AU2021103469A4 - Underwater sound velocity measuring apparatus and measuring method using same - Google Patents

Underwater sound velocity measuring apparatus and measuring method using same Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2021103469A4
AU2021103469A4 AU2021103469A AU2021103469A AU2021103469A4 AU 2021103469 A4 AU2021103469 A4 AU 2021103469A4 AU 2021103469 A AU2021103469 A AU 2021103469A AU 2021103469 A AU2021103469 A AU 2021103469A AU 2021103469 A4 AU2021103469 A4 AU 2021103469A4
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sound velocity
pipe
salinity
indicator
hydrophone
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AU2021103469A
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Jianfeng TONG
Jin Zhang
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Shanghai Ocean University
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Shanghai Ocean University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H5/00Measuring propagation velocity of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. of pressure waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an apparatus and a method for measuring underwater sound velocity. The apparatus includes a sound velocity measuring device, a booster pump 5 and a control device. The sound velocity measuring device includes a sound velocity measuring container, a sonic-wave transmitting transducer connected to the sound velocity measuring container, a hydrophone, a temperature controller, a salinity indicator and a laser ranging device. The control device is connected to the sonic-wave transmitting transducer, the hydrophone, the temperature controller, the salinity indicator and the laser ranging device. 0 The apparatus can simulate the sound velocity measurement at different water depths, temperatures, and salinities in the ocean, so that the error in the indirect measurement of sound velocity can be corrected, allowing for an improved measurement accuracy. 1/1 7 5 6 4 2 14 15 16 13 12 FIG. 1 17794409_1 (GHMattes) P116545.AU

Description

1/1 7
5
6 4 2 15 14
16 13 12
FIG. 1
17794409_1 (GHMattes) P116545.AU
UNDERWATER SOUND VELOCITY MEASURING APPARATUS AND MEASURING METHOD USING SAME TECHNICAL FIELD
This disclosure relates to marine science, and more particularly to an underwater sound
velocity measuring apparatus and a measuring method using the same.
BACKGROUND
Underwater sound velocity, as the most basic parameter for hydroacoustic research and
marine engineering, is an important physical parameter reflecting the properties of seawater
medium. Underwater sound velocity refers to the propagation speed of sound wave in water.
Signals (such as optical signals and electromagnetic signals) other than sound signals
experience serious attenuation during the propagation in the seawater media. Currently, sound
wave is considered as the only energy signal that can be transmitted over a long distance in
the ocean. Due to the uneven distribution of temperature and salinity in seawater medium,
there are great differences in sound velocity at different regions and depths of the ocean.
Considering that the underwater sound velocity can provide correction information for fish
finder and echo sounder to reduce the measurement error, and can also provide important
basic information for the underwater positioning, it is of great significance to accurately
measure the underwater sound velocity.
At present, the underwater sound velocity is mainly measured by a direct method or an
indirect method. With regard to the direct measurement, a transmitting-receiving transducer is
usually used at a fixed distance to measure the sound velocity, and a pressure sensor and a
temperature compensation device are used for the water depth measurement. The sound
velocity is obtained by measuring the time interval of the sound pulse traveling within a
certain distance, and the sonar instrument for the direct measurement of sound velocity is
called "sound velocimeter". As for the indirect measurement, the sound velocity is mainly
affected by temperature (T), salinity (C) and pressure (D), and there are complex functional relationships between sound velocity and these parameters. In view of this, several empirical formulas are proposed through extensive explorations. In this method, the temperature, salinity, and depth of seawater are instrumentally measured, and then converted into sound velocity according to relevant empirical formulas, realizing the indirect sound velocity measurement.
However, the distribution of sound velocity in the ocean varies with region and season,
and even the sound velocities measured in the same region at different weeks and days are
different. At the same time, temperature, salinity, and pressure vary with depth, so the
underwater sound velocity will also change at different depths. However, it is difficult to
measure sound velocity at different depths in the deep sea. At present, there are many
empirical formulas, but the sound velocity obtained from different empirical formulas varies
greatly. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a measuring device which can simulate the
underwater environment by controlling the underwater pressure, temperature and salinity to
determine the sound velocity at different depths.
Currently, a conductivity-temperature-depth measuring system is commonly used in the
indirect measurement of underwater sound velocity in the ocean to obtain the information of
temperature, salinity, and pressure, where the salinity is obtained through measuring
conductivity. The commonly used conductivity-temperature-depth meter is CTD, which is
mainly composed of an underwater probe, a recording display, and a connection cable. The
underwater probe composed of a thermal element and a pressure-sensitive element is arranged
together with a reversing water sampler on the bracket, which can be placed to different
depths for temperature, salinity, depth, and other information collection and water sample
collection. The recording display is arranged in the cabin, which can receive, process, record,
and display the information data from the underwater probe through the armored cable, and
manipulate the whole equipment. The connection cable can link the underwater probe with
the recording display for data transmission. There is also a throw-type
conductivity-temperature-depth meter called XBT, which has a similar structure to CTD,
except that the probe and the recording display of XBT are connected by a thin signal transmission line, rather than an armored cable., The information measured by the probe is transmitted to the receiving system through the wire, and the detected water layer is determined according to the sinking time. Unfortunately, the prior art still has the following deficiencies. 1. When the sound velocity meter is adopted for the direct measurement of sound velocity in a deep water area, although the measurement has high accuracy, it is inconvenient to recycle the instrument and hard to implement the measurement, especially during the sailing. In addition, the equipment is expensive and low-efficiency, and can only obtain single parameter, and thus it is not suitable for the measurement in the large-area sound velocity field. 2. In the direct measurement of sound velocity by using a conductivity-temperature-depth meter, it needs to perform conversion according to the empirical formula to obtain the sound velocity, but empirical formulas are different at different regions, and there are great differences between the conversion results from the empirical formula and the actual sound velocity, which cannot meet the requirements for some scientific research and engineering. 3. Currently, the sound velocity measurement in the deepwater area generally requires a relatively long signal cable, resulting in inconvenient recycling and difficult operations, especially when large sea current or surge occurs. It is difficult to measure the sound velocity of a determined water layer when using a throw-type conductivity-temperature-depth meter, and there are also some problems such as wire wear and probe collision, rendering the obtained data incorrect.
SUMMARY An object of this disclosure is to provide an apparatus for measuring underwater sound velocity and an operation method thereof to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art. The apparatus provided herein can simulate the sound velocity measurement under different water depths, temperatures, and salinities in the ocean, so that the error of the indirect measurement of the underwater sound velocity can be corrected, allowing for an improved measurement accuracy compared to CTD and other existing instruments.
Technical solutions of this disclosure are described as follows.
In a first aspect, this disclosure provides an apparatus for measuring underwater sound
velocity, comprising:
a sound velocity measuring device;
a booster pump; and
a control device;
wherein the sound velocity measuring device comprises a sound velocity measuring
container, a sonic-wave transmitting transducer, a hydrophone, a temperature controller, a
salinity indicator and a laser ranging device; the sonic-wave transmitting transducer, the
hydrophone, the temperature controller, the salinity indicator and the laser ranging device are
all connected to the sound velocity measuring container; and the control device is connected
to the sonic-wave transmitting transducer, the hydrophone, the temperature controller, the
salinity indicator and the laser ranging device.
In some embodiments, the sound velocity measuring container is made of a transparent
acrylic material; an inverted T-shaped pipe is provided inside the sound velocity measuring
container; the inverted T-shaped pipe comprises a horizontal pipe and a vertical pipe; a bottom
of the vertical pipe is in communication with a middle of a top surface of the horizontal pipe;
a top of the vertical pipe is detachably connected to a pipe connector; the pipe connector is
detachably connected to a booster hose, and is connected to the booster pump through the
booster hose; two ends of the horizontal pipe are respectively connected to the sonic-wave
transmitting transducer and the hydrophone; the laser ranging device is fixedly provided on a
side of the sonic-wave transmitting transducer; and the temperature controller and the salinity
indicator are fixedly provided on a side wall of the vertical pipe.
In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a first pressure indicator and a
second pressure indicator; the first pressure indicator and the second pressure indicator are
arranged on the booster hose; the first pressure indicator is provided adjacent to the booster pump; the second pressure indicator is provided adjacent to the pipe connector; and the control device is connected to the first pressure indicator and the second pressure indicator.
In some embodiments, the control device comprises a display and a plurality of control
buttons.
In a second object, this disclosure provides a method for measuring underwater sound
velocity using the above apparatus, comprising:
(SI) disassembling the pipe connector from the top of the vertical pipe; and injecting a
fluid sample into the inverted T-shaped pipe, where a liquid level of the fluid sample is higher
than the temperature controller and the salinity indicator;
(S2) sealedly arranging the pipe connector on the top of the vertical pipe; connecting the
top of the vertical pipe to the booster hose and the booster pump in sequence through the pipe
connector; starting the control device to receive and display a salinity of the fluid sample
measured by the salinity indicator; and if the salinity does not satisfy an experimental salinity
condition, disassembling the pipe connector from the top of the vertical pipe and feeding
freshwater or saline water until the salinity satisfies the experimental salinity condition, and
sealedly arranging the pipe connector on the top of the vertical pipe and connecting the top of
the vertical pipe to the booster hose and the booster pump in sequence through the pipe
connector;
(S3) starting the booster pump; monitoring a pressure and temperature in the inverted
T-shaped pipe through the control device; and adjusting the temperature and the pressure in
the inverted T-shaped pipe by adjusting the temperature controller and increasing or releasing
pressure to satisfy experimental temperature and pressure conditions;
(S4) measuring in real time and rectifying, by the laser ranging device, a distance L
between the sonic-wave transmitting transducer and the hydrophone;
(S5) starting the hydrophone to make sure that the hydrophone is working normally;
starting the sonic-wave transmitting transducer to emit sound waves; recording a time when
the sound waves are emitted by the sonic-wave transmitting transducer and a time when the
sound waves are collected by the hydrophone; and calculating in real time a time difference T between the time when the sound waves are emitted by the sonic-wave transmitting transducer and the time when the sound waves are collected by the hydrophone; (S6) releasing the pressure in the inverted T-shaped pipe; and discharging the fluid sample until the temperature in the inverted T-shaped pipe is lowered to a preset temperature; and
(S7) calculating and displaying, by the control device, a sound velocity (V) of the fluid sample according to formula (1): V=L/T (1). In some embodiments, the fluid sample is a water sample collected from a target area, or a simulated water sample with different salinity and pH. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: changing the pressure, temperature, and salinity in the inverted T-shaped pipe to display the sound velocity of the fluid sample under different states in real time. Based on the above-mentioned technical solutions, this disclosure has the following beneficial effects. 1. The apparatus of this disclosure can simulate the measurement of the underwater sound velocity under different conditions in the laboratory. 2. The results obtained by the apparatus provided herein can be validated with the sound velocity data measured by conductivity-temperature-depth meters such as CTD, which reduces the conversion error from the empirical formula. 3. It can reduce the docking time of vessels during the sea survey, and does not have difficulty in the data collection.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an underwater sound velocity measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
To make the functions and features of the present disclosure clearer, the disclosure will
be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Referring to Fig. 1, provided herein is an apparatus for measuring underwater sound
velocity, which includes a sound velocity measuring device 1, a booster pump 2 and a control
device 3. The sound velocity measuring device 1 includes a sound velocity measuring
container 11, a sonic-wave transmitting transducer 12, a hydrophone 13, a temperature
controller 14, a salinity indicator 15 and a laser ranging device 16. The sonic-wave
transmitting transducer 12, the hydrophone 13, the temperature controller 14, the salinity
indicator 15 and the laser ranging device 16 are all connected to the sound velocity measuring
container 11. The control device 3 is connected to the sonic-wave transmitting transducer 12,
the hydrophone 13, the temperature controller 14, the salinity indicator 15 and the laser
ranging device 16.
The sound velocity measuring container 11 is made of a transparent acrylic material, and
an inverted T-shaped pipe 111 is provided inside the sound velocity measuring container 11.
The inverted T-shaped pipe 111 includes a horizontal pipe and a vertical pipe. A bottom of the
vertical pipe is in communication with a middle of a top surface of the horizontal pipe. A top
of the vertical pipe is detachably connected to a pipe connector 4, which is detachably
connected to a booster hose 5, and connected to the booster pump 2 through the booster hose
5. Two ends of the horizontal pipe are respectively connected to the sonic-wave transmitting
transducer 12 and the hydrophone 13. The laser ranging device 16 is fixedly provided on a
side of the sonic-wave transmitting transducer 12, and the temperature controller 14 and the
salinity indicator 15 are fixedly provided on a side wall of the vertical pipe.
The apparatus further includes a first pressure indicator 6 and a second pressure indicator
7, which are arranged on the booster hose 5. The first pressure indicator 6 is provided adjacent
to the booster pump 2. The second pressure indicator 7 is provided adjacent to the pipe
connector 4. The control device 3 is connected to the first pressure indicator 6 and the second
pressure indicator 7.
The control device 3 includes a display 31 and several control buttons 32. Provided herein is an operation method of the above-mentioned apparatus, which is specifically described as follows. (Si) The pipe connector 4 is disassembled from the top of the vertical pipe, and a fluid sample is injected into the inverted T-shaped pipe 111, where a liquid level of the fluid sample is higher than the temperature controller and the salinity indicator. (S2) The pipe connector 4 is sealedly arranged on the top of the vertical pipe, and the top of the vertical pipe is connected to the booster hose 5 and the booster pump 2 in sequence through the pipe connector 4. The control device 3 is turned on to receive and display the salinity of the fluid sample measured by the salinity indicator 15. If the salinity does not meet the experimental salinity condition, the pipe connector 4 is disassembled, and freshwater or saline water is injected through the top of the vertical pipe to adjust the salinity until it meets the experimental condition. Then the pipe connector 4 is sealedly arranged on the top of the vertical pipe, and the top of the vertical pipe is connected to the booster hose 5 and the booster pump 2 in sequence through the pipe connector 4. (S3) The booster pump 2 is turned on, and the pressure and temperature in the inverted T-shaped pipe 111 are monitored through the control device 3 and are adjusted by the temperature controller. The temperature and the pressure in the inverted T-shaped pipe 111 are adjusted by adjusting the temperature controller 14 and increasing or releasing pressure to satisfy experimental temperature and pressure conditions. In an embodiment, the pressure in the inverted T-shaped pipe 111 can be measured by the second pressure indicator 7. (S4) The distance L between the sonic-wave transmitting transducer 12 and the hydrophone 13 are measured in real time and rectified through the laser ranging device 16. (S5) The hydrophone 13 is started to confirm that the hydrophone 13 is working normally, and then the sonic-wave transmitting transducer 12 is stared to emit sound waves. The time when the sound waves are emitted by the sonic-wave transmitting transducer 12 and the time when the sound waves are collected by the hydrophone 13 are recorded, and a time difference is calculated in real time. (S6) The pressure in the inverted T-shaped pipe 111 is released, and the fluid sample is discharged until the temperature is lowered to a preset temperature. (S7) The sound velocity (V) of the fluid sample is calculated according to the formula (1) below and displayed by the control device 3: V=L/T (1). In an embodiment, the fluid sample is a water sample collected from a target area, or a simulated water sample with different salinity and pH. In an embodiment, the pressure, temperature and salinity in the inverted T-shaped pipe 111 are changed to display the sound velocity of the fluid sample under different states in real time. Though the disclosure has been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make some variations based on the embodiments mentioned above. It should be understood that any modifications and replacements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the disclosure should fall within the scope of the disclosure defined by the appended claims. It is to be understood that, if any prior art publication is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms a part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia or any other country. In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. An apparatus for measuring underwater sound velocity, comprising:
a sound velocity measuring device;
a booster pump; and
a control device;
wherein the sound velocity measuring device comprises a sound velocity measuring
container, a sonic-wave transmitting transducer, a hydrophone, a temperature controller, a
salinity indicator and a laser ranging device; the sonic-wave transmitting transducer, the
hydrophone, the temperature controller, the salinity indicator and the laser ranging device are
all connected to the sound velocity measuring container; and the control device is connected
to the sonic-wave transmitting transducer, the hydrophone, the temperature controller, the
salinity indicator and the laser ranging device.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the sound velocity measuring
container is made of a transparent acrylic material; an inverted T-shaped pipe is provided
inside the sound velocity measuring container; the inverted T-shaped pipe comprises a
horizontal pipe and a vertical pipe; a bottom of the vertical pipe is in communication with a
middle of a top surface of the horizontal pipe; a top of the vertical pipe is detachably
connected to a pipe connector; the pipe connector is detachably connected to a booster hose,
and is connected to the booster pump through the booster hose; two ends of the horizontal
pipe are respectively connected to the sonic-wave transmitting transducer and the hydrophone;
the laser ranging device is fixedly provided on a side of the sonic-wave transmitting
transducer; and the temperature controller and the salinity indicator are fixedly on a side wall
of the vertical pipe.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a first pressure indicator; and a second pressure indicator; the first pressure indicator and the second pressure indicator are arranged on the booster hose; the first pressure indicator is provided adjacent to the booster pump; the second pressure indicator is provided adjacent to the pipe connector; and the control device is connected to the first pressure indicator and the second pressure indicator.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the control device comprises a display and a plurality of control buttons.
5. A method for measuring underwater sound velocity using the apparatus according to claim 4, comprising: (SI) disassembling the pipe connector from the top of the vertical pipe; and injecting a fluid sample into the inverted T-shaped pipe, where a liquid level of the fluid sample is higher than the temperature controller and the salinity indicator; (S2) sealedly arranging the pipe connector on the top of the vertical pipe; connecting the top of the vertical pipe to the booster hose and the booster pump in sequence through the pipe connector; starting the control device to receive and display a salinity of the fluid sample measured by the salinity indicator; and if the salinity does not satisfy an experimental salinity condition, disassembling the pipe connector from the top of the vertical pipe and feeding freshwater or saline water until the salinity satisfies the experimental salinity condition, and sealedly arranging the pipe connector on the top of the vertical pipe and connecting the top of the vertical pipe to the booster hose and the booster pump in sequence through the pipe connector; (S3) starting the booster pump; monitoring a pressure and temperature in the inverted T-shaped pipe through the control device; and adjusting the temperature and the pressure in the inverted T-shaped pipe by adjusting the temperature controller and increasing or releasing pressure to satisfy experimental temperature and pressure conditions; (S4) measuring in real-time and rectifying, by the laser ranging device, a distance L between the sonic-wave transmitting transducer and the hydrophone;
(S5) starting the hydrophone to confirm that the hydrophone is working normally;
starting the sonic-wave transmitting transducer to emit sound waves, recording a time when
the sound waves are emitted by the sonic-wave transmitting transducer and a time when the
sound waves are collected by the hydrophone; and calculating in real time a time difference T
between the time when the sound waves are emitted by the sonic-wave transmitting
transducer and the time when the sound waves are collected by the hydrophone;
(S6) releasing the pressure in the inverted T-shaped pipe; and discharging the fluid
sample until the temperature in the inverted T-shaped pipe is lowered to a preset temperature;
and
(S7) calculating and displaying, by the control device, a sound velocity (V) of the fluid
sample according to formula (1):
V=L/T (1).
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the fluid sample is a water
sample collected from a target area, or a simulated water sample with different salinity and
pH.
7. The method according to claim 5, further comprising:
changing the pressure, temperature, and salinity in the inverted T-shaped pipe to display
the sound velocity of the fluid sample under different states in real time.
AU2021103469A 2021-04-07 2021-06-18 Underwater sound velocity measuring apparatus and measuring method using same Ceased AU2021103469A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110370510.8A CN113091878A (en) 2021-04-07 2021-04-07 Device for underwater sound velocity measurement and using method thereof
CN202110370510.8 2021-04-07

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AU2021103469A4 true AU2021103469A4 (en) 2021-08-05

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AU (1) AU2021103469A4 (en)
LU (1) LU500294B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114414028B (en) * 2022-01-25 2023-11-24 重庆医科大学 Device and method for measuring sound velocity of medium in sound waveguide tube based on sub-wavelength scale

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2503470Y (en) * 2001-11-19 2002-07-31 国家海洋局海洋技术研究所 Sea water sound velocimeter
CN102175301B (en) * 2011-03-08 2013-01-02 中国矿业大学(北京) Device and method for accurately measuring propagation velocity of wave under different stress conditions
CN103983339A (en) * 2014-05-09 2014-08-13 黄河科技学院 Experimental device for measuring liquid sound velocities under different temperatures
CN104614441A (en) * 2015-01-20 2015-05-13 中国人民解放军92859部队 Sound velocity measuring system based on seafloor sediments
CN205562022U (en) * 2016-02-02 2016-09-07 刘艳峰 Velocity of sound measuring device
CN106018550B (en) * 2016-07-01 2019-01-22 广东工业大学 A kind of acoustic characteristic measuring device and method
CN109425328A (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-05 天津大学(青岛)海洋工程研究院有限公司 A kind of miniature self-service ship design measuring vertical section temperature, salinity, the velocity of sound
CN207717216U (en) * 2018-01-11 2018-08-10 长沙理工大学 A kind of long-range measurement experiment device of the velocity of sound
CN111912512A (en) * 2019-05-07 2020-11-10 中国地质大学(北京) Sound velocity measuring device

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