LT6364B - HUMAN TRANSPORT DIVERSITY FOOTWEAR - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the textile industry, which is characterized by good properties of moisture transport from body to body for a group of knitted materials. The material is made of combined interlock weave by cross-knitting. The inner, body-contact layer is made of hydrophobic filament yarn or yarn, and the outer layer is of hydrophobic and hydrophilic filament yarn or yarn, or of a larger and smaller elemental filament-like hydrophobic fiber filament yarn or yarn. The vertical density of the inner layer is twice less than that of the outer layer. The material has a surface density of 120-240 g / m2, a cumulative one-way moisture transport index and a general moisture transport capacity of good, very good or higher. Resistance to potting and sinking is at least 4-5 degrees.

Description

The invention belongs to the textile industry, namely to the group of knitwear materials with good moisture transport properties from the body to the outside.

The amount of sweat secreted by the human body, depending on the degree of its physical activity, can reach 2000-45000 g per day. When the garment worn close to the body becomes saturated with sweat, the wearer feels discomfort - an unpleasant feeling of stickiness, dampness. To ensure thermophysiological wearing comfort, creating and maintaining a pleasant microclimate on the body surface, the released moisture (sweat in a vapor or liquid state) must be efficiently transported to the outside of the garment, keeping the body dry. Therefore, moisture transport properties are a decisive factor in ensuring the functionality of clothing intended for extremely active physical activity, which comes into contact with the skin.

The moisture transport properties of layered textile materials depend on the fiber composition of the raw materials used, the geometric properties of the fibers, threads or yarns, the structure of the material and its indicators. Textile materials with good moisture transport properties are usually made of at least two layers. The main requirement for the inner layer, which is in contact with human skin, is to absorb and transfer moisture well to the outside. The outer layer of the material must effectively distribute moisture so that it quickly evaporates into the environment.

Depending on the level of physiology and physical activity, two forms of sweating are distinguished: sweat vapor and sweat drops (liquid). The following indicators are used to determine and describe the level of water vapor transport through a textile material: water vapor permeability, water vapor resistance and water vapor permeability index. At maximum physical exertion (energy generated 1000-1200W), as a rule, the moisture released by the body is in a liquid state. In this case, a more suitable methodology for determining and evaluating the properties of moisture (sweat drops) transport is regulated by the standard AATCC 195:2012 [AATCC Test Method 195:2012. Liquid Moisture Management Properties of Textile Fabrics]. According to the requirements of the standard, artificial sweat (distilled water with sodium chloride) is applied to the side of the material that will be close to the body when worn. The total duration of the test is 120 s. A drop of applied artificial sweat spreads on the material being tested in three directions: it spreads on the inner side of the material (which comes into contact with the skin when worn); it is absorbed through the material; and the liquid that has penetrated spreads on the outer side of the material.

According to the AATCC 195:2012 standard, the following indicators are determined to characterize the moisture transport properties: wetting time, maximum absorption level, maximum wetting area, moisture diffusion rate, cumulative one-way moisture transport index and total moisture transport capacity. The indicators used to characterize the moisture transport properties and their levels are presented in Table 1. The indicators are determined using the MMT M290 device (SDL Atlas, USA) that meets the requirements of the standard.

Table 1. Moisture transport indicator levels

Rank (index) Indicator 1 3 4 5 Wetting time WT, s Top (WT _T ) > 120 Does not get wet 20-119 Slow 5-19 Average 2-5 Fast <3 Very fast Bottom (WT _B ) > 120 Does not get wet 20-119 Slow 5-19 Average 2-5 Fast <3 Very fast Absorption rate AR, %/s Top (OR _T ) 0-10 Very slow 10-30 Slow 30-50 Average 50-100 Fast >100 Very fast Bottom (OR _B ) 0-10 Very slow 10-30 Slow 30-50 Average 50-100 Fast >100 Very fast Maximum wetted area MWR, mm Top (MWR _T ) 0-7 Does not get wet 7-12 Small 12-17 Average 17-22 Large >22 Very large Bottom (MVVRb) 0-7 Does not get wet 7-12 Small 12-17 Average 17-22 Large >22 Very large Moisture diffusion velocity SS, m m/s Top (SS _T ) 0-1 Very slow 1-2 Slow 2-3 Average 3-4 Fast >4 Very fast Bottom (SS _B ) 0-1 Very slow 1-2 Slow 2-3 Average 3-4 Fast >4 Very fast Cumulative one-way moisture transport index R, % <-50 Very bad -50 - 100 Bad 100-200 Good 200-400 Very good >400 Excellent Total Moisture Transport Capacity (TMTC) 0-0.2 Very bad 0.2-0.4 Bad 0.4-0.6 Good 0.6-0.8 Very good >0.8 Excellent

Using the summary of evaluation grades (from 1 to 5) (Table 1), the materials are divided into:

waterproof;

water repellent;

slow-absorbing and slow-drying;

quickly absorbing and slowly drying;

quickly absorbing and quickly drying;

easily permeable to water;

moisture-transporting materials.

There is a known technical solution "Composite textile material capable of transporting moisture" (patent US 6432504 B1; D03D11/00), which describes the structure of a layered fluff material made entirely of synthetic fibers that transports moisture well from the human body to the outside. The inner layer of the material, located next to the body, is made of thicker (^0.33 tex), and the next outer layer is made of thinner (0.011+0.111 tex) elementary filament yarns. Due to the microfiber yarns used in the outer layer of the knit, such a knit may have a pronounced tendency to fluff and pill. The specific weave, surface texture, densities, and surface density of the material are not specified in the patent specification.

A known technical solution is “Manufacturing methods for preparing moisture-transporting textiles” (patent US 7407514 B2, D06M10/00), which describes the structure of a woven/knitted material with good moisture transport. The material consists of two layers: an inner layer, which is in contact with the human body at various contact points, formed from predominantly hydrophobic fiber threads, and an outer layer formed from predominantly hydrophilic fiber threads. To ensure the conditions necessary for good moisture transfer, the patent definition provides for preliminary chemical modification of natural or chemical fiber threads or yarns to impart hydrophilicity - hydrophobicity, as well as a special final finish of the material. The technical solution described in the patent illustrates the fact that by imparting hydrophobic properties to natural (natural) fiber threads, it is possible to produce materials with good moisture transport ability that do not contain synthetic fibers. The moisture transport properties presented in the patent are determined according to the AATCC 195:2012 standard.

A well-known technical solution is “Composite material for sports knitted T-shirts” (patent US 5312667, D03D11/00), which describes a layered structure of knitted material obtained by plaiting (including plaited lining and plush) weaving, where each loop consists of 2-3 threads arranged one above the other. The inner layer, located next to the body, is made of threads of polyester or polyamide fibers that transport moisture well. The outer layer of the knit may contain at least 35% of moisture-absorbing hydrophilic (e.g. cotton, wool, viscose) fibers. The patent definition indicates that the inner layer may constitute 40-5-70%, and the outer - 30+60% of the surface density of the knit. To improve the resistance to pilling and pilling, the outer layer of the knit is treated with polyurethane.

The closest known technical solution for a knit fabric with good moisture transport is described in the US patent “Knitted fabric for clothing” (US 4733546, D04B1/16). According to the definition, the described multilayer knit fabric consists of at least 2 layers of hydrophobic fiber yarns - the first (inner, in contact with the human body) and the second (outer). The thickness of the elementary fiber of these yarns can be: 0.444+0.666 tex in the inner and 0.111+0.222 tex in each subsequent layer or 0.111+0.278 tex in each subsequent layer, without limiting the thickness of the elementary fiber of the inner layer. The knits described in the patent can be formed using yarns of hydrophobic synthetic (polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile) fibers. To implement the presented technical solution, the patent definition specifies knitted fabrics of plated plain weave, pressed weave, interlock weave, etc. weaves. The densities of both sides of the two-layer knit fabrics of the aforementioned weaves are the same, therefore the conditions for moisture transport to the outside are ensured only due to the differences in the thickness of the elementary fibers used. The assessment of the level of transport of liquid applied to the inner side of the material presented in the patent was made only based on photographic images of wetted areas of various sizes on different sides of the material. The patent definition does not regulate the indicators of the resistance of knitted fabrics to pilling and pilling, which are especially relevant during the wear of products made of these materials.

The purpose of this patented invention is to provide a technical solution - a new structural variant of a two-layer knitted material (including weaving and combinations of fibers with special properties used in separate layers) intended for body-worn active physical activity products, which transports moisture well to the outside, manufactured by conventional interlock or by shifting one of the needles of an elastic transverse knitting machine and applying only traditional finishing processes. The conditions for good moisture transport of the knit are ensured by linking the properties of a specific weave and the fibers used. The properties and structure of the fiber combinations used ensure good resistance of the outer surface of the knit to pilling and pilling.

The patented moisture-transporting two-layer knitted material is made by combined interlock weaving with cross-knitting. Its inner layer, which is in contact with the body, is made of hydrophobic fiber filaments or yarns that effectively transport moisture away from the body, with an elementary fiber thickness of 0.20.5 tex. The outer layer is made of hydrophobic fiber filaments or yarns with an elementary fiber thickness of 0.2-0.5 tex, and hydrophilic fiber filaments or yarns. This layer can also be made of hydrophobic fiber filaments or yarns with a larger elementary fiber thickness (0.2-0.5 tex) and a smaller elementary fiber thickness (0.03-0.111 tex). The vertical density of the inner layer is half that of the outer layer. The outer layer's loops, knitted from two different fibers, are arranged in a checkerboard pattern.

The ratio of the thicknesses of the hydrophobic fibers of higher and lower longitudinal density forming the outer layer of the knit must be at least 1.8:1.

The double denser outer layer is formed by two-needle interlock or by changing the needle arrangement of the elastic cross-stitch knitting machine with cylinder or front needle needles. The double rarer inner layer is formed by disc or back needle needles. The double denser outer layer can also be formed by two-needle interlock or by changing the needle arrangement of the elastic cross-stitch knitting machine with disc or back needle needles, and the double rarer inner layer is formed by cylinder or front needle needles.

The surface density of the patented material is 120-240 g/m ² , the cumulative one-way moisture transport index is greater than 100 percent (good, very good or higher level). The total moisture transport capacity is greater than 0.4 (good, very good or higher level). The resistance to pilling and pilling is not lower than grade 4-5.

The patented material is produced as follows:

The material is produced using a cross-knitting method that does not require special machines, i.e. the combined interlock weave rapport is formed on a regular interlock or, after changing the needle arrangement, on an elastic knitting machine with two-position needles on both needles. When knitting, threads or yarns with the required properties are laid on the needles of the knitting machine in four knitting systems (Fig. 1 or Fig. 2). When knitting in this way, the vertical density of the inner layer of the material is obtained twice as low as that of the outer one. The longer loops of the inner layer 1 (Fig. 3a, 3c) form a kind of “porous” support surface, which is formed only from filament threads or yarns of a hydrophobic fiber that effectively transports moisture from the body. The denser outer layer 2 (Fig. 3b, 3c), which has twice the number of loop rows, is formed by staggered loops of two different fibers. The 2 loops of the outer layer are formed in two ways (Fig. 3b, 3c):

from filament yarns or yarns of hydrophobic fibres (forming loops in layer 1 as well) and filament yarns or yarns of hydrophilic fibres;

made of hydrophobic filament yarns or yarns of larger (forming loops in layer 1 as well) and smaller elementary fiber thickness.

In both cases, the surface area of the knitted inner layer of this structure is significantly smaller than that of the outer layer, primarily due to the larger gaps between the knitted structure elements of this layer. When using filament yarns or yarns of thinner elementary fibers in the outer layer, the difference in surface areas of both layers increases additionally due to the smaller gaps between the elementary fiber filaments or hairs. After knitting, this material is finished, during which only traditional finishing processes are applied (washing, bleaching or dyeing, drying-stabilization), in accordance with the usual technological regimes suitable for the selected fibrous material composition.

The invention is illustrated by the drawings:

Fig. 1. Scheme of laying of combined interlock weave threads I; Fig. 2. Scheme of laying of combined interlock weave threads II;

Fig. 3. Schematic of the structure of a two-layer knitted fabric: inner side (a), outer side (b), cross-section in the longitudinal direction (c);

Fig. 4. Summary view of the moisture transport index evaluation indices for knitted fabric sample No. 1;

Fig. 5. Summary view of the moisture transport index evaluation indices for knitted fabric sample No. 2;

Fig. 6. Summary view of the moisture transport index evaluation indices for knitted fabric sample No. 3;

Fig. 7. Summary view of the moisture transport index evaluation indices for knitted fabric sample No. 4;

Fig. 1. Represents one of the most suitable embodiments of the invention, in which, according to the presented combined interlock knitting yarn laying scheme, the twice denser - outer - layer of the knit (technically - the right side) is formed with cylinder or front needle needles.

Fig. 2. Represents one of the most suitable embodiments of the invention, in which, according to the presented combined interlock knitting yarn laying scheme, the twice as dense - outer - layer of the knit (technically - the right side) is formed with disk or back needle needles.

Fig. 1, Fig. 2 shows that in the first and third knitting systems, the filament yarns or yarns of the hydrophobic fiber are laid on every other needle of both needles, forming the E1 and E3 knitting rapport rows, i.e. the loops of this yarn are formed on both sides of the double-layer knit. In the second and fourth knitting systems, the filament yarns or yarns of the hydrophilic fiber or filament yarns or yarns of a smaller thickness than the elementary hydrophobic fiber in the E1 and E3 rows are laid on every other cylinder or front needle (a) or disc or rear needle (b) needle, forming the E2 and E4 knitting rapport rows, i.e. the loops of this yarn are formed only on one side of the double-layer knit (technically - on the right).

Fig. 3. Represents two preferred embodiments of the invention, in which, according to the provided diagrams of the inner side (a), the outer side (b) and the cross-section in the longitudinal direction (c) of a two-layer knitwear, the arrangement of loops formed from filament yarns or yarns of different fibers and geometric properties is shown in the inner, in contact with human skin, (1), and outer (2) layers, where B is the height of the row of loops.

The first version of the knitted structure:

□ a knitted loop made of filament yarns or yarns of hydrophobic fiber;

| a knitted loop made of hydrophilic fiber yarn or filament yarn;

The second version of the knitted structure:

□ a knitted loop made of higher longitudinal density (thicker) filaments/hairs of hydrophobic fiber filament yarns or yarns;

H-knit loop, made up of lower longitudinal density (thinner) filaments/hairs of hydrophobic fiber filament yarns or yarns.

Fig. 4. A summary of the moisture transport index evaluation indices (Tables 1 and 3) for knitted fabric sample No. 1 (Table 2) is shown, according to which the knitted fabric is classified as a “moisture transporting” material using the MMT M290 device (SDL Atlas, USA).

Fig. 5. A summary of the moisture transport index evaluation indices (Tables 1 and 3) for knitted fabric sample No. 2 (Table 2) is shown, according to which the knitted fabric is classified as a “moisture transporting” material using the MMT M290 device (SDL Atlas, USA).

Fig. 6. A summary of the moisture transport index evaluation indices (Tables 1 and 3) of knitted fabric sample No. 3 (Table 2) is shown, according to which the knitted fabric is classified as a “moisture transporting” material using the MMT M290 device (SDL Atlas, USA).

Fig. 7. A summary of the moisture transport index evaluation indices (Tables 1 and 3) of knitted fabric sample No. 4 (Table 2) is shown, according to which the knitted fabric is classified as a “moisture transporting” material using the MMT M290 device (SDL Atlas, USA).

Conventional designations of drawings (Fig. 4-7) according to Table 3:

□JZ1 - moisture transport indicators evaluation indices;

Moisture transport indicators (Figures 4, 5, 6, 7; Table 3):

I - wetting time in the inner layer of the knitted fabric WTr, s;

II - absorption level in the inner layer of the knit ARt, %/s;

III - the largest wetting area in the inner layer of the knit MWRt, mm;

IV - moisture diffusion rate in the inner layer of the knitted fabric SSt, mm/s;

V - wetting time in the outer layer of the knitted fabric WTb, s;

VI - absorption level in the outer layer of the knitted fabric ARb, %/s;

VII - the largest wetting area in the outer layer of the knitted fabric MWRb, mm;

VIII- moisture diffusion rate in the outer layer of the knitted fabric SSb, mm/s;

IX - cumulative one-way moisture transport index R, %;

X - total moisture transport capacity (GMTC).

The invention is illustrated by examples:

Example. Hydrophobic thicker (0.23 tex) elementary polyester fiber 8.3 tex filament textured yarns are laid in the first and third knitting machine systems on both needle needles and form rows E1 and E3 (Fig. 1). Loops of these yarns are formed on every second needle in both the inner and outer layers of the knit. Hydrophobic thinner (0.058 tex) elementary polyester fiber 8.3 tex filament textured yarns are laid in the second and fourth knitting systems only on the cylinder or front needle needles and form rows E2 and E4. Loops of these yarns are formed on every second needle only in one - twice as dense outer layer of the knit.

Example. Hydrophobic thicker (0.23 tex) elementary polyester fiber 8.3 tex filament textured yarns are laid in the first and third knitting machine systems on both needle needles and form rows E1 and E3 (Fig. 1). Loops of these yarns on every second needle are formed in both the inner and outer layers of the knit. Hydrophobic thinner (0.10 tex) elementary polyester fiber 11.1 tex filament textured yarns are laid in the second and fourth knitting systems only on the cylinder or front needle needles and form rows E2 and E4. Loops of these yarns on every second needle are formed in only one - twice as dense outer layer of the knit.

Example. 8.3 tex filament textured yarns of hydrophobic 0.23 tex elementary polyester fiber are laid in the first and third systems of the knitting machine on both needle needles and form rows E1 and E3 (Fig. 1). Loops of these yarns on every second needle are formed in both the inner and outer layers of the knit. 16.4 tex yarns of hydrophilic lyocell fiber are laid in the second and fourth knitting systems only on the cylinder or front needle needles and form rows E2 and E4. Loops of hydrophilic fiber yarns on every second needle are formed in only one - twice as dense outer - layer of the knit.

Example. 5.6 tex filament textured yarns of hydrophobic 0.31 tex elementary polyester fiber are laid in the first and third systems of the knitting machine on both needle needles and form rows E1 and E3 (Fig. 1). The loops of these yarns on every second needle are formed in both the inner and outer layers of the knit. 16.4 tex yarns of hydrophilic lyocell fiber are laid in the second and fourth knitting systems only on the cylinder or front needle needles and form rows E2 and E4. The loops of these yarns on every second needle are formed in only one - twice as dense outer layer of the knit.

The filling data of these 4 samples and the main physical and mechanical characteristics of the refined knitted materials are presented in Table 2.

Table 28E class machine filling data for interlock combined weave knitwear and main characteristics of the refined materials

Fig. No. Raw material, linear density, tex Rows in knitting rapport '(Fig. 1, Filament/Yarn percentage composition in knitwear Knit density, 1/10 cm (LST EN 14971) Surface density, g/m ² (LST EN 12127) Resistance to pilling and pilling, grade (LST EN ISO 129451) 2) e, % Number of rows of loops (inner/outer layer), Pv Number of loops columns, Ph 1 Polyester (PET) filament textured yarn, 8.3; number of filaments - 36; filament linear density - 0.23 tex E1, E3 61 17/33 16 185 4-5 Polyester (PET) filament textured yarn, 8.3; thread count - 144, thread linear density - 0.058 tex E2, E4 39 2 Polyester (PET) filament textured yarn, 8.3; number of filaments - 36; filament linear density - 0.23 tex E1, E3 57 17/34 17 204 5 Polyester (PET) filament textured yarn, 11.1; thread count - 108, thread linear density 0.10 tex E2, E4 43 3 Polyester (PET) filament textured yarn, 8.3; number of filaments - 36; filament linear density - 0.23 tex E1, E3 44 14/28 18 200 5 Lyocell (CLY) yarn, 16.4 E2, E4 56 4 Polyester (PET) filament textured yarn, 5.6; number of filaments - 18; filament linear density - 0.31 tex E1, E3 30 14/28 19 210 5 Lyocell (CLY) yarn, 16.4 E2, E4 70

The table presents the average values of the moisture transport indicators of 4 samples of the patented material and the assessment of the level of each indicator according to the methodology specified in Table 1.

Table 1. Average values and levels for estimating moisture transport indicators for samples

Indicator Name Values (according to AATCC 195:2012) Picture No. 1 Picture No. 2 Fig. No. 3 Fig. No. 4 Wetting time WT _t /WTb, s (top/bottom) 5.2042/4.268 (Average/Fast) 4.4558/3.8378 (Fast/Fast) 4.2684/16.5144 (Fast/Medium) 4.2122/3.9124 (Fast/Fast) Absorption rate ARt/AR _b , %/s (top/bottom) 28.5427/37.6836 (Slow/Medium) 26.306/35.1616 (Slow/Medium) 45.7428/62.3578 (Medium/Fast) 36.9676/42.7966 (Mean/Mean) Maximum wetting area MWR _t /MWRb, mm (top/bottom) 13/20 (Medium/High) 15/20 (Medium/High) 20/21 (Large/Large) 15/20 (Medium/High) Moisture spreading velocity SSt/SSb, mm/s (top/bottom) 1.8955/3.4806 (Slow/Fast) 2.2862/3.5996 (Medium/Fast) 3.8953/4.8159 (Fast/Fast) 2.327/2.8169 (Mean/Mean) Cumulative one-way moisture transport index R, % 236.4681 (Very good) 208.8279 (Very good) 300.9251 (Very good) 180.3026 (Good) Total Moisture Transport Capacity (TMTC) 0.6019 (Very good) 0.5741 (Good) 0.7343 (Very good) 0.4984 (Good)

According to the obtained summary data of the moisture transport index evaluation indices specified in Tables 1 and 3 (Fig.4, Fig.5, Fig.6, Fig.7), all 4 knits of the new structure are classified as “moisture transporting” materials according to the AATCC 195:2012 standard. Moisture transported from the body through the inner (having a smaller surface area) layer of the patented material is distributed in the outer layer having a larger surface area, from which it is effectively removed to the environment. The goal is achieved thanks to the structure of the knitted material (specific weave and appropriately incorporated filaments or yarns of fibers with different properties). The structural features also ensure good resistance to pilling and pilling of the material surface.

Claims (4)

DEFINITION 1. A moisture-wicking, two-layer knit fabric made from a combination of interlaced weave with a cross-knit structure, characterized in that its inner contacting layer is made up of filament yarn or yarn of a hydrophobic fiber effectively transferring moisture from the body to an elemental fiber thickness of 0.2- 0.5 tex and the outer layer is of hydrophobic filament yarn or yarn of a thickness of 0.2 to 0.5 tex and of a hydrophilic filament yarn or of a larger elementary fiber thickness (0.2 to 0 , 5 tex) and less (0.03-0.111 tex) of filament yarn or yarn of hydrophobic filament thickness, the inner layer having a vertical density twice that of the outer layer, and the outer layer of two different fibers being chess arranged . 2. The sweater according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the hydrophobic fibers of higher and lower longitudinal density forming the outer knit layer is at least 1.8: 1. 3. A knit according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said double-layer outer layer is formed by two needle interlacing or changing needle placement with a cylindrical or front needle of a transverse transverse knitting machine, and a double-density inner layer with disk or rear needle or double density. the outer layer is made up of two needle interleaved or modified needle layouts with a disc or back needle needle of a transverse transverse knitting machine, and the twice rarer inner layer is made up of cylindrical or front needle needles. A sweater according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it has a surface density of 120 to 240 g / m ² , a cumulative one-way moisture transport index of greater than 100 percent (good, very good or higher), overall. Moisture transport capacity greater than 0.4 (good, very good or higher) and Pumper and Budding resistance not less than 4-5 degrees.