LT6364B - Double layer moisture management knitted fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to textile industry, more precisely, it belongs to the group of knitted fabrics which have a good moisture transporting from the body outside properties. The fabric is made by using a combined interlock pattern and weft knitting method. The inner layer which is touching the skin is formed applying hydrophobic fiber filament or spun yarns, while the outer layer is made of hydrophobic and hydrophilic fiber filament or spun yarns. The outer layer can also be constructed of hydrophobic higher and lower elementary thickness of fiber filament or spun yarns. The vertical density of the inner layer is twice smaller than the outer layer density. Surface density of the fabric is 120-240 g/m2. The one-way moisture transport capability index and overall moisture management capability are either of a good, very good or higher level. The degree of surface resistance to fuzzing and to pilling - not lower than 4-5.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the textile industry, namely, a group of sweaters having good moisture transport properties from the outside to the outside of the body.

Depending on the degree of physical activity, the amount of perspiration produced by the human body can reach 2000-45000 g per day. When a garment worn close to the body is saturated with perspiration, the wearer will feel discomfort - an unpleasant feeling of stickiness and dampness. To ensure thermophysiological comfort of wearing, creating and maintaining a comfortable microclimate on the body surface, the moisture released (sweat in a vapor or liquid state) must be effectively transported to the outside of the wearing garment, keeping the body dry. Therefore, moisture transport properties are a critical factor in ensuring the functionality of skin-contact garments that are designed for high activity levels.

The moisture transport properties of layered textiles depend on the fibrous composition of the raw materials used, the geometrical properties of the fibers, the yarns or yarns, the structure of the material and its characteristics. Textiles with good moisture transport properties usually consist of at least two layers. The main requirement for the inner layer, which is in contact with human skin, is to absorb and transfer moisture well outside. The outer layer of the material must effectively distribute the moisture so that it evaporates quickly into the environment.

Depending on the physiology and level of physical activity there are two forms of sweating: sweat vapor and sweat drops (fluid). Water vapor permeability, water vapor permeability, and water vapor permeability index are used to determine and describe the water vapor transport rate through the fabric. At maximum exercise (10001200W of energy is generated), as a rule, the moisture released by the body is in a liquid state. In this case, AATCC 195: 2012 [AATCC Continuing Method 195: 2012] provides a more appropriate methodology for determining and assessing the transport properties of moisture (sweat drops). Liquid Moisture Management Properties of Textile Fabrics]. According to the standard, artificial sweat (distilled water with sodium chloride) is applied to the side of the material that will contact the body when worn. The total duration of the study is 120 s. A drop of applied artificial sweat spreads on the material under study in three directions: spreads on the inside of the material (which comes into contact with the skin when worn); is absorbed through the material; the permeable liquid is spread on the outer side of the material.

According to AATCC 195: 2012, the following parameters are defined to describe the properties of moisture transport: wetting time, maximum absorption level, maximum wetting area, moisture transfer rate, cumulative one-way moisture transport index, and total moisture transport capacity. The parameters used to describe the moisture transport properties and their levels are given in Table 1. Indicators are determined using a standard MMT M290 (SDL Atlas, USA).

table. Moisture transport indicator levels

Degree (index) Indicator 1 3 4 5 Wetting time WT, s Top (WT _T ) > 120 Do not wet 20-119 Slow 5-19 Moderate 2-5 Fast <3 Very much fast Bottom (WT _B ) > 120 Do not wet 20-119 Slow 5-19 Moderate 2-5 Fast <3 Very much fast Absorption rate AR,% / s Top (AR _T ) 0-10 Very slow 10-30 Slow 30-50 Moderate 50-100 Fast > 100 Very much fast Bottom (AR _B ) 0-10 Very slow 10-30 Slow 30-50 Moderate 50-100 Fast > 100 Very much fast Maximum wetting area MWR, mm Top (MWR _T ) 0-7 It does not get wet 7-12 Small 12-17 Moderate 17-22 Big > 22 Extra large Bottom (MVVRb) 0-7 It does not get wet 7-12 Small 12-17 Moderate 17-22 Big > 22 Extra large Moisture dissipation rate SS, m m / s Top (SS _T ) 0-1 Very slow 1-2 Slow 2-3 Moderate 3-4 Fast > 4 Very much fast Bottom (SS _B ) 0-1 Very slow 1-2 Slow 2-3 Moderate 3-4 Fast > 4 Very much fast Cumulative one-way moisture transport index R,% <-50 Very much bad -50 - 100 Poor 100-200 Good 200-400 Very much good > 400 Great Overall moisture transport capacity (BDTG) 0-0.2 Very much bad 0.2-0.4 Bad 0.4-0.6 Good 0.6-0.8 Very much good > 0.8 Great

Using a grading scale (1 to 5) (Table 1), the materials are divided into:

waterproof;

water repellent;

slow-absorbing and slow-drying;

absorbent and slow-drying;

fast absorbing and fast drying;

easily water-permeable;

moisture-transporting materials.

There is a known technical solution "Composite Textile Fabric that Can Convey Moisture" (U.S. Pat. No. 6,432,504 B1; D03D11 / 00), which describes the structure of a layered fluff fabric made entirely of synthetic fibers that transports well moisture from the human body to the outside. The inner layer of the material near the body is made up of thicker (^ 0.33 tex) and the next outer layer is made of thinner (0.011 + 0.111 tex) filament yarns. The microfiber yarns used in the outer layer of the knit may have a pronounced tendency to pile and bud. The patent specification does not specify the specific weave, surface texture, densities, surface density.

Known technical solution "Manufacturing Methods for Preparing Humidity Conveying Textiles" (US 7407514 B2, D06M10 / 00), which describes the structure of a well-moisture woven / knit fabric. The material is made up of two layers: the inner, the various points of contact with the human body formed by the predominantly hydrophobic filament yarn, and the outer, formed by the predominantly hydrophilic fiber filament. In order to ensure the conditions required for good moisture transfer, the patent definition provides for a chemical modification of the hydrophilicity - hydrophobicity of the yarn or yarn of natural or man-made fibers, as well as a special finishing of the material. The technical solution described in the patent illustrates that the hydrophobic properties of natural (natural) filament yarns make it possible to produce materials with good moisture transport capacity without the use of synthetic fibers. The moisture transport properties of the patent are based on AATCC 195: 2012.

Known technical solution "Composite fabric for sports jerseys" (US Patent No. 5,312,667, D03D11 / 00), which describes a layered structure of a knit fabric obtained by pleated (including pleated lined and pleated) weaving, each loop consisting of 2-3 over one another spun yarns. The inner layer near the body is made of high-moisture-wicking polyester or polyamide fibers. The outer layer of the knit may contain at least 35% moisture-absorbing hydrophilic fibers (eg cotton, wool, viscose). The patent specification states that the inner layer may comprise 40-5-70% and the outer layer 30 + 60% of the knot surface density. The outer layer of the knot is treated with polyurethane to improve puff and bud resistance.

The closest known technical solution for a highly moisture-wicking sweater is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,733,546, D04B1 / 16. By definition, a multilayer knit fabric described is made up of at least 2 layers of hydrophobic filament yarn, the first (inner, in contact with the human body) and the second (outer). The thickness of the elementary fiber of these yarns may be: 0,444 + 0,666 tex in the inner layer and 0,111 + 0,222 tex in each successive layer or 0,111 + 0,278 tex in each of the following layers, without prejudice to the thickness of the inner layer of the elementary fiber. The knots described in the patent may be formed using threads of hydrophobic synthetic fibers (polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile). For the purpose of implementing the technical solution provided, the patent specification refers to a plateau, press bar, interlock, etc. knitwear. The density of the two layers of the two-layer knitwear mentioned above is the same, so the conditions of moisture transport to the outside are ensured only by the differences in the thickness of the elementary fibers used. The patent provides an estimate of the transport level of the liquid applied to the inner side of the material only on the basis of photographic images of wetted areas of various sizes on different sides of the material. The patent definition does not regulate the performance of knitwear in terms of pile and bud resistance, which is particularly relevant when wearing articles made of such materials.

The purpose of this patentable invention is to provide a technical solution for a new structure structure (including weaving and combinations of special properties fibers in separate layers) of a high-moisture-wicking, two-layer knit fabric for body-worn active physical activity products, made by conventional interlocking or using a transverse knitting machine and using only traditional finishing processes. The conditions for good moisture transport in the knit are ensured by linking the properties of the particular weave and the fibers used. The properties and structure of the fiber combinations used ensure that the outer surface of the knit has good resistance to pitting and budding.

Patented moisture-wicking two-layer knit fabric made of interlaced interlaced weave. Its inner layer, which comes into contact with the body, is made of a filament yarn or yarn of 0.20,5 tex elemental thickness which is effectively hydrophobic fibers transferring moisture from the body. The outer layer is composed of a filament yarn or yarn of hydrophobic fiber having a core thickness of 0.2 to 0.5 tex and a filament yarn or yarn of hydrophilic fiber. This layer may also be comprised of a filament yarn or yarn of higher elemental fiber thickness (0.2-0.5 tex) and less elemental fiber thickness (0.03-0.111 tex). The vertical density of the inner layer is twice that of the outer layer. The loops of the outer layer of two different fibers are arranged in chess.

The ratio of the thicknesses of the hydrophobic fibers of the outer layer to the higher and lower longitudinal density shall be not less than 1.8: 1.

The double density outer layer is formed by two needle interlining or by changing the needle placement with the cylindrical or front needle needle of the transverse knitting machine. Twice as rarely the inner layer is made up of disk or back needle needles. The twice-dense outer layer may also be formed by two-needle interleaved or needle-lacing needle disk or trailing needle needles on a cross-section knitting machine, and a double-less inner layer by cylindrical or front needle needles.

The patented material has a surface density of 120-240 g / m ² and a cumulative one-sided moisture transport index of more than 100 percent (good, very good or higher). The total moisture transfer capacity is greater than 0.4 (good, very good or higher). The resistance to fluffiness and budding is at least 4-5 degrees.

The patentable material is produced as follows:

The material is produced by a method of transverse knitting that does not require special machines, i.e. a combined interlaced weave report is made on a conventional interlaced or needle-lacing knitting machine with both needles in a two-position needle. For knitting, the yarn or yarn is sewn onto the needles of the knitting machine in four knitting systems (Fig. 1 or Fig. 2). This way, the vertical density of the inner layer of the material is twice that of the outer layer. The longer loops of the inner layer 1 (Figs. 3a, 3c) form a kind of "porous" support surface, which is made up of filaments or yarns of hydrophobic fibers which effectively transfer moisture from the body. The thicker outer layer 2 (Figs. 3b, 3c), having twice the number of loops, is formed by chess pieces of two different fibers. The outer layer 2 loops are formed in two ways (Fig. 3b, 3c):

a hydrophobic filament yarn or yarn (forming loops in layer 1) and a hydrophilic filament yarn or yarn;

from hydrophobic filaments of yarns of a larger (forming loops and layer 1) and of a lower elemental fiber thickness.

In both cases, the surface area of the inner layer of the knit structure of this structure is significantly smaller than that of the outer layer, in particular because of the greater spacing between the elements of the structure of this layer. When using thin filament yarn or yarn in the outer layer, the difference in surface area between the two layers is further increased due to the smaller spacing between the filaments or the filament. The knitting is followed by a finishing of this material, which is carried out using only traditional finishing processes (washing, bleaching or dyeing, drying-stabilization) in accordance with the usual technological regimes appropriate to the fiber composition chosen.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings:

FIG. 1. Diagram I of combined interlaced weave yarns; FIG. 2. Schematic layout II of combined interlaced weave yarns;

FIG. 3. Diagram of the structure of a double-layered knit: inner side (a), outer side (b), in longitudinal direction (c);

FIG. 4. Knitted fabric sample No 1 view of a summary of the moisture transport index evaluation indexes;

FIG. 5. Knitted fabric sample no. 2 summary view of the moisture transport index evaluation indexes;

FIG. 6. Knitted fabric sample no. 3 summary view of the humidity transport index evaluation indexes;

FIG. 7. Knitted fabric sample no. 4 summary view of the Humidity Transport Indicators Evaluation Index;

FIG. 1. Embodiments one embodiment of the present invention, wherein according to the presented scheme of interlaced interlacing weaving, a double or thicker outer layer of the knit (technically the right side) is formed by the needles of a cylinder or a front needle.

FIG. 2. Embodiments of one embodiment of the present invention wherein, in accordance with the presented interlaced interlacing scheme, a double or denser outer layer of the knit (technically the right side) is formed by disc or back needle needles.

FIG. 1, FIG. The drawings in Fig. 2 show that in the first and third knitting systems, the filament yarn or yarn of a hydrophobic fiber is woven on every second row of both needles formed by the E1 and E3 knitting reports, i. the loops of this thread are formed on both sides of the double-layered knit. In the second and fourth knitting systems, the filament yarn or yarn of hydrophilic fiber or the filament yarn or yarn of less than E1 and E3 filament thickness is wound on every second cylinder or front needle (a) or disk or back needle (b) formed by E2 and E4 knitting report lines, ie the loops of this yarn are formed on one side of the double-layered knit (technically on the right).

FIG. 3. Shows two preferred embodiments of the invention, wherein the schematic diagrams of the inner side (a), outer side (b) and longitudinal cross section (c) of a double-layered knit are shown in an inner loop of yarns or yarns of different fibers and geometric properties. , in contact with human skin (1) and in outer layers (2), where B is the height of the loop of loops.

First variant of knit structure:

□ a knit loop consisting of filament yarn or yarn of hydrophobic fiber;

| a knit loop consisting of yarn or filament yarn of hydrophilic fibers;

Second variant of knit structure:

□ a knit loop consisting of yarns or yarns of a higher density (thicker) filament / hair hydrophobic fiber;

H-knot loop made of yarns or yarns of hydrophobic fiber having a lower elastic density (thinner) / filaments.

FIG. 4. Knitted fabric sample no. Fig. 1 (Table 2) is a summary of the moisture transport index evaluation indices (Tables 1 and 3) that classify the MMT M290 (SDL Atlas, USA) as a "moisture transport" material.

FIG. 5. Knitted fabric sample no. 2 (Table 2) is a summary of the moisture transport index evaluation indices (Tables 1 and 3) that classify the MMT M290 (SDL Atlas, USA) as a "moisture transporting" material.

FIG. 6. Illustrated sweater pattern no. Figure 3 (Table 2) is a summary of the moisture transport index evaluation indices (Tables 1 and 3) that classify the MMT M290 (SDL Atlas, USA) as a "moisture transporting" material.

FIG. 7. Knitted fabric sample no. Fig. 4 (Table 2) is a summary of the moisture transport index evaluation indices (Tables 1 and 3) that classify the MMT M290 (SDL Atlas, USA) as a "moisture transporting" material.

The conventional designations of the drawings (Fig. 4-7) according to Table 3 are:

□ JZ1 - indices for assessment of moisture transport indices;

Moisture transport characteristics (Figures 4, 5, 6, 7; Table 3):

I is the wetting time of the inner layer of the knot WTr, s;

II - absorbance level in inner layer of knot ARt,% / s;

III is the maximum wetting area in the inner knot layer MWRt, mm;

IV - rate of moisture diffusion in the inner layer of the knot SSt, mm / s;

V is the wetting time in the outer layer of the knot WTb, s;

VI - absorbance level in outer layer of knot ARb,% / s;

VII is the maximum wetting area in the outer knot layer MWRb, mm;

VIII- rate of moisture diffusion in outer layer of knot SSb, mm / s;

IX - cumulative one-way moisture transport index R,%;

X is the total moisture transport capacity (BDTG).

The invention is illustrated by the following examples:

example. Hydrophobic thicker (0.23 tex) elemental polyester fiber 8.3 tex filament textured yarns are wound on the first and third knitting machine systems on both needles and form rows E1 and E3 (Fig. 1). The loops of these yarns are formed on every second needle in both the inner and outer layers of the knit. The 8,3 tex filament textured yarns of the hydrophobic thinner (0,058 tex) elemental polyester fiber are woven in the second and fourth knitting systems only on the cylinder or front needle and form the E2 and E4 rows. The loops of these yarns are formed on every second needle in only one to twice the outer layer of the knit.

example. Hydrophobic thicker (0.23 tex) elemental polyester fiber 8.3 tex filament textured yarns are wound on the first and third knitting machine systems on both needles and form rows E1 and E3 (Fig. 1). These yarns have loops on every second needle in both the inner and outer layers of the knit. Hydrophobic thinner (0.10 tex) elemental polyester fiber 11.1 tex filament textured yarns in the second and fourth knitting systems form only rows E2 and E4 on the needle of the cylinder or front needle. These yarns have loops on every other needle in just one to twice the outer layer of the knit.

example. The 8,3 tex filament textured yarn of a hydrophobic 0.23 tex elemental polyester fiber is woven on the first and third knitting machine systems on both needles and forms rows E1 and E3 (Fig. 1). These yarns have loops on every second needle in both the inner and outer layers of the knit. The 16.4 tex yarn of hydrophilic lacocell fiber is woven in the second and fourth knitting systems, forming only rows E2 and E4 on the needle of the cylinder or front needle. The loops of the hydrophilic fiber yarn on each other needle consist of only one - twice the density of the outer - knit layer.

example. Hydrophobic 0.31 tex elemental polyester fiber 5.6 tex filament textured yarns are woven in the first and third knitting machine systems on both needles and form rows E1 and E3 (Fig. 1). These yarns have loops on every second needle in both the inner and outer layers of the knit. The 16.4 tex yarn of hydrophilic lacocell fiber is woven into the second and fourth knitting systems, forming only rows E2 and E4 on the needle of the cylinder or front needle. This yarn has loops on every other needle in just one to twice the outer layer of the knit.

The patching data and basic physical-mechanical characteristics of the knitted fabrics for these 4 examples are given in Table 2.

table. Interlacing Combined Weave Knitwear Class 28E Machine Fill Data and Key Characteristics

Fig. No. Raw material, linear density, tex Rows weave o reports '(Fig. 1, Threading thread / yarn percent composition knitwear Density of knit, 1/10 cm (LST EN 14971) Surface Density, g / m ² (LST EN 12127) Degree of resistance to puffiness and budding (LST EN ISO 129451) 2) e,% Loop lines number (internal / external layer), Pv Loop columns number, Ph 1 Polyester (PET) filament textured yarn, 8.3; number of threads - 36; The filament has a linear density of 0.23 tex E1, E3 61 17/33 16th 185 4-5 Polyester (PET) filament textured yarn, 8.3; the number of filaments is 144 and the filament has a linear density of 0.058 tex E2, E4 39 2 Polyester (PET) filament textured yarn, 8.3; number of threads - 36; The filament has a linear density of 0.23 tex E1, E3 57 17/34 17th 204 5 Polyester (PET) filament textured yarn, 11.1; the number of filaments is 108 and the filament has a length density of 0.10 tex E2, E4 43 3 Polyester (PET) filament textured yarn, 8.3; number of threads - 36; The filament has a linear density of 0.23 tex E1, E3 44 14/28 18th 200 5 Lajocel (CLY) Yarn, 16.4 E2, E4 56 4 Polyester (PET) filament textured yarn, 5,6; number of filaments - 18; filament longitudinal density 0.31 tex E1, E3 30th 14/28 19th 210 5 Lajocel (CLY) Yarn, 16.4 E2, E4 70

Table 4 shows the average values of the moisture transport indices for each of the 4 examples of proprietary material and the evaluation of each indicator level according to the methodology in Table 1.

table. Mean values and levels of estimation of sample moisture transport rates

Indicator name Meanings (according to AATCC 195: 2012) Fig. No. 1 Fig. No. 2 Fig. N r. 3 Fig. No. 4 Wet time WT _t / WTb, s (top / bottom) 5,2042 / 4,268 (Medium / Fast) 4,4558 / 3.8378 (Fast / Fast) 4.2684 / 16.5144 (Fast / Medium) 4.2122 / 3.9124 (Fast / Fast) Absorption level ARt / AR _b ,% / s (top / bottom) 28.5427 / 37.6836 (Slow / Medium) 26,306 / 35,1616 (Slow / Medium) 45.7428 / 62.3578 (Medium / Fast) 36.9676 / 42.7966 (Average / Average) Maximum wetting area MWR _t / MWRb, mm (top / bottom) 13/20 (Medium / High) 15/20 (Medium / High) 20/21 (Large / Large) 15/20 (Medium / High) Humidity spreading speed SSt / SSb, mm / s (top / bottom) 1.8955 / 3.4806 (Slow / Fast) 2.2862 / 3.5996 (Medium / Fast) 3.8953 / 4.8159 (Fast / Fast) 2.327 / 2.8169 (Average / Average) Cumulative one-way moisture transport index R,% 236.4668 (Very good) 208,8279 (Very good) 300.9251 (Very good) 180.3026 (Good) Overall moisture transport capacity (BDTG) 0.6019 (Very good) 0.5741 (Good) 0.7343 (Very good) 0.4984 (Good)

According to the obtained summary data of the moisture transport indices evaluation indices shown in Tables 1 and 3 (Fig.4, Fig.5, Fig.6, Fig.7), all 4 structures of the new structure are classified as "moisture transporting" substances according to AATCC 195: 2012 . The moisture transferred from the body through the inner layer (with a smaller surface area) of the patented material is distributed to the outer layer with the larger surface area, which is effectively removed to the environment. This is accomplished by the structure of the knit fabric (a specific weave and the proper composition of filament yarn or yarn of different qualities). The structure features also ensure good pitting and budding properties of the material surface.

Claims (4)

DEFINITION 1. A moisture-wicking, two-layer knit fabric made from a combination of interlaced weave with a cross-knit structure, characterized in that its inner contacting layer is made up of filament yarn or yarn of a hydrophobic fiber effectively transferring moisture from the body to an elemental fiber thickness of 0.2- 0.5 tex and the outer layer is of hydrophobic filament yarn or yarn of a thickness of 0.2 to 0.5 tex and of a hydrophilic filament yarn or of a larger elementary fiber thickness (0.2 to 0 , 5 tex) and less (0.03-0.111 tex) of filament yarn or yarn of hydrophobic filament thickness, the inner layer having a vertical density twice that of the outer layer, and the outer layer of two different fibers being chess arranged . 2. The sweater according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the hydrophobic fibers of higher and lower longitudinal density forming the outer knit layer is at least 1.8: 1. 3. A knit according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said double-layer outer layer is formed by two needle interlacing or changing needle placement with a cylindrical or front needle of a transverse transverse knitting machine, and a double-density inner layer with disk or rear needle or double density. the outer layer is made up of two needle interleaved or modified needle layouts with a disc or back needle needle of a transverse transverse knitting machine, and the twice rarer inner layer is made up of cylindrical or front needle needles. A sweater according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it has a surface density of 120 to 240 g / m ² , a cumulative one-way moisture transport index of greater than 100 percent (good, very good or higher), overall. Moisture transport capacity greater than 0.4 (good, very good or higher) and Pumper and Budding resistance not less than 4-5 degrees.