two clamps (2) and (8), one being connected to the other pole of the fixed resistor (3), and the second - to ground, characterised in that it also comprises three operational amplifiers (1), (4) and (6), each with two inputs and one output; amplifiers (1) and (6) are each connected with their inverting inputs to their outputs, and with their non-inverting inputs - respectively, to terminal (2) and to the other pole of the variable resistor (7); the inverting and non-inverting inputs of amplifier (4) are connected, respectively, to the outputs of amplifiers (1) and (6), and its output is connected to the non-inverting input of amplifier (5).
MDS20140022A 2014-02-12 2014-02-12 Negative resistance converter MD817Z (en)

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MD817Z true MD817Z (en) 2015-04-30

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MD2130G2 (en) * 2002-01-23 2003-09-30 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD2462G2 (en) * 2003-10-09 2004-11-30 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD2840G2 (en) * 2004-12-01 2006-04-30 Технический университет Молдовы Resistance converter
MD3154G2 (en) * 2005-10-04 2007-03-31 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD3173G2 (en) * 2006-03-21 2007-05-31 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD3689G2 (en) * 2007-09-18 2009-03-31 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD195Z (en) * 2009-05-06 2010-11-30 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD248Z (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-02-28 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD649Z (en) * 2012-11-12 2014-01-31 Технический университет Молдовы Negative resistance converter
  • 2014

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MD2130G2 (en) * 2002-01-23 2003-09-30 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD2462G2 (en) * 2003-10-09 2004-11-30 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD2840G2 (en) * 2004-12-01 2006-04-30 Технический университет Молдовы Resistance converter
MD3154G2 (en) * 2005-10-04 2007-03-31 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD3173G2 (en) * 2006-03-21 2007-05-31 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD3689G2 (en) * 2007-09-18 2009-03-31 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD195Z (en) * 2009-05-06 2010-11-30 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD248Z (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-02-28 Технический университет Молдовы Impedance converter
MD649Z (en) * 2012-11-12 2014-01-31 Технический университет Молдовы Negative resistance converter

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