LT6450B - Mechanical emergency fall brake for elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

This description presents emergency brake design used in elevators or other equipment requiring emergency stop functionality to be ensured in event of uncontrollable falling. The emergency brake device comprises stopping rail (consisting of working strips, guide rails etc), slider, stopping member, power switch, and other components. Functioning of emergency brake is based on inertial force, with the going above predetermined limit of which in case of increased speed of stopping member end of stopping member changes movement trajectory, gets in deeper and fails to get out of hole in stopping strip on time and props against hole edge. Stopping member is secured to elevator platform or other device the falling of which must be stopped. Emergency falling is stopped by stopping member propping against hole edge.The main advantages of this invention compared to other solutions in related art are: this system is fully autonomous, it needs no additional source of energy, it is adaptable for different elevator systems regardless of the way elevator platform is secured (with ropes or in some different way), and after engagement of emergency brake it is uncomplicated to put the elevator system back into normal working condition.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to the field of lifts, the technical field of hoists, and more particularly to the emergency fall brake device of a hoist.

TECHNICAL LEVEL

This description describes the technical solution for the implementation of the lift fall arrester. At the heart of the solution is an elongated oscillating braking element. The brake element is pivotally mounted on the hoist platform with or without auxiliary element. There is a wheel at one end of the base of the braking element and at the opposite end of the same base as the wheel there is a widening of the base. During normal operation of the hoist, the end of the braking member rests on the wheel of the braking device with protrusions and recesses and moves along said belt to follow said protrusions and holes. The widened end of the base portion opposite to the wheel, oscillates in and out of the holes in front of said protrusions and recesses. When the hoist moves faster than normal, the extended end of the stop member is no longer able to slide out of the hole and leaning against the edge of the hole prevents the hoist from moving or falling. If the emergency situation is resolved, the truck can be brought back to normal operation, the emergency brake will not trip, and no additional measures are required to ensure normal operation of the truck.

Patent application WO02011146073A1 (published November 24, 2011) discloses an elevator car stop device whereby a stop member is inserted into the cavity track holes during a stop request, causing the elevator car to stop. The stopping element is controlled and pushed into the stopping position by an electrically operated solenoid. This braking system requires electricity, will not operate without an additional power source, and is not autonomous or unreliable in this respect.

Patent application US5651429A (published July 29, 1997) discloses an elevator emergency stop system in which the stop member moves from its normal position in the event of an emergency stop and thereby relies on the free end for braking interventions. This prevents the elevator from falling freely. The brake element is deflected in its normal position due to its weight, and when the lift starts to fall freely, the brake element rises freely to a position close to braking or braking. Here we see that the braking element rises only if the lift acceleration is high. If the lift starts to fall at low acceleration (eg when the service brakes are partially applied), there is a very high probability that the brake element will not rise and stop the fall. It should also be extremely difficult to adjust the proper moment of actuation of the braking element. The application states that braking is intended to stop the lift when it is already falling at free fall acceleration, but such excessive acceleration is often unacceptable and dangerous for emergency braking systems.

A number of patent documents disclose lift fall systems, which are activated when the cable retaining the elevator car breaks. One of the oldest emergency braking systems for such a lift is described in US1220992A (published March 27, 1917). The rope retaining rope is fitted with stops which are in the normal operating position when the rope is tensioned. In the event of a breakage of the retaining rope, due to its weight, one end of the stopper is dropped while raising the other end of the stopper, which is supported by protrusions of the emergency braking system and stops the fall. This type of emergency braking system is not suitable for use in lift systems which do not use a cable. In addition, as in the case of US5651429A, the braking element and its supporting structures are subjected to extremely high loads during emergency braking, and it must be ensured that all structures are able to withstand those loads.

the closest analogue of the device is disclosed in EP2213605A2 (published August 4, 2010) and in other similar documents. The braking system shall be mounted on a lifting pulley. The braking system has an elongated oscillating braking member that is pivotally mounted about its center to a stable base. One end has a wheel that rolls through the protrusions and recesses of the pulley, while the other end is inserted and withdrawn from the stopping hole. The stop hole is located on the surface of the rope pulley. If the rope pulley rotates at normal speed, the retracting end of the stop member, acting on the other end of the wheel, will retract and exit the stop hole. If the rope pulley starts to rotate faster than normal, the end of the stop member will no longer be able to slide out of the stop hole, thereby preventing the rope pulley from rotating. Such a braking system can only be realized in systems with a cable.

The prior art documentation presented has the following main shortcomings:

- the emergency braking system may be fitted only to the hoist for the time being,

- an auxiliary power supply required to operate the emergency braking system, eg. electric power;

- the emergency brake requires very high (near free fall) acceleration or speed;

- High emergency resources (time, replaceable parts, tools, etc.) are required to return to normal operation when the emergency brake is released.

The technical solution for the emergency brake application of this description does not have the drawbacks of the solutions presented in the above documents.

THE SUBSTANCE OF THE INVENTION

This description describes the emergency brake design used in lifts or other installations where the emergency brake function is necessary in the event of an uncontrolled fall. The emergency stop device has: a stop rail (consisting of work belts, guides, etc.), a slide, a stop element, an electrical switch and other components. The action of the emergency brake is based on the force of inertia, which, when the braking speed is increased beyond the specified size, causes the end of the braking element to change its trajectory, deeper and less able to slide out of the hole in the brake lane. The braking element is attached to a platform or other device whose fall must be stopped. Emergency fall is stopped when the braking element leans against the edge of the hole.

The main advantages of the present invention over other prior art solutions are: this system is completely autonomous, does not require any additional power source, can be adapted to various lift systems independently of how the lift platform (ropes, etc.) is mounted; normal working position.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. Figure 1 shows the emergency brake. Side view.

Fig. Figure 2 shows the emergency brake. Cross-sectional view.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In addition to the drive mechanism which ensures the movement of the lift, the lifts have brakes. There are at least two types of brakes: the service brake stops the platform at a certain height; the emergency brake ensures that the platform does not fall down in the event of a lift failure. The aim is to make the emergency brake function as an independent system from other systems without the need for an additional power source. Therefore, one of the best implementations of the emergency brake technical system is the mechanical braking system without additional power source, which is activated at a higher than normal movement speed of the truck.

This description describes the fall brake of the lift truck. The emergency brake shall comprise at least the following main components: brake rail, slide (5), brake element (6), brake element wheel (8), spring (9), other elements. The stop rail consists of at least a working band (4) with protrusions and recesses, a working band (3) with holes, a guide (or guides) (2) for moving the slide (5) and other elements.

The emergency stop brake rail comprises at least two working elongated planes, strips (3) and (4) facing one another in one embodiment. There may be another plane, the band connecting said two working strips (3) and (4), thereby forming an element having a cross-sectional shape resembling a "[" shape, said connecting plane may also be curved, in which case the working strips (3) ) and (4) the cross-section, with the additional bar, resembles a "U" shape. The stop rail with the working strips (3) and (4) extends along the entire travel path of the lifting platform or other moving element. The brake rail may be located adjacent to the travel rail (guide) of the lift platform or integrated into the travel rail, or may, where appropriate, replace the travel rail, i.e., perform both the travel guide and the stop rail. The stop rail must be mounted on a stable base that can withstand both the weight of the hoist and its objects and the resistance to the forces acting on the falling hoist. In the case of the present invention, the stop rail is fixedly attached to the movement guide of the hoist.

As mentioned above, the service braking rails (3) and (4) are opposite each other and parallel to each other during braking. The braking element (6) moves between the operating strips (3) and (4) of the brake rail. One of the working strips (4) has bumps with sloping edges. Said protrusions are formed along the working belt (4), i.e. such that, as it slides along said working belt (4), a member following its shape (e.g. the wheel (8) of the braking member (6)) rises at the beginning of the ascent and descends at the end of the ascent. The bump is followed by a depression followed by a bump, a bump, a bump, and so on. In a preferred embodiment, the element following the rib (4) with protrusions should be free of cracks, i.e. the path of the element following the bar (4) must be continuous. Another embodiment of the working belt (3) opposite the belt (4) with the projections has openings. The shape of the holes resembles a rectangle. Requirement for the shape of the hole - It shall conform to the shape of the flange of the stop element (6), which may be supported by the stop element (6) during emergency braking. The tape (3), and in particular the gaps between the holes, must be made of mechanically sound material. The apertures are arranged along the stop rail strip (3), in the same sequence as the protrusions in the opposite strip (4): aperture, plane, aperture, plane, and so on. In one embodiment, the openings are formed at locations opposite to the protrusions of the bar (4) on the opposite side. The braking bar (4) with protrusions can be made of aluminum (eg 6060-T6) or steel (eg S235) or other materials with similar properties. The stop rail (3) with holes can be made of steel (eg S355) or other materials with similar properties.

In another embodiment, instead of the working belt (3) with the holes, the belt may be used with protrusions instead of the holes. In this case, the longitudinal cross-section of the working band resembles a saw, but the blades forming the saw blade must have a right angle, at least in the vertical direction.

The brake element (6) is pivotally mounted on the slider (5) through the axle (7). To carry out the functions of the direction of movement of the slider (5), a guide (2) separate from said working strips (3) and (4) is provided. The cross-sectional shape of the guide (2) resembles "C", where the slider (5) is inserted between the ends of the cross-sectional shape of the guide (2). The length of the guide rail (2) is equal to or close to the length of the service braking tracks (3) and (4). Two guides may be used, each having a cross-sectional shape resembling an "L", and the longitudinal ends of the cross-section permanently fixed by another member, wherein the cross-sectional shape of all three interconnected members resembles the "C" shape described above.

There is a slider (5) between the ends of the guide rail cross-section. The slider (5) is made of steel (eg S235) or other material with similar mechanical properties. The slider (5) is attached to the moving structure of the lifting device by means of a pin and an axis (7). The axle (7) is attached to the platform of the hoist with the possibility to move the axis (7) horizontally with respect to the structure of the hoist. The axle (7) must be firmly anchored in the vertical direction, ie with the moving structure of the hoist, i.e. elements cannot move vertically relative to each other. Horizontal movement of the elements is necessary because the movement path of the lifting platform may not exactly match the movement of the slide (5), which would allow the braking element (6) to move relative to the working lanes (3) and (4). possible malfunction of the emergency brake. In another embodiment, the slide (5) may be an integral part of the hoist platform. In the case of the present invention, the slider (5) resembles a rectangular parallelepiped whose two opposite opposite planes have a full length recess (i.e., the cross-sectional shape of the slider (5) resembles a "H") with edges hugging the guide (2). A stop member (6) is pivotally mounted to the slider (5) by means of a pin, said axis (7).

The braking element (6) is made of steel (eg S355) or other materials with similar properties. The braking element (6) must be able to withstand (ie not damage the integrity of the element) the loads acting on the lifting platform at the moment of emergency braking. The stop member (6) resembles a rectangle whose length is at least several (e.g. 2-3) times the width. One short base of the braking element (6) is longer than the other short base of the braking element (6), i.e. the stop member (6) suddenly widens on one of its bases, i.e. the stop member (6) somewhat resembles the shape of an "L" or a long-boots. The shape and size of said abrupt base extension must be smaller than the size of the stop rail bar (3) to allow the extension to fit into the stop rail bar (3) when the lift is above normal fall speed. On the other side of the said extended short base, a wheel (8) is pivotally attached to the braking element (6). The wheel (8) is mounted in the corner of the braking member (6) so that part of the wheel (8) protrudes beyond the edges of the braking member (6) so that the braking member (6) contacts the working belt (4) over the wheel (8). not directly. The wheel (8) can be made of various materials, in the present invention it is made of PE1000 plastic. At the other end of the elongate braking member (6), other than said extension and wheel (8), the braking member (6) has a hole through which the pin is pierced, said axle (7) swiveling the braking member.

The short base (without extension) of the braking element (6), to which the mounting axis (7) of the braking element (6) is located, may be rounded, i.e. the short base may not be straight but curved in the form of a bow.

At one end of the slider (5), the extended end of the stop member (6), which is oriented towards it, is a locking pin (10). The locking pin (10) is fixedly fixed to the slide (5), over a plane of the slide (5) which is oriented towards the stop member (6) and protrudes a little larger than the thickness of the stop member (6). The locking pin (10) (in this case DIN 1474) is intended to limit the swinging range of the braking element (6) and the depth of penetration into the hole of the working belt (3). In other embodiments, another depth limiter or emergency stop device may be implemented to operate without this feature and the devices implementing them. The locking pin (10) also serves to lock the position of the stop member (6) in the event of an emergency stop.

A spring (9) is attached to the stop member (6) and the axle (7). The present invention employs a straight (or nearly straight), rigid wire (or plate) that is resistant to multiple bending compressions, rather than having a cylinder twisted spring, while exhibiting a sustained ability to return to its original position. In the case of the present invention, said spring (9) is made of steel (e.g. 60C2A). One end of the spring (9) is cut across the axis (7) of the braking element (6), through the hole in the axis (7), the whole spring (9) extending along the entire braking element (6) to the extended base with wheel (8). At its other end, the spring (9) is attached to the extended end of the stop member (6). In addition to the already described spring (6) shape, a part of a spring-shaped spring, e.g. a conventional cylindrical coiled spring (9) is used and its ends extend to said anchorage points at the ends of the stop member (6). In the case of the present invention, the cylinder-like part of the spring (9) is close to the widened base edge, i.e. extending as far as possible from the rounded end of the stop member (6), but not outside the stop member (6). A pin is inserted through said cylinder to attach one end of the spring to the stop member (6). Behind the pin, the end of the spring extends towards the anchorage near the wheel (8). From the pin to said anchorage, the shape of the spring (or part thereof) resembles a "V" shape, whereby a spike extends beyond the stop member. The size of the protrusion must be such that, when the extended end of the stop member (6) leans against the edge of the opening of the working belt (3) (i.e. when the emergency brake is applied), the spring pin has already passed through the locking pin (10). In this way, the locking pin through the spring (9) must support the stop member (6) which engages in the opening of the working belt (3).

As mentioned, one end of the braking element (6) has an extension, which, in an emergency, rests on the working strip (3) with holes, and the other end of the braking element (6) is rounded. In another embodiment, said rounded stop member (6) forms a protrusion at its end which protrudes beyond said rounding arc, i.e. the distance from the center of the arc to the maximum point of elevation is greater than the distance from the center of the arc to the arc. The protrusion is formed in such a way that, in the event of an emergency, when the extended end of the stop member (6) slides into the hole of the working belt (3), said protrusion rotates about the center of the axle and obstructs the lever (or other actuator). The switch (1) is mounted near the rounded end of the braking element (6) and at a distance from the braking element (6) such that the switch (1) is actuated only in an emergency when the end of the braking element (6) hole. The switch (1) generates an electrical signal to indicate when the emergency brake has tripped, to switch off the truck drive motor or for other functions. The switch (1) and its actuator shall be so designed and fitted to the braking device that the switch (1) is actuated before the emergency brake is applied. On the other hand, it must be ensured that the switch (1) does not malfunction.

When the lifting platform is moving up or down, the slide (5) with the stop element (6) and other emergency brake elements moves together. The braking element (6) hangs on the axle (7) securing it to the slider (5) and other components. When the spring (9) is actuated, the stop member (6) leans towards the working belt (4) with protrusions and recesses and touches the wheel (8). As the truck moves at its normal speed, the spring (9) acts on the spring (9) and the braking element (6) is constantly in contact with the working belt (4), i.e. the wheel (8) rolls over the bumps and recesses. As the truck moves, the other end of the extended base of the braking element (6) fits in and out of the holes formed in the working belt (3). As the wheel (8) of the stop member (6) rolls through the elevation of the working belt (4), the other end of the extended base fits into the opening of the other working belt (3); when the stop member (6) rolls away from the highest elevation of the working belt (4), the other end of the base extends out of the hole; with the wheel (8) at the deepest point of the working belt (4), the other end of the base is completely protruding from the opening of the working belt (3) and can slip through the opening part of the belt (3) to rest against.

As the hoist moves downwards at a higher than normal speed, the wheel (8) of the stop member (6), following the elevations and recesses of the bar (4), ascends and reaches its peak due to the higher than normal speed, i.e. due to the higher inertia acting on the braking element (6), it tears off the surface of the working belt (4) and is no longer in contact. The extended end of the braking element (6) with the wheel (8) is moved away from the working belt (4) with protrusions and recesses due to its higher than normal speed and is moved more towards the working belt (3) with holes. The stop member (6) moves further downwards, but at said end closer than usual to the web (3) with holes, it is no longer possible to approach the web (4) with protrusions and recesses in time, i.e. is no longer able to return to its normal trajectory and leans on the edge of the hole with its extended limb. If, due to a malfunction, the lifting device is no longer supported, it is supported by the axle (7), slider (5) and stop member (6) into the lower edge of the hole in the working band (3). The emergency fall of the lift is stopped. The truck must be returned to working position after repairs. In the case of different emergency braking systems, it is necessary to replace the elements of the emergency brake or other systems when the emergency brake is called. For example, if an emergency braking system uses a wedge between the hoist rope and the brake support, it will occur that the wedge will get stuck in a non-moving manner, necessitating the replacement of system components that are no longer serviceable. In the case of the present invention, if the materials of sufficient strength have been selected and not damaged, then, after slightly raising the hoist, the stop member (6) comes out of the opening of the working belt (3), fits into the working belt (4) suitable for further use without modification.

To prevent the braking element (6) from coming out of the hole in the working belt (3) after the emergency brake has been actuated (eg before the emergency brake has been lifted), the locking pin (10) and the spring (9) are fitted. resembling a "V" shape. In order for the brake element (6) to slide into the hole of the working belt (3) in the event of an emergency stop, the "V" spring of the spring must slide through the locking pin (10). When the emergency brake is actuated, the stopper (6) is held in this position by the locking pin (10) through the spring (9) at the end of the working strip (3). When lifting the truck from the emergency stop position, the stop member (6) begins to rest on its extended, sloping end at the top edge of the hole in the working belt (3), causing the stop member (6) to be pushed out of the hole a spring (9) obstructing the locking pin (10).

As mentioned, the slide (5) moves with the guide (2). Its function is to ensure an accurate movement of the braking element (6). It is difficult and often inappropriate to maintain extremely high accuracy of the lifting platform's movement trajectory. Meanwhile, the inaccurate trajectory of the braking element (6) may cause the emergency brake to malfunction. The lifting platform and the stop element (6) can move slightly to the sides, e.g. when moving up, down, the hoist and the stop element (6) can also fluctuate slightly in the horizontal plane. This movement of the truck does not affect the operation of the truck horizontally up to a certain limit, however, the horizontal movement of the brake element (6) may cause the emergency brake to operate incorrectly. The horizontal movement of the lifting platform results in the horizontal movement of the stop member (6), and a slider (5) is used to compensate for this horizontal movement.

The technical solution presented in this description is implemented in a hoist with a movement speed not exceeding 0.15 m / s. With modifications outside the scope of this description, a similar technical solution can be implemented for other devices requiring emergency fall brakes.

In order to illustrate and describe the present invention, the following is a description of the most preferred embodiments. It is not a detailed or restrictive description intended to determine the exact form or embodiment. The description above should be viewed as an illustration rather than a limitation. Obviously, many modifications and variations may be apparent to those skilled in the art. An embodiment is selected and described so that those skilled in the art will best understand the principles of the invention and their best practical application for different embodiments with different modifications suitable for a particular application or application. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the appended definition and its equivalents, in which all the foregoing terms have the widest possible meaning, unless otherwise stated.

Embodiments described by those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the following definition.

Claims (11)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. Emergency stop device having: a stop rail extending throughout the travel path of the hoist moving the braking element (6) and other elements of the device; and a stop member (6) which, when moving downwardly at a higher speed than the normal speed, enters the opening of the working belt (3) to stop the emergency fall of the lift; characterized in that the braking track has two working strips (3) and (4), one of which (4) has protrusions and recesses, which are followed by a movable braking member (6) about its anchor axis and the other working strip (3) ) have apertures into which a part of the extended base of the stop member (6) fits. Emergency stop device according to claim 1, characterized in that the stop rail has a guide (2) or guides along its entire length which are intended to ensure the accuracy of the trajectory of the slide (5). Emergency stop device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a slider (5) is provided between the cross-sectional ends of the guide (2). Emergency stop device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stop element (6) is pivotally mounted on the slider (5) by an axis (7). Emergency stop device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axle (7) is attached to the structure of the hoist in such a way that it can move horizontally with respect to the hoist structure, but cannot move vertically with respect to the hoist structure. Emergency stop device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one end of the stop member (6) has a widened base which rests on the edge of the opening of the working belt (3) in the event of an emergency, the other end being rounded and raised. Emergency stop device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is an electrical switch (1) at the slide (5) above the stop member (6) which is pressed by a raised end of the stop member (6) against the stop member (6). j the edge of the opening of the working band (3), ie before the emergency brake is called. Emergency stop device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stop member (6) has a wheel (8) at its extended end which rests on a working strip (4) with projections and recesses. Emergency stop device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a spring (9), one end of which is pierced through a hole in the axis (7) of the braking element (6), the whole spring (9) extending the spring (9) of the whole braking element (6) is attached to the extended end of the braking element (6) by the other end. Emergency stop device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the part of the slider (5) in which the extended end of the braking element (6) is oriented is a locking pin (10) which is fixedly attached to the slider (5) 5) planes oriented towards the stop member (6). Emergency stop device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spring (9) at the extended end of the stop member (6) resembles a "V" shape, wherein said spike when the stop member (6) flies into the hole of the working belt (3). during braking must pass through the locking pin (10) by blocking it and the said spring (9) part shape and locking pin (10) hold the braking element in the opening of the working belt (3) until the causes of the emergency stop have been eliminated.