MD719Z - Method for treating potatoes against nematode Ditylencus destructor - Google Patents
Method for treating potatoes against nematode Ditylencus destructor Download PDFInfo
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- MD719Z MD719Z MDS20130105A MDS20130105A MD719Z MD 719 Z MD719 Z MD 719Z MD S20130105 A MDS20130105 A MD S20130105A MD S20130105 A MDS20130105 A MD S20130105A MD 719 Z MD719 Z MD 719Z
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Invenţia se referă la parazitologie, în special la un procedeu de combatere a nematodului Ditylencus destructor la cartof şi poate fi utilizată în agricultură.Procedeul de tratare a cartofului contra nematodului Ditylencus destructor include înmuierea cartofului înainte de sădire într-un amestec de lichid cultural ce conţine tulpină de bacterii Pseudomonas fluorescens CNM-PFB-01 cu un titru de 109 cel./ml şi apă, luate în raport de 1:(100…500) respectiv, în decurs de 20 ore.The invention relates to parasitology, in particular to a process for combating Ditylencus destructive nematode in potatoes and can be used in agriculture. strain of bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens CNM-PFB-01 with a titration of 109 cells / ml and water, taken in a ratio of 1: (100… 500) respectively, within 20 hours.
Description
Invenţia se referă la parazitologie, în special la un procedeu de combatere a nematodului Ditylencus destructor la cartof şi poate fi utilizată în agricultură. The invention relates to parasitology, in particular to a method for controlling the nematode Ditylencus destructor in potatoes and can be used in agriculture.
În Republica Moldova cartofii sunt una dintre cele mai de perspectivă şi mai rentabile culturi agricole. Printre bolile cartofilor mai nocivă şi cu un impact economic important este ditilenhoza tuberculilor － boală cauzată de nematodul Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945. Cercetările de laborator ale tuberculilor de cartofi, care au fost colectaţi din depozite, au demonstrat că soiurile examinate sunt variat afectate cu D. destructor. Un nivel mai înalt de infestare cu ditilenhoză s-a constatat la cartofii de soiul Irga － 35...50% şi Albi － 15...25%, recoltaţi în raioanele centrale ale republicii － Criuleni şi Teleneşti. Mai puţin afectaţi s-au dovedit a fi cartofii de soiul Romano (0,5...10,0%), recoltaţi în raioanele de nord ale republicii －Briceni. In the Republic of Moldova, potatoes are one of the most promising and profitable agricultural crops. Among the potato diseases that are most harmful and have a significant economic impact is tuber dithylenosis - a disease caused by the nematode Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945. Laboratory studies of potato tubers collected from storage have shown that the examined varieties are variously affected by D. destructor. A higher level of dithylenosis infestation was found in potatoes of the Irga variety - 35...50% and Albi - 15...25%, harvested in the central districts of the republic - Criuleni and Teleneşti. Less affected were potatoes of the Romano variety (0.5...10.0%), harvested in the northern districts of the republic - Briceni.
Pentru aprecierea gradului de atac al nematodului Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945 a fost utilizată scara de 5 grade (Ivaniuc, Iliaşenco, 2010): To assess the degree of attack of the nematode Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945, a 5-degree scale was used (Ivaniuc, Iliaşenco, 2010):
gradul I－soiuri de cartofi rezistente la invazie (0...1,0%); gradul II－soiuri slab afectate (1,0...10,0%); gradul III－moderat afectate (11,0...25,0%); gradul IV－serios afectate (26,0...50,0%); gradul V－puternic afectate, atacate mai mult de 50,0%. Conform acestei scări soiul Irga cu o infestare de 35...50% ce variază în dependenţă de zonă, corespunde soiurilor serios afectate. grade I－potato varieties resistant to invasion (0...1.0%); grade II－slightly affected varieties (1.0...10.0%); grade III－moderately affected (11.0...25.0%); grade IV－seriously affected (26.0...50.0%); grade V－severely affected, attacked more than 50.0%. According to this scale, the Irga variety with an infestation of 35...50%, which varies depending on the area, corresponds to the seriously affected varieties.
De asemenea au fost cercetate stadiile bolii de ditilenhoză la tuberculii de cartofi după metoda Paramonov, Briuşcova (1956), conform căreia în primul stadiu are loc pătrunderea iniţială a nematodului － pe tuberculi apar pete de circa 2 mm; în stadiile 2-3 se măreşte suprafaţa afectată, ţesutul atacat devine cenuşiu. În stadiile de boală 4-5 tuberculii afectaţi prezintă zone adâncite cu crăpături şi zbârcituri tipice ale cojii, care se desprind uşor. Ţesutul atacat devine spongios, de culoare închisă. În asemenea porţiuni ale cartofului cu greutatea de 80...100 g pot fi enumeraţi circa 40...60 x 103 indivizi de D. destructor, dominante fiind formele adulte. În aceste porţiuni putem depista nematozi în toate stadiile de dezvoltare (fig. 1 －tuberculi de cartofi de soiul Irga afectaţi de D. destructor). The stages of dithylinosis disease in potato tubers were also investigated according to the Paramonov, Briuşcova method (1956), according to which in the first stage the initial penetration of the nematode takes place - spots of about 2 mm appear on the tubers; in stages 2-3 the affected surface increases, the attacked tissue becomes gray. In stages 4-5 of the disease the affected tubers show sunken areas with typical cracks and wrinkles of the peel, which are easily detached. The attacked tissue becomes spongy, dark in color. In such portions of the potato weighing 80...100 g, about 40...60 x 103 individuals of D. destructor can be counted, with adult forms being dominant. In these portions we can detect nematodes in all stages of development (Fig. 1 - potato tubers of the Irga variety affected by D. destructor).
Conform standardelor internaţionale cartofii de sămânţă trebuie să fie liberi de nematozi fitoparaziţi nocivi pentru această cultură － Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M.fallax şi Ditylenchus destructor (standard pentru cartofii de sămânţă EAK OOH S-1). According to international standards, seed potatoes must be free from phytoparasitic nematodes harmful to this crop - Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M.fallax and Ditylenchus destructor (EAK OOH S-1 seed potato standard).
Ţinând cont de aspectele legate de instalarea fenomenelor de chimiorezistenţă la substanţele nematocide de sinteză şi de existenţa reziduurilor chimice în produsele de origine vegetală, se pune accent din ce în ce mai frecvent pe stabilirea unor metode alternative de combatere a nematozilor fitoparaziţi, responsabili de declanşarea bolilor de fitohelmintoze la culturile agricole, prin utilizarea unor produse biologice. Taking into account the issues related to the establishment of chemoresistance phenomena to synthetic nematicide substances and the existence of chemical residues in products of plant origin, emphasis is increasingly placed on establishing alternative methods of combating phytoparasitic nematodes, responsible for triggering phytohelminthic diseases in agricultural crops, through the use of biological products.
Actualmente, în Registrul de Stat al produselor de uz fitosanitar şi al fertilizanţilor, elaborat în Republica Moldova în anul 2003 de către Centrul de Stat pentru Atestarea şi Omologarea Produselor de Uz Fitosanitar şi al Fertilizanţilor (Danilov, Gomoja, Ciobanu, Furnic, Lazari, 2003), nu este indicat nici un preparat nematocid, care ar putea fi utilizat în combaterea nematozilor fitoparaziţi, destul de reprezentativi şi permanenţi la culturile legumicole － cartofi, tomate, castraveţi, ceapă etc., atât în câmp, cât şi în spaţii protejate. Currently, in the State Register of phytosanitary products and fertilizers, developed in the Republic of Moldova in 2003 by the State Center for Attestation and Approval of Phytosanitary Products and Fertilizers (Danilov, Gomoja, Ciobanu, Furnic, Lazari, 2003), no nematicide preparation is indicated that could be used to combat phytoparasitic nematodes, which are quite representative and permanent in vegetable crops - potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, onions, etc., both in the field and in protected areas.
Reieşind din această situaţie, în cadrul a două Instituţii de cercetări ştiinţifice ale AŞM -Institutul de Zoologie şi Institutul de Microbiologie şi Biotehnologie, au fost iniţiate vaste cercetări în scopul evidenţierii unor tulpini de microorganisme (bacterii, micromicete, actinomicete), cu proprietăţi benefice pentru plante, inclusiv capacitatea de distrugere a nematozilor. În rizosfera plantelor agricole microorganismele sunt permanent în contact cu nematozii, formând anumite biocenoze şi diferite legături trofice. Este cunoscut faptul că nematozii fitoparaziţi la plante sunt atacaţi de fungi şi bacterii, ceea ce permite de a utiliza microorganismele din genul Pseudomonas în controlul biologic. Based on this situation, within two scientific research institutions of the ASM - the Institute of Zoology and the Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, extensive research has been initiated in order to highlight some strains of microorganisms (bacteria, micromycetes, actinomycetes), with beneficial properties for plants, including the ability to destroy nematodes. In the rhizosphere of agricultural plants, microorganisms are constantly in contact with nematodes, forming certain biocenoses and various trophic links. It is known that plant-parasitic nematodes are attacked by fungi and bacteria, which allows the use of microorganisms of the genus Pseudomonas in biological control.
Dintre remediile de origine chimică pentru tratarea materialului de cartof semincer contra nematodului D. destructor, sunt recomandate următoarele preparate: Carbofuran 5%, Furadan 5%, Heterofos 5%, Carbation 1% [1]. Among the chemical remedies for treating seed potato material against the D. destructor nematode, the following preparations are recommended: Carbofuran 5%, Furadan 5%, Heterofos 5%, Carbation 1% [1].
Deoarece aceste preparate sunt de origine chimică, fiind şi extrem de toxice, autorii recomandă prelucrarea cartofului cu ele doar în cazul infestărilor puternice. După utilizarea lor sunt impuse anumite restricţii la consumul produselor, existând, de asemenea, mari riscuri de poluare a apei, solului şi faunei. Tocmai de aceea, utilizarea produselor nematocide de origine chimică a fost drastic redusă în majoritatea ţărilor. La moment, se caută alternative mai puţin poluante pentru combaterea nematozilor, printre care şi D. destructor. Because these preparations are of chemical origin and are also extremely toxic, the authors recommend treating potatoes with them only in case of severe infestations. After their use, certain restrictions are imposed on the consumption of the products, and there are also high risks of pollution of water, soil and fauna. For this reason, the use of chemical nematicide products has been drastically reduced in most countries. At the moment, less polluting alternatives are being sought for the control of nematodes, including D. destructor.
Utilizarea biopreparatelor în scopul combaterii nematozilor paraziţi este una dintre cele mai de perspectivă metodă de protecţie a plantelor, utilizată în tratarea materialului semincer, stimulând totodată mecanismele de protecţie － rezistenţa plantelor, fără simptome de toxicitate asupra dezvoltării acestora, reflectându-se astfel pozitiv asupra recoltei. The use of biopreparations to combat parasitic nematodes is one of the most promising plant protection methods, used in the treatment of seed material, while stimulating the protective mechanisms - the resistance of plants, without symptoms of toxicity on their development, thus reflecting positively on the harvest.
Actualmente, în majoritatea ţărilor (Marea Britanie, Germania, Franţa, Brazilia, Peru, SUA, Federaţia Rusă etc.), pentru combaterea speciilor parazite de nematozi sunt elaborate şi utilizate biopreparate nematocide pe bază de fungi prădători şi bacterii parazite din genurile Arthrobotrys, Catenaria, Fusarium, Verticillium, Paecilomyces, Pasteuria, Pseudomonas etc. Unele specii din genul Pseudomonas － Ps. micofaga, Ps. putida, Ps. fluorescens (tulpina AP-33) etc. exercită înalte acţiuni fungicide, bactericide, nematocide asupra nematozilor ectoparaziţi din familia Trichodoridae, care sunt purtători de tabroviruşi, accentuându-se acţiunea tulpinii, în primul rând asupra viruşilor şi apoi asupra nematozilor ectoparaziţi, însă nu este descrisă în sursă acţiunea nematocidă a speciei de bacterii din genul Pseudomonas asupra nematodului tuberculilor de cartof －Ditylenchus destructor [2]. Currently, in most countries (Great Britain, Germany, France, Brazil, Peru, USA, Russian Federation, etc.), to combat parasitic nematode species, nematocidal biopreparations based on predatory fungi and parasitic bacteria from the genera Arthrobotrys, Catenaria, Fusarium, Verticillium, Paecilomyces, Pasteuria, Pseudomonas, etc. are developed and used. Some species of the genus Pseudomonas - Ps. micofaga, Ps. putida, Ps. fluorescens (strain AP-33), etc. exert high fungicidal, bactericidal, nematocidal actions on ectoparasitic nematodes from the family Trichodoridae, which are carriers of tabroviruses, with the action of the strain being emphasized, first of all, on viruses and then on ectoparasitic nematodes, but the nematocidal action of the species of bacteria from the genus Pseudomonas on the potato tuber nematode - Ditylenchus destructor is not described in the source [2].
Problema pe care o soluţionează invenţia este combaterea eficientă a nematodului cartofului cu utilizarea unui biopreparat. The problem that the invention solves is the effective control of potato nematode using a biopreparation.
Ţinând cont de nivelul înalt de infestare a cartofului cu D. destructor şi de pierderile colosale provocate acestei culturi în R. Moldova a fost iniţiată elaborarea unor metode biologice de combatere a nematodului D. destructor la cartof. În condiţii de laborator a fost studiată şi stabilită inofensivitatea tulpinilor din genul Pseudomonas asupra proceselor de germinare şi acumulare de masă brută şi uscată la plantele de soia, castraveţi, porumb, cartofi etc. Rezultatele testării au demonstrat că acestea nu exercită efecte toxice asupra plantelor. Taking into account the high level of potato infestation with D. destructor and the colossal losses caused to this crop in the Republic of Moldova, the development of biological methods for combating the nematode D. destructor in potatoes was initiated. Under laboratory conditions, the harmlessness of strains of the genus Pseudomonas on the processes of germination and accumulation of raw and dry mass in soybean, cucumber, corn, potato, etc. plants was studied and established. The test results demonstrated that they do not exert toxic effects on plants.
Invenţia soluţionează problema prin aceea că procedeul propus include înmuierea cartofului înainte de sădire într-o soluţie ce conţine lichid cultural cu un conţinut de tulpină de bacterii Pseudomonas fluorescens CNM-PFB-01 de 109 cel./ml şi apă, luate în raport de 1:(100…500) respectiv, în decurs de 20 ore. The invention solves the problem in that the proposed process includes soaking the potato before planting in a solution containing cultural liquid with a content of Pseudomonas fluorescens CNM-PFB-01 bacterial strain of 109 cells/ml and water, taken in a ratio of 1:(100…500) respectively, within 20 hours.
Rezultatul invenţiei constă în combaterea eficientă a nematodului cartofului utilizând un biopreparat. The result of the invention consists in the effective control of potato nematode using a biopreparation.
A fost studiată acţiunea nematocidă a tulpinii menţionate asupra nematodului tuberculilor de cartofi de soiul Irga. Tulpina a fost izolată din rizoplanul soiei ce a fost crescută în cadrul AŞM. The nematocidal action of the mentioned strain on the potato tuber nematode of the Irga variety was studied. The strain was isolated from the rhizoplane of soybean grown at the ASM.
Exemplul 1 Example 1
Acţiunea toxică a lichidului cultural obţinut din tulpina de bacterii genul Pseudomonas fluorescens CNM-PFB－01, cu titrul de cca 109 cel./ml, asupra nematodului fitoparazit al tuberculilor de cartofi Ditylenchus destructor a fost iniţial studiată prin metoda de contact (Kurt, 1973). Nematozii paraziţi Ditylenchus destructor s-au extras din tuberculii de cartofi de soiul Irga bolnavi de ditilenhoză, colectaţi din depozite, cu aplicarea metodei modificate a pâlniilor Baermann. S-au luat 6 cutii Petri cu diametrul de 5 cm, în toate s-a introdus prealabil câte o picătură de apă distilată. În primele 5 cutii s-au adăugat câte 50...100 indivizi D. destructor, cu dominanţa formelor mature, care au fost selectaţi cu acul entomologic. A 6-a cutie a servit în calitate de martor. După care, în cutiile 1-5 －variante experimentale －s-a adăugat lichid cultural cu un conţinut de tulpină de bacterii Pseudomonas fluorescens CNM-PFB-01 de 109 cel./ml şi apă, luate în raport de: cutia nr.1 －1:100, 2 － 1:200, 3 －1:300, 4 －1:400, 5 －1:500, iar în cutia nr.6 － martor, numai apă distilată. Experienţele au avut loc în condiţii de laborator la temperatura de 18...24°C. Reacţia nematozilor, din variantele experimentale, faţă de lichidul cultural al tulpinii menţionate a fost urmărită la microscopul binocular în diferite intervale de timp: 2, 4,10, 18, 20 ore. În procesul cercetărilor s-a observat o sensibilitate înaltă a D. destructor faţă de lichidul cultural Pseudomonas fluorescens CNM－PFB－01 cu titrul de cca 109 cel./ml în diluţiile menţionate (vezi tabelul). The toxic action of the culture liquid obtained from the strain of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas fluorescens CNM-PFB－01, with a titer of about 109 cells/ml, on the phytoparasitic nematode of potato tubers Ditylenchus destructor was initially studied by the contact method (Kurt, 1973). The parasitic nematodes Ditylenchus destructor were extracted from potato tubers of the Irga variety sick with dithylenchosis, collected from storage, using the modified Baermann funnel method. 6 Petri dishes with a diameter of 5 cm were taken, in all of which a drop of distilled water was previously introduced. In the first 5 dishes, 50...100 individuals of D. destructor were added, with the dominance of mature forms, which were selected with an entomological needle. The 6th dish served as a control. After that, in boxes 1-5 - experimental variants - cultural liquid with a content of Pseudomonas fluorescens CNM-PFB-01 bacterial strain of 109 cells/ml and water was added, taken in the ratio of: box no. 1 - 1:100, 2 - 1:200, 3 - 1:300, 4 - 1:400, 5 - 1:500, and in box no. 6 - control, only distilled water. The experiments took place in laboratory conditions at a temperature of 18...24°C. The reaction of nematodes, from the experimental variants, to the cultural liquid of the mentioned strain was monitored under a binocular microscope in different time intervals: 2, 4,10, 18, 20 hours. In the research process, a high sensitivity of D. destructor was observed towards the Pseudomonas fluorescens CNM－PFB－01 culture liquid with a titer of approximately 109 cells/ml in the mentioned dilutions (see table).
Cercetările efectuate au pus în evidenţă că raportul lichid cultural:apă de 1:100, 1:200 şi 1:300 într-o expunere de 2...20 ore au practic aceeaşi eficacitate nematocidă asupra nematodului D. destructor. Eficacitatea terapeutică scade odată cu mărirea diluţiei lichidului cultural, fiind mai scăzută la diluţia 1:400 şi 1:500. Prin urmare, în continuare pentru cercetare s-a luat diluţia optimă 1:300. Chiar în primele 2 ore de expunere a nematozilor în diluţia 1:300 unele dintre ele se transformă în spirale, rămânând nemişcate. La un interval de 18...20 ore după expunere, la microscop se observă o distrugere totală a organelor interne ale nematodului D. destructor － intestinul median, intestinul posterior, ovarul, oviductul, uterul, sacul posterior, anusul, situate în cavitatea generală a corpului nematodului, se transformă într-o masă neomogenă (fig. 2 － nematodul D. destructor în contact cu Pseudomonas fluorescens CNM － PFB－01, a － înainte de contact; b － după 20 ore de contact; c －partea posterioară a corpului). The research has shown that the culture liquid:water ratio of 1:100, 1:200 and 1:300 in an exposure of 2...20 hours have practically the same nematocidal efficacy on the nematode D. destructor. The therapeutic efficacy decreases with increasing dilution of the culture liquid, being lower at dilutions of 1:400 and 1:500. Therefore, the optimal dilution of 1:300 was taken for further research. Even in the first 2 hours of exposure of nematodes in dilution 1:300, some of them turn into spirals, remaining motionless. At an interval of 18...20 hours after exposure, under the microscope, a total destruction of the internal organs of the nematode D. destructor is observed - the midgut, hindgut, ovary, oviduct, uterus, posterior sac, anus, located in the general cavity of the nematode's body, are transformed into an inhomogeneous mass (fig. 2 - the nematode D. destructor in contact with Pseudomonas fluorescens CNM - PFB - 01, a - before contact; b - after 20 hours of contact; c - posterior part of the body).
Efectul are loc ca rezultat al pătrunderii bacteriilor Ps. fluorescens în cavitatea corpului nematozilor distrugându-le. Se observă mai clar în partea posterioară － vulvă-anus. Rezultatele testării au demonstrat că lichidul cultural al tulpinii Pseudomonas fluorescens CNM － PFB－01 cu titrul de cca 109 cel./ml, în diluţie de 1:300, nu exercită efecte toxice asupra plantelor. The effect occurs as a result of the penetration of Ps. fluorescens bacteria into the body cavity of nematodes, destroying them. It is more clearly observed in the posterior part - vulva-anus. The test results showed that the culture fluid of the Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CNM - PFB - 01 with a titer of about 109 cells / ml, in a dilution of 1:300, does not exert toxic effects on plants.
Tabel Table
Nr. lotului Diluţia Eficacitatea preparatului după administrare (%) 2 ore 4 ore 10 ore 18 ore 20 ore I 1:100 20 35 50 90 100 II 1:200 10 30 40 90 100 III 1:300 10 30 40 90 100 IV 1:400 10 20 30 70 90 V 1:500 10 20 30 60 80 VI martor - - - - -Lot No. Dilution Efficacy of the preparation after administration (%) 2 hours 4 hours 10 hours 18 hours 20 hours I 1:100 20 35 50 90 100 II 1:200 10 30 40 90 100 III 1:300 10 30 40 90 100 IV 1:400 10 20 30 70 90 V 1:500 10 20 30 60 80 VI control - - - - -
Conform rezultatelor experienţelor efectuate lichidul cultural al tulpinii Pseudomonas fluorescens CNM －PFB－01 cu titrul de cca 109 cel./ml, în diluţie de 1:300 în contact timp de 20 ore cu nematodul fitoparazit D. destructor posedă toxicitate înaltă faţă de acest parazit şi provoacă mortalitate de 100%. According to the results of the experiments carried out, the culture liquid of the Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CNM －PFB－01 with a titer of approximately 109 cells/ml, in a dilution of 1:300 in contact for 20 hours with the phytoparasitic nematode D. destructor possesses high toxicity towards this parasite and causes 100% mortality.
Exemplul 2 Example 2
După ce preventiv au fost selectaţi tuberculii de cartof de soiul Irga afectaţi cu nematodul D. destructor, o parte dintre ei au fost prelucraţi prin înmuiere timp de 20 ore în lichidul cultural al tulpinii de bacterii Ps. fluorescens CNM-PFB-01 cu titrul de 109 cel./ml în diluţie de 1:300 (1kg de cartofi se înmoaie în 2 litri de apă ce conţine 6,6 ml de lichid cultural), iar cealaltă parte de cartofi nu a fost prelucrată cu nimic. Toţi tuberculii de cartof au fost sădiţi în sol neafectat de D. destructor (verificat preventiv la acest nematod). After preventively selecting potato tubers of the Irga variety affected by the nematode D. destructor, part of them were processed by soaking for 20 hours in the culture liquid of the bacterial strain Ps. fluorescens CNM-PFB-01 with a titer of 109 cells/ml in a dilution of 1:300 (1 kg of potatoes is soaked in 2 liters of water containing 6.6 ml of culture liquid), and the other part of the potatoes was not processed at all. All potato tubers were planted in soil unaffected by D. destructor (preventively checked for this nematode).
În urma cercetărilor efectuate s-a constatat că pentru însămânţarea unui teren cu suprafaţa de un hectar cu tuberculi de cartof este necesară în medie o cantitate de 1650 kg de cartofi de sămânţă şi 3300 litri de soluţie de 0,0033% pentru a prelucra această cantitate de cartofi. Pentru diluţia de 1:300 respectiv la un hectar sunt necesari 11 litri de lichid cultural. As a result of the research carried out, it was found that for sowing a plot of land with an area of one hectare with potato tubers, an average of 1650 kg of seed potatoes and 3300 liters of 0.0033% solution are required to process this amount of potatoes. For a dilution of 1:300, respectively, 11 liters of cultural liquid are required per hectare.
În imagine (fig. 3－cultura de cartof în vegetaţie: a) cultură de cartof al cărui tubercul nu a fost prelucrat înainte de sădire; b) cultură de cartof al cărui tubercul a fost prelucrat înainte de sădire), este arătat nivelul de dezvoltare a plantelor peste 40 de zile, la temperatura de 14...15°C, fiind evident efectul prelucrării cartofului cu biopreparatul revendicat. In the image (fig. 3 - potato crop in vegetation: a) potato crop whose tuber was not processed before planting; b) potato crop whose tuber was processed before planting), the level of plant development over 40 days, at a temperature of 14...15°C, is shown, the effect of potato processing with the claimed biopreparation being obvious.
Recolta de cartofi obţinută este cu 30...35% mai mare în lotul unde cartofii au fost trataţi înainte de sădire (fig. 4 －recoltă de cartof: a) recolta de cartof a cărui sămânţă a fost prelucrată înainte de sădire, b) recolta de cartof a cărui sămânţă nu a fost prelucrată înainte de sădire). The potato harvest obtained is 30...35% higher in the lot where the potatoes were treated before planting (fig. 4 - potato harvest: a) potato harvest whose seed was processed before planting, b) potato harvest whose seed was not processed before planting).
De asemenea, la recoltare, în lotul prelucrat cartofi afectaţi nu s-au depistat, iar în lotul netratat s-a evidenţiat o infestare a acestora cu nematodul D. destructor de 90...95%. Also, at harvest, no affected potatoes were detected in the processed batch, and in the untreated batch, an infestation of 90...95% with the D. destructor nematode was evident.
1. Чуканцева Н. К. Рекомендации по защите картофеля от стеблевой нематоды в ЦЧР. ВНИИЗР, 1980, с.13 1. Chukantseva N. К. Recommendations for the protection of potatoes from stem nematodes in ЦЧР. VNIIZR, 1980, p. 13
2. Козырева Н. И. Нематоды семейства Trichodoridae и их роль в распространении вирусных болезней на картофеле в московской области. Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени кандидата биологических наук, Москва, 2008 2. Kozyreva N. И. Nematodes of the family Trichodoridae and their role in the spread of viral diseases on potatoes in the Moscow region. Author abstract of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of biological sciences, Moscow, 2008
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD578G2 (en) * | 1995-10-04 | 1997-03-31 | Институт Генетики И Физиологии Растений Академии Наук Молдовы | Method for reproduction of virusfree potato |
| MD737G2 (en) * | 1995-10-04 | 1998-05-31 | Институт Генетики И Физиологии Растений Академии Наук Молдовы | Method of virusfree potato microclonal propagation |
| MD1146G2 (en) * | 1998-01-16 | 1999-07-31 | Институт Микробиологии И Биотехнологии Академии Наук Молдовы | The Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria strain used for plant protection from phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria |
| MD1400C2 (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 2000-10-31 | Advanced Technologies (Cambridge) Ltd. | Proces for obtaining plants, resistant to the knot nematode, a plant obtained by said process, shoot thereof and chimaeric gene |
| EA005168B1 (en) * | 1999-03-16 | 2004-12-30 | Сантр Насьональ Де Ла Решерш Сьентифик (Снрс) | Method for inducing resistance to a virus into a cell plant or a plant, cell plant and plant having such resistance |
| EA013402B1 (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2010-04-30 | Зингента Партисипейшнс Аг | WAYS TO REDUCE DAMAGE TO NON-MEMBERS |
| EA014045B1 (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2010-08-30 | ДСМ АйПи АССЕТС Б.В. | A new antifungal composition |
| EA017284B1 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2012-11-30 | ДСМ АйПи АССЕТС Б.В. | Treatment of banana and potato plants with a new antifungal composition |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD1400C2 (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 2000-10-31 | Advanced Technologies (Cambridge) Ltd. | Proces for obtaining plants, resistant to the knot nematode, a plant obtained by said process, shoot thereof and chimaeric gene |
| MD578G2 (en) * | 1995-10-04 | 1997-03-31 | Институт Генетики И Физиологии Растений Академии Наук Молдовы | Method for reproduction of virusfree potato |
| MD737G2 (en) * | 1995-10-04 | 1998-05-31 | Институт Генетики И Физиологии Растений Академии Наук Молдовы | Method of virusfree potato microclonal propagation |
| MD1146G2 (en) * | 1998-01-16 | 1999-07-31 | Институт Микробиологии И Биотехнологии Академии Наук Молдовы | The Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria strain used for plant protection from phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria |
| EA005168B1 (en) * | 1999-03-16 | 2004-12-30 | Сантр Насьональ Де Ла Решерш Сьентифик (Снрс) | Method for inducing resistance to a virus into a cell plant or a plant, cell plant and plant having such resistance |
| EA013402B1 (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2010-04-30 | Зингента Партисипейшнс Аг | WAYS TO REDUCE DAMAGE TO NON-MEMBERS |
| EA014045B1 (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2010-08-30 | ДСМ АйПи АССЕТС Б.В. | A new antifungal composition |
| EA017284B1 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2012-11-30 | ДСМ АйПи АССЕТС Б.В. | Treatment of banana and potato plants with a new antifungal composition |
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| Title |
|---|
| Козырева Н. И. Нематоды семейства Trichodoridae и их роль в распространении вирусных болезней на картофеле в московской области. Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени кaндидата биологических наук, Москва, 2008 * |
| Чуканцева Н. К. Рекомендации по защите картофеля от стеблевой нематоды в ЦЧР. ВНИИЗР, 1980, с.13 * |
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