LV14712B - Method for production of multilayer composite material used for manufacturing of roadside protection barriers and a multilayer composite material produced by method - Google Patents

Method for production of multilayer composite material used for manufacturing of roadside protection barriers and a multilayer composite material produced by method Download PDF

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Publication number
LV14712B
LV14712B LVP-13-75A LV130075A LV14712B LV 14712 B LV14712 B LV 14712B LV 130075 A LV130075 A LV 130075A LV 14712 B LV14712 B LV 14712B
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Latvia
Prior art keywords
composite material
density polyethylene
rollers
low density
pair
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LVP-13-75A
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Latvian (lv)
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LV14712A (en
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Valdis Leitlands
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LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTES POLIMĒRU MEHĀNIKAS INSTITŪTS, LU aģentūra
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Priority to LVP-13-75A priority Critical patent/LV14712B/en
Publication of LV14712A publication Critical patent/LV14712A/en
Priority to PCT/LV2013/000008 priority patent/WO2014196845A1/en
Publication of LV14712B publication Critical patent/LV14712B/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/10—Interconnection of layers at least one layer having inter-reactive properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/086—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • B29C70/504—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands
    • B29C70/506—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands and impregnating by melting a solid material, e.g. sheet, powder, fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/02—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments
    • B32B17/04—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments bonded with or embedded in a plastic substance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
    • B32B37/20—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of continuous webs only
    • B32B37/203—One or more of the layers being plastic
    • B32B37/206—Laminating a continuous layer between two continuous plastic layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
    • E01F15/02—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes
    • E01F15/04—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes essentially made of longitudinal beams or rigid strips supported above ground at spaced points
    • E01F15/0453—Rails of materials other than metal or concrete, e.g. wood, plastics; Rails of different materials, e.g. rubber-faced metal profiles, concrete-filled steel tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
    • B32B2309/08—Dimensions, e.g. volume
    • B32B2309/10—Dimensions, e.g. volume linear, e.g. length, distance, width
    • B32B2309/105—Thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
    • B32B2310/04—Treatment by energy or chemical effects using liquids, gas or steam
    • B32B2310/0445—Treatment by energy or chemical effects using liquids, gas or steam using gas or flames
    • B32B2310/0454—Hot air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
    • B32B2315/08—Glass
    • B32B2315/085—Glass fiber cloth or fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
    • B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
    • B32B2323/046—LDPE, i.e. low density polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2590/00—Signboards, advertising panels, road signs

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of producing multi-layer composite material composed of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and fiberglass reinforcement and intended for manufacturing roadside safety barriers, the equipment for implementing the said method, and the multi-layer composite material produced by it. The middle sheet of LDPE (2) is fed downward via the first pair of rollers (1) at an even speed of linear movement, the middle sheet of LDPE (2) is heated to the point of melting temperature by streams of hot air produced by hot air generators (3), fiberglass fabric (5) and the outer sheet of LDPE (6) is applied to one side of the middle sheet of LDPE (2) and braided fiberglass bundles (7) and the other outer sheet of LDPE (6) is applied to the opposite side of the middle sheet of LDPE (2) by the second pair of rollers (4). The braided fiberglass bundles (7), composed of 10 to 20 braided glass fibers each, are fed at a distance of 8 to 20 mm from each other. All layers are compressed by the third pair of rollers (8) improving the adhesion between layers. By way of melting, the middle sheet of LDPE (2) has been embedded with fiberglass fabric (5) and braided fiberglass bundles (7) and has welded the outer sheets of LDPE (6) together. ˙

Description

IZGUDROJUMA APRAKSTSDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Izgudrojums attiecas uz ceļu aizsargbarjeru izgatavošanai paredzēta daudzslāņu kompozītmateriāla, kurš sastāv no zema blīvuma polietilēna (LDPE) un stikla šķiedru armējuma, ražošanas paņēmienu, iekārtu šī paņēmiena realizēšanai un ar šo paņēmienu iegūto daudzslāņu kompozītmateriālu.The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a multilayer composite material consisting of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and fiberglass reinforcement for the manufacture of road safety barriers, an apparatus for performing this method and a multilayer composite material obtained by this method.

Zināmā tehnikas līmeņa analīzeAnalysis of prior art

Ceļu aizsargbarjerām ir svarīga loma ceļu satiksmes drošības nodrošināšanā, novēršot transportlīdzekļu nobraukšanu no ceļa vai nokļūšanu citās braukšanas joslās. Ilgstoši ceļu aizsargbarjeras izgatavoja no tērauda vai dzelzbetona. Tomēr šo materiālu kalpošanas laiks ir ierobežots, un tie saskares gadījumā rada papildus bojājumus transporta līdzekļiem.Road safety barriers play an important role in ensuring road safety by preventing vehicles from driving off the road or entering other lanes. For a long time, road barriers were made of steel or reinforced concrete. However, these materials have a limited life span and cause additional damage to vehicles when in contact.

Polimēru materiālu izmantošana aizsargbarjeru izgatavošanā ir izdevīga, jo polimēru materiāliem piemīt zems berzes koeficients, un tāpēc tie saskares gadījumā papildus nebojā transporta līdzekļus. Polimēru materiāli ir vieglāki, lētāki un mazāk pakļauti vides faktoru ietekmei.The use of polymeric materials in the manufacture of protective barriers is advantageous because the polymeric materials have a low coefficient of friction and therefore do not cause additional damage to vehicles in contact. Polymer materials are lighter, cheaper and less exposed to environmental factors.

Ir zināma virkne patentu, kas attiecas uz polimēru materiālu, to skaitā polietilēna, kurus izmanto ceļu aizsargbarjeru vai to daļu izgatavošanai, mehānisko īpašību uzlabošanu. Piemēram, patentā EP1409793B1, ir aprakstīta īpaša polietilēna struktūra, kuru izveidot ir tehnoloģiski sarežģīti.A number of patents are known relating to the improvement of the mechanical properties of polymeric materials, including polyethylene, which are used in the manufacture of road safety barriers or parts thereof. For example, patent EP1409793B1 describes a special polyethylene structure which is technologically difficult to form.

Plaši izplatīts polimēru materiālu mehānisko īpašību uzlabošanas paņēmiens ir to armēšana ar dažādiem materiāliem, to skaitā stikla šķiedru, kas aprakstīts, piemēram, patentā US7743567. Tomēr zināmie paņēmieni nenodrošina kompozītmateriāla mehāniskās īpašības, kas atbilst Standarta EN 1317 prasībām.A widespread technique for improving the mechanical properties of polymeric materials is to reinforce them with a variety of materials, including fiberglass, as described, for example, in US7743567. However, the known techniques do not provide the mechanical properties of the composite material that meet the requirements of EN 1317.

Ir zināmi kompozītmateriālu ražošanas paņēmieni, kuros armējošo slāni, piemēram, stikla šķiedras audumu, pielīmē polimēru materiāla slānim ar citu adhezīvu materiālu (piemēram, patentpieteikuma publikācija US2006121805). Tomēr šāds paņēmiens nav tehnoloģiski piemērots nepārtrauktai ražošanai. Bez tam iegūtais kompozītmateriāls trieciena gadījumā var atslāņoties, jo katram slānim ir atšķirīgas deformatīvās īpašības.Techniques for making composite materials are known in which a reinforcing layer, such as fiberglass cloth, is bonded to a layer of polymer material with another adhesive material (e.g., US2006121805). However, this technique is not technologically suitable for continuous production. In addition, the resulting composite material may be detached in the event of an impact, since each layer has different deformation properties.

Izgudrojuma mērķis un būtībaPurpose and substance of the invention

Tehniskā problēma, kuru risina piedāvātais izgudrojums, ir vienkāršas un lētas tehnoloģijas ar optimizētu izejvielu patēriņu radīšana ceļu aizsargbarjeru izgatavošanai paredzēta kompozītmateriāla ražošanai, kurš ir izmantojams temperatūru diapazonā no - 50 līdz +40 °C.The technical problem solved by the present invention is the creation of a simple and inexpensive technology with optimized raw material consumption for the production of composite material for the manufacture of road safety barriers, which can be used in the temperature range of -50 to +40 ° C.

Ceļu aizsargbarjeru izgatavošanai paredzētā daudzslāņu kompozītmateriāla izgatavošanas paņēmiens, kas ietver LDPE armēšanu ar stikla šķiedrām, saskaņā ar izgudrojumu ir raksturīgs ar to, ka:A method of manufacturing a multilayer composite material for the manufacture of road barrier barriers, which comprises reinforcing LDPE with glass fibers, according to the invention, characterized in that:

- ar pirmo valču pāri no augšas padod vidējo LDPE loksni ar biezumu 1-3 mm, kuru uzsilda līdz kušanas temperatūrai;- feeding the first pair of rolls from above a medium sheet of LDPE with a thickness of 1-3 mm, which is heated to the melting point;

- ar otro valču pāri, kuri viens no otra ir novietoti attālumā, kas atbilst paredzētajam kompozītmateriāla biezumam, vidējai LDPE loksnei no vienas puses padod stikla šķiedras audumu un ārējo zema blīvuma polietilēna loksni ar biezumu 1-3 mm, bet vidējai LDPE loksnei no otras puses padod savītus stikla šķiedru saišķus un otru ārējo LDPE loksni ar biezumu 1-3 mm, pie kam savītie stikla šķiedru saišķi, kuros katrā ir savītas 10-20 stikla šķiedras, katrs tiek padots 8-20 mm attālumā no blakus esošajiem savītajiem stikla šķiedru saišķiem;- with a second pair of rollers spaced from each other corresponding to the intended thickness of the composite material, the middle LDPE sheet is fed on one side with a fiberglass fabric and an outer low density polyethylene sheet with a thickness of 1-3 mm on the other feeding twisted glass fiber bundles and a second outer LDPE sheet having a thickness of 1-3 mm, wherein the twisted glass fiber bundles, each having 10-20 glass fibers, are each fed at a distance of 8-20 mm from adjacent twisted glass fiber bundles;

- ar trešo valču pāri visus iepriekš minētos slāņus sapresē.- with the third pair of rolls, all the above layers are compressed.

Iekārta piedāvātā ceļu aizsargbarjeru izgatavošanai paredzētā daudzslāņu kompozītmateriāla izgatavošanas paņēmiena realizēšanai ietver trīs vienu zem otra novietotus valču pārus, kuri ir izveidoti ar iespēju nodrošināt vienādu apstrādājamo materiālu lineārās pārvietošanās ātrumu, pie kam: pirmais valču pāris ir paredzēts vidējās LDPE loksnes vienmērīgai padošanai no augšas uz leju; otrais valču pāris, kuri viens no otra ir novietoti attālumā, kurš atbilst paredzētajam kompozītmateriāla biezumam, ir paredzēts visu kompozītmateriāla slāņu vienmērīgai pārvietošanai uz leju; trešais valču pāris ir paredzēts visu kompozītmateriāla slāņu sapresēšanai ar uzdoto spēku, pie kam zem pirmā valču pāra ir divi simetriski pret... novietoti karstā gaisa ģeneratori. Simetriskais karstā gaisa ģeneratoru novietojums pārvietojamās vidējās LDPE loksnes abās pusēs nodrošina vienmērīgu vidējās LDPE loksnes uzsildīšanu līdz kušanas temperatūrai.The apparatus for implementing the proposed multi-layer composite material for the manufacture of road safety barriers comprises three pairs of rollers arranged one after the other which are designed to provide the same linear velocity of workpieces, the first pair of rolls being designed to uniformly feed the middle LDPE sheet downwards. ; a second pair of rollers spaced from each other at a distance corresponding to the intended thickness of the composite material are provided for smoothly moving down all layers of the composite material; the third pair of rollers is designed to compress all layers of composite material with a set force, with two hot air generators positioned symmetrically against the first pair of rollers. The symmetrical positioning of the hot air generators on both sides of the movable middle LDPE sheet ensures a smooth heating of the middle LDPE sheet to the melting point.

Iegūtais daudzslāņu kompozītmateriāls sastāv no pieciem slāņiem; vidējā zema blīvuma polietilēna slāņa, kuru no vienas puses aptver stikla šķiedras auduma slānis un no otras puses aptver savīto stikla šķiedru saišķu slānis, pie kam iepriekš minētie trīs slāņi ir sametināti kopā ar divu ārējo zema blīvuma polietilēna slāņu palīdzību.The resulting multilayer composite material consists of five layers; a medium low density polyethylene layer covered on one side by a layer of fiberglass cloth and on the other by a layer of twisted glass fiber bundles, the three layers being welded together by two outer layers of low density polyethylene.

LDPE ir materiāls, kuram ir labas ekspluatācijas īpašības plašā temperatūru diapazonā no -50 līdz +40 °C. Konkrētajam kompozītmateriāla pielietojumam ceļu aizsargbarjeru izgatavošanai īpaši svarīgi ir tas, ka LDPE arī pie zemām temperatūrām nekļūst trausls un saglabā aukstās tecēšanas īpašības. Lai palielinātu iegūtā kompozītmateriāla stiepes izturību, LDPE saskaņā ar izgudrojumu tiek armēts ar stikla šķiedrām un stikla šķiedru audumu ar biezumu, ne mazāku par 0,1 mm. Stikla šķiedru ar 11-13 mikronu diametru stiepes izturība ir ne mazāka par 200 N vienai šķiedrai. Eksperimentāli ir konstatēts, ka daudzslāņu kompozītmateriālam ir pietiekama stiepes izturība garenvirzienā, izmantojot vienu stikla šķiedras auduma slāni un vienu kompozītmateriāla garenvirzienā izvietotu savītu stikla šķiedras saišķu slāni. Ja izmanto tikai stikla šķiedras audumu, tad ir nepieciešams ievadīt kompozītmateriālā vairākus stikla šķiedras auduma slāņus, bet tas tehnoloģiski ir sarežģīti un dārgi, kā arī nevajadzīgi palielina izejvielu patēriņu. Stikla šķiedras nesavītā veidā ievadīt ir tehnoloģiski sarežģīti. Ja kompozītmateriālā ievada tikai savītu stikla šķiedru saišķu slāņus, kompozītmateriāla stiepes izturība garenvirzienā ir laba, bet kompozītmateriālā trieciena gadījumā veidojas plaisas starp savītajiem stikla šķiedru saišķiem. Viena stikla šķiedras auduma slāņa iestrādāšana daudzslāņu kompozītmateriālā novērš šādu plaisu veidošanos. LDPE vidējā slānī ir jābūt pietiekamā daudzumā, lai izkausētais LDPE izspiestos cauri stikla šķiedras audumam un vienlaicīgi aptvertu katru stikla šķiedru saišķī tā, ka neveidojas nepārtraukts stikla šķiedru klājums (kārta) un katra stikla šķiedra saskaras ar izkausēto LDPE. Eksperimentāli ir pierādīts, ka izejvielu patēriņš ir optimāls, ja katrā stikla šķiedru saišķī savij 10-20 stikla šķiedras, stikla šķiedru saišķus attiecīgajā kompozītmateriāla slānī izvieto 8-20 mm attālumā vienu no otra, bet LDPE lokšņu biezums ir no 1-3 mm.LDPE is a material with good performance over a wide temperature range of -50 to +40 ° C. Particularly important for the specific application of composite material in the manufacture of road safety barriers is that LDPE does not become brittle even at low temperatures and retains its cold flow properties. In order to increase the tensile strength of the resulting composite material, the LDPE according to the invention is reinforced with glass fiber and glass fiber fabric with a thickness of at least 0.1 mm. Glass fibers of 11-13 micron diameter shall have a tensile strength of at least 200 N per fiber. Experimentally, it has been found that a multilayer composite material has sufficient longitudinal tensile strength using a single layer of fiberglass fabric and one longitudinal strand of fiberglass bundles of composite material. If only fiberglass is used, it is necessary to introduce several layers of fiberglass into the composite material, but this is technologically complicated and expensive and unnecessarily increases the consumption of raw materials. Introducing fiberglass in an untethered form is technologically difficult. If only layers of stranded glass fiber bundles are introduced into the composite material, the longitudinal tensile strength of the composite material is good, but cracks between the stranded glass fiber bundles occur in the composite material impact. The incorporation of a single layer of fiberglass fabric into the multilayer composite material prevents such cracks. The middle layer of LDPE should be sufficient to push the molten LDPE through the fiberglass fabric and simultaneously cover each fiberglass bundle so that no continuous layer (layer) of fiberglass is formed and each fiberglass comes into contact with the molten LDPE. It has been experimentally proven that the consumption of raw materials is optimal when 10-20 glass fibers are bonded in each fiberglass bundle, the fiberglass bundles are spaced 8-20 mm apart and the LDPE sheets have a thickness of 1-3 mm.

Zīmējumā ir parādīta piedāvātā ceļu aizsargbarjeru izgatavošanai paredzēta daudzslāņu kompozītmateriāla izgatavošanas paņēmiena principiālā shēma.The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a proposed method of fabricating a multi-layer composite material for making road barriers.

Piedāvātā izgudrojuma realizācijas piemērsExample of realization of the proposed invention

Iekārta ceļu aizsargbarjeru izgatavošanai paredzētā daudzslāņu kompozītmateriāla izgatavošanai ietver trīs vienu zem otra novietotus valču pārus (1,The machine for the manufacture of multi-layer composite material for the manufacture of road safety barriers consists of three pairs of rollers (1,

4, 8), kuri ir izveidoti ar iespēju nodrošināt vienādu apstrādājamo materiālu lineārās pārvietošanās ātrumu. Pirmais valču pāris (1) ir paredzēts vidējās zema blīvuma polietilēna loksnes (2) vienmērīgai padošanai uz leju, otrais valču pāris (4) ir paredzēts visu slāņu vienmērīgai pārvietošanai uz leju un tā valči viens no otra ir novietoti attālumā, kurš atbilst paredzētajam kompozītmateriāla biezumam, bet trešais valču pāris (8) ir paredzēts visu kompozītmateriāla (9) slāņu sapresēšanai ar uzdoto spēku, pie tam zem pirmā valču pāra ir divi simetriski pret plakni, pa kuru ir paredzēts padot vidējo zema blīvuma polietilēna loksni, novietoti karstā gaisa ģeneratori (3).4, 8), which are designed to provide the same linear velocity of the workpieces. The first pair of rolls (1) is designed to feed evenly down the middle low density polyethylene sheet (2), the second pair of rolls (4) is designed to move evenly down all the layers and its boats are spaced from one another to the intended thickness of the composite. , and the third pair of rollers (8) is for compression of all layers of composite material (9) by means of a set force, the first pair of rollers being two symmetrical to the plane through which the medium low density polyethylene sheet is to be fed ).

Ar pirmo valču pāri (1) no augšas ar vienmērīgu lineārās pārvietošanās ātrumu padod vidējo LDPE loksni (2) ar biezumu 2 mm, ar karsta gaisa strūklām, kuras padod karstā gaisa ģeneratori (3), vidējo LDPE loksni (2) no abām pusēm vienmērīgi uzsilda līdz kušanas temperatūrai. Ar otro valču pāri (4), kuri ir novietoti 5,8 mm attālumā viens no otra, vidējai LDPE loksnei (2) no vienas puses (zīmējumā - no kreisās puses) padod stikla šķiedras audumu (5) un ārējo LDPE loksni (6) ar biezumu 2 mm, bet vidējai LDPE loksnei (2) no otras puses (zīmējumā - no labās puses) padod savītu stikla šķiedu saišķus (7) un ārējo LDPE loksni (6) ar biezumu 2 mm. Savīto stikla šķiedru saišķi (7) tiek padoti katrs 10 mm attālumā no blakus esošajiem savītajiem stikla šķiedru saišķiem, un katrā saišķī ir savītas 10 stikla šķiedras. Ar trešo valču pāri (8), sapresējot visus slāņus, uzlabo to savstarpējo adhēziju. Iegūtais daudzslāņu kompozītmateriāls (9) ir ar biezumu 5,2-5,8 mm. Vidējā LDPE loksne (2) pēc izkušanas aptver ievadīto stikla šķiedras auduma slāni (5) un savīto stikla šķiedru slāni (7) un sametina ārējās LDPE loksnes (6). Iegūtā daudzslāņu kompozītmateriāla mehāniskās īpašības atbilst standarta EN 1317 prasību T2 noturības līmenim.The first pair of rollers (1) feeds the middle LDPE sheet (2) with a thickness of 2 mm from the top with a uniform linear travel speed, with hot air jets fed by the hot air generators (3), the middle LDPE sheet (2) from both sides Bring to the boil. With a second pair of rollers (4) spaced 5.8 mm apart, the middle LDPE sheet (2) is fed from one side (left in the drawing) into a fiberglass cloth (5) and an outer LDPE sheet (6). with a thickness of 2 mm and fed to the middle LDPE sheet (2) (on the right side of the drawing) of the twisted glass fiber bundles (7) and the outer LDPE sheet (6) with a thickness of 2 mm. The twisted glass fiber bundles (7) are each fed at a distance of 10 mm from the adjacent twisted glass fiber bundles and each fiber has 10 twisted glass fibers. The third pair of rollers (8) improves their adhesion by compressing all layers. The resulting multilayer composite material (9) has a thickness of 5.2 to 5.8 mm. After melting, the middle LDPE sheet (2) covers the introduced fiberglass fabric layer (5) and the interwoven fiberglass layer (7) and welds the outer LDPE sheet (6). The mechanical properties of the resulting multilayer composite material meet the T2 resistance level of EN 1317 requirements.

Claims (3)

PretenzijasClaims 1. Ceļu aizsargbarjeru izgatavošanai paredzēta daudzslāņu kompozītmateriāla izgatavošanas paņēmiens, kas ietver zema blīvuma polietilēna armēšanu ar stikla šķiedrām, atšķirīgs ar to, ka;A method of manufacturing a multilayer composite material for the manufacture of road barrier barriers, comprising: reinforcing low density polyethylene with glass fibers; - ar pirmo valču pāri (1) ar vienmērīgu lineārās pārvietošanās ātrumu no augšas padod vidējo zema blīvuma polietilēna loksni (2) ar biezumu 1-3 mm, kuru uzsilda līdz kušanas temperatūrai;- feeding the first pair of rollers (1) with a uniform linear speed of movement from above a medium low density polyethylene sheet (2) having a thickness of 1-3 mm, which is heated to the melting point; - ar otro valču pāri (4), kuri viens no otra ir novietoti attālumā, kurš atbilst paredzētajam kompozītmateriāla biezumam, vidējai zema blīvuma polietilēna loksnei (2) no vienas puses padod stikla šķiedras audumu (5) un ārējo zema blīvuma polietilēna loksni (6) ar biezumu 1-3 mm, bet vidējai zema blīvuma polietilēna loksnei (2) no otras puses padod savītus stikla šķiedru saišķus (7) un otru ārējo zema blīvuma polietilēna loksni (6) ar biezumu 1-3 mm, pie kam savītos stikla šķiedru saišķus (7), kuros katrā ir savītas 10-20 stikla šķiedras, padod 8-20 mm attālumā no blakus esošajiem savītajiem stikla šķiedru saišķiem (7);- with a second pair of rollers (4) spaced from each other at a distance corresponding to the intended thickness of the composite material, the medium low density polyethylene sheet (2) on one side feeds the fiberglass fabric (5) and the outer low density polyethylene sheet (6) with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm and fed to a medium low density polyethylene sheet (2) on the one hand by twisted glass fiber bundles (7) and a second outer low density polyethylene sheet (6) with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm (7) having 10 to 20 strands of glass fibers each, fed at a distance of 8 to 20 mm from adjacent strands of fiberglass (7); - ar trešo valču pāri (8) visus iepriekš minētos slāņus sapresē.- with a third pair of rollers (8), compress all of the above layers. 2. Iekārta ceļu aizsargbarjeru izgatavošanai paredzētā daudzslāņu kompozītmateriāla izgatavošanas paņēmiena saskaņā ar 1. pretenziju realizēšanai, kas ietver trīs vienu zem otra novietotus valču pārus (1, 4, 8), kuri ir izveidoti ar iespēju nodrošināt vienādu apstrādājamo materiālu lineārās pārvietošanās ātrumu, pie kam; pirmais valču pāris (1) ir paredzēts vidējās zema blīvuma polietilēna loksnes (2) vienmērīgai padošanai uz leju; otrais valču pāris (4), kuri viens no otra ir novietoti attālumā, kurš atbilst paredzētajam kompozītmateriāla biezumam, ir paredzēts visu slāņu vienmērīgai pārvietošanai uz leju; trešais valču pāris (8) ir paredzēts visu kompozītmateriāla (9) slāņu sapresēšanai ar uzdoto spēku; zem pirmā valču pāra (1) simetriski pret plakni, pa kuru ir paredzēts padot vidējo zema blīvuma polietilēna loksni, ir novietoti divi karstā gaisa ģeneratori (3).An apparatus for carrying out a method of manufacturing a multilayer composite material for the manufacture of a road barrier according to claim 1, comprising three pairs of rollers (1, 4, 8) arranged one after the other, which are designed to provide a uniform linear velocity of ; the first pair of rollers (1) for uniformly feeding down the middle low density polyethylene sheet (2); a second pair of rollers (4) spaced from each other at a distance corresponding to the intended thickness of the composite material for smoothly moving down all the layers; a third pair of rollers (8) for compressing all layers of the composite material (9) with force; beneath the first pair of rollers (1), two hot air generators (3) are placed symmetrically to the plane on which the medium low density polyethylene sheet is to be fed. 3. Ceļu aizsargbarjeru izgatavošanai' paredzēts daudzslāņu kompozītmateriāls, kas izgatavots ar paņēmienu saskaņā ar 1. pretenziju, kurš sastāv no pieciem slāņiem: vidējā zema blīvuma polietilēna slāņa, kuru no vienas puses aptver stikla šķiedras auduma slānis, bet no otras puses aptver savīto stikla šķiedru saišķu slānis; diviem ārējiem zema blīvuma polietilēna slāņiem, pie kam iepriekš minētie trīs zema bīvuma polietilēna slāņi nodrošina sasaiti starp visiem pieciem kompozīta slāņiem.A multi-layer composite material for the manufacture of road safety barriers according to claim 1, consisting of five layers: a middle layer of low density polyethylene covered on one side by a layer of fiberglass cloth and on the other by a strand of fiberglass. bundle layer; two outer layers of low density polyethylene, the above three layers of low density polyethylene providing bonding between all five layers of the composite.
LVP-13-75A 2013-06-07 2013-06-07 Method for production of multilayer composite material used for manufacturing of roadside protection barriers and a multilayer composite material produced by method LV14712B (en)

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