LT6097B - Residual insert for forming cavities in concrete - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the manufacture of reinforced concrete structures and buildings, ceilings, roof slabs and other concrete structures. Residual insert for forming hollows in the concrete, made of plastic, consisting of two thin-walled square truncated pyramid-shaped shell-type elements with rounded corners with an open base (1), in mirror style connected to one another with a lock legs (2, 3) protruding from the bottom of the elements and directed downwardly and upwardly. In the corners of elements and in edges of side surfaces are formed pilasters (4, 5), in the upper surface (bottom) parallel to edges are formed horizontal grooves (6.7), and in inner side of elements are placed stiffeners (8). Legs-locks divided into segments (12) with spacing for fixing reinforcement bars and in fixing place on the bottom are made grooves (13) and holes (14) concreting to remove the air from the bottom of formwork residual part.

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the manufacture of reinforced concrete ceilings or roofing slabs for buildings and buildings. It can also be used in other reinforced concrete structures.

The construction of an overlay slab (EP O 884 427), which can be manufactured on the construction site using hollow elements (hollow forms or concealed formwork) made of recycled plastic, which are laid in the concrete to be laid, is known. The hollow elements consist of a truncated pyramid container with an open base, inverted to the top and a closed flap, resting on the tapered conical details projecting vertically from the inside of the container and onto the edges of the form. The bottom of the container is fitted with legs that can be skipped between the reinforcing mesh bars. Perforated tongues are provided at the sides of the lid and container to secure them by screws or bolts. Lid-mounted, adequately colored protrusions for pipes, power cords, etc. attached to the container. Adjacent elements may be joined to one another by means of interconnecting plates or the like. This solution can be implemented on the construction site.

This solution requires a large number of separate parts and a large number of connecting elements for assembly. The shape of the structure is not rigid, so additional rigidity components are needed which complicate the solution. The angled edges pose a risk of stress concentration in the reinforced concrete structure, which reduces its reliability. Implementation of the solution requires large work resources and long preparation time, which increases the cost of the solution.

The known solution (EP 1207987) is known, in which the hollow element consists of two shells which are superimposed on one another and connected to each other by the corresponding assembling elements. The shells are interconnected by a tapered tapered portion extending vertically from the inside of the mold to the edges of the element. Crossing or parallel channels are provided at the bottom surface of the shell in two ways; at an angle through the diagonals of the element or perpendicular to the lateral surfaces of the element. In the first case, the elements have no vertical stiffeners, in the second, the shells are made with densely spaced, lateral, stiffeners. The lower and upper surfaces of each shell are equipped with detachable, plate-shaped, plastic reinforcement latches arranged in perpendicular directions as required. The hollow elements are joined by interlocking flat plastic latches, which are simultaneously adapted to fix additional reinforcement bars at the edges of the slab.

Like the previous one, this solution requires a large number of individual parts and a large number of connecting elements for assembly, both for the preparation of the individual hollow elements and for the installation of adjacent elements, thus requiring a long lead time and high labor costs. The shapes of the shells are very sophisticated and complicated to manufacture, which increases the cost of this solution. Disassembled, they take up a lot of space because they cannot be stacked for storage and transport. Fixing elements and fixtures to the elements is unreliable due to the large amount of dismantled plastic latches, which can lead to misalignment of hollow elements during preparation and installation as well as unloading, laying and compaction of concrete, which in turn puts construction quality, performance, safety and for reliability.

The closest solution of the present invention (WO 03/048471) differs from the foregoing in that it leaves an element known as a concealed plastic formwork, which is inserted between the lower and upper reinforcement webs of the slab and has an open bottom and legs. The hollow element has the shape of a cut-up pyramid with an upwardly sloping bottom, with pilasters made in the corners of the shape for rigidity, the upper surface of which is divided into sections with dense relief by two intersecting channels. Two ducts perpendicular to one another and to the sides of the surface can be used for engineering communications such as pipes or cables. The relief elements are designed to reinforce the top surface of the element and allow workers to walk safely on the slab during installation. In addition, they form corresponding support members which maintain the distance from the reinforcement bars to the surface of the element. The lower legs allow the required distance from the bottom of the element to the surface of the reinforced concrete slab, so that reinforcing bars can be arranged on the lower shelf of the reinforced concrete slab and provide various layers of concrete under the formwork.

A flat tongue is provided at each bottom edge of the plastic member, with a plurality of holes or pins for connection to the same tongue of the adjacent plastic member. Multiple openings allow you to adjust the distance between adjacent elements as needed to form the thickness of the concrete edge of various dimensions.

This solution is simpler than previously mentioned due to the reduced number of parts, but it has a number of fundamental disadvantages. In particular, the plastic in question is not sufficiently rigid due to the lateral pilasters and ducts on the upper surfaces, and the joining of the elements by flat plastic tongues does not ensure a reliable connection between them, which can cause mechanical damage and deformation of hollow elements not only during installation and compacting the concrete. The flat bottom makes it difficult for the concrete to get underneath the leaving plastic element when concreting the structure. As a result, poorly compacted concrete sections, caverns and even voids due to closed air cavities may remain in the underside of the slab. The irregularities in the upper surface of the element make it difficult for concrete to get between the formwork and the upper reinforcement mesh. The lower legs do not lock the plastic element in relation to the lower reinforcement mesh, so that concrete may not get between the element and the lower reinforcement mesh. In this way, reliable anti-corrosion protection of the working reinforcement and its anchoring in the reinforced concrete slab is not ensured, which prevents the reinforcement from being fully utilized. All of these deficiencies impair the performance of the floor structure, reducing its safety and reliability.

The object of the present invention is to create an optimally rigid structure for the formation of residual linings for concrete voids, the use of which would improve the quality of the reinforced concrete structure, ensure its performance, reliability and safety, and reduce labor costs.

This object is achieved by the use of a residual insert for the formation of voids in concrete made of plastic, consisting of two thin-walled, square-shaped, pyramid-shaped shell elements with rounded corners with an open base (I), mirrors connected to each other, , 3) protruding from the bottom of the elements and facing down and up. Concave grooves-pilasters (4, 5) are formed on the side surfaces of the elements, grooves (6, 7) are formed on the upper surface (bottom), and ribs (8) are provided on the inner side.

The following drawings are provided:

Fig. an axonometric view of the residual liner of the invention for forming voids in concrete is shown;

Fig. a side view of the residual liner of the present invention for forming voids in concrete;

and Fig. 4. Shown are axonometric views of a thin-walled shell element for forming voids in a concrete according to the invention, externally and internally with a cut quarter;

Fig. a top view of a thin-walled casing member of the present invention for a residual liner for forming voids in concrete;

Fig. a side view of a thin-walled casing member of the present invention for a residual liner for forming voids in concrete;

Fig. Shown in axonometric detail of a segmented leg-retainer for the formation of a void in a concrete according to the invention;

Fig. top view of a segmental leg-retainer insert for forming a void in a concrete according to the invention;

Fig. showing a group of remnant slab inserts ready for concreting in the concrete, together with upper and lower reinforcing nets in axonometric view;

Fig. showing a fragment of a slab of a ready-to-use concrete slab for forming voids in concrete with an upper reinforcement mesh in axonometric view;

Figures 11, 12 and 13. showing sectional views of an overlay fragment with concrete height-embedded residual inserts for concrete voids;

and Fig. 15. The present invention further illustrates the use of a thin-walled sheathing element for concrete storage voids for storage and transport.

Each of the residual liners for forming voids in concrete (Fig. 3, 4) made of plastic is a hollow square (Fig. 5) in a plan with rounded corners, a shell-like thin-walled body (1). The lateral contour of the element at all its edges is trapezoidal, tapering from the base to the apex with a slight (about 2 °) incline so that the volumetric shape of the element is close to the geometry of the cut pyramid body with a sharp apex angle (Fig. 6).

The plane of the upper base of the incised pyramid, forming the bottom of the remnant insert element, has four diagonal lines passing through the diagonals to form a slight protrusion of its center to the outside of the element so that the bottom is very flat with a square contour.

The bottom edge of the element is rounded along its entire circumference. The lower base plane of the cut pyramid is open. The wall thickness is uniform throughout the shell contours. Elemental insert voids in concrete may have different standard heights for forming voids.

The elements have a system of stiff ribs and grooves to ensure the rigidity of the mold.

The grooves have a contour of the shell wall {pressed into the inside of the element with rounded inside and outside edges. The rigidity edges of plastic are molded and protrude inside or outside the element, depending on their position and purpose.

The vertical groove-pilasters (4, 5) are provided at all corners (4) and laterally of the element through the edge centers (5) and provide the element with the necessary rigidity in the vertical direction. The depth and width of the vertical angular and lateral groove-pilasters are the same.

The horizontal stiffness grooves (6) are arranged on the bottom of the element parallel to the periphery of the whole circumference such that they form a square closed contour with extensions (10) extending to the edge of the element. The two additional grooves are arranged crosswise passing through the center edges (7) of the bottom of the element so that they join the vertical groove pilasters (11). The inside of the element bottom is provided with two additional stiffening edges (8) passing through the diagonals of the element bottom. The system of these ribs (8) and grooves (6, 7) gives the bottom of the element the required stiffness. In addition, horizontal grooves (6, 7) are required to form a concrete protective layer between the residual liner and reinforcing mesh bars. During concreting, horizontal grooves help remove air bubbles from the bottom of the residual liner.

There is a continuous stiff edge projecting to the outside of the element (9) along the entire perimeter of the bottom base of the residual insert. It is designed to form the contour of the joining elements and ensure its rigidity.

All thin-walled shell-type elements of the residual insert have pins (2, 3) protruding from the bottom of the elements to the outside (Fig. 5, 6). The foot-latches are used to fix the residual liner to the reinforcement mesh and the formwork, as well as to form a concrete protective layer between the residual liner and the reinforcement mesh. The locking legs are located at the tops of the horizontal grooves of the residual liner (2) and half-circular (3). The corner leg locking devices are made up of three segments and the middle legs are made of two segments (12) (Fig. 7, 8). The leg-lock segments are hollow prism-shaped members with one hooked toward the bottom of the member and the other with the open end facing away from the member, positioned at the corners of the leg-retainer so as to form a leg with a gap for locking the reinforcement bar (Fig. 10). There is a groove (13) and a hole (14) in the joint of the foot-locking element with the bottom of the element for venting air from the lower part of the residual formwork (Fig. 7, 8). A hole (15) is provided in the bottom center of each thin-walled shell element of the residual liner, which is used to remove air from the closed cavity formed during concreting under the residual liner.

The residual insert for forming voids in concrete is obtained by mirror-mounting and joining two thin-walled shell-like elements (1) (Fig. 1, 2) so that each pair of elements is directed upward (Fig. 3) and downward (Fig. 4) with the tops of the pyramid. . Thin-walled shell-like elements are formed around the entire perimeter through eight holes (16) formed in a continuous stiffening edge (9) at the corners and half-edges of the element to form the residual liner voids in concrete. Bolts with nuts or standard latches can be used for connection.

Thin-walled shell-type elements may have different standard modular dimensions. By combining three standard height residual insert elements in pairs, all possible combinations result in different height variants of the residual insert voids in concrete. In all cases, the dimensions of the plan for the formation of residual liner voids in concrete remain the same. Such residual liner heights allow to form a reinforced concrete ceiling or cover slab of the desired thickness (Figure 11-13).

In the construction of reinforced concrete ceilings or slabs, the residual liners for forming voids in concrete are arranged in rows in the longitudinal and transverse directions in a standard step (Figure 9). This arrangement allows for a smooth top and bottom overlay with hidden edges. The placement of residual liners can be varied to widen hidden edges or to form sections of solid slab concrete.

During concreting, the residual liners are fastened between the lower (17) and upper (18) reinforcing nets so that the reinforcing bars are fixed in the pairs of leg-locking pairs (Fig. 10). The position of the leg-latches allows the reinforcing mesh bars to be positioned in every second and only one pair of leg-latches in appropriate steps (Fig. 11-13). The additional longitudinal (19) and transverse reinforcement of the slab or slab may be arranged in vertical edges between residual liners to form voids in the concrete.

This method of locking is versatile, since residual liners are securely locked between the lower (17) and upper (18) reinforcement nets in the design position, eliminating residual liner placement misalignments, protecting them from mechanical damage and form loss during installation and concreting, unloading, laying and in compaction of concrete. At the same time, the residual inserts themselves perform the function of locking the exact design position of the reinforcing nets, since their shape is modular and geometrically accurate, and the position of the reinforcing rods is guaranteed due to the design features of the segmented leg fixators.

Due to its protruding form and stiffness system (pilasters on lateral, groove and rib tops), the residual liners for forming voids in concrete are rigid enough to withstand mechanical effects during installation and concreting in the structure. Residual liner voids in the concrete have raised sides, bottom shape and groove system on the upper and lower surfaces to ensure good concrete distribution and compaction at the edges of the slab and especially underneath the slab, eliminates cavities and voids on the underside of the slab the possibility of closed air cavities. The same design features - an embossed groove system on the top and bottom of the residual liner voids in concrete surfaces, segmented leg-latches ensure concrete penetration between the form and the bottom and top reinforcement nets, while providing reliable corrosion protection of reinforcing bars and reinforcement anchors which guarantees full exploitation of the reinforcement in the structure.

The geometry of the remnant liners, close to the cube, allows for the correct structure of a reinforced concrete slab with hidden ridges, while the sides, bottom shape and rounded edges and angles, smooth pilasters and grooves do not cause stress in the concrete.

All of these factors contribute to the performance, safety and reliability of the slab structure.

This solution can be easily implemented on the construction site, since the assembly of the residual liner for concrete voids does not require many separate parts. Its implementation does not require high labor costs and long lead times, which significantly reduces solution costs compared to prototypes. Recycled plastic may be used to make the residual liner shell type elements.

Thin-walled shell elements that are not assembled into residual liners to form voids in concrete can be stacked in rows due to their peculiarities of shape (Fig. 14, 15), thus not taking up much space during storage and conveniently transported to the construction site in bulk.

Definition of the Invention

Claims (9)

Definition of the Invention 1. Residual liner for concrete voids, made of plastic, characterized by two thin-walled, square-planed pyramid-shaped elements, rounded at the open base (1), mirror-connected to each other, with concave grooves-pilasters formed on the side surfaces of the elements. (4, 5), grooves (6, 7) are formed on the upper surface of the elements, and edges (8) are provided on the inner side. 2. Residual liner for forming concrete voids according to claim 1, characterized in that it has pegs (2, 3) protruding from the bottom of the residual liner elements and facing outwards, which are divided into segments (12), each of which is a hollow prism body. the element with one latch facing the bottom of the element and the other open end of the element is positioned at the corners of the element so as to form a gap for fixing the reinforcement bar. 3. Residual liner for forming voids in concrete according to claims 1-2, characterized in that vertical groove-pilasters (4, 5) are provided at the corners and lateral surfaces of each shell-type element through the center of the edge of the element. 4. Residual liner for forming concrete voids according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each thin-walled shell type element has horizontal grooves (6) extending to the edge of the mold (10) and two additional grooves extending parallel to the periphery along the entire circumference. intersecting through the center edges (7) of the element and joining the vertical groove pilasters (11). 5. Residual liner for forming voids in concrete according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two rigid ribs (8) extending through the bottom diagonals are provided in the bottom plane of each thin-walled shell type element. 6. Residual liner for forming voids in concrete according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a continuous stiffening edge (9) is provided on the lower open base contour of each element of the thin-walled sheath type. 7. Residual liner for forming voids in concrete according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper plane of the thin-walled shell element of each residual liner forming the bottom of the element has four break lines through which the protrusion of its center point to the outside is formed. the side of the element so that the bottom has the shape of a flat pyramid with a square contour base. 8. Residual insert for forming voids in concrete according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foot-latches are located at the tops of the formed square horizontal grooves (6, 7) and at the mid-points and at the joint of the foot-latches and the bottom of the element. ) and holes (14) for removing air during concreting from the lower part of the residual formwork. 9. Residual liner for concrete voids formation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each thin-walled pyramid-shaped shell-type element has a hole (15) in the center of the bottom plane for removing air from the lower part of the residual formwork.