LT6004B - The design (the construction)of the flue with the turbulence plates - Google Patents

Abstract

The purpose of the invention is the design (construction) of the flue of the solid fuel boiler system. The design which causes the effect of turbulence in the flue and at the same time is easy to disassemble and clean. It consists of the following: the inlet, the flue channel, the turbulence plates, the heat exchanger, the free passage, the outlet, and the inspection aperture. The main distinctive feature is the turbulence plates, which consist of the following structural elements: the bottom support, two upper supports, the body and the notch. The said turbulence plates are called turbulence because they force gas (fumes) to stop itself in the flue, to rotate, and to flow around the obstacle. In boiler flue these plates are installed at a certain angle and stop the outgoing fumes; the latter spend a longer time in the heat exchanger and give a larger amount heat to it. In the design of the invention the aforementioned turbulence plates are not able to "burn" as they touch the small surface of the flue, also they are much easier to clean. The design of the invention is particularly well suited for solid fuel gas generation boilers, however it is also suitable for all equipment of the solid fuel boilers of the bottom and side combustion.

Description

The present invention relates to solid-fuel bottom and side combustion boilers, in particular to solid fuel gas generating boilers. The invention deals with the problem of heat removal in the flue of the above mentioned types of boilers and provides a new flue construction.

TECHNICAL FIELD

TECHNICAL LEVEL

Solid fuel gas generating boilers are designed to heat individual homes, small public, industrial or commercial premises. They are fired with wood, various dried and pressed briquettes of sawdust, sawdust and peat. Solid fuel gas generation boilers operate on the gas generation principle: in the upper combustion chamber of the boiler, gas is emitted from the firewood, which is burned in the lower chamber, from which it later enters the flue and then to the outside / environment.

Known Chinese patent no. CN201059574, Published 2008 May 14 This patent discloses a bulky flue design in which hot exhaust fumes, passing between panels, are cooled by a watering system. However, the design described in this application is designed to address global climate change issues and is not at all focused on removing heat from the flue gas in the flue.

Also known is Dutch patent no. NL8301318, published 1984 November 1, This patent discloses a fire resistant chimney structure consisting of U-shaped structural members located inside the chimney. This design is designed to facilitate chimney opening servicing but does not perform the function of removing heat from the hot smoke.

Known Canadian patent no. CA2101263, published April 1994. April 6 This patent describes a complete fuel combustion technology circuit comprising: a fuel feed conveyor, a pyrolysis chamber, and a hot smoke extraction system. One of the building blocks of this system is a tube with turbulent plates through which the supplied air is heated and directed to the combustion chamber. However, in this construction, said turbulent plates are used as a heat exchanger, i.e. they are heated to heat the air entering from the outside towards the pyrolysis chamber. The patent does not address the removal of heat from the hot smoke exiting the combustion chamber.

Known German patent no. DE9216274, published 1993. June 24 This patent examines a flue design using turbulent plates to cool hot smoke. However, this patent refers to turbulent plates which are rigidly joined at each end to form a single saw tooth-like structure. In order to stabilize and position the said tooth-shaped structure in the longitudinal direction of the flue, a mandrel is passed through the middle of these flaps. The design described in this patent is too cumbersome (cumbersome) and impractical: it is difficult to remove and clean in practical terms and is not commercially realized.

The closest to the state of the art is international application no. WO2011153992, published 2011. December 15th This application describes a flue construction with turbulent plates in which the plates are interconnected by levers by means of a shamiric connection. Each of these plates is fixed in the flue of the boiler in the middle (not on the walls) on the axis on which it can rotate. During rotation of the turbulent plate, its position (i.e. angle / orientation) with respect to the hot smoke emitted is changed. Changing the angle affects the strength of the turbulent effect (can amplify or weaken it). However, this design has several disadvantages: it is difficult to remove and clean, moving parts are often damaged and rotated due to high temperatures and friction, and sound waves are produced during rotation (especially when the structure is new), which is often undesirable.

Based on the results of technology and patent research and observing and analyzing the real world situation in the field of solid fuel gas generating boilers, it can be concluded that many theoretically operating inventions have been patented in the world, but in reality they are often unrealized simply because of structural complexity and imperfections. economic profitability. Currently, the boiler flue form, consisting of a pipe system submerged in water, is widely used in the market. The flue is usually cylindrical. The smoke that passes through this pipe system leaves some of its heat to the pipes, more specifically the water to which they are submerged. This heat energy is then transferred to the heating system. There are also often turbulent spirals in tubes designed to stop, rotate and hold the smoke in the tubes: the longer the smoke remains in the tube system, the more heat they transfer to the tubes and, consequently, to the water (heat exchanger). Systems of this kind are very efficient in terms of heat removal, but very inconvenient to use, since said turbulent spirals need to be maintained continuously, i.e. they should be moved in the tubes at the appropriate time. If they are neglected, they "fry" so that they block the flue, which often requires specialist help to clean it.

THE SUBSTANCE OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide more efficient heat removal from hot gas (smoke) in a solid fuel boiler flue.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to design a flue gas device for a solid fuel boiler system that causes flue gas turbulence in the flue gas and which is easily disassembled and cleaned at the same time. Such a construction consists of: inlet, flue duct, turbulent plate, heat exchanger, gas flow passage, outlet and inspection port. The main distinguishing feature of this design is the turbulent plates, which consist of the following structural members: the lower support, the two upper supports, the housing and the notch. Another distinguishing feature of the flue design is the rectangular or other flue channel with a larger passage area.

The aforementioned turbulent plates are called turbulent because they cause the gas (fumes) to stop, rotate, and flow around an obstruction (turbulence). These plates are mounted in the boiler flue at a certain angle and trap outgoing smoke; the latter spend longer time in the heat exchanger and give it more heat. In the embodiment of the present invention, said turbulent plates do not have the ability to "fry" because they come in contact with the flue on a small surface and are also much easier to clean.

Each turbulent plate rests on the boiler flue heat exchanger with three supports: a lower support and two upper supports. The lower support is one so that it is easier to insert the plate into the place (position) by hand with the hook when inserting the plate into the flue channel. Thus, loading the turbulent plate with a hook into the flue duct initially finds its lower position and then, with a slight release of the hook but before it is pulled out, allows it to tilt to the opposite side of the heat exchanger until it rests on the heat exchanger. wall with its upper supports. The turbulent plate (4), when in the working position and occupying its position in the flue duct, closes part of that passage and leaves a free passage only at its upper part. It should be emphasized that the top of the turbulent plate with the free passage opening must be at the flue wall to which the heat exchanger is attached.

The aforementioned turbulent plates cause a turbulent effect, in which the exhaust gas (smoke) is stopped and spends more time on the heat exchanger, to which it transmits its thermal energy.

While the turbulent plates of the flue system were not used, the maximum temperature in the flue reached 360 deg C. Whereas the turbulent plate design of the present invention only reached a maximum of 175 deg C. Therefore, the construction of the present invention works very effectively in practice. collects almost twice the amount of thermal energy.

This embodiment of the invention is particularly well suited for solid fuel gas generating boiler systems, but is suitable for all solid fuel lower and side combustion boiler installations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

FIG. 1 illustrates a flue construction with turbulent plates, reflecting the essence of the present invention (in side sectional projection).

FIG. Figure 2 shows one of the structural elements: the lower support of the turbulent plate (from the side in different projections).

FIG. Fig. 3 shows a more detailed construction of the turbulent plate (from the side in different projections).

FIG. Figure 4 shows a top view of the flue of the boiler: when it does not have turbulent plates (left) and when they are loaded in their places (right).

FIG. Figure 5 shows the design of a hook for removing and loading turbulent plates into the flue.

FIG. Figure 6 shows a graph of the flue gas combustion temperature (delay time (s) in the horizontal axis, and the flue gas temperature (deg C) in the vertical) when the process is carried out without turbulent plates (as additional visuals).

FIG. Figure 7 shows a graph of the flue gas combustion temperature (time delay (s) in the horizontal axis, and the flue gas temperature in the vertical axis (deg C)) where the process is performed using turbulent plates under the same external conditions.

FIG. Figure 8 shows the general construction of the solid fuel combustion boiler together with the flue in the section (as additional visual material).

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

It is known that a number of solid fuel boiler systems are developed and constructed in the world. Separate units are known in the art, which are made up of plates which direct the flow of hot smoke and exhaust gas from the boiler furnace chamber to other sections of the system. Such plates are often referred to as turbulent plates because they cause a turbulent effect on the path of said gas / smoke. The flue gas turbulence effect is very useful because it prevents air / gas / smoke (we will use the generic term in the description below) flow without resistance to flue flow (the concept of flue can be extended to any shape of pipe or tunnel), i.e. the turbulent flow of gas flowing in the flue is stopped and stopped: the longer it stays in the flue, the more heat it transfers to objects around it, such as pipe walls, turbulent plates, and the like. With the flow of gas flowing through the flue without turbulent plates (i.e. no turbulence effect), only the edges of the hot flow cool (if there is a heat exchanger around the flue), but the middle (middle section) of hot flue gas stays hot and escapes through the chimney.

In this way, the turbulent effect is very useful if it takes place in a heat exchanger, because only in this way can additional energy transfer to the heat system be possible. However, any turbulent equipment installed in a solid fuel boiler in the boiler flue behind the furnace, or in the economizer or chimney section, is contaminated with unburned solids or sand resulting from the creosote formation process. In this way, the inner surface of the flue and everything in the flue is tarnished: these plaques reduce the pass-through area of the flue and reduce draft draft. Any equipment in the solid fuel boiler flue, without being cleaned, loses its functionality. What's more, high temperatures and high frying allow the construction to become permanent without the need for special tools and the intervention of a professional craftsman.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a flue device design that will cause flue gas turbulence and at the same time be easily disassembled and cleaned. Only then can this construction become a practical application in the solid fuel boiler sector.

FIG. 1 shows a flue construction (1) of the present invention with turbulent plates. It consists of the following construction elements: inlet (2), flue duct (3), turbulent plate (4), heat exchanger (5), free passage (6), outlet (7) and inspection openings (8).

The flow of hot gas and smoke from the boiler combustion chamber (or other intermediate unit) enters the flue (1) through the flue inlet (2). The flue inlet is usually mounted at the bottom of the flue from the side and can take various shapes such as round, rectangular and so on. In this way, said hot gas stream enters the flue duct (3), whereby it moves upwardly towards the flue outlet (7) through which it exits into the chimney, passing through a connecting segment directly connected to the chimney. The flue outlet (7) is usually mounted on the upper side of the flue (1) from the side. In addition to the flue outlet (7) there is also provided a inspection opening (8) which is located at the very top of the flue structure (1) and which is covered by a screw cap with a gasket. The inspection hole (8) is used for cleaning the flue duct (corridor) and for inserting / removing turbulent plates.

The construction of the chimney itself (1), as a longitudinal element, is usually arranged (mounted) perpendicular (at 90 degrees) to the gravitational force (Earth pull), but this angle is not necessarily 90 degrees: depending on the design and the particular scheme to be different. When said hot gas enters the flue duct (3), it begins to move upward and gradually loses its thermal energy.

In the present invention, it is more desirable that the shape of the flue corridor / duct (3) is rectangular rather than cylindrical, since it is this shape of the flue corridor (3) which is most optimal in the practice of the present invention. However, the shape of the said passage (3) may also be different, for example: cylinder, half-cylinder, other regular or irregular shape (most importantly, it is possible to attach turbulent plates to this passage). The heat energy of the hot gas is absorbed by: air contained in said duct (3); turbulent plates (4) and heat exchanger (5). In the finals, all energy is transferred to the heat exchanger (5) as much as possible, since the air in question heats up very quickly and transmits its own stored thermal energy to the plates (4) and heat exchanger (5), and the plates (4) energy for the heat exchanger (5) (although in reality the plates (4) themselves can accumulate and transfer relatively little heat energy to the heat exchanger as their mass is usually only 200-300 g). The presence of the heat exchanger (5) is necessary and desirable to cover all four walls of the flue duct (3). The additional heat removal using the essential elements of the present invention, the turbulent plates (4), would then be maximized.

The main feature of this construction (1) is the turbulent plates (4). The optimum number is 3 (three), but there may be more depending on the length (height) of the flue. FIG. Figure 2 shows one of the structural elements of the turbulent plate (4): the lower support (9) (laterally in different projections). FIG. Figure 3 shows a more detailed construction of the turbulent plate (4) (from the side in different projections). The turbulent plate (4) consists of the following structural elements: a lower support (9), two upper supports (10), a housing (11) and a notch (12).

The lower support (9) is fixed to the wall of the heat exchanger (5) in the middle with respect to the corners of the heat exchanger. In reality, the lower support (9) itself is not part of the turbulent plate (4), but part of the flue duct (3), but it is more convenient to construct it together with the turbulent plate (4). Said lower support (9) is made of a steel angle, which does not require labor intensive, i.e. is standardized and cheap. Because the edge of said lower support (9) is vertically folded, it helps to better position and locate the turbulent plate (4) during its insertion into the flue (1). The turbulent plates (4) occupy their position (position) in the flue (1) only under the influence of their gravity (weight). The recommended horizontal length of the lower support (9) (up to vertical bending) is 15 to 30 mm. At smaller lengths, it will be more difficult to position the turbulent plate (4), especially the lower one. At longer lengths, the support will protrude too much into the flue duct (3) and cause problems in cleaning the duct (3). The width of the lower support (9) can vary: the narrower it is, the easier it is to clean the flue duct (3).

The upper supports (10) are two because, in order to ensure the stability / better balance of the turbulent plate (4), its housing (11) must rest on at least three stable points. In comparison with the lower support (9), which is permanently fixed to the surface (wall) of the flue (heat exchanger), the upper supports (10) are fixed to the turbulent plate body (11). Also, the turbulent plate (4) comprises a notch (12) which, when hooked, is used to insert the turbulent plate (4) into the flue duct and to remove it from the flue duct (3).

The said turbulent plates (4) are loaded and removed by a simple tool with a wire-bent hook (13) shown in Figs. 5. When making the hook at the factory, the hook (13) is bent at an angle of 80 ° (it is not practical to bend the hook at a shallower angle because inserting the plate into the flue channel (3) makes it more difficult to drop the plate from the handle (13). to prevent the hooked plate from slipping. In order to engage the turbulent plate (4), the aforementioned notch (12) is drilled in its housing (11).

Each plate rests on three supports for the boiler flue heat exchanger (5): the lower support (9) and the two upper supports (10). The lower support is one so that placing the plate in the flue channel (3) by hand with a hook (13) makes it easier to hit it in its position (position). Although the descriptive design is provided with one lower support (9), two lower supports (9) may be provided for further stability of the plate, but the flue cleaning is then somewhat complicated. Depending on the system and external parameters / conditions and need, the amount of lower supports (9) is determined individually (this may depend on the type / configuration of the heat exchanger, its diameter, length, load on the flue duct (3) and the like.

Thus, by loading the turbulent plate (4) with a hook (13) into the flue duct (3), the lower position is initially found and then, with a slight release of the hook (13), but before it is pulled out, is exposed to its gravity, it is allowed to lean to the opposite side of the heat exchanger (5) until it leans against the wall of the heat exchanger (5) with its upper supports (10). It is then possible to remove the hook and perform the same operations of loading the other turbulent plates (4) into the flue duct (3) in an analogous manner.

FIG. Fig. 4 is a top view of the boiler flue (1) when no turbulent plates (4) (left) yet and after they have been loaded into their positions / positions (right). The turbulent plate (4), when in the working position and occupying its position in the flue duct (3), closes part of that passage and leaves only the free passage (6) at its upper part. The lower edge of the turbulent plate (4) is closely adjacent to the heat exchanger (5), whereby all exhaust gas flow is directed along the plate body (11) upwardly towards the flue outlet (7) only through said free passage (6) These openings consist of a free passage at the top of the plate along its entire length, a narrow free passage of 2-4 mm on both sides of the plate (4) and a hook cutout (12). The upper supports (10) are spaced about 2 to 4 mm from the edges with respect to the plate body (11) to provide a small degree of freedom of movement for the plate (4) to facilitate loading / unloading. The free passage area (6) should be approximately the width of the flue inlet (2), so that the presence of turbulent plates (4) will not adversely affect the chimney draft. It is to be noted that the top of the turbulent plate (4) with the opening of the free passage (6) must necessarily be on the wall of the flue (1) to which the heat exchanger (5) is located. The said turbulent plates (4) produce a turbulent effect in which the exhaust gas is stopped and spends more time on the heat exchanger, to which it also transmits a greater amount of its thermal energy.

To illustrate the effectiveness of the turbulent plates (4), several graphs have been included in this description (as additional visual material). FIG. Figure 6 shows a graph of the flue gas combustion temperature (delay time (s) in the horizontal axis, and the flue gas temperature (deg C) in the vertical) when the process is conducted without turbulent plates (as an additional visual). FIG. Figure 7 shows a graph of the flue gas combustion temperature (time delay (s) in the horizontal axis, and the flue gas temperature in the vertical axis (deg C)) where the process is performed using turbulent plates under the same external conditions. A 20 kW boiler was used for these experiments. While the turbulent plates (4) were not in use, the maximum temperature in the flue reached 360 deg C. While the turbulent plates (4) were used, the maximum temperature reached only 175 deg C. As we can see, the efficiency of the turbulent plates (4) is highly felt, with nearly twice the amount of thermal energy being collected.

Inclination angle and amount of turbulent plate (4).

The optimum angle of inclination of the turbulent plates from the horizontal plane of the lower support (9) is 40-60 °. An angle of less than 40 ° is not recommended because it is more difficult to hook the hook (13) when the notches (12) in the plane (4) are horizontal and horizontal. The number of plates in the flue can range from 1 to 5: each additional plate increases the additional heat removal from the flue gas, and with 2-3 plates, the effect feels strong enough. The larger amount of turbulent plates (4) (more than 5) and the length of the hook (13) make it very uncomfortable to place said plates (4) through the inspection opening (8) because their positions need to be "caught" in the dark flue. The top plates, on the other hand, are easy to position because of their positions near the inspection opening (8), where they are sufficiently light.

Plate and flue cleaning.

By using the design solution of the present invention, the removal of the turbulent plates (4) is easy: they do not "fry", since only one full edge touches the heat exchanger at an angle (edge). Also, what is very important is that they are light (200-300 g) and are not interconnected in bulky structures, i.e. has no connecting structures and is positioned only by its own gravity. With the removal of the turbulent plates (4), the flue duct (3) is easily cleaned with a simple boiler scrubber that comes complete with all solid fuel boiler equipment. The lower supports (9) in the flue channel (3), due to their small size, do not cause problems during cleaning of the flue (1) through the inspection opening (8). Removed turbulent plates (4) can be cleaned in two ways: (1) by scrubbing the burnt sediment (burn) with the same boiler scraper or (2) by dipping the plates (4) into the boiler firing and firing the boiler in a single cycle ) adhering dirt. After the cleaning of the plates (4), they are again hooked (13) to their working positions in the flue.

In order to illustrate and describe the present invention, the preferred embodiments are described above. It is not a complete or limiting invention that seeks to determine the exact form or embodiment. The description above should be viewed more as an illustration of j than as a limitation to j. Obviously, many modifications and variations may be apparent to those skilled in the art. Embodiments are selected and described to best explain the construction of the present invention and its best practical application for different embodiments with different modifications suitable for a particular application or embodiment, since in the case of a particular solid-fuel boiler system, design parameters may vary. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the appended definition and its equivalents, in which all the foregoing terms have the widest possible meaning, unless otherwise stated. It will be appreciated that the embodiments described by those skilled in the art can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION A solid fuel gas-fired boiler flue structure comprising an inlet, a flue duct, a heat exchanger, an outlet, and a inspection port, further comprising turbulent plates (4) comprising: lower support / supports (9), two upper supports (10), housing (11) and notch (12); where: turbulent plates (4) produce a turbulent effect in the flue (1), during which the exhaust gas is stopped and spends more time on the heat exchanger (5), to which it also transmits a greater amount of its thermal energy; when in the working position and occupying its position in the flue duct (3), the turbulent plate (4) covers part of the flue duct (3) and leaves only a free passage (6) to its upper part (lower edge of turbulent plate (4) a heat exchanger (5), whereby all the exhaust gas flow is directed along the plate body (11) upwardly towards the flue outlet (7) only through the free passage (6)); the turbulent plates (4) occupy their position in the flue (1) only by the force of their gravity, they are loaded and removed by a simple tool, a wire-hook (13); each turbulent plate rests on the boiler flue heat exchanger (5) with three supports: one lower support (9) and two upper supports (10): the lower support being one so that placing the plate into the flue channel (3) by hand with a hook (13) makes it easier to hit the space (position) thereon; the upper supports (10) being two because, in order to ensure the stability / better balance of the turbulent plate (4), its housing (11) must rest on at least three stable points; the lower support (9) being permanently attached to the surface (wall) of the flue heat exchanger (5); the upper supports (10) are fixed to the turbulent plate body (11): the notch (12) is drilled in the housing (11) of the turbulent plate (4) and is intended to insert the turbulent plate (4) into the flue duct and to remove it from the flue duct (3) by means of a hook (13). 2. The solid fuel gas generating boiler flue construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the optimum angle of inclination of the turbulent plates from the horizontal plane of the lower support (9) is 40-60 °. 3. The solid fuel gas-generating boiler flue construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the optimal horizontal length of the lower support (9) (up to vertical bending) is between 15 and 30 mm.