RU2299501C1 - Lead storage battery - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering; secondary chemical current supplies.

SUBSTANCE: proposed lead storage battery has jar accommodating bipolar electrodes with frames separated by electrolyte layer which are connected in series to set up desired voltages and have even number of members and those connected in parallel to enhance electric capacity and have even number of layers, as well as current leads with terminals. Battery is provided with insulating plates disposed on opposite walls of cells and designed to carry single-ended bipolar electrodes only, as well as single-ended bipolar and monopolar ones, on other end; frames are disposed between mentioned plates; frames carry double-ended bipolar electrodes, as well as double-ended bipolar and monopolar electrodes; frames carrying double-ended bipolar and monopolar electrodes are alternately mounted; monopolar electrodes form symmetrical positive and negative leads. Bipolar electrodes have positive and negative active material on one end. Total number of electrodes A and that of bipolar electrodes B is found from following equations: A = m (n + 1)/2 and B = m (n - 1)/2, where n is number of members in layer; m is number of layers.

EFFECT: enhanced specific power and reliability, simplified mechanical design of battery.

2 cl, 2 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used in the production of secondary chemical current sources.

The need to increase the electric capacity per unit mass and volume forced manufacturers to look for the best designs for lead-acid batteries, including due to the location of the electrode plates.

A known design of lead storage batteries for powering engines for special purposes [2], in which the thickness of the plates did not exceed one millimeter. The magnitude of the electric capacity of such products per unit volume and weight significantly exceeded the widespread similar indicators of industrial lead storage batteries.

The disadvantages of this design include the fact that there, in order to reduce the internal resistance of the current source, there are no separators, and a minimum distance between the plates is established, as a result of which there is a danger of “short circuits through a tinted active substance”. In addition, the specifics of the use of such products allows you to have a design “warranty service life of 12 cycles”, which is unacceptable for the mass consumer.

Known secondary current source containing foil electrodes, separated at the ends by insulating spacers, and in the center - by porous separators adjacent adjacent to the electrodes [3]. Each pair of electrodes is connected in parallel, and the individual cells are connected in series. This design in its specific characteristics occupied an intermediate position between a conventional starter battery and a capacitor.

Its disadvantages include a large number of internal connectors and a fairly high complexity of the product.

A known method of vertical arrangement of electrodes in a battery, with separators located between them [4]; bipolarity of the electrodes was achieved by densifying them around the perimeter of the frames.

A technical solution is known in which vertically arranged bipolar electrodes are glued around the perimeter to a dielectric base with holes for the passage of electrolyte [5].

The disadvantage of designs [4] and [5] is the increased internal resistance of the products, due to diffusion restrictions in the electrolyte, the complexity of the design, including those associated with switching the electrodes and shedding of the spent material into the “bag” of the lower electrode seal with their subsequent short circuit.

A known battery in which vertically arranged foil bipolar electrodes are glued to insulating frames on both sides, and the resulting elements are connected in series [6].

The design drawback [6] includes the complexity of the assembly and switching of the electrodes, the small size of the electrodes due to their possible deformation and shorting inside the frame and, accordingly, a large set of frames with electrodes and reduced electrical characteristics of the battery.

Known battery, "containing electrodes located one after another along the battery, an electrolyte and a frame of insulating material, located one after the other in a direction normal to the width of the frame, equipped with windows and jumpers, forming between the elements of a sealed partition, characterized in that the electrodes are made in the form of ... [m (n + 1) -1] / 2 (with an even arrangement of "n") foil plates arranged in separate layers between the frames, of which ... [m (n-1) + 1] / 2 (with even arrangement of "n") electrodes enes bipolar "[7], wherein" m "- the number of odd and even layers of the electrodes," n "- the even number of battery cells.

It should be noted that the above formulas for the number of even layers of electrodes do not correspond to the description (the total number of electrodes and electrodes are bipolar) - see table 2 and according to the information in the text and in the formula it is impossible to make the proposed battery. At the same time, the remaining options with an odd number of "n" and an even and odd number of "m", as well as with an even number of "n" and an odd number of "m" are not of industrial interest for a lead battery, because:

- as a rule, batteries are designed with a voltage multiple of 12 V, which in the first case is not achieved,

- with an odd "m", the battery assembly is rather complicated, because the output system is asymmetric, and, accordingly, its reliability decreases, and the weight increases in comparison with a battery with a symmetrical arrangement of conclusions (justification see below).

Known multi-cell lead battery "Pulsar" of the Australian company "Danlop Batturis" [8]. It contains a large number of frames made of insulating material with dissimilar electrodes, in which the "current drain part passes from the active material of the plate on one side of each frame through the said side of the frame, and the electrical connector passes through each section of the frame with the opposite voltage sign, connecting the said individual sections ". A metal mesh fused into the frames is used as a connector. The unit cells of the battery are connected in series. The specific energy of such products is about 45 Wh / kg, unlike commercially available products, in which it does not exceed 35 Wh / kg. The presence of internal connectors does not allow a further increase in the specific electrical characteristics of Pulsar batteries. In addition, introducing the connector into the framework is a low-tech and unreliable solution to the switching problem.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result to the proposed solution is a method for manufacturing a lead storage battery, in which separators from a polymer film with a gap of 0.1-0.4 mm are placed in rows on the electrodes, then their longitudinal edges are glued and the gaps are filled with glue between them to obtain bipolar plates separated by separators [1].

The disadvantages of the proposed method for the manufacture of the battery include low-tech assembly, high internal resistance of the battery due to the presence of separators and, accordingly, reduced specific electrical characteristics.

The technical problem that needed to be solved in the present invention was to develop a lead storage battery with increased specific energy per unit mass and volume, while improving reliability and simplifying the design of the battery.

The specified problem is solved as follows.

A lead battery consisting of a housing in which bipolar electrodes with frames are placed, separated by an electrolyte layer, connected in series to obtain specified voltage values, with an even number of cells and in parallel to increase electric capacity, with an even number of layers, as well as down conductors with terminals provide electrical insulating plates, which are located on opposite walls of the battery; they are designed to accommodate, on the one hand, only one-sided bipolar electrodes, on the other, one-way bipolar and monopolar electrodes, and the frames are placed between these plates; on the frame, double-sided bipolar plates and bilateral bipolar and monopolar plates are placed, while frames with bilateral bipolar and monopolar plates are installed through one; monopolar plates in the structure form symmetrical positive and negative conclusions.

Bipolar electrodes contain on one side a positive and negative active mass.

The total number of electrodes (A) and the number of bipolar electrodes (B) with an even number of elements in the layer (n) and an even number of layers (m) is calculated by the equations: A = m (n + 1) / 2 and B = m (n- 1) / 2.

When developing the task, two possible options for building battery packs were considered to clarify its design: with a symmetrical and asymmetric arrangement of bus electrodes.

Table 1 shows the comparative calculation data for this type of product.

Based on the tabular data for the unit shown in Fig. 1 with an open circuit voltage of 8.8 V with a symmetrical arrangement of buses and for a product with an asymmetric arrangement of them and a close voltage of 6.6 V (the next multiple voltage for this option is 11.0 V ) the difference in the conditional number of electrodes per 1V was 0.114 (in fact, at a theoretically identical voltage it would be greater). When constructing the 6ST-55 battery, the size of one electrode was 3.725 cm × 15.0 cm × 0.035 cm (1.956 cm ³ ), and the number of electrodes was 600. Thus, the number of blocks will be 85 pcs. (7 electrodes per block). The difference in the conditional number of all electrodes for the symmetric and asymmetric arrangement of the bus electrodes will be:

8.8 × 85 × 0.114 = 85, and the “excess” weight will be equal to 1.956 cm ³ × 11.34 g / cm ³ × 85 = 1885 g, i.e. about 2 kg (11.34 g / cm ³ - specific gravity of lead).

Thus, it is advisable to constructively rechargeable battery with a bipolar arrangement of electrodes symmetrically with respect to the terminals of each polarity, while the number of layers and elements in the layer should be even.

In this case, the assembly process is simplified, the reliability of the battery is increased, and its relative weight is reduced. The number of layers with positive and negative leads alternate with layers in which only bipolar electrodes are located.

The total number of electrodes and bipolar electrodes when designing a lead battery should be calculated by the formulas:

A = m (n + 1) / 2 and B = m (n-1) / 2, where n is the number of elements in the layer, m is the number of layers.

There is a good agreement between the calculated and practical results in the quantities of electrodes (see table 2).

The invention is illustrated in figure 1, which presents one of the options for placing electrodes from four consecutive cells and with four parallel current branches.

Inside the housing (1), the active surfaces of unilateral (2) and bilateral (3) bipolar electrodes, as well as monopolar electrodes (4) and (5), are in contact with the electrolyte (6). One-sided bipolar plates with electrical insulating plates (11) and (12) are connected by adhesive mating of the surface (10) and are located on opposite walls of the battery. Between them are placed frames with jumpers, which are designed to accommodate alternating bilateral bipolar and jointly bilateral bipolar and monopolar electrodes. The opposite of the sign of the charge of the bipolar electrodes in the electrolyte is provided by the jumpers of the frame (7) with the adhesive mating of the surface (10). Contact groups of unipolar positive and negative electrodes are connected to the terminals (8) and (9) through connectors (13) and (14).

Groups of electrodes in adjacent cells are connected in series, blocks from such groups in parallel. The number of intermediate bipolar electrodes is selected from the calculation of the specified voltage in a separate block, and the number of blocks is selected from the calculation of building the battery to achieve a given electrical capacitance.

Figure 2 shows an example of a wiring diagram for assembling a battery of four series-connected cells and two parallel current branches.

An insulating frame with windows and with single-sided bipolar electrodes (2), turned down in the drawing, is installed on the plate (11) through an adhesive connection (10).

Then, on the previous assembly, a frame with windows and with bilateral bipolar (3) and monopolar (4) and (5) electrodes is fixed. The latter have different polarity. Bilateral bipolarity of the plate (3) is achieved by glue pairing with the upper (7) and lower jumpers separating the plate.

At the end of the assembly, an insulation frame is fixed with bipolar plates turned upward in FIG. 2. Mounting plates - similar to the upper frame.

Between the bottom frame and the frame with monopolar electrodes, frames with only bilateral bipolar electrodes can also be located (see FIG. 1).

The number of layers from frames with double-sided bipolar electrodes and monopolar electrodes and bipolar electrodes in the frame can be almost unlimited.

The assembly layout shown in Fig. 2 in working condition is located in a vertical position relative to the frames, therefore, not only electrolyte freely moves in their windows, but also sludge is collected that does not close the electrodes.

Practical example

According to the claimed invention, a rechargeable battery with lead-based foil electrodes was manufactured.

The electrodes mounted on the frame are located in accordance with the schematic representation in figure 1.

The open circuit voltage at the battery terminals was 13.2 V.

The battery dimensions corresponded to the sizes of commercially available 6ST-55 starter batteries (262 mm × 170 mm × 158 mm).

The specific energy was 57 Wh / kg (205 kJ / kg).

The foil thickness was 350 μm. Battery performance was maintained at low temperatures.

The obtained practical test results will allow the use of such batteries to start diesel engines in the Far North.

They can be used for engine modules of vehicles with current recovery during braking, as a result of which engine power could be slightly reduced.

Information sources

1. Patent of Russia, No. 2094913, cl. H01M 10/18, 1997 (prototype).

2. G.M. Podobriy, B.C. Beloborody, et al. Theoretical Foundations of Torpedo Weapons, Military Publishing House of the USSR Ministry of Defense, M., 1969

3. US patent, No. 3421944, CL. 136-6, 1969.

4. Patent of England, No. 208194, cl. H01M 4/20, 1982.

5. Japan Patent No. 59-64436, CL H01M 10/18, 1984.

6. Copyright certificate. USSR, No. 1644259, cl. H01M 10/18, 1991.

7. Patent of Russia, No.2001469, cl. H01M 10/18, 1991.

8. Australian Patent No. 60592/73, cl. H01M 35/08, 1972.

Table 1
Comparative characteristics of batteries with different arrangement of bus electrodes №№ Symmetrical arrangement of bus electrodes Asymmetric arrangement of bus electrodes The difference in the conditional number of electrodes per 1V Number of cells Total number of electrodes Voltage B Conventional number of electrodes per 1V Number of cells Total number of electrodes Voltage Conventional number of electrodes per 1V one four 7 8.8 0.795 3 6 6.6 0,909 0.114 2 6 10 13,2 0.757 5 9 eleven 0.818 0,061 3 8 13 17.6 0.738 7 12 15.4 0.779 0,041 four 12 19 26,4 0.714 eleven eighteen 24.2 0.744 0,030 5 twenty 31 44 0.704 19 thirty 41.8 0.718 0.014 6 26 40 57.2 0.699 25 39 55 0.709 0.010 7 one hundred 151 220 0.686 99 150 217.8 0.689 0.003 Note: close open-circuit voltage values are selected (see text for details).

table 2
Estimated and actual values of the number of electrodes in batteries According to the patent [7] m n Ar Af VR Bf m n Ar Af VR Bf m n Ar Af VR Bf four four 9.5 10 6.5 6 6 four 14.5 fifteen 9.5 9 8 four 19.5 twenty 12.5 12 6 13.5 fourteen 10.5 10 6 20.5 21 15,5 fifteen 6 23.5 24 20.5 twenty 8 17.5 eighteen 14.5 fourteen 8 26.5 27 21.5 21 8 35.5 36 28.5 28 10 21.5 22 18.5 eighteen 10 32,5 33 27.5 27 10 43.5 44 36.5 36 According to the invention m n Ar Af VR Bf m n Ar Af VR Bf m n Ar Af VR Bf four four 10 10 6 6 6 four fifteen fifteen 9 9 8 four twenty twenty 12 12 6 fourteen fourteen 10 10 6 21 21 fifteen fifteen 6 24 24 twenty twenty 8 eighteen eighteen fourteen fourteen 8 27 27 21 21 8 36 36 28 28 10 22 22 eighteen eighteen 10 33 33 21 21 10 44 44 36 36 m is the number of electrode layers; n is the number of battery cells in the layer;
A is the number of all electrodes; In - the number of bipolar electrodes;
p is the calculated value; f is the actual value.
Calculation according to patent [7] with even “n” (even and odd “m”): A = [m (n + 1) -1] / 2 and B = [m (n-1) +1] / 2.
The calculation according to the invention for even "n" and "m": A = m (n + 1) / 2 and B = m (n-1) / 2 or A = [m (n + 1) -1] / 2 +0.5 and B = [m (n-1) +1] / 2-0.5.

Claims (2)

1. A lead-acid battery consisting of a housing in which bipolar electrodes with frames are placed, separated by an electrolyte layer, connected in series to obtain specified voltage values, with an even number of cells and in parallel to increase the electric capacitance, with an even number of layers, as well as down conductors with terminals, characterized in that the battery is equipped with electrical insulating plates, which are located on opposite walls of the battery and are designed to be placed on one side only single-sided bipolar electrodes, on the other hand, of single-sided bipolar and monopolar electrodes, while the bipolar electrodes contain positive and negative active mass on one side, and the frames are located between these plates and are designed to accommodate bilateral bipolar electrodes and bilateral bipolar and unipolar electrodes, while frames with double-sided bipolar and monopolar electrodes are installed through one, and monopolar electrodes form symmetrical positive ln and negative conclusions. 2. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the total number of electrodes (A) and the number of bipolar electrodes (B) is calculated by the equations: A = m (n + 1) / 2 and B = m (n-1) / 2 where n is the number of elements in the layer, m is the number of layers.

Images