MD4331C1 - Process for preparing an aqueous gluconate electrolyte for deposition of nanocrystalline Co-W coatings - Google Patents
Process for preparing an aqueous gluconate electrolyte for deposition of nanocrystalline Co-W coatings Download PDFInfo
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- MD4331C1 MD4331C1 MDA20140065A MD20140065A MD4331C1 MD 4331 C1 MD4331 C1 MD 4331C1 MD A20140065 A MDA20140065 A MD A20140065A MD 20140065 A MD20140065 A MD 20140065A MD 4331 C1 MD4331 C1 MD 4331C1
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- electrolyte
- gluconate
- sodium
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229940050410 gluconate Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910020515 Co—W Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GHPYJLCQYMAXGG-WCCKRBBISA-N (2R)-2-amino-3-(2-boronoethylsulfanyl)propanoic acid hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.N[C@@H](CSCCB(O)O)C(O)=O GHPYJLCQYMAXGG-WCCKRBBISA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- -1 Iron Metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Invenţia se referă la electrochimie, în particular la un procedeu de preparare a electrolitului apos de gluconat pentru depunerea acoperirilor nanocristaline de Co-W cu proprietăţi de durificare, rezistente la uzură, magnetice şi catalitice.Procedeul de preparare a electrolitului apos de gluconat pentru depunerea acoperirilor nanocristaline de Co-W include dizolvarea în apă cu obţinerea concentraţiilor de clorură de sodiu de 0,51 mol/l şi gluconat de sodiu de 0,55 mol/l, dizolvareaîn soluţia obţinută a acidului boric de 0,65 mol/l şi wolframatului de sodiu de 0,05 mol/l, apoi adăugarea în soluţia obţinută a sulfatului de cobalt de 0,053 mol/l şi aducerea pH-ului soluţiei până la 4…8 prin adăugarea hidroxidului de sodiu sau a acidului sulfuric, după care soluţia obţinută se supune stagnării timp de cel puţin 3 zile.The invention relates to electrochemistry, in particular to a process for preparing the aqueous gluconate electrolyte for coating Co-W nanocrystalline coatings with hardening, wear-resistant, magnetic and catalytic properties. The process for preparing the aqueous gluconate electrolyte for coating coatings Co-W nanocrystallines include dissolving in water to obtain 0.51 mol / l sodium chloride concentrations and 0.55 mol / l sodium gluconate, dissolving in 0.65 mol / l boric acid solution and tungsten of 0.05 mol / l sodium, then addition of 0.053 mol / l of cobalt sulphate to the solution obtained and bringing the pH of the solution up to 4 ... 8 by adding sodium hydroxide or sulfuric acid, after which the obtained solution is subject to stagnation for at least 3 days.
Description
Invenţia se referă la electrochimie, în particular la un procedeu de preparare a electrolitului apos de gluconat pentru depunerea acoperirilor nanocristaline de Co-W cu proprietăţi de durificare, rezistente la uzură, magnetice şi catalitice. The invention relates to electrochemistry, in particular to a process for the preparation of aqueous gluconate electrolyte for the deposition of nanocrystalline Co-W coatings with hardening, wear-resistant, magnetic and catalytic properties.
Este cunoscut procedeul de preparare a electrolitului apos de gluconat pentru depunerea acoperirilor nanocristaline de Co-W, care include dizolvarea în apă cu obţinerea concentraţiilor de sulfat de cobalt de 0,2 mol/l, wolframat de sodiu de 0,2 mol/l, acid boric de 0,2…0,4 mol/l şi de gluconat de sodiu, după care în soluţia obţinută se aduce pH-ul până la 7…9 prin adăugarea hidroxidului de sodiu [1]. The process of preparing the aqueous gluconate electrolyte for the deposition of nanocrystalline Co-W coatings is known, which includes dissolving in water to obtain concentrations of cobalt sulfate of 0.2 mol/l, sodium tungstate of 0.2 mol/l, boric acid of 0.2...0.4 mol/l and sodium gluconate, after which the pH of the obtained solution is brought up to 7...9 by adding sodium hydroxide [1].
Dezavantajul acestui procedeu constă în aceea că în funcţie de timp se obţin acoperiri de Co-W cu o microduritate neomogenă şi care poate fi de 450…1000 kg/mm2. The disadvantage of this process is that, depending on the time, Co-W coatings are obtained with an inhomogeneous microhardness that can be 450...1000 kg/mm2.
Cea mai apropiată soluţie este procedeul de preparare a electrolitului apos de gluconat pentru depunerea acoperirilor nanocristaline de Co-W, care include dizolvarea în apă cu obţinerea concentraţiilor de sulfat de cobalt 0,053 mol/l, gluconat de sodiu 0,55 mol/l şi clorură de sodiu de 0,51 mol/l, dizolvarea în soluţia obţinută a acidului boric de 0,65 mol/l şi wolframatului de sodiu de 0,05 mol/l, şi aducerea pH-ului soluţiei până la 4…8 prin adăugarea hidroxidului de sodiu sau a acidului sulfuric [2]. The closest solution is the preparation process of aqueous gluconate electrolyte for the deposition of nanocrystalline Co-W coatings, which includes dissolution in water to obtain concentrations of cobalt sulfate 0.053 mol/l, sodium gluconate 0.55 mol/l and chloride of sodium of 0.51 mol/l, dissolving in the obtained solution boric acid of 0.65 mol/l and sodium tungstate of 0.05 mol/l, and bringing the pH of the solution up to 4...8 by adding the hydroxide sodium or sulfuric acid [2].
Dezavantajul acestui procedeu constă în instabilitatea proprietăţilor electrolitului în timp şi, ca rezultat, obţinerea depunerilor cu însuşiri nereproductibile. Astfel, electrolitul proaspăt preparat are o conductibilitate electrică de 5,5 S·m-1 care în timp de 10 zile scade până la 5,38±0,03 S·m-1. The disadvantage of this process consists in the instability of the electrolyte properties over time and, as a result, obtaining deposits with non-reproducible properties. Thus, the freshly prepared electrolyte has an electrical conductivity of 5.5 S·m-1 which during 10 days decreases to 5.38±0.03 S·m-1.
De menţionat că instabilitatea proprietăţilor electrolitului de gluconat se manifestă nu numai în funcţie de anodul dizolvabil, dar şi de procedeul de preparare şi perioada de repaus a electrolitului până la exploatarea lui. Astfel, la intensitatea electrolizei de 2,7 A/dm2, temperatura electrolitului de 80°C şi pH-ul 6,5 se obţin depuneri de Co-W cu microduritatea de 650…1050 kg/mm2 [Weston D.P., Gill S.P.A., Fay M., Harris S.J., Yap C.M., Zhang D., Dinsdaie K. Nano-structure of Co-W alloy electrodeposited from gluconate bath. Surface & Coatings Technology, 2013, V. 236, p. 75-83]. It should be mentioned that the instability of the properties of the gluconate electrolyte manifests itself not only depending on the dissolvable anode, but also on the preparation process and the rest period of the electrolyte until its exploitation. Thus, at the electrolysis intensity of 2.7 A/dm2, electrolyte temperature of 80°C and pH 6.5, Co-W deposits with a microhardness of 650...1050 kg/mm2 are obtained [Weston D.P., Gill S.P.A., Fay M., Harris S.J., Yap C.M., Zhang D., Dinsdaie K. Nano-structure of Co-W alloy electrodeposited from gluconate bath. Surface & Coatings Technology, 2013, V. 236, p. 75-83].
Problema pe care o rezolvă prezenta invenţie constă în obţinerea din electrolitul apos de gluconat a depunerilor de Co-W cu însuşiri omogene, în particular, a nanostructurii şi microdurităţii sporite. The problem that the present invention solves consists in obtaining from the aqueous gluconate electrolyte Co-W deposits with homogeneous properties, in particular, increased nanostructure and microhardness.
Procedeul, conform invenţiei, înlătură dezavantajele menţionate mai sus prin aceea că include dizolvarea în apă cu obţinerea concentraţiilor de clorură de sodiu de 0,51 mol/l şi gluconat de sodiu de 0,55 mol/l, dizolvarea în soluţia obţinută a acidului boric de 0,65 mol/l şi wolframatului de sodiu de 0,05 mol/l, apoi adăugarea în soluţia obţinută a sulfatului de cobalt de 0,053 mol/l şi aducerea pH-ului soluţiei până la 4…8 prin adăugarea hidroxidului de sodiu sau a acidului sulfuric, după care soluţia obţinută se supune stagnării timp de cel puţin 3 zile. The process, according to the invention, removes the disadvantages mentioned above in that it includes dissolving in water to obtain concentrations of sodium chloride of 0.51 mol/l and sodium gluconate of 0.55 mol/l, dissolving in the obtained solution of boric acid of 0.65 mol/l and sodium tungstate of 0.05 mol/l, then adding to the obtained solution cobalt sulfate of 0.053 mol/l and bringing the pH of the solution up to 4...8 by adding sodium hydroxide or of sulfuric acid, after which the obtained solution undergoes stagnation for at least 3 days.
Rezultatul tehnic se obţine datorită stabilizării însuşirilor electrolitului apos de gluconat prin ordinea de interacţiune a substanţelor chimice la prepararea electrolitului şi prin menţinerea unei perioade de stagnare a electrolitului. The technical result is obtained due to the stabilization of the properties of the aqueous gluconate electrolyte by the order of interaction of the chemical substances during the preparation of the electrolyte and by maintaining a stagnation period of the electrolyte.
De remarcat că electrolitul de gluconat reprezintă un set de complecşi (asociaţi) cu greutatea moleculară sporită (nu un simplu amestec de săruri) [Shulman A.I., Belevskii S.S., Yushchenko S.P., Dikusar A.I. Role of Complexation in Forming Composition of Co-W Coatings Electrodeposited from Gluconate Electrolyte. Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry, 2014, Vol. 50, Nr. 1, p. 9-17]. It should be noted that gluconate electrolyte represents a set of complexes (associates) with increased molecular weight (not a simple mixture of salts) [Shulman A.I., Belevskii S.S., Yushchenko S.P., Dikusar A.I. Role of Complexation in Forming Composition of Co-W Coatings Electrodeposited from Gluconate Electrolyte. Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry, 2014, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 9-17].
Este evident că viteza de formare a echilibrului la complecşii electrolitului apos de gluconat poate fi modificată cel puţin prin ordinea de interacţiune a substanţelor chimice, iar stabilitatea însuşirilor lui poate fi atinsă printr-o stagnare a electrolitului până la exploatarea lui. Ca rezultat al acestor procedee se pot obţine depuneri nanocristaline cu proprietăţi omogene, în particular a nanostructurii şi a microdurităţii sporite. It is obvious that the rate of formation of the equilibrium in gluconate aqueous electrolyte complexes can be modified at least by the order of interaction of the chemical substances, and the stability of its properties can be achieved by a stagnation of the electrolyte until its exploitation. As a result of these processes, nanocrystalline deposits with homogeneous properties can be obtained, in particular the nanostructure and increased microhardness.
Invenţia se explică prin desenele din fig. 1-3, care reprezintă: The invention is explained by the drawings in fig. 1-3, which represent:
- fig. 1, legitatea de modificare a conductibilităţii electrice (δ, S·m-1) în funcţie de timpul de stagnare (T, ore) la electrolitul de gluconat; - fig. 1, the law of change of the electrical conductivity (δ, S·m-1) depending on the stagnation time (T, hours) in the gluconate electrolyte;
- fig. 2, legitatea de modificare a intensităţii difractogramei razei Roentgen în funcţie de unghiul 2Θ la depunerea aliajului Co-W din electrolitul supus stagnării timp de 3 zile; - fig. 2, the law of changing the intensity of the Roentgen ray diffractogram depending on the angle 2Θ upon the deposition of the Co-W alloy from the electrolyte subjected to stagnation for 3 days;
- fig. 3, morfologia depunerii galvanice de Co-W, obţinut din electrolitul apos de gluconat supus stagnării timp de 3 zile. - fig. 3, the morphology of the galvanic deposition of Co-W, obtained from the aqueous gluconate electrolyte subjected to stagnation for 3 days.
Procedeul se realizează în modul următor. The procedure is carried out in the following way.
Într-un litru de apă se dizolvă 0,51 mol de clorură de sodiu şi 0,55 mol de gluconat de sodiu. După dizolvarea acestor componente în apă la soluţia obţinută se adaugă 0,65 mol de acid boric şi 0,05 mol de wolframat de sodiu. În soluţia obţinută se dizolvă 0,053 mol de sulfat de cobalt, după care pH-ul soluţiei se aduce până la 6,5 prin adăugarea hidroxidului de sodiu. Apoi timp de 3 zile se fac măsurări ale conductibilităţii electrice la temperatura electrolitului de 25°C. 0.51 mol of sodium chloride and 0.55 mol of sodium gluconate are dissolved in one liter of water. After dissolving these components in water, add 0.65 mol of boric acid and 0.05 mol of sodium tungstate to the obtained solution. 0.053 mol of cobalt sulfate is dissolved in the obtained solution, after which the pH of the solution is brought up to 6.5 by adding sodium hydroxide. Then, for 3 days, electrical conductivity measurements are made at the electrolyte temperature of 25°C.
S-a constatat că la electrolitul proaspăt preparat conductibilitatea electrică este de circa 5,67 S·m-1, peste 2 zile de îmbătrânire a electrolitului conductibilitatea lui a scăzut până la 5,4 S·m-1, iar peste 3 zile cu o precizie de 0,6% conductibilitatea a devenit constantă la mărimea 5,38 S·m-1 (fig. 1). It was found that the electrical conductivity of the freshly prepared electrolyte is about 5.67 S·m-1, after 2 days of aging of the electrolyte its conductivity decreased to 5.4 S·m-1, and after 3 days with a precision of 0.6% the conductivity became constant at the size of 5.38 S·m-1 (fig. 1).
Din electrolitul proaspăt şi supus stagnării timp de 3 zile s-au obţinut depuneri galvanice de Co-W la densitatea de curent de 2 A/dm2 şi la temperatura electrolitului de 80°C. Galvanic deposits of Co-W were obtained from the fresh electrolyte subjected to stagnation for 3 days at the current density of 2 A/dm2 and at the electrolyte temperature of 80°C.
S-a constatat că depunerile obţinute din electrolitul proaspăt au o microduritate redusă de circa 610± 66 kg/mm2, iar din cel supus stagnării - sporită, de circa 902±100 kg/mm2. Totodată, la depunerile obţinute din electrolitul supus stagnării intensitatea difractogramei razelor Roentgen are la unghiul de 2Θ≈60° un pisc ascuţit (fig. 2). It was found that the deposits obtained from the fresh electrolyte have a reduced microhardness of about 610±66 kg/mm2, and from the stagnant one - increased, about 902±100 kg/mm2. At the same time, in the deposits obtained from the electrolyte subjected to stagnation, the intensity of the Roentgen ray diffractogram has a sharp peak at the angle of 2Θ≈60° (fig. 2).
Acest fapt confirmă structura cristalină a depunerilor obţinute din electrolitul de gluconat supus stagnării. This fact confirms the crystalline structure of the deposits obtained from the gluconate electrolyte subjected to stagnation.
Examinarea imaginii fotografice a morfologiei suprafeţei depunerilor obţinute din electrolitul supus stagnării ne-a permis să constatăm că structura are o omogenitate sporită (fig. 3), iar nanocristalele au mărimi de circa 2…4 nm (fig. 2). Examining the photographic image of the surface morphology of the deposits obtained from the electrolyte subjected to stagnation allowed us to find that the structure has an increased homogeneity (fig. 3), and the nanocrystals have sizes of about 2...4 nm (fig. 2).
Prin urmare, prin ordinea de interacţiune a substanţelor chimice şi prin stagnarea electrolitului apos de gluconat se pot obţine depuneri de Co-W cu însuşiri reproductibile şi omogene, în particular, a nanostructurii şi a microdurităţii sporite. Therefore, by the order of interaction of the chemical substances and by the stagnation of the gluconate aqueous electrolyte, Co-W deposits with reproducible and homogeneous properties, in particular, of nanostructure and increased microhardness, can be obtained.
1. Tsyntsaru N., Cesiulis H., Donten M., Sorf J., Pellicer E., Podlaha-Murphy E.J. Modern Trends in Tungsten Alloys Electrodeposition with Iron Metals. Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry, 2012, Vol. 48, Nr. 6, p. 499-520 1. Tsyntsaru N., Cesiulis H., Donten M., Sorf J., Pellicer E., Podlaha-Murphy E.J. Modern Trends in Tungsten Alloys Electrodeposition with Iron Metals. Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry, 2012, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 499-520
2. Shulman A.I., Belevskii S.S., Yushchenko S.P., Dikusar A.I. Role of Complexation in Forming Composition of Co-W Coatings Electrodeposited from Gluconate Electrolyte. Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry, 2014, Vol. 50, Nr. 1, p. 9-17 2. Shulman A.I., Belevskii S.S., Yushchenko S.P., Dikusar A.I. Role of Complexation in Forming Composition of Co-W Coatings Electrodeposited from Gluconate Electrolyte. Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry, 2014, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 9-17
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CS253773B1 (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1987-12-17 | Vladimir Holpuch | Electrolyte for the cathodic deposition of alloys of cobalt with phosphorus |
| CS253772B1 (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1987-12-17 | Vladimir Holpuch | Electrolyte for cathodic deposition of cobalt alloys with phosphorus |
| UA32606U (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2008-05-26 | Nat Tech Univ Kharkiv Polytech | Electrolyte for deposition of functional coatings with iron-cobalt alloy |
-
2014
- 2014-07-02 MD MDA20140065A patent/MD4331C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CS253773B1 (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1987-12-17 | Vladimir Holpuch | Electrolyte for the cathodic deposition of alloys of cobalt with phosphorus |
| CS253772B1 (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1987-12-17 | Vladimir Holpuch | Electrolyte for cathodic deposition of cobalt alloys with phosphorus |
| UA32606U (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2008-05-26 | Nat Tech Univ Kharkiv Polytech | Electrolyte for deposition of functional coatings with iron-cobalt alloy |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| Shulman A.I., Belevskii S.S., Yushchenko S.P., Dikusar A.I. Role of Complexation in Forming Composition of Co-W Coatings Electrodeposited from Gluconate Electrolyte. Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry, 2014, Vol. 50, Nr. 1, p. 9-17 * |
| Tsyntsaru N., Cesiulis H., Donten M., Sorf J., Pellicer E., Podlaha-Murphy E.J. Modern Trends in Tungsten Alloys Electrodeposition with Iron Metals. Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry, 2012, Vol. 48, Nr. 6, p. 499-520 * |
| Weston D.P., Gill S.P.A., Fay M., Harris S.J., Yap C.M., Zhang D., Dinsdaie K.. Nano-structure of Co-W alloy electrodeposited from gluconate bath. Surface & Coatings Technology, 2013, V. 236, p. 75-83 * |
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