LU83410A1 - FIRE-RESISTANT FOR THE PASSAGE OF AT LEAST ONE HOLLOW ELEMENT THROUGH A WALL OF A BUILDING - Google Patents

Description

% 1 \

The present invention relates to a fire stop for the passage of at least one hollow element, such as pipe, sheath, tube, through a wall of a building, in particular a wall or a ceiling.

The techniques generally known hitherto for preventing the spread of a fire through a wall at the point of passage of such a hollow element consist in using a throttling device essentially comprising a product which is abundant under the effect of heat, applied around the hollow element, * so as to exert a radial pressure on the latter. This pressure must be sufficient to be able to crush and strangle the softened element under the effect of heat.

This device requires a relatively large workforce and is not suitable for very specific cases. They must in particular be elements made of a material having a relatively low softening point, such as a thermoplastic material with a relatively thin wall and having a diameter of less than 20 cm. In addition, such a device requires a certain time before the abundant product is strangled the element.

One of the essential aims of the present invention consists in presenting a fire stop which makes it possible to remedy these drawbacks and gives a very effective solution for any type of hollow element.

To this end, according to the invention, the firebreak comprises a flange of a substantially non-combustible material mounted around the element. pf! // Üf i 3

Advantageously, the flange comprises at least one screen made of a material substantially gas-tight, heat conductive and having a melting point of less than 900 ° C and preferably less than 650 ° C, also extending around the hollow element.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned flange is mounted against the external surface of the hollow element passing through the wall.

For the passage, through a wall, of an element which can be subjected to relatively large longitudinal and / or transverse displacements and expansions, in particular a steel tube in which circulates a fluid at variable temperature , or a tube, of a certain length, subjected to a very variable external heat, made of a material having a relatively high coefficient of expansion and having a particular geometric configuration, the aforementioned collar preferably extends to a certain distance around this element, so that the latter can move and expand freely in longitudinal and transverse directions inside the flange.

More particularly, in this latter embodiment, the fire barrier according to the invention comprises at least one flexible and compressible plug, such as a diaphragm, made of a material which is substantially non-combustible and gas-tight, placed around this element, s between the latter and the collar.

Other details and particularities of the invention will emerge from the description given below, by way of nonlimiting example, of some particular embodiments of the invention, with reference to the / accompanying drawings. // / Λ- '// / /' l '/ 4, »I FIG. 1 is a view in longitudinal section [and with partial breakage of a firebreak, according to the invention, mounted around a plastic pipe.

Figure 2 is a similar view of another embodiment of the fire barrier, according to the invention, mounted around a steel tube which can undergo significant expansion in longitudinal and transverse directions; FIG. 3 represents a graph showing the relationship between the diameter of a hollow element and the width of the collar.

In the two figures, the same reference numerals designate identical or analogous parts.

ï tj Generally, the invention relates to a fire stop for the passage of at least hollow element 1, such as pipe, sheath, tube, through a wall 2 of a building (in particular d 'a wall on the ceiling, comprising, at at least one of the sides of the wall 2, a flange 3 made of a substantially non-combustible material mounted around the element 1 and applied against the wall 2.

This collar 3 is advantageously constituted by a sleeve based on non-combustible fibers, such as a rock wool manchen, formed, for ease of assembly, of at least two separate portions a and b coated internally and externally with a fire-resistant sealant and assembled around element 1.

The width of the collar is preferably - between 2 to 6 times the inside diameter of the hollow element 1, while its thickness is between 3 to 10 cm.

In addition, the collar comprises, in a particular embodiment of the invention, at least one screen 4 made of a material substantially gas tight, conductive of heat and having a point of ^. / "- · ï- ^ · - onr, on <= * · no oT-éFéîre’ "· ce inferior / à rusxon mrerieur a" w u- ¥ - * - * - = "t 1 5

This screen 4 extends author of the hollow element between two layers of fire-resistant sealant 5 and 6, so as to be completely embedded in this fire-resistant sealant.

This screen is generally formed by a thin sheet of aluminum, of the order of 0.03 to 2 mm and preferably of the order of 0.05 to 0.10 mm.

.As already mentioned above, Figure 1 relates to an embodiment of a fire stop according to the invention for the passage of a hollow element in a plastic material.

However, this element can be made of any material, such as for example a thermosetting or thermoplastic material, or a material which conducts heat or not, in particular glass, steel, copper, zinc etc.

In this embodiment, the collar 2 is mounted against the external surface of this element, preferably by means of a fire-resistant sealant, so as to seal between the element and the collar. The latter successively comprises a first layer of this fire-resistant sealant 5, to ensure the resulting seal, an aluminum sheet 4, extending all around the element 1, followed by a new layer of sealant 6, d 'ur.e layer of rock wool 7 and an outer or finishing layer S of fire-resistant sealant, which also extends on the lateral edge of the flange opposite to that applying against the wall 2, as indicated by the reference?.

In order to ensure a seal between the collar and the wall, it is also very useful to provide between the latter and the collar such a layer of sealant 10, this layer 10 being either applied immediately before the installation of the collar on the wall around some-

/ V

ment 1, either directly on the lateral edge corresponds ^ ”/ ·’ '6 I · of the flange when fitting the latter, so that the putty is still sticky.

It is therefore necessary that the fire-resistant sealant connects the collar by bonding both to the wall 2 and to the hollow element 1.

Figure 2 relates to a fire barrier according to the invention which is particularly suitable for passengers through said wall, of an element which may be subjected to relatively large longitudinal and / or transverse displacements and / or expansions.

It can in particular be a steel pipe in which a fluid circulates whose temperature can vary | between wide limits. Depending on the nature of the fluid, such a pipe can undergo very large expansions which can reach, in certain cases, an amplitude of approximately 10 cm.

It may also be a metal pipe, having a certain length, exposed externally to a very variable heat effect, for example in the sun, having a relatively imparting coefficient of expansion and extending in a geometric configuration requiring free suspension of driving.

| In such an embodiment, the flange 2 extends a certain distance around the element 1 so that the latter can move and move freely in longitudinal and transverse directions with the desired amplitude .

At least one flexible and compressible plug 11, such as a diaphragm, made of substantially non-combustible material | / * and gas tight is placed inside the flange t | 3, around the element 1, so as to ensure the tightness • I ‘between the flange 3 and the element 1 without hampering the movement of the latter / for example as a result of its expansion.

It is useful for this plug to have sufficient elasticity so that it can follow the movement of the hollow element 1 while maintaining the seal between the latter and /; .7: 1 & -collerette. '..ν' 7 t

In practice, such a plug 11 is generally placed close to each of the ends of the collar 3, inside the latter.

In the case of a collar mounted at a certain distance from the element 1, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the collar is mounted, preferably by means of a layer of fire-resistant sealant 5 ′ on a hollow element 1 ′, which is for example similar to element 1 in FIG. 1. This hollow element 1 ′ has a sufficiently large cross section relative to that of the central element 1, so as to be extend at a certain distance around the latter and then allow its displacement caused for example by dilation.

Thus, the distance separating the element 1 from the collar 3 is generally between 1 to 10 cm and preferably between 2 to 5 cm.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the flange has, at its end opposite to that applied against the wall 2, a flexible shutter flap 12 extending in the form of a truncated cone outside 3a collar. This flap is fixed against the element 1 by means of a layer of fire-resistant sealant 9 ′ extending from the layer of sealant 9 on a part of the external surface of the tube, situated outside the flange .

The flap 12 can for example consist of a glass fiber cloth.

The screen 4 is located at a certain distance from the element 1 ′, inside this layer of rock wool 7, although it is perfectly possible to provide the screen 4 near the element 1 ', as in the embodiment shown in Figure 1. / / // i "i' t 8 ii: In addition, we could provide several successive screens i embedded in fire-resistant putty and separated from each other t of the others by a layer of rock wool. We could: thus envisage a combination of the embodiments J shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

ï It has been observed that the presence of one or more screens of the type described above makes it possible to considerably increase the fire performance, especially when the hollow element 1, in the embodiment \ shown in FIG. 1, may burn or melt under the action of heat and thus disappear at least partially,! such as for example a hose made of a synthetic material,: thermoplastic or thermosetting. This rather unexpected favorable effect seems to be due to a triple function accomplished by this screen.

Indeed, in a first phase, at the start of the fire, the screen would perform a moderating function by creating a cold zone inside the collar and preventing the passage of water vapor, coming from the putty, which may create small channels through the flange to the outer surface of the latter.

In a second stage, when the temperature of the collar increases, the element 1 heats up and the part of it near the bottom wall, burns and disappears. This has the consequence that the glue-1 "rette is directly exposed to heat.

Greece with the presence of screen 4 protected by a layer 5 of fire-resistant sealant, we avoid cracking of the collar. In addition, the screen 4 reflects heat a little 1, which slows the increase in temperature of the collar.

| In a third stage, the part of the screen 4, - I near the wall and the most exposed to heat // J in turn melts. Thus, the thermal bridges created by t.

9 this screen are cut, so that the heat transmitted laterally by the screen to the outside of the flange is minimized despite its heat conducting properties.

This triple phenomenon has the consequence of considerably slowing the increase in the temperature of the collar at the start of the fire compared to a collar not having such a screen.

The element 1 can either be embedded in the wall 2, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, or mounted in a bay provided in the wall.

In each case, the wall, if it is made of masonry or concrete, should preferably have a minimum thickness of 150 mm.

In addition, if the element crosses the wall through a bay having a section greater than the external section of the element, a panel of substantially non-combustible material must be used to seal the space in the bay between the element and the edges. of the latter.

If this panel is a rock wool mattress, it preferably has a thickness of 150 mm and is applied against or in the opening around the element before the installation of the flange.

Below are given some practical test results to illustrate the advantages of the fire barrier according to the invention.

First type of tests.

These tests were carried out with an assembly of the type shown in FIG. 1 / in which the element 1 consisted of a polyvinyl chloride pipe with an inside diameter of 160mm and a length of 1050 mm from deyla ^ i :> 10 i Î wall. This pipe was horizontally embedded in one.

vertical concrete wall 150 mm thick and was plugged at its end opposite the wall, ï The flange 3 was formed successively- | * ment (a) of an inner layer of a fire-resistant sealant in which are embedded two superimposed sheets of aluminum 50 'thick, separated from each other by a layer' of this sealant of 4 mm, (b) a layer of rock wool f of 50 mm and (c) an outer finishing layer also in this same 2 mm thick fire-resistant sealant.

! A 2 to 4 mm layer of mastic was also provided between the wall and the collar as well as i * i on the opposite edge of the latter.

• i

The total width of the collar was 500; mm and a plug 14 of substantially non-combustible material i was provided in the end of the pipe 1 opposite the wall.

; A fire was simulated by means of a torch held in the axis of the pipe, on the opposite side of the wall; with respect to the collar, at a distance of 300 mm from i; this wall, with the flame directed towards the pipe. The average flame temperature was around 800 ° C.

! Temperature measurements as a function of time -1 i were made downstream of the collar, on the one hand, on the surface of the pipe and, on the other hand, at a certain depth of the order of 50 mm in the pipe. y 11 1. Results of measurements on the surface of the pipe. time in minutes' 5 '10' 15 '30' 60 '120' 150 '180' t ° 120 110 105 130 132 130 144 160

AT

t ° 80 60 70 65 80 85 95 120

B

t ° 60 90 90 95 90 90 108 110 c

t °: temperature at the point where the pipe leaves the A

flange, upper side.

t °: temperature at the point where the pipe leaves the B

flange, lower side.

t®: temperature 450 mm from where the pipe comes out of the flange, upper side.

v "time in minutes": designates the moment, after the start of the torch, of the measurement, of the temperature. / / / / / / i 12 2 ^ Results_of_measures_in_l1 inside the pipe.

; Table II.

i: “time in; minutes 10 '20' 30 * 75 '90' jt® 300 310 300 300 260 t® 220 200 210 210 200 tj 140 150 150 140 120 h 210 200 180 180 160 1t® m 150 160 150 150 140 b 160 170 160 140 140 t® 120 140 120 130 120 3 ï

The measurements were taken to a depth of 50 mm at; inside the pipe.

t °: temperature, at the point where the pipe leaves the flange, to a depth of 50 mm from the upper side f.

i

i T

; t®: temperature at a distance of 450 mm from where i ^: the pipe comes out of the flange, to a depth of 50 mm from the upper side.

tj: temperature at a distance of 450 mm from where the pipe comes out of the flange, to a depth of / 5 / f mm / / from the bottom side. / 13 t °: temperature at a distance of 250 mm from the place where the pipe comes out of the flange over a distance of 50 cm from the upper side (h), „side at half height (m) and lower respectively (b).

t | : temperature at the point where the pipe comes out of the collar, 50 mm from the bottom side.

During these tests, it was found, after 45 minutes, the appearance of a 5 mm arrow in the upper part of the pipe, at a distance of 130 mm from the place where it comes out of the flange; after 75 minutes, this arrow had become 10 mm and then remained constant until the end of the test.

Similar tests were carried out on a firebreak without aluminum foil.

The temperature at the measurement points was found to rise much faster at the start of the tests. Thus the temperature at the place t £ already reached 150 ° C after lo minutes to then oscillate around an average of around 145 ° C during the first hour and reach 160 ° C after 150 minutes.

These tests therefore confirm the moderating role played by the screen in the uhase testing creamer. / // /! / V '14

J

Second type of tests.

(- \ These tests were carried out with an assembly of the “type shown in FIG. 2 in which the element 1 was constituted by a steel tube with an internal diameter of 50 mm. This tube was closed at a distance of 700 mm from the wall.

The flange was similar to that of the first type of test with two aluminum sheets and was mounted around the steel tube on a polyvinyl chloride pipe with an internal diameter of 120 mm and a length corresponding to the width of the collar which is therefore 1,500 mm.

The space between the tube and the flange was closed at the end of the latter, opposite the wall, by a flap, formed with a glass cloth, and a diaphragm was mounted inside this space to create one | additional seal between the tube and the flange.

| A fire was simulated in the same way \ as in the first type of test.

It was found that the temperature of the steel tube, at the point where it left the flange, increased, after 5 minutes, in a practically linear fashion as a function of time, to reach a temperature of 107 ° C, after 3 hours.

- These and other tests carried out in accordance with NBN 713020 standards made it possible to determine, in a | quite unexpected, that there is a very close relationship i for a predetermined fire performance, between the internal diameter and the width of the collar for a determined thickness thereof. ^

A graph could thus be established on the basis of the first type of tests described above. // * 15

This graph is shown in FIG. 3. It gives on the ordinate Y the width (in mm) of the collar and on the abscissa X (in mm) the internal diameter of tr. pipe on which the flange is mounted. The Rf 1 H curve corresponds to a fire resistance for 1 hour, while the Rf 2 H curve corresponds to a fire resistance for 2 hours according to NBN 713020 standards.

Thus, it can be seen for example for a pipe diameter of 100 mm, that the width of the flange must be 225 mm for a fire resistance of 1 hour, and 360 mm for a fire resistance of 2 hours.

These curves were established for flanges having a thickness of 50 mm. If the inside diameter of the flange is 250 mm or more, it may be useful to increase the thickness of the flange p "e. at 75, mm.

It is understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the figures and that many variants can be envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Thus, the same flange can simultaneously surround several hollow elements and the non-combustible material and the fire-resistant sealant used can be of different types.

Instead of rock wool coated with fire-resistant sealant, one could for example use a substantially rigid non-combustible material, such as "Pical", mounted, if necessary, against the element by means of a flexible joint. and substantially compressible ensuring the necessary tightness, such as an asbestos-based seal.

Furthermore, tests have shown that the flange can be mounted on any side of the wall, since the fire performance is practically independent of the location of the flange in relation to the fire. Thus, the flange can be located on the opposite side of the wall with respect to the fire as in the ôê-f crios tests above or on the same side of the fire with respect to / the wall. / 'J / # -! 16

In some cases, a flange could also be provided on either side of the wall or passing through the wall. It is then necessary, to be based on the graph, add the widths of the two flanges.

= If in the hollow element 1 there takes place a draft or aspiration of gas such as air, in particular an air duct, provision is advantageously made in the latter · | a valve or the like making it possible to plug or close this element when a fire occurs, so as to cut the draft or the suction. Such a valve has been shown in FIG. 4 by the reference 14.

The closure of the valve can preferably be done automatically and is controlled in this regard for example by a fire detector, not shown in this FIG. 4.

We could, if necessary, provide several successive valves.

This or these valves fulfill a function somewhat similar to that of the plugs or diaphragms 11 shown in FIG. 2.

> 1 ij Unexpectedly, these valves must not have fire performance in the direction of the gates

It or known fire dampers.

It suffices, in fact, that they prevent circulation or draft inside the hollow element 1.

In some cases, it might be useful to provide such valves even in hollow elements 1 | "in which, in normal operation, a draft circulates

Ilation or aspiration does not occur, but, on the other hand, in the event of fire, such a phenomenon could be created. This risk could, for example, exist for pipes / dd of large cross-section. / /! Îf ί ·

ri fK

Claims (20)

1. Firestop for the passage of at least one element Ci-them, such as pipe, sheath, tube, through a wall of a building uft, in particular of a wall or ceiling, characterized in that it comprises a collar of a substantially non-combustible material mounted around the element. J »2. firebreak according to claim 1, characterized in that the collar consists of a sleeve based on non-combustible fibers, such as a rock wool sleeve. 3. Firestop according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the collar consists of at least two portions assembled around the element. 4. Firestop according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flange is coated internally and externally with a fire-resistant sealant. 5. Firestop according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the width of the flange is between 2 and 6 times the internal diameter of the hollow element, while its thickness is between 3 and 10 cm. 6. Firestop according to any one of the re-cendicataons 1 to 5, characterized in that the collar comprises at least one real screen made of a material substantially gas-tight, heat conductive and having a lower melting point. at 900 ° C., and preferably less than 650 °, also extending around the hollow element, preferably inside the collar and / or / near the element. // / // U? . 18I. . '' 7. Firestop according to claim 6, characterized in that the screen is embedded in anti-fire putty. 8. Firestop according to either of Claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the screen consists of aluminum foil. 9. Firestop according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the aforementioned flange is mounted against the external surface of the hollow element. 10. Firestop according to claim 9, characterized in that a material forming a seal, such as a layer I of a fire-resistant sealant, is provided between the element and the collar so as to produce the sealing between these || last. 1 · 5 '11. Firestop according to any one of claims I to 8, characterized in that, for passage,! through a wall, of an element which can be subjected to relatively large longitudinal and / or transverse displacements and expansions, in particular a steel tube, in which a fluid with variable temperature circulates or a tube being able to undergo deformations under the effect of a variation in outside temperature, the aforementioned collar extends at a certain distance around this element, so that the latter can "move and expand freely in lon gitudinal and transverse directions inside the collar, i 12. Firestop according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises at least one flexible and compressible plug, such as a diaphragm, of substantially non-combustible material and çaz-tight £ placed inside the collar, around the element which can be / subjected to relatively large longitudinal / / and / or transverse displacements and / or dilations. /, / 'S 13. Firestop according to claim 12, characterized in that in that aforesaid plug is provided near each of the ends of the flange f inside thereof. 14. Firestop according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the collar * is mounted, preferably by means of a fire-resistant sealant, on a hollow element, in particular of a non-material conductor, like plastic, of larger cross section than the element which can be subjected to relatively large longitudinal and / or transverse expansions and / or expansions, so as to extend at a certain distance around the latter. 15. Firestop according to claim 14, characterized in that this element of larger section is ·; consisting of a plastic pipe end extending into an opening in the auto wall; - of the element. 16. Firestop according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the distance squeezing the element of the collar is between 1 and 13 cm and preferably 2 and 5 cm. 17. Firestop according to any of the re-, ve> dications 11 to 16, characterized in that the collar i I has # at its end opposite to that applied against it wall, a flexible sealing flap s' extending autotir of the element until against the external surface of this i: âe ^ ier. 18. Firestop according to claim 17, coactéré in that gue the flap is held against the outer surface of the element by means of a fire m? Tic. 19. Firestop according to one or the other âes j claims 17 and 18, characterized in that the ba'vette extends along a trunk of cone or 'en'accordéon; or bellows around the aforementioned element, outside the flange, so as to be able to follow displacements of the element extending inside the glue! Ette rette. 20. Firestop according to one guelcongue of re- ~ vendications 1 to 19, characterized in that the flange is mounted on the wall against the wall by the intermediary of a plate of a material substantially incombus- II tible located around this element. ! 21. Firestop according to any one of Claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the relationship between the inside diameter of the flange and the width of the latter responds substantially to the graphics in FIG. fure 3. 22. Firestop according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the flange: is mounted at at least one of the sides of the wall and in application only against the latter. 23. Firebreak according to any one of the res-! above, characterized in that closing means i j, such as one or more valves, are provided | "inside the hollow element, substantially at the height of the flange, these means being mounted so as to be able to close off the element in the event of fire. 24. Firestop for the passage of at least one hollow element through a wall of a building, as described above or shown in the accompanying drawings. Des — s: 3 ........... r.:1:,:-.35 -JLQ— pi.γ, ϊξ son: ....... À. dr. qsrc-s -Λ $ L; - Γ r Gtsctr-tlon .h; ’r ravendicatior