LU83284A1 - SELF-CLEANING SYSTEM ON THE TUBE SIDE EXCHANGERS - Google Patents
SELF-CLEANING SYSTEM ON THE TUBE SIDE EXCHANGERS Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- LU83284A1 LU83284A1 LU83284A LU83284A LU83284A1 LU 83284 A1 LU83284 A1 LU 83284A1 LU 83284 A LU83284 A LU 83284A LU 83284 A LU83284 A LU 83284A LU 83284 A1 LU83284 A1 LU 83284A1
- Authority
- LU
- Luxembourg
- Prior art keywords
- spiral
- tubes
- diameter
- tube
- self
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007425 progressive decline Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/086—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from titanium or titanium alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
- B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
- B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
- B08B9/043—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved by externally powered mechanical linkage, e.g. pushed or drawn through the pipes
- B08B9/0436—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved by externally powered mechanical linkage, e.g. pushed or drawn through the pipes provided with mechanical cleaning tools, e.g. scrapers, with or without additional fluid jets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
- E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
- E03C1/12—Plumbing installations for waste water; Basins or fountains connected thereto; Sinks
- E03C1/30—Devices to facilitate removing of obstructions in waste-pipes or sinks
- E03C1/304—Devices to facilitate removing of obstructions in waste-pipes or sinks using fluid under pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
- F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
- F28F13/125—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation by stirring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
- F28G1/00—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances
- F28G1/06—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances having coiled wire tools, i.e. basket type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0059—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for petrochemical plants
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
Description
L'encrassement d'un échangeur, notamment en raffinerie, présente divers inconvénients i On constate : - une baisse progressive des performances d'échange thermique, d'où une plus grande consommation d'énergie, 5 - une augmentation progressive des pertes de charge, et par fois une limitation de débit, - l'obligation d'arrêter une installation pour nettoyer l'un de ses échangeurs s'il n'est pas muni d'un bipass, ce qui entraîne un manque à gagner sur la production, et des dé- 1Q penses diverses inhérentes à toutes les opérations d'arrêt et de remise en marche, telles que des dépenses de combustible, de torchage, etc ...The fouling of an exchanger, particularly in a refinery, has various drawbacks i We note: - a gradual decrease in heat exchange performance, resulting in greater energy consumption, 5 - a gradual increase in pressure losses , and sometimes a flow limitation, - the obligation to stop an installation to clean one of its exchangers if it is not equipped with a bypass, which leads to a shortfall in production, and various expenses inherent in all shutdown and restart operations, such as fuel, flaring expenses, etc.
L'investissement dans l'aménagement d'un bipass entraîne d'autres dépenses, celles de l'installation des 15 vannes d'isolement du bipass et de sa vanne, ainsi que celles relatives à la perte de chaleur pendant la période du nettoyage de l'échangeur bipassé.The investment in the development of a bipass involves other expenses, those of the installation of the 15 isolation valves of the bipass and its valve, as well as those relating to the heat loss during the period of cleaning of the exchanger bypassed.
Oans tous les cas, le nettoyage du faisceau de tubes est onéreux et révèle que les tubes encrassés sont par-20 fois l'objet de corrosion sous dépôt.In all cases, cleaning the tube bundle is expensive and reveals that the dirty tubes are 20 times subject to corrosion under deposit.
L'invention a pour objet un dispositif simple, relativement peu coûteux pour assurer un auto-nettoyage permanent de l'intérieur des tubes lorsque l'échangeur est en service. Ce dispositif est placé dans chaque tube de l'ap-25 pareil.The invention relates to a simple device, relatively inexpensive to ensure permanent self-cleaning of the interior of the tubes when the exchanger is in service. This device is placed in each tube of the similar ap-25.
Le dispositif conforme à l'invention consiste en une spirale métallique élastique résistant à la corrosion et aux frottements, s'étendant sur toute la longueur des tubes, qui est mise en agitation par la circulation du fluide afin 3Q d'éviter, ou d'éliminer les dépôts sur la paroi interne des tubes.The device according to the invention consists of an elastic metal spiral resistant to corrosion and friction, extending over the entire length of the tubes, which is stirred by the circulation of the fluid in order to avoid, or to remove deposits on the inner wall of the tubes.
Suivant un premier mode de réalisation, on enfile par aspiration, par exemple, un fil métallique de forme spiralée allongée, de pas déterminé, allant de 1 à 7 fois le 35 diamètre du tube, obtenu par étirage d'un ressort, dans un λ tube un peu plus long, pour tenir compte de l'allongement I du fil spiralé en service.According to a first embodiment, a metallic wire of elongated spiral shape, of determined pitch, ranging from 1 to 7 times the diameter of the tube, obtained by stretching a spring, is threaded by suction, for example slightly longer tube, to take account of the elongation I of the spiral wire in service.
5-L5-L
' '· .. - 2 - ·"' La spirale est constituée d'un fil métallique de diamètre alla* de 0,3 à 1mm, résistant à la corrosion et à l’usure par frottement - tel qu'un fil de ressort en un métal ou un alliage convenable cumm.'' · .. - 2 - · "'The spiral consists of a metal wire of diameter alla * from 0.3 to 1mm, resistant to corrosion and wear by friction - such as a spring wire of a suitable metal or alloy cumm.
le titane écroui par exemple, ou toute autre matière appropriée»hardened titanium for example, or any other suitable material ”
Le choix des caractéristiques de la spirale : pafi, diamètre, élasticité, diamètre du fil constituant la spirale matériau la constituant est essentiellement déterminé par la fréquence de vibrabion désirée dans les conditions de service de 11 échangeur.The choice of the characteristics of the spiral: pafi, diameter, elasticity, diameter of the wire constituting the material spiral constituting it is essentially determined by the desired vibration frequency under the conditions of service of the exchanger.
La spirale allongée s'inscrit dans un cylindre fictif dont ie diamètre est au moins égal à la moitié du diamètre du tube et peut s'inscrire dans un cylindre d'un diamètre compris entre 0,50 et . 0,90 fois le diamètre intérieur du tube.The elongated spiral is inscribed in a fictitious cylinder whose diameter is at least equal to half the diameter of the tube and can be inscribed in a cylinder with a diameter between 0.50 and. 0.90 times the inside diameter of the tube.
La spirale est fixée dans le tube de manière souple par une de ses extrémités, côté amont par rapport à l'écoulement du fluide paj un système d'accrochage qui peut être de même nature que le res§orî ou de nature différente. En effet ce système d'accrochage peut être une pièce rapportée, telle qu'une agrafe métallique en forme de U en même matière que le ressort ou tout autre· matériau résistant à la corrosion et au frottement. Il peut encore être réalisé par la jonction des extrémités de deux fils adjacents entrecroisées.The spiral is fixed in the tube in a flexible way by one of its ends, upstream side with respect to the flow of the fluid paj a system of attachment which can be of the same nature as the res§orî or of different nature. Indeed this attachment system can be an insert, such as a U-shaped metal clip made of the same material as the spring or any other material resistant to corrosion and friction. It can also be achieved by joining the ends of two adjacent crisscrossed wires.
Sous l'effet du courant en régime turbulent, la spirale est j agitée en permanence, elle frappe et frotte régulièrement tous les points de la paroi intérieure du tube en tournant,créant ainsi un contact répétitif avec la paroi intérieure. Une variation de débit du fluide véhiculé entraîne une variation de la longueur du dispositif et par conséquent modifie les points de frappe et de frotte-ment à l'intérieur du tube.Under the effect of the current in turbulent regime, the spiral is j agitated permanently, it strikes and rubs regularly all the points of the interior wall of the tube while turning, thus creating a repetitive contact with the interior wall. A variation in the flow rate of the conveyed fluid causes a variation in the length of the device and consequently modifies the striking and friction points inside the tube.
L'invention est illustrée par les dessins et les exemples suivants donnés à titre indicatif mais non limitatif.The invention is illustrated by the following drawings and examples given by way of indication but not limitation.
La fig.l représente une portion de plaque dans laquelle s'insèrent les tubes d'échangeur représentés par leur section droite.Fig.l shows a plate portion into which the heat exchanger tubes shown by their cross section are inserted.
La fig.2 représente le schéma du dispositif d'essai en laboratoire en coupe.Fig. 2 shows the diagram of the laboratory test device in section.
La fig.3 représente un schéma d’installation sur un tube d''échangei en coupe.Fig.3 shows an installation diagram on a cross-section of the exchange tube.
SS
• : ·' -*:· ^ 3 « » i Î f j EXEMPLE 1 : Comme on l'a représenté fig. 2 | L'essai est effectué en laboratoire sur un tube en j verre, 1, de diamètre intérieur 15 mm. La spirale, 2, est j constituée d'un fil de 0,5 mm de diamètre en titane pour é- j viter tout danger de corrosion, en service réel. Le pas, 3, 5 du fil est de 30 mm.•: · '- *: · ^ 3 "" i Î f j EXAMPLE 1: As shown in fig. 2 | The test is carried out in the laboratory on a glass tube, 1, with an internal diameter of 15 mm. The spiral, 2, is made of a 0.5 mm diameter titanium wire to avoid any danger of corrosion, in real service. The pitch, 3, 5 of the wire is 30 mm.
i I Le diamètre de la spirale est de 11 mm, elle est ! fixée par une agrafe, 4, à l'extrémité amont du tube.i I The diameter of the spiral is 11 mm, it is! fixed by a clip, 4, to the upstream end of the tube.
Le fluide choisi est de l'eau, pour pouvoir constater en milieu transparent le comportement du ressort étiré.The chosen fluid is water, so that the behavior of the stretched spring can be seen in a transparent medium.
10 elle circule dans le sens indiqué par les flèches.10 it flows in the direction indicated by the arrows.
On a pu ainsi constater qu'à une vitesse d'écoulement de 20 1/minute analogue à celle du brut dans les tubes d'un échangeur déterminé qui s'encrasse régulièrement, le fil métallique est animé d'un mouvement d'agitation perma-15 nent qui le met en contact avec les parois du tube.It was thus possible to observe that at a flow speed of 20 l / minute analogous to that of the crude in the tubes of a determined exchanger which is regularly clogged, the metal wire is animated by a movement of permanent agitation. -15 nent which puts it in contact with the walls of the tube.
EXEMPLE 2EXAMPLE 2
Un essai industriel sur une centaine de tubes, 10, disposés comme dans la fig. 1, de diamètre intérieur 15 mm. est réalisé avec des fils de titane spiralés de diamètre 20 0,5 mm. Le diamètre de la spirale est de 8 mm., et le pas de la spirale de 30 mm. Ces fils sont fixés à une extrémité soit à une agrafe, soit deux par deux par entortillage. Le pétrole brut circule à une vitesse d'écoulement de 0,40 m./sec. environ dans les tubes.An industrial test on a hundred tubes, 10, arranged as in fig. 1, with an internal diameter of 15 mm. is made with spiral titanium wires with a diameter of 0.5 mm. The diameter of the spiral is 8 mm., And the pitch of the spiral is 30 mm. These wires are fixed at one end either to a staple, or two by two by twisting. Crude oil circulates at a flow rate of 0.40 m./sec. approximately in the tubes.
25 Après une durée de fonctionnement de 240 jours i environ, on a retiré quelques tubes équipés de fils spiralé? i : et d'autres tubes non équipés.25 After an operating period of approximately 240 days i, some tubes with spiral wires were removed? i: and other unequipped tubes.
j Après avoir coupé en deux un certain nombre de ces tubes dans le sens de la longueur, on a pu constater que les 30 tubes qui étaient équipés d'une spirale présentaient une ; paroi interne propre alors que les autres tubes étaient επί crassés intérieurement. 1 / 35 ^- ! / /j After having halved a certain number of these tubes lengthwise, it was found that the 30 tubes which were fitted with a spiral had one; clean internal wall while the other tubes were internally dirty. 1/35 ^ -! / /
Il / EXEMPLE 3He / EXAMPLE 3
Un essai industriel sur un échangeur complet à 2 passes de tubes»diamètre intérieur 15 mm., est réalisé avec des fils titane spiralés, diamètre des fils 0,6 mm., diamètre de la spirale 8 mm., pas de la spirale 30 mm. Ces 5 fils sont fixés à l'extrémité côté entrée produit, par une agrafe elle-même en titane. Le pétrole brut circule à une vitesse d'écoulement de 0,40 m/sec. environ dans les tubes. Après une durée de fonctionnement de 140 jours environ, on a comparé la salissure des tubes de cet échangeur 10 avec ceux d'un même échangeur ayant un service identique.An industrial test on a complete exchanger with 2 tube passes »internal diameter 15 mm., Is carried out with spiraled titanium wires, wire diameter 0.6 mm., Diameter of the spiral 8 mm., Pitch of the spiral 30 mm. . These 5 wires are fixed to the end on the product inlet side, by a staple itself made of titanium. Crude oil flows at a flow rate of 0.40 m / sec. approximately in the tubes. After an operating period of approximately 140 days, the soiling of the tubes of this exchanger 10 was compared with those of the same exchanger having an identical service.
Les tubes de l'échangeur non équipé présentaient une salissure interne notable. Une campagne de mesures comparatives de l'évolution des taux de transfert thermique de ces deux échangeurs montre l'avantage du dispositif spiralé.The tubes of the unequipped exchanger showed significant internal soiling. A campaign of comparative measurements of the evolution of the heat transfer rates of these two exchangers shows the advantage of the spiral device.
15 On constate que l'échangeur thermique équipé du dispositif d'autonettoyage conforme à l'invention conserve ses performances thermiques, alors que l'échangeur non équipé présente une diminution progressive de ses performances dûe à l'encrassement progressif.It can be seen that the heat exchanger equipped with the self-cleaning device according to the invention retains its thermal performance, while the unequipped exchanger exhibits a progressive decrease in its performance due to progressive fouling.
20 Le dispositif selon l'invention permet donc de ne pas perdre d'énergie calorifique, et de conserver un taux de transfert thermique maximum et constant dans le temps - Un autre avantage économique tient au fait que le prix de la fourniture et de la pose est du même ordre de grandeur que 25 le prix du nettoyage de l'échangeur, et l'investissement peut être remboursé très rapidement par les économies d'énergie etsuppression des frais de nettoyage.20 The device according to the invention therefore makes it possible not to lose heat energy, and to maintain a maximum and constant rate of heat transfer over time - Another economic advantage is that the price of supply and installation is of the same order of magnitude as the price of cleaning the exchanger, and the investment can be reimbursed very quickly by saving energy and eliminating cleaning costs.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8007856A FR2479964A1 (en) | 1980-04-08 | 1980-04-08 | SELF-CLEANING SYSTEM ON TUBE COIL EXCHANGERS |
FR8007856 | 1980-04-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
LU83284A1 true LU83284A1 (en) | 1981-07-23 |
Family
ID=9240629
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
LU83284A LU83284A1 (en) | 1980-04-08 | 1981-04-07 | SELF-CLEANING SYSTEM ON THE TUBE SIDE EXCHANGERS |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE888308A (en) |
DE (1) | DE8110199U1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES264968Y (en) |
FR (1) | FR2479964A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2073357B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1137667B (en) |
LU (1) | LU83284A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2569829B1 (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1989-06-16 | Raffinage Cie Francaise | METHOD AND MECHANICAL DEVICE FOR IMPROVING THERMAL TRANSFERS AND FOR PREVENTING FOULING OF HEAT EXCHANGERS |
FR2592924B1 (en) * | 1986-01-10 | 1989-10-20 | Total France | DEVICE FOR HOLDING THE END OF A MOBILE ELEMENT IN A POSITION, ROTATING DRIVE IN A TUBE AND APPLICATION TO PREVENTING FOULING AND CLEANING OF THIS TUBE. |
DE19544185C2 (en) * | 1995-11-28 | 1998-08-13 | Renzmann Und Gruenewald Gmbh | Heat exchanger |
FR2820197B1 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2006-01-06 | Elf Antar France | DEVICE REDUCING THE ENCRASSMENT OF A TUBULAR THERMAL EXCHANGER |
CN101210791B (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2010-11-10 | 北京华夏英蓝科技发展有限公司 | Self-cleaning reinforcement heat transfer low flow resistance rotor in heat-transfer pipe |
FR2940152B1 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2011-01-21 | Total Raffinage Marketing | DEVICE FOR REDUCING ENCRASSMENT WITHIN A TUBE |
CN102128560B (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-17 | 北京化工大学 | Twisted belt type pendant in heat exchange pipe |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE389314A (en) * | ||||
US3409470A (en) * | 1966-06-27 | 1968-11-05 | Dow Chemical Co | Cyclic water hammer method |
JPS5535912A (en) * | 1978-09-06 | 1980-03-13 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals | Pipe inside scratchinggoff device |
-
1980
- 1980-04-08 FR FR8007856A patent/FR2479964A1/en active Granted
-
1981
- 1981-04-03 DE DE19818110199U patent/DE8110199U1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-06 GB GB8110658A patent/GB2073357B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-06 ES ES1981264968U patent/ES264968Y/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-07 BE BE0/204394A patent/BE888308A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-04-07 LU LU83284A patent/LU83284A1/en unknown
- 1981-04-08 IT IT20981/81A patent/IT1137667B/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2479964B1 (en) | 1982-05-14 |
GB2073357A (en) | 1981-10-14 |
IT1137667B (en) | 1986-09-10 |
BE888308A (en) | 1981-07-31 |
GB2073357B (en) | 1984-06-06 |
ES264968U (en) | 1983-01-01 |
DE8110199U1 (en) | 1981-10-15 |
ES264968Y (en) | 1983-07-01 |
IT8120981A0 (en) | 1981-04-08 |
FR2479964A1 (en) | 1981-10-09 |
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