LU500294B1 - Underwater sound velocity measuring apparatus and method for operating same - Google Patents
Underwater sound velocity measuring apparatus and method for operating same Download PDFInfo
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- LU500294B1 LU500294B1 LU500294A LU500294A LU500294B1 LU 500294 B1 LU500294 B1 LU 500294B1 LU 500294 A LU500294 A LU 500294A LU 500294 A LU500294 A LU 500294A LU 500294 B1 LU500294 B1 LU 500294B1
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- sound velocity
- pipe
- salinity
- indicator
- hydrophone
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H5/00—Measuring propagation velocity of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. of pressure waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The present disclosure provides an apparatus and a method for measuring underwater sound velocity. The apparatus includes a sound velocity measuring device, a booster pump and a control device. The sound velocity measuring device includes a sound velocity measuring container, a sonic-wave transmitting transducer connected to the sound velocity measuring container, a hydrophone, a temperature controller, a salinity indicator and a laser ranging device. The control device is connected to the sonic-wave transmitting transducer, the hydrophone, the temperature controller, the salinity indicator and the laser ranging device. The apparatus can simulate the sound velocity measurement at different water depths, temperatures, and salinities in the ocean, so that the error in the indirect measurement of sound velocity can be corrected, allowing for an improved measurement accuracy.
Description
DESCRIPTION HU500294
TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure relates to marine science, and more particularly to an underwater sound velocity measuring apparatus and a method for operating the same.
BACKGROUND Underwater sound velocity, as the most basic parameter for hydroacoustic research and marine engineering, is an important physical parameter reflecting the properties of seawater medium. Underwater sound velocity refers to the propagation speed of sound wave in water. Signals (such as optical signals and electromagnetic signals) other than sound signals experience serious attenuation during the propagation in the seawater media. Currently, sound wave is considered as the only energy signal that can be transmitted over a long distance in the ocean. Due to the uneven distribution of temperature and salinity in seawater medium, there are great differences in sound velocity at different regions and depths of the ocean. Considering that the underwater sound velocity can provide correction information for fish finder and echo sounder to reduce the measurement error, and can also provide important basic information for the underwater positioning, it is of great significance to accurately measure the underwater sound velocity.
At present, the underwater sound velocity is mainly measured by a direct method or an indirect method. With regard to the direct measurement, a transmitting-receiving transducer is usually used at a fixed distance to measure the sound velocity, and a pressure sensor and a temperature compensation device are used for the water depth measurement. The sound velocity is obtained by measuring the time interval of the sound pulse traveling within a certain distance, and the sonar instrument for the direct measurement of sound velocity is called "sound velocimeter". As for the indirect measurement, the sound velocity is mainly affected by temperature (T), salinity (C)
and pressure (D), and there are complex functional relationships between sound 500294 velocity and these parameters. In view of this, several empirical formulas are proposed through extensive explorations. In this method, the temperature, salinity, and depth of seawater are instrumentally measured, and then converted into sound velocity according to relevant empirical formulas, realizing the indirect sound velocity measurement.
However, the distribution of sound velocity in the ocean varies with region and season, and even the sound velocities measured in the same region at different weeks and days are different. At the same time, temperature, salinity, and pressure vary with depth, so the underwater sound velocity will also change at different depths. However, it is difficult to measure sound velocity at different depths in the deep sea. At present, there are many empirical formulas, but the sound velocity obtained from different empirical formulas varies greatly. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a measuring device which can simulate the underwater environment by controlling the underwater pressure, temperature and salinity to determine the sound velocity at different depths.
Currently, a conductivity-temperature-depth measuring system is commonly used in the indirect measurement of underwater sound velocity in the ocean to obtain the information of temperature, salinity, and pressure, where the salinity is obtained through measuring conductivity. The commonly used conductivity-temperature-depth meter is CTD, which is mainly composed of an underwater probe, a recording display, and a connection cable. The underwater probe composed of a thermal element and a pressure-sensitive element is arranged together with a reversing water sampler on the bracket, which can be placed to different depths for temperature, salinity, depth, and other information collection and water sample collection. The recording display is arranged in the cabin, which can receive, process, record, and display the information data from the underwater probe through the armored cable, and manipulate the whole equipment. The connection cable can link the underwater probe with the recording display for data transmission. There is also a throw-type conductivity-temperature-depth meter called XBT, which has a similar structure to CTD, except that the probe and the recording display of XBT are connected by a thin signal transmission line, rather than an armored cable., The information measured by HU500294 the probe is transmitted to the receiving system through the wire, and the detected water layer is determined according to the sinking time.
Unfortunately, the prior art still has the following deficiencies.
1. When the sound velocity meter is adopted for the direct measurement of sound velocity in a deep water area, although the measurement has high accuracy, it is inconvenient to recycle the instrument and hard to implement the measurement, especially during the sailing. In addition, the equipment is expensive and low-efficiency, and can only obtain single parameter, and thus it is not suitable for the measurement in the large-area sound velocity field.
2. In the direct measurement of sound velocity by using a conductivity-temperature-depth meter, it needs to perform conversion according to the empirical formula to obtain the sound velocity, but empirical formulas are different at different regions, and there are great differences between the conversion results from the empirical formula and the actual sound velocity, which cannot meet the requirements for some scientific research and engineering.
3. Currently, the sound velocity measurement in the deepwater area generally requires a relatively long signal cable, resulting in inconvenient recycling and difficult operations, especially when large sea current or surge occurs. It is difficult to measure the sound velocity of a determined water layer when using a throw-type conductivity-temperature-depth meter, and there are also some problems such as wire wear and probe collision, rendering the obtained data incorrect.
SUMMARY An object of this disclosure is to provide an apparatus for measuring underwater sound velocity and an operation method thereof to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art. The apparatus provided herein can simulate the sound velocity measurement under different water depths, temperatures, and salinities in the ocean, so that the error of the indirect measurement of the underwater sound velocity can be corrected, allowing for an improved measurement accuracy compared to CTD and other existing instruments. 17000896 Technical solutions of this disclosure are described as follows.
In a first aspect, this disclosure provides an apparatus for measuring underwater sound velocity, comprising: a sound velocity measuring device; a booster pump; and a control device; wherein the sound velocity measuring device comprises a sound velocity measuring container, a sonic-wave transmitting transducer, a hydrophone, a temperature controller, a salinity indicator and a laser ranging device; the sonic-wave transmitting transducer, the hydrophone, the temperature controller, the salinity indicator and the laser ranging device are all connected to the sound velocity measuring container, and the control device is connected to the sonic-wave transmitting transducer, the hydrophone, the temperature controller, the salinity indicator and the laser ranging device.
In some embodiments, the sound velocity measuring container is made of a transparent acrylic material; an inverted T-shaped pipe is provided inside the sound velocity measuring container; the inverted T-shaped pipe comprises a horizontal pipe and a vertical pipe; a bottom of the vertical pipe is in communication with a middle of a top surface of the horizontal pipe; a top of the vertical pipe is detachably connected to a pipe connector; the pipe connector is detachably connected to a booster hose, and is connected to the booster pump through the booster hose; two ends of the horizontal pipe are respectively connected to the sonic-wave transmitting transducer and the hydrophone; the laser ranging device is fixedly provided on a side of the sonic-wave transmitting transducer; and the temperature controller and the salinity indicator are fixedly provided on a side wall of the vertical pipe.
In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a first pressure indicator and a second pressure indicator; the first pressure indicator and the second pressure indicator are arranged on the booster hose; the first pressure indicator is provided adjacent to the booster pump; the second pressure indicator is provided adjacent to the pipe connector; and the control device is connected to the first pressure indicator and 500294 the second pressure indicator.
In some embodiments, the control device comprises a display and a plurality of control buttons.
In a second object, this disclosure provides a method for measuring underwater sound velocity using the above apparatus, comprising: (S1) disassembling the pipe connector from the top of the vertical pipe; and injecting a fluid sample into the inverted T-shaped pipe, where a liquid level of the fluid sample is higher than the temperature controller and the salinity indicator; (S2) sealedly arranging the pipe connector on the top of the vertical pipe; connecting the top of the vertical pipe to the booster hose and the booster pump in sequence through the pipe connector; starting the control device to receive and display a salinity of the fluid sample measured by the salinity indicator; and if the salinity does not satisfy an experimental salinity condition, disassembling the pipe connector from the top of the vertical pipe and feeding freshwater or saline water until the salinity satisfies the experimental salinity condition, and sealedly arranging the pipe connector on the top of the vertical pipe and connecting the top of the vertical pipe to the booster hose and the booster pump in sequence through the pipe connector; (S3) starting the booster pump; monitoring a pressure and temperature in the inverted T-shaped pipe through the control device; and adjusting the temperature and the pressure in the inverted T-shaped pipe by adjusting the temperature controller and increasing or releasing pressure to satisfy experimental temperature and pressure conditions; (S4) measuring in real time and rectifying, by the laser ranging device, a distance L between the sonic-wave transmitting transducer and the hydrophone; (SS) starting the hydrophone to make sure that the hydrophone is working normally; starting the sonic-wave transmitting transducer to emit sound waves; recording a time when the sound waves are emitted by the sonic-wave transmitting transducer and a time when the sound waves are collected by the hydrophone; and calculating in real time a time difference T between the time when the sound waves are emitted by the sonic-wave transmitting transducer and the time when the sound 17000896 waves are collected by the hydrophone; (S6) releasing the pressure in the inverted T-shaped pipe; and discharging the fluid sample until the temperature in the inverted T-shaped pipe is lowered to a preset temperature; and (S7) calculating and displaying, by the control device, a sound velocity (V) of the fluid sample according to formula (1): V=L/T (1).
In some embodiments, the fluid sample 1s a water sample collected from a target area, or a simulated water sample with different salinity and pH.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: changing the pressure, temperature, and salinity in the inverted T-shaped pipe to display the sound velocity of the fluid sample under different states in real time.
Based on the above-mentioned technical solutions, this disclosure has the following beneficial effects.
1. The apparatus of this disclosure can simulate the measurement of the underwater sound velocity under different conditions in the laboratory.
2. The results obtained by the apparatus provided herein can be validated with the sound velocity data measured by conductivity-temperature-depth meters such as CTD, which reduces the conversion error from the empirical formula.
3. It can reduce the docking time of vessels during the sea survey, and does not have difficulty in the data collection.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an underwater sound velocity measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS To make the functions and features of the present disclosure clearer, the disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying 17000896 drawings and embodiments.
Referring to Fig. 1, provided herein is an apparatus for measuring underwater sound velocity, which includes a sound velocity measuring device 1, a booster pump 2 and a control device 3. The sound velocity measuring device 1 includes a sound velocity measuring container 11, a sonic-wave transmitting transducer 12, a hydrophone 13, a temperature controller 14, a salinity indicator 15 and a laser ranging device 16. The sonic-wave transmitting transducer 12, the hydrophone 13, the temperature controller 14, the salinity indicator 15 and the laser ranging device 16 are all connected to the sound velocity measuring container 11. The control device 3 1s connected to the sonic-wave transmitting transducer 12, the hydrophone 13, the temperature controller 14, the salinity indicator 15 and the laser ranging device 16.
The sound velocity measuring container 11 is made of a transparent acrylic material, and an inverted T-shaped pipe 111 is provided inside the sound velocity measuring container 11. The inverted T-shaped pipe 111 includes a horizontal pipe and a vertical pipe. À bottom of the vertical pipe 1s in communication with a middle of a top surface of the horizontal pipe. À top of the vertical pipe is detachably connected to a pipe connector 4, which is detachably connected to a booster hose 5, and connected to the booster pump 2 through the booster hose 5. Two ends of the horizontal pipe are respectively connected to the sonic-wave transmitting transducer 12 and the hydrophone 13. The laser ranging device 16 is fixedly provided on a side of the sonic-wave transmitting transducer 12, and the temperature controller 14 and the salinity indicator 15 are fixedly provided on a side wall of the vertical pipe.
The apparatus further includes a first pressure indicator 6 and a second pressure indicator 7, which are arranged on the booster hose 5. The first pressure indicator 6 is provided adjacent to the booster pump 2. The second pressure indicator 7 is provided adjacent to the pipe connector 4. The control device 3 is connected to the first pressure indicator 6 and the second pressure indicator 7.
The control device 3 includes a display 31 and several control buttons 32.
Provided herein is an operation method of the above-mentioned apparatus, which is specifically described as follows. 500294 (S1) The pipe connector 4 is disassembled from the top of the vertical pipe, and a fluid sample is injected into the inverted T-shaped pipe 111, where a liquid level of the fluid sample is higher than the temperature controller and the salinity indicator.
(S2) The pipe connector 4 is sealedly arranged on the top of the vertical pipe, and the top of the vertical pipe is connected to the booster hose 5 and the booster pump 2 in sequence through the pipe connector 4. The control device 3 is turned on to receive and display the salinity of the fluid sample measured by the salinity indicator 15. If the salinity does not meet the experimental salinity condition, the pipe connector 4 is disassembled, and freshwater or saline water is injected through the top of the vertical pipe to adjust the salinity until it meets the experimental condition. Then the pipe connector 4 is sealedly arranged on the top of the vertical pipe, and the top of the vertical pipe is connected to the booster hose 5 and the booster pump 2 in sequence through the pipe connector 4.
(S3) The booster pump 2 is turned on, and the pressure and temperature in the inverted T-shaped pipe 111 are monitored through the control device 3 and are adjusted by the temperature controller. The temperature and the pressure in the inverted T-shaped pipe 111 are adjusted by adjusting the temperature controller 14 and increasing or releasing pressure to satisfy experimental temperature and pressure conditions.
In an embodiment, the pressure in the inverted T-shaped pipe 111 can be measured by the second pressure indicator 7.
(S4) The distance L between the sonic-wave transmitting transducer 12 and the hydrophone 13 are measured in real time and rectified through the laser ranging device 16.
(S5) The hydrophone 13 is started to confirm that the hydrophone 13 is working normally, and then the sonic-wave transmitting transducer 12 is stared to emit sound waves. The time when the sound waves are emitted by the sonic-wave transmitting transducer 12 and the time when the sound waves are collected by the hydrophone 13 are recorded, and a time difference is calculated in real time.
(S6) The pressure in the inverted T-shaped pipe 111 is released, and the fluid 17000896 sample is discharged until the temperature is lowered to a preset temperature.
(S7) The sound velocity (V) of the fluid sample is calculated according to the formula (1) below and displayed by the control device 3: V=L/T (1).
In an embodiment, the fluid sample is a water sample collected from a target area, or a simulated water sample with different salinity and pH.
In an embodiment, the pressure, temperature and salinity in the inverted T-shaped pipe 111 are changed to display the sound velocity of the fluid sample under different states in real time.
Though the disclosure has been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make some variations based on the embodiments mentioned above. It should be understood that any modifications and replacements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the disclosure should fall within the scope of the disclosure defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. An apparatus for measuring underwater sound velocity, comprising: a sound velocity measuring device; a booster pump; and a control device; wherein the sound velocity measuring device comprises a sound velocity measuring container, a sonic-wave transmitting transducer, a hydrophone, a temperature controller, a salinity indicator and a laser ranging device; the sonic-wave transmitting transducer, the hydrophone, the temperature controller, the salinity indicator and the laser ranging device are all connected to the sound velocity measuring container, and the control device is connected to the sonic-wave transmitting transducer, the hydrophone, the temperature controller, the salinity indicator and the laser ranging device.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the sound velocity measuring container is made of a transparent acrylic material; an inverted T-shaped pipe is provided inside the sound velocity measuring container; the inverted T-shaped pipe comprises a horizontal pipe and a vertical pipe; a bottom of the vertical pipe is in communication with a middle of a top surface of the horizontal pipe; a top of the vertical pipe is detachably connected to a pipe connector; the pipe connector is detachably connected to a booster hose, and is connected to the booster pump through the booster hose; two ends of the horizontal pipe are respectively connected to the sonic-wave transmitting transducer and the hydrophone; the laser ranging device is fixedly provided on a side of the sonic-wave transmitting transducer; and the temperature controller and the salinity indicator are fixedly on a side wall of the vertical pipe.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising: a first pressure indicator; and a second pressure indicator; 500294 the first pressure indicator and the second pressure indicator are arranged on the booster hose; the first pressure indicator is provided adjacent to the booster pump; the second pressure indicator is provided adjacent to the pipe connector; and the control device is connected to the first pressure indicator and the second pressure indicator.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the control device comprises a display and a plurality of control buttons.
5. A method for measuring underwater sound velocity using the apparatus according to claim 4, comprising: (S1) disassembling the pipe connector from the top of the vertical pipe; and injecting a fluid sample into the inverted T-shaped pipe, where a liquid level of the fluid sample is higher than the temperature controller and the salinity indicator; (S2) sealedly arranging the pipe connector on the top of the vertical pipe; connecting the top of the vertical pipe to the booster hose and the booster pump in sequence through the pipe connector; starting the control device to receive and display a salinity of the fluid sample measured by the salinity indicator; and if the salinity does not satisfy an experimental salinity condition, disassembling the pipe connector from the top of the vertical pipe and feeding freshwater or saline water until the salinity satisfies the experimental salinity condition, and sealedly arranging the pipe connector on the top of the vertical pipe and connecting the top of the vertical pipe to the booster hose and the booster pump in sequence through the pipe connector; (S3) starting the booster pump; monitoring a pressure and temperature in the inverted T-shaped pipe through the control device; and adjusting the temperature and the pressure in the inverted T-shaped pipe by adjusting the temperature controller and increasing or releasing pressure to satisfy experimental temperature and pressure conditions; (S4) measuring in real-time and rectifying, by the laser ranging device, a distance L between the sonic-wave transmitting transducer and the hydrophone;
(S5) starting the hydrophone to confirm that the hydrophone is working normally; 500294 starting the sonic-wave transmitting transducer to emit sound waves, recording a time when the sound waves are emitted by the sonic-wave transmitting transducer and a time when the sound waves are collected by the hydrophone; and calculating in real time a time difference T between the time when the sound waves are emitted by the sonic-wave transmitting transducer and the time when the sound waves are collected by the hydrophone; (S6) releasing the pressure in the inverted T-shaped pipe; and discharging the fluid sample until the temperature in the inverted T-shaped pipe is lowered to a preset temperature; and (S7) calculating and displaying, by the control device, a sound velocity (V) of the fluid sample according to formula (1): V=L/T (1).
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the fluid sample is a water sample collected from a target area, or a simulated water sample with different salinity and pH.
7. The method according to claim 5, further comprising: changing the pressure, temperature, and salinity in the inverted T-shaped pipe to display the sound velocity of the fluid sample under different states in real time.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110370510.8A CN113091878A (en) | 2021-04-07 | 2021-04-07 | Device for underwater sound velocity measurement and using method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| LU500294B1 true LU500294B1 (en) | 2021-12-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU500294A LU500294B1 (en) | 2021-04-07 | 2021-06-17 | Underwater sound velocity measuring apparatus and method for operating same |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113091878A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2021103469A4 (en) |
| LU (1) | LU500294B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114414028B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-11-24 | 重庆医科大学 | Device and method for measuring sound velocity of medium in sound waveguide tube based on sub-wavelength scale |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2503470Y (en) * | 2001-11-19 | 2002-07-31 | 国家海洋局海洋技术研究所 | Sea water sound velocimeter |
| CN102175301B (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2013-01-02 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Device and method for accurately measuring propagation velocity of wave under different stress conditions |
| CN103983339A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-08-13 | 黄河科技学院 | Experimental device for measuring liquid sound velocities under different temperatures |
| CN104614441A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-05-13 | 中国人民解放军92859部队 | Sound velocity measuring system based on seafloor sediments |
| CN205562022U (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-09-07 | 刘艳峰 | Velocity of sound measuring device |
| CN106018550B (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2019-01-22 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of acoustic characteristic measuring device and method |
| CN109425328A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-05 | 天津大学（青岛）海洋工程研究院有限公司 | A kind of miniature self-service ship design measuring vertical section temperature, salinity, the velocity of sound |
| CN207717216U (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-08-10 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of long-range measurement experiment device of the velocity of sound |
| CN111912512A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-10 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Sound velocity measuring device |
-
2021
- 2021-04-07 CN CN202110370510.8A patent/CN113091878A/en active Pending
- 2021-06-17 LU LU500294A patent/LU500294B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2021-06-18 AU AU2021103469A patent/AU2021103469A4/en not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| AU2021103469A4 (en) | 2021-08-05 |
| CN113091878A (en) | 2021-07-09 |
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Effective date: 20211217 |