LV14979B - Method for production of ribbed plates - Google Patents

Abstract

Invention relates to industry of building and mechanical engineering, especially to the production technologies of sheet-type multilayer ribbed plates. Offered method of production for ribbed plates is characterized by the following technological procedures: a) the provided load-bearing plates for forming ribs are glued to sheet(s) of foam-plastic or similar material from one or both sides; b) the previously glued structure is cut in strips at a predetermined angle with an longitudinal axis of said sheet providing the thickness of all strips equal to the distance between said covering layers of designed plate; c) the multilayer ribbed plate is created by orienting said strips transversally to the covering layers of plate and by gluing or fastening them mutually together, as well as with covering layers of plates. Besides, depending on conditions in executive process of operation c), said strips could be arranged in groups, which consist of previously set amounts of strips. The gaps with the certain width can be formed between strips in said groups, in which it is possible, e.g., to place latticed structure that provides additional system of ribs, or they even can be left empty in the process of forming the plate.

Description

Description of the Invention

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the construction and mechanical engineering industries, in particular to manufacturing technologies for the production of multilayer ribbed panels consisting mainly of structural sheet materials with specific oriented fibers and sheet fillers, such as expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam and other composite sheets. with a certain structure and bonded in several ways as laminated materials, but in some cases may also contain sheets with cellular ribs.

The proposed fabrication method can be used for the production of slabs for building, civil engineering and transport applications, which require materials with increased specific load-bearing capacity (mass per unit load) in bending and compression, as well as combinations thereof, while providing improved slab thermal and acoustic properties.

Analysis of prior art

A method is known (LV14519) [1] for manufacturing cellular wood-type materials with a ribbed internal structure, characterized in that the ribbed elements of said cellular plastic are made as follows:

a) making the necessary number of uniform corrugated blanks from laminated wood material (SKM), which are glued in pairs to the backing plate on both sides to form the cellular internal structure of the cell by aligning the opposite corrugated blanks on the back of the backplate opposite surfaces, wherein a small number of said corrugated SKM preforms are glued to the auxiliary plate only on one side to cover the cellular plastic perimeter by placing the smooth surface on the outside;

b) The corrugated blanks produced in step a) are sawn in a plurality of bands by moving the cutting tool in the first direction, i. i.e., perpendicular to the corrugated wave backs, and the resulting bands for producing the structural elements necessary for the cellular plastic structure are sawn in a second direction perpendicular to said first direction by guiding the cutting tool through selectively selected corrugated wave recesses; all wells, if the size of the cellular plastic to be formed exceeds the dimensions of the obtained cellular plastic elements in the first cutting direction by length and / or width;

c) forming a cellular plastic structure in which the ribs from above form a lattice structure of constant height equal to the size of the elements produced in step b) in the second cutting direction, to form the integral cellular elements required and gauge cell plastic along its length and width, disposed coaxially according to the pre-selected cell plastic configuration, and where necessary secured along separate lengths with glue, e.g., by way of bevel glued butt joints or tangent overlaps, the outer covering contour surface is preferably formed from the cellular plastic elements obtained in step b) by sawing the corrugated SKM blanks which in step a) were glued to one side only and facing their flat surface to the outside.

European patent EP1913211 [2] is known, which defines a construction panel and a method of manufacturing it with a multilayer structure consisting of two outer layers spaced apart and parallel to each other and at least one inner layer of wood. a plurality of cavities, wherein: the inner layer is disposed between and connected to the outer layers; between the two layers, at least one of the layers is laminated or slab material selected from the group consisting of: wood, wood material, laminated wood, veneer, particle board or resin-glued wood, metal, textile and fiber material, cardboard , paper, plastics, fiber-reinforced plastics, mineral-based building materials, stone, artificial stone, and composite materials made from two or more of the aforesaid materials, with at least one inner layer of bias fiber associated with said outer is made of wood with a uniform fiber structure, characterized in that the cavities are directed at an angle to the outer layers and that the oblique fibers of the inner layer form a positive angle (+ a) with respect to the planes of both outer layers within +25 ° to + 80 ° and / or negative angles from -25 ° to - 80 °, wherein the additional bias fiber inner layer has a plurality of positively inclined and / or negative inclined recesses which completely pass through the bias fiber inner layer and are parallel to the direction of the individual fibers.

The said European patent emphasizes in particular the usefulness of the use of a pre-defined building panel:

- either specifically as low-copper, separating and load-bearing elements in the construction and reconstruction of new structures, structures, containers, dwelling containers and prefabricated structural structures, in particular for use as walls, partitions, interlayers, or for floors, or for cladding panels and, where appropriate, for use as molded panels, in particular as cladding panels for heat and soundproofing and for insulating panels and structures:

- high-strength lightweight cladding panels in commercial structures or equipment structures, building components and roofs, building basements with thermal and acoustic insulation finishes and cladding, or

- building and interior fittings, revolving doors and sliding doors or security doors, or building components for the construction of buildings, containers, ships, boats and mobile buildings, as well as the fitting or direct use of multi-layer boards and light motor vehicles for recreational vehicles and mobile homes, the furnishing of ships, boats, mobile buildings and floors, claddings, interior finishes and built-in furniture, or

- building elements for the construction of wharves and stands, for the organization and construction of exhibitions, fairs, presentations and markets, or

- accessories for building interiors and interior fittings and equipment or construction tools, as well as for the construction of acoustic systems such as loudspeakers, resonant and vibration plates or instrument decks and bases.

It is known (LV14929) [3] wood profile, which can be used to produce lightweight laminated wood material (SKM) as structured composite materials with a profiled central layer. The profile is made of one piece of material by cutting pieces of material from opposite directions. The profile consists of two basic elements - vertical ribs and horizontal ribs. The vertical ribs are formed with a constant thickness and height equal to the profile thickness and are arranged in a constant pitch. The horizontal bars are of constant thickness, but are spaced along the profile height so that the distance between the centers of two adjacent horizontal bars, projected on an axis parallel to the width of the original profile, is greater than the thickness of the bar. On both sides (top and bottom) of the horizontal transverse slits are formed which separate the vertical ribs from each other.

Laminated wood material (SKM) [4] is known to contain at least three interconnected layers - two parallel outer layers, which may be made of wood panels or other material, and at least one middle layer, made up of a plurality of ribbed profiled elements. Various types of profiles can be used as ribs, such as rectangular profile elements, which form a rib system arranged on slab material with spaced spacing. It is also possible to use profiles that form a conditional rib and cavity block, which, when placed between two board materials, forms a certain structure. The longitudinal axis of all cavities of the ribbed layer is in a plane parallel to the planes of the outer layers. The profiles used in the middle layer of the panel are placed transversely to the edges of the panel, preferably at an angle of 20-70 degrees (longitudinal or parallel to the outer layers of the panel and parallel to one of the edges of the rectangular panel). In this way, all edges and cross-sections parallel to one of the edges of the rectangular panel are formed approximately uniformly and with a sufficiently large cross-section for easy machining. The said outer layers (one or both) are made of a material selected from the group consisting of: wood, wood material, laminated wood, plywood, plywood, particle or resin-glued wood, metal, textile and fiber material, cardboard , paper, plastics, fiber reinforced plastics, mineral based building materials, stone, artificial stone and composite materials made from two or more of the aforesaid materials.

The object of the present invention (EP1913211, LV14929, LV14927) is to minimize the shrinkage of SKM in the direction of the profile width and to increase the useful result in the production process of multilayer wood composite materials, reducing the material weight while eliminating the undesirable effects of wood defects. the load-bearing capacity of the sandwich panel is not sufficiently high in the longitudinal direction of the panel, in particular when its middle layer is mainly insulated with heat and / or sound and is made of it or other foam material.

Purpose and substance of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a simple fabrication technology for ribbed panels that not only performs sound and / or heat insulation functions, but also provides a sufficiently high load-bearing capacity of composite panels, which could also be called sandwich panels. It should be noted that the invention does not relate to the design of concrete constructional slabs that meet certain criteria and / or building codes.

The essence of the invention is as follows:

(a) Plate (s) of load-bearing material to be ribbed (glued) to foam or similar. sheets of material, hereinafter referred to as "filler", on one or both sides, the type of filling being selected depending on the requirements for the ribbed board with respect to heat or sound insulation properties, moisture conductivity, etc. parameters;

(b) the bonded structure referred to in (a) is cut into strips of a width equal to the projected distance between the cover layers of the slab;

c) orienting said strips so that their rib plane is perpendicular to the paneling liners and gluing or otherwise bonding the sheets together to form a single unit, as well as gluing / securing to the paneling liners, to form a multilayer rib, wherein, depending on the circumstances, during operation c) said strips may be assembled in groups, each consisting of a predetermined number of strips, leaving a certain width gap between the groups during the ribbed forming process, e.g. extra rib system, or even left blank.

The following materials or combinations thereof may be used as the load-bearing layer of the barrier according to the invention: plywood, OSB boards, fiber-boards of different density from organic and inorganic materials, reinforced plastics with different material reinforcements, and the load-bearing layer on one or both sides covered with foam of various densities, made using modifications of various polymeric materials.

The following materials selected from the group consisting of: wood, wood material, laminated wood, veneer, plywood, particle board or resin-glued wood, metal, textiles, and the like can be used to form said outer coatings (one or both) for carrying out the invention. fiber materials, cardboard, paper, plastics, fiber reinforced plastics, mineral-based building materials, stone, artificial stone and composite materials made of two or more materials.

Additional features in the process of producing the offered board material include:

- the sheets are treated with flame retardants or antiseptics, if necessary, prior to gluing,

- a spacer frame structure, which performs the function of a wall frame / skeleton and can be optionally fitted with tilts, can be used for additional ribs,

- different adhesives are used to adhere said strips to the cladding boards and / or filler-forming foam-forming elements, where necessary;

- other ribbed material, eg soft fibreboard, is used to separate the ribs, if necessary, in addition to foam sheets.

List of drawings. the main steps of the method of the invention are shown, in which: Figs. la.l and lb.l show the mutual positioning of the sheets of thermal insulation (1) and ribs (2) before joining; Figures la.2 and lb.2 show sheets of heat-insulated and ribbed materials; Fig. la.3 and lb.3 show sawing of sheets of glued material in strips of required thickness; Fig. lc shows the position of the strips of glued material in the panel; Fig .ld shows the connection of the middle layer (1) + (2) of the slab to the cladding sheets (3); Shown is a finished plate with a one-way ribbed thermal insulation.

Fig. 2 Fig. 2A and Fig. 2A show an additional embodiment of the plate-making method (Fig. 1), according to which the rib in the thermal insulation layer is arranged in three mutually perpendicular layers, whereby Fig. 2a and Fig. 2a show a ribbed plate with two sheathed surfaces; 2b.l and 2b.2 with one cladding; Figures 2c and 2d show a combination of the two panels mentioned above. Fig. 2 the following designations have been used: (1) is a sheet of heat-insulating material in the middle layer, (2) is a straight rib of the middle layer; (3) are the mid-layer cladding sheets; (4) is a sheet of thermal insulation material at the outer ribs; (5) are straight ribbed ribs; (6) are sheets of the outer cladding of the slab.

Fig. 3 Fig. 2 shows an additional embodiment of the plate making method according to which, in addition to the straight elements (2), curved ribs (7) are arranged in the middle rib layer, wherein: Figures 3b.l, 3b.2 and 3b.3 show the fabrication of the middle ribbed layer; Figures 3c and 1c illustrate the fabrication of the outer rib layer; Figures 3d and 3e show the mutual arrangement of rib ribs.

Fig. 3 the designations (3), (4), (5) and (6) are the same as in Fig. 2, but additionally (8) denotes a filled foamed thermal insulation material.

Fig. 4 there is shown an expanded version of the panel manufacturing method (Fig. 1), according to which some of the ribs (2) shown in Fig. la.3 are filled with heat insulating (1) on both sides and replaced by ribs shown in Fig. 3a. foamed insulation material (8).

Examples of realization of the invention

Example 1, fig. the ribs (2) and cladding (3) of the panel shown may be of the same or different materials. The same or different adhesives may be used for the bonding of the sheets (1) and ribs (2), sheets (1) and cladding (3) of the insulation material and of the cladding members (2) and the cladding (3) ). Adhering the ribbed thermal insulation layer (1) + (2) to the cladding sheets (3) results in an integral sandwich composite panel construction.

Example 2: Fig. 2 shown in Fig. 1. an expanded version of the panel shown, first making the middle layer. The same principle is used to make the outer ribs, but unlike the middle layer, the cladding is only glued to one of the edges. Then all three layers are glued together. Also in this case, differentiated gluing can be used. The thickness of the outer layers of the slab formed is the same, but may vary for the middle layer.

Example 3: Fig. 3 the plate shown is made in the same way as in fig. pictured. Only the middle rib structure is different. The production of this layer begins by gluing the sheets of straight (2) and curved (7) ribs, then sawing them into strips to the required thickness. The sawn strips are arranged in the same plane and glued together with one of the cladding sheets (3). Fill the cavities formed between the rib elements (2) and (7) with foamed heat-insulating material (8) and then glue the second cladding sheet (3). The fabrication of the outer rib ribs and the interlocking of the three rib ribs are identical to those described in Example 2.

Example 4. Fig. 4 the plate shown is made in the same manner as in fig. pictured. In order to increase the shear stiffness in the transverse direction of the slab, according to the calculation, some of the ribs (2) shown in Figures la.3 and 4c are replaced with the corrugated ribs shown in Figures 3a and 4b with the filling of the thermal insulation (1). Fix the ribs to the cladding sheet (3). As in Example 3, the cavities formed are filled with foamed insulation material (8) and then a second sheet of cladding (3) is glued to the ribbed layer. By the same principle, corrugated ribs can be inserted in Fig. 2. and Figs. layers (1) + (2) and (4) + (5) and can be used to replace the bonded rib-heat insulation strips shown in Fig. 1b and 3a.

List of sources of information used:

1) patent LV 14519;

2) European Patent EP 1913211;

3) patent LV 14929;

4) patent LV 14927.

Claims (4)

Claims 1. A process for the production of ribbed plates characterized by the following operations: (a) The load-bearing plate (s) of the ribbed material shall be glued to foam or the like. sheets of material, hereinafter referred to as "filler", on one or both sides, the type of filling being chosen depending on the requirements of the ribbed board (thermal or acoustic insulation properties, humidity control, etc.); (b) in operation (a), the bonded structure is cut at a predetermined angle relative to the longitudinal axis of said sheet into strips of a width equal to the projected distance between the sheeting layers; c) positioning said strips so that their rib plane is perpendicular to the sheeting covering sheets and glued or otherwise bonded together to form an integral whole, or to be glued / attached to the sheeting sheeting sheets, depending upon the circumstances of the operation; (c) during execution, said strips may be assembled in groups, each consisting of a predetermined number of strips, leaving a certain width gap between the groups during the ribbed forming process, which may, for example, accommodate a grid structure forming an additional rib system; leave blank. The method according to claim 1, wherein the following materials or combinations thereof are used as load-bearing layers for forming the ribs according to the invention: - Plywood, - OSB boards, - fiber boards of different densities of organic and inorganic materials, - reinforced plastic or plastic with reinforcements of different materials, the load-bearing layer being covered on one or both sides by foam of various densities (modifications of polyester, polyethylene and other polymeric materials). The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the following materials selected from the group consisting of wood, wood material, laminated wood, veneer, plywood, particle or resin-glued wood, metal, are used to form said outer coatings. textile and fiber materials, cardboard, paper, plastics, fiber-reinforced plastics, mineral-based building materials, stone, artificial stone and composite materials made from two or more of the aforesaid materials. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, optionally performing at least one of the following: - the strips are treated with flame retardants or antiseptics, if necessary, before bonding, - and / or a spacer frame structure is used to create additional ribs, which performs the function of a skeleton / skeleton and can be optionally fitted with tilts, - and / or different adhesives are used to adhere said strips to the cladding boards and / or the filler-forming foam-forming elements, if necessary; - and / or other sheet materials, such as soft wood fiber boards, are used for rib finishing, if necessary.