LT6592B - Elements and electrodes therein of lead acid batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses elements and electrodes therein of lead acid batteries. The construction is intended for elements of VLRA AGM technology batteries. Such elements are of valve regulated. lead-acid, hermetic. recombinant type with flat-plate electrodes. separated with glass matt and having capacity of 100-600 Ah. The electrodes are connected in groups in width and length.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to valve-controlled lead-acid accumulators, and more particularly to valve plates of valve-controlled lead-acid accumulators and elements composed thereof.

Description of the Related Art

In many applications, such as electric forklifts, submarines, battery cabinets, and the like, a very limited amount of space is available to store batteries.

To this day, rechargeable batteries often occupy the largest area of all backup power supply equipment, as battery size is directly dependent on capacity, and in turn, capacity is directly dependent on the amount of lead electrodes used in the design. Therefore, there is a pressure to install the batteries as compactly as possible, as the space occupied by the batteries directly reflects the costs of the organization using them (renting the space or the construction costs of a larger building area).

It is also now a generally accepted trend to install batteries in closed cabinets rather than in open racks, with battery electrical connections from the front. This method is optional for safety (closed cabinets with lockable doors prevent unauthorized personnel from accidentally touching the battery electrical connections), and the connections at the front provide easier battery installation, service and maintenance procedures, as well as replacement of individual battery cells if necessary.

Cabinets of standardized dimensions, 600mm wide, 20002200mm high and 400-600mm deep are commonly used. Depending on the shape of the batteries, how compact they will be in the cabinets and how efficiently the space will be used. As a rule, the most limited is the wall area for battery cabinets, so cabinets of smaller width but greater depth are used if possible. To meet the above requirements, 12V battery monoblocks have been developed specifically for installation in cabinets, which differ from standard monoblocks in the arrangement of internal elements in the housing and have electrical connections at the front, i. FT - Front Terminal type. Their capacity is standard from 35Ah to 200Ah.

AGM (Absorbent Glass Cloth Microfiber) technology batteries are very widely used as backup energy accumulators. Medium and large capacity AGM batteries are used in many areas: telecommunications equipment, uninterruptible power supplies, process control and automation control systems, manufacturing processes, power transmission equipment, IT infrastructure, communication and signaling equipment, and so on. areas where backup power supply systems are required for uninterrupted operation. A battery is a number of series-connected batteries required to reach a specified voltage: if a 48V nominal battery is required, 24 units are required. 2V battery cells or 4 pcs. 12V monoblocks. Monoblock - a number of battery cells housed in a single housing and connected in series. Typically, 4, 6 and 12V battery monoblocks are produced, consisting of 2, 3 or 6 internal elements, respectively, with a voltage of 2V each. The lower the voltage of an individual battery and the higher their number in the battery, the more reliable the battery is: if the 48V battery consists of 4pcs. 12V monoblocks, if one of them fails, the battery voltage will no longer be enough to power the supported equipment, so it can be considered that the entire battery will be lost. Meanwhile, if the same 48V battery consists of 24pcs. The failure of 2V cells, one or even two of them, will have a much smaller effect on the overall performance of the battery. However, there are difficulties in optimally arranging the batteries, as the 2V cells are still not sufficiently compatible with the standard dimensions of the cabinets used. Due to the aforementioned limitations on the proportions of the electrodes, the 2V cells do not take up the depth of the cabinets, thus occupying a larger area in width and height.

The following negative factors affecting the electrode plates occur during battery operation, the negative effects of which are exacerbated by the lengthening of the electrode plates:

the "growth" of the electrode plates due to the amount of additional substances on the plates due to sulphation and oxidation processes, the deformation of the plates due to the increasing temperature during charging and the additional amounts formed during the discharge of lead sulphate,

These factors cause the plates to distort over time, which can lead to internal short circuits due to contact between the plates of different charges and / or "spillage" of the active substance due to plate deformation, thus losing an essential battery parameter, capacity.

The larger the area of the electrode plates, the more active the mentioned factors are. Therefore, in practice, certain proportions of the shape of the electrode plates are established, which ensure the optimal resistance and their limit size. Typically, AGM technology battery cells are manufactured up to 1500Ah capacity; when a larger capacity is required, the elements are connected in parallel. The shape of the battery cell corresponds to the shape of the electrodes.

The closest analog is disclosed in U.S. Pat. US2004 / 0226153. In it, a plurality of positive and negative electrode plates are arranged side by side alternately with spacers between them. Using the described plates and their connection method, it is possible to obtain batteries of various widths and thicknesses. The main disadvantage in order to obtain the required capacity is that the individual electrode plates are connected to the electrode groups by connecting them parallel to the width.

The method of joining the plates disclosed in the invention allows the plates to be joined in groups parallel to the width and sequentially to the length / height. The proportions of the battery cell change accordingly: the housing lengthens and becomes narrower. In this way, it is possible to connect 2 or more electrode plates j in length, thus reducing the width of the battery and making it more suitable for horizontal mounting in places such as battery cabinets.

Brief description of the invention

The invention includes elements of lead-acid batteries and electrodes therein. Their design is designed for VLRA (valve controlled lead acid) AGM technology battery cells. Such elements are valve-controlled lead-acid, sealed, recombinant type, with flat-shaped electrode plates separated by glass cloth microfiber with average capacities of about 100-600Ah. The electrodes are grouped in width and length.

Brief description of the drawings

Other features and advantages of the invention are described in the detailed description of the invention with reference to the following drawings:

Fig. Electrode plate connection - side view.

Fig. Electrode plate connection - front view.

Before providing a detailed description of the invention with reference to the drawings of exemplary embodiments of the invention, it is noted that identical elements are denoted by the same numbers in all the drawings.

Detailed description of the invention

It should be understood that many specific details are set forth in order to provide a complete and understandable description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention. However, it will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the detail of the examples of implementation of the invention does not limit the implementation of the invention, which can be implemented without such specific instructions. Well-known methods, procedures, and ingredients have not been described in detail to avoid misleading examples of the practice of the invention. Furthermore, this description should not be construed as limiting the examples of implementation provided, but only as their implementation.

The main parts of a lead-acid battery cell include:

electrodes / plates (1) consisting of a lead grid coated with an active mass: a positive electrode plate with lead oxide PbO2, a negative electrode plate with lead Pb with a binder;

"separator" (2) means a porous material used to separate positive and negative plates, which absorbs the electrolyte solution and immobilizes it on the electrode plates;

electrolyte (3) - aqueous sulfuric acid solution (H2SO4 + H2O);

housing (4) means a normally ABS plastic container containing electrodes (1) and an electrolyte (3) inside, with outwardly directed "+" and connectors (5), which may be one or more pairs, and one-way pressure control valves for remove the pressure inside the battery due to the escaping gases.

The electrode plates (1) connected to length J are connected to each other at at least one point (1.1), where the number of connections depends on the size of the plate. There is a gap of several millimeters between the longitudinally joined plates to compensate for thermal deformations and electrode "growth". The gap is about 2-10 mm. The width and thickness between the plate joints (1.1) directly depend on the capacity of the element (6), which is also directly related to the size of the electrode plates (1). The connectors (7) at the top of the plates are used to connect the positive and negative plates in groups of width. Additional joints to the lengths of the plates (1.1) can be made using joints of the same width and thickness as the standard joints in groups j in width.

Examples

110V or 220V accumulators, consisting of 51-54 units, are usually used in industrial systems. and 102-108pcs 2V battery cells. In the production of 2V 200Ah cells according to the invention, due to the reduced width of the battery cells and the increased length, the batteries installed in the cabinets take up 35% less space than conventional ones. The dimensions of the batteries produced by this method would be approximately 580 x 70 x 208 mm (LxWxH). Out of 54 pcs. The 2V cell battery could be installed in one 600 x 600 x 2025mm cabinet.

110V 200Ah batteries consisting of 54pcs. 2V elements, the method of installation in two 600 x 600 x 2025mm cabinets involves the formation of electrodes of the required capacity in the production process from smaller pairs of standard, multi-type capacity plates. For example, sets of 50Ah and 25Ah plates are produced for electrode formation. The 100Ah capacity element is assembled from 2x groups of 50Ah plates connected in width j. 150Ah capacity element - from 2x 50Ah plate groups connected in width, to which 2x 25Ah plate groups are connected in length. The 200Ah capacity element consists of 2x 50Ah plate groups connected in width, to which 2x 50Ah plate groups are connected in length j. The 300Ah capacity element consists of 3x 50Ah plate groups connected in width, to which 3x 50Ah plate groups are connected in length. Battery cells of other capacities are formed in an analogous way. Thus, this method allows to use the same type of raw electrode plates, which allows to achieve high economic efficiency in the production of raw materials, their transportation, storage. There are also time and financial savings in product testing and certification - according to battery production standards, product testing and testing is reduced if the same type of electrodes are used.

Although many features and advantages have been listed in the description of the invention, together with the structural details and features of the invention, the description is provided as an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Modifications may be made in the details, in particular in the shape, size and arrangement of the materials, without departing from the principles of the invention, in accordance with the most widely understood meanings of the terms used in the claims.

Claims (5)

Definition of the invention A valve-controlled lead-acid battery electrode (1) comprising a lead grid coated with an active mass and a terminal for connecting the electrodes in groups to a width difference, wherein the electrode (1) is formed of more than one separate section in length . 2. The electrode (1) of a valve-controlled lead-acid battery according to claim 1, characterized in that each section of the electrode (1) is interconnected by at least one contact element (1.1). Electrode (1) of a valve-controlled lead-acid battery according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each electrode compartment is interconnected by at least one contact element (1.1) having a width less than the width of the gap between the electrode compartments. A valve-controlled lead-acid battery element (6) comprising electrodes (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electrodes (1) are connected in groups j in width and in groups j in length. A valve-controlled lead-acid accumulator comprising cells (6) according to claim 4.