LT5873B - Squeezing apparatus for moist material, particularly for municipal solid waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The apparatus (10) comprises a frame (12-30) and a horizontal drum (40) which supports a triad of perforated cylindrical squeezing chambers (56) open at their opposite ends. The drum (40) rotates by steps so that each of the squeezing chambers (56) is successively aligned to a loading station (74), to a squeezing station (100) and to an unloading station (114). The loading station (74) comprises loading means (88, 90-96) arranged to load material into the squeezing chamber (56). The squeezing station (100) comprises a punch (110) operable to axially penetrate into a squeezing chamber (56) and squeeze the material in the chamber, thereby causing a fluid fraction of the material to be drained through the perforations (60, 64). The unloading station (114) comprises a motorized expulsion piston (122) operable to enter the squeezing chamber (56) and push the squeezed material away.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for compressing wet materials, in particular solid flat waste.

TECHNICAL LEVEL

In the prior art, machines are known which separate the liquid fraction of solid household waste, which can, for example, be used later in fertilizer production from the "dry" fraction, which can, for example, be processed into fuel. In these machines, solid household waste is loaded into a perforated chamber. Here they are compressed by a hydraulic cylinder press and the liquid fraction drains through the holes in the chamber.

As is known to those skilled in the art, the perforated chamber should be relatively small to achieve optimal drainage efficiency. As a result, only a relatively small amount of material can be processed in a single cycle, which means that the performance of such a machine is unsatisfactory.

Such machines can be easily damaged by the abrasive power of the workpiece. As is well known to those skilled in the art, household solid waste is a highly heterogeneous material which may contain hard objects from wood, metal, glass, etc., which are difficult to granulate and which, due to their high compression power, can easily damage the walls of the machine.

The closest prior art is the European patent EP1568482, published May 2005. August 31 This patent describes a waste compression machine comprising a rotating drum and a plurality of removable / interchangeable compression chambers. However, such a system is not reliable enough because it has the problem of distributing waste to the respective chambers, especially when at least one of the chambers becomes clogged. Also, the large number of chambers and the associated number of mechanisms used in them reduce the reliability of the entire system in terms of failures, particularly for machines / systems operating at high pressure / compression ratios. In addition, the yield of such a system is relatively low.

THE SUBSTANCE OF THE INVENTION

Thus, the main object of the present invention is to provide a pressurizing device for compressing wet materials, especially solid domestic waste, which is more reliable and has a higher yield than known devices.

The device presented consists of a housing, a horizontal drum attached to the housing, which rotates and holds a triplet of cylindrical pressure chambers parallel to a defined axis which are perpendicular to said axis and which have perforated holes and are open at opposite ends. The said drum is connected to a motor means which rotates the drum step by step so that each of said pressure chambers is aligned in turn with the loading point, the pressing point and the unloading point in the housing. The loading means comprising said loading point are located on one side of the drum and are used for loading the materials into a pressure chamber which is temporarily aligned with the loading point through an open end on the same side when the opposite end is closed against a rising and adjacent fixed wall. Said pressure point has, on one side of the drum, a motorized press which, through its open end, enters the pressure chamber when temporarily aligned with the pressure point and compresses the materials within the chamber, forcing the liquid fraction to drain through the chamber holes. . Said unloading station consists of a motorized exhaust piston on one side of the drum which, via an open end, enters the pressure chamber when temporarily aligned with the unloading point and displaces pressurized materials through the open end on the opposite side of the pressure chamber.

Below are the most appropriate implementation options adapted to the respective external conditions / needs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to some non-exclusive preferred embodiments illustrated by the following non-limiting drawings:

FIG. 1 is a drawing of the device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged scale of FIG. 1, front view of the device;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional detail of the device;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along the line IV-I in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view along the line V-V in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along line VI-VI in FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged scale of FIG. Detail 4;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged scale of FIG. Detail 5;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged scale of FIG. Detail 6;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view along the line Χ-Χ in FIG. 4;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view along the line ΧΙ-ΧΙ in FIG. 4;

FIG. 12 - Similar to FIG. 3, which depicts the same alternative design of the device.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

As depicted in FIG. 1, 2, the device 10 for compressing wet materials, particularly solid butt waste, comprises a housing with two outer cross members 12,14, two inner cross members 16, 18, a first pair of longitudinal gaskets 20, 22 disposed between the inner cross members 16, 18 and extended to the respective opposite sides of the housing and the other two pairs of longitudinal spacers 24, 26 and 28, 30. Each pair is disposed between the respective outer cross members 12, 14 and the corresponding inner cross members 16, 18 opposite. interposed between two outer cross members 12, 14 and connected by two pairs of links 32, 34 and 36, 38 extending to opposite sides of the frame. As depicted in FIG. 2, each pair of rods are aligned over one another. Each rod 32, 34 and 36, 36 has a hydraulic head 32a, 36a which is mounted on one end and rests on one of the outer rails 14 and a nut such as 32b, 36b which is screwed on the other end and rests on the opposite outer runner. 12. The horizontal drum 40 is secured by a pin 42 at the axis A between the inner rails 16, 18. The drum 40 is aligned with the longitudinal center plane of the housing. As depicted in FIG. 3, 5, the drum 40 has a bushing 44 through which it is mounted on a spike 42 and a cylindrical outer wall 46 which is connected to the bushing through two opposing lower bases 48, 50.

As depicted in FIG. 3, the bases 48, 50 each have three circular openings 52, 54 spaced at right angles to the axis A of the drum 40. The openings of one base coincide with the openings of the base on the opposite side. The drum 40 has three cylindrical, perforated compression chambers 56, each parallel to the axis of the drum and connecting respective pairs of aligned openings 52, 54. Each chamber 56 is formed by a hollow cylinder 58 which is open at both opposite ends and has perforated radial holes 60. The hollow cylinder 58 has a liner 62 made of a hard, wear-resistant material. This insert 62 also has perforated radial holes 64 which are slightly smaller in diameter and correspond to cylinder holes.

Advantageously, the ends 58 of the barrel end at respective inner annular grooves 66, which have respective cutting rings 68 made of a wear-resistant material. Each cutting ring 68 has an inner cylindrical surface 68i coinciding with an inner surface of the insert 62 and terminates at a vertical surface 68v bordering the inner cylindrical surface 68i at a sharp edge 68s (Fig. 3).

Each cylinder 58 is secured in a drum by inserting opposite ends thereof into openings 52, 54 of the bases 48, 50. Along its axis, the cylinder 58 is compressed between a respective pair of annular plates 70, 72 which are attached to opposite bases of the drum. In a preferred embodiment, the annular plates 70, 72 have a slightly smaller inner diameter than the annular grooves 66 and each cutting ring 68 has a first portion 68a of larger diameter which fits into the annular groove 66 and is clamped between the inner edge of the annular plate 70, 72 and bottom of annular groove 66. Each cutting ring 68 also has a second, smaller diameter portion 68b which engages with the annular plate 70, 72 and terminates at the level of the outer surface of the ring. In this embodiment, the axis of the cutting rings is fixed relative to the cylinder.

The drum 40 is coupled to a motor means (further details below) which can rotate the drum in steps such that each of the compression cams 56 is successively aligned with the loading point, the pressing point and the unloading point.

As depicted in FIG. 4, 7, the loading station 74 consists of two opposite transverse walls 76, 78 extending on opposite sides of the drum bases 40. These bases will hereinafter be referred to as the loading base 48 (loading side) and the discharge base 50 (discharge side). The transverse walls 76, 78 are positioned so that when one of the pressure chambers is temporarily aligned with the loading point, they become adjacent to the respective open ends of the chamber on opposite sides. The transverse walls 76, 78 have respective coaxial openings 76a, 78a (Fig. 7). The opening 76a of the transverse wall 76 on the loading side has a slightly smaller diameter than the inner surface of the pressure chambers, whereas the opening 78a of the transverse wall 78 formed on the unloading side has the same diameter and is closed by a lid 80. spyriu 81a (Fig. 4).

As depicted in FIG. 2, the horizontal loading channel 82 intersects at right angles to the drum 40 immediately above the transverse wall 76. The loading channel 82 has a rectangular profile and ends at a polygonal profile end wall 84 having a central vertical portion 84v connected to the loading channel. 82 upper wall 82a and lower wall 82b with respective oblique portions 84a and 84b. The vertical portion 84v and the oblique portions 84a, 84b form three adjacent walls of an octagon aligned with the opening 76a of the transverse wall 76. The open loading passageway passes through the hopper 86. Overhead hopper 86. The hopper 88 having a mirror profile relative to the end wall 84 can slide in the loading passageway 82 driven by the hydraulic cylinder 90 and push the material from the hopper 86 into the end of the passageway 84. At the end of the stroke, the shovel contacts the end wall 84 as well as the upper wall 82a and the lower wall 82b of the loading channel 82 and forms a octagonal profile loading tunnel (Fig. 2 shows the dotted line 92). The loading piston 94 of the corresponding octagonal profile (Figs. 4 and 7) slides in the loading tunnel 92 driven by the hydraulic cylinder 96 (Fig. 1) and pushes the materials sealed in the tunnel through the opening 76a in the transverse wall 76 into the compression chamber aligned with the loading point.

As detailed in FIG. 7, the opening 76a in the transverse wall 76 of the loading side has an annular groove 97 into which an annular knife 98 made of a wear-resistant material is inserted. The ring knife 98, in combination with the cutting rings 68 in the compression chamber, shreds materials from the loading tunnel.

As depicted in FIG. 7, 11, the transverse wall 78 on the unloading side is partially aligned with the wear plate 78b, which creates an opening 78c coinciding with an opening in the transverse wall. As shown in FIG. 10, the abrasion plate 78b is shaped such that the distance between its aperture 78c and the smoothness of its outer profile decreases at locations near the radial line B which connects the axis of the drum 40 with the axis of the aperture 78c. As a result, residuals trapped between the drum or wear plate can be easily removed through a longitudinal gap between the drum and the free surface of the transverse wall. Similar to that shown in FIG. 10, the transverse wall 76 on the side of the loading base 48 of the drum 40 is also partially covered by a contoured wear plate 76b which is located below the annular blade 98 and whose upper profile coincides with the lower profile of the annular blade 98 (Fig. 7).

As depicted in FIG. 5, 8, the pressure point 100 is located in the lower part of the housing, below the loading station 74. The pressure point 100 is formed by a hydraulic hoist 102 which is mounted in front of the loading base 48 of the drum 40. The hoist is aligned with the longitudinal center plane of the housing and has a stopper piston 104 which is opposite to it at the end of the pressurized chamber axis. The closure piston 104 is surrounded by a wear ring 106 (Figs. 8 and 10) which is secured to the front surface 102a of the hydraulic jack 102 by screws 107 inserted in the longitudinal sleeves 108. The sleeves 108 act as spacers between the wear ring and said front face 102a. between the wear ring and the hydraulic cylinder 102. Like the wear plates used at the loading point, the wear ring 106 is curved so that the distance between the inner edge and its outer profile is increasingly reduced near the radial line B 'which connects its axis with the axis 40 of the drum. .

The press 110 on the opposite axis of the closing piston 104 is mounted on the front 50 of the unloading base and is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 112. When the pressure chamber briefly aligns with the pressing point, the press 110 passes through the resulting open end on the discharge side (opposite end chamber materials. The liquid fraction drains through the holes in the chamber.

As depicted in FIG. 6, 9, the unloading station 114 is secured to the housing adjacent the loading station 74. Similarly to the loading station 74, the unloading station 114 is comprised of a pair of opposite transverse walls 116, 118 facing opposite opposing bases of the drum 40 such that when one of the pressure chambers is briefly aligned with the discharge point, they become adjacent to the opposite, open ends of the chamber. The transverse walls 116, 118 have corresponding coaxial openings 116a, 118a. The opening 116a on the loading side has exactly the same diameter as the inside surface of the pressure chamber, while the outlet side 118a has a slightly larger diameter than the inside surface of the pressure chambers. The exhaust cylinder 120 (Fig. 6) has a common axis with said openings which are located above the transverse wall 116. The exhaust cylinder 120 has an exhaust piston 122 which passes through the opening 116a formed on the transverse wall of the loading side when it is briefly aligns with the charging point, and ejects the pressurized materials through the opposite open end of the chamber through the opening 118a of the transverse wall 118 on the loading side. Like the loading station 74, the transverse walls 116, 118 of the loading station 114 are partially covered by respective wear plates 116b, 118b, each of which is curved such that the distance between its opening 116c, 118c and its outer profile is increasingly reduced at the radial line B. "', BIV which connects axis 40 of drum with axis 116c, 118c of aperture.

The three points are arranged around axis A of the drum 40 relative to the three pressure chambers such that when the drum is in the correct position, one of the pressure chambers aligns with the loading piston 94, the other pressure chamber aligns with the press 110, and the last pressure chamber aligns with the discharge piston 122 .

As mentioned above, the drum 40 is rotated at 120 ° by two hydraulic motors 122, 124 (only schematically shown in Fig. 1) located on opposite sides of the drum and having respective gears 126, 128 coupled to a conical drive gear which is coaxially attached to the drum. to cyclically move one pressure chamber to the loading station, another chamber to the discharge station, and the last chamber to the discharge station.

The unit is automatically controlled by a programmable control unit (not shown). Its construction can be understood by a qualified person and will not be described in detail. During operation, each camera is first subjected to a loading step. The material contained in the loading conduit 82 is pushed by the shovel 88 into the end of the conduit and here it enters the loading tunnel 92 formed by the shovel 88. Its walls are formed by parts 84a, 84b and 84v, as the upper wall 82a and the lower wall 82b . The loading piston 94 pushes the materials in the tunnel into a pressure channel aligned therewith through an opening 76a in the transverse wall 76 of the loading side, and the opposite end of the pressure chamber is covered by a lid 80. Since the loading piston 94 are loaded into the chamber, and most remain in the loading tunnel.

Drum 40 is now turning. 120 ° so that the newly loaded pressure chamber is aligned with the press 110 of the pressure station 100 along a common axis, while the other two pressure chambers are respectively moved from the pressure station 100 to the unloading station 114 and from the unloading station 114 to the loading station 74. As the drum rotates, the materials, including solid bodies, in the loading tunnel will be cut between the sharp edge 68s of the cutting ring 68 and the annular blade 98 (FIG.

4) ·

During the compression step (Fig. 8), the press enters the newly loaded pressure chamber and presses the materials so that their liquid fraction drains through holes 64 in the inner tray 62 and holes 60 in cylinder 68. At this stage, the base of the pressure chamber opposite the press 110 is closed.

The drum 40 is rotated again by 120 ° so that the pressure chamber in which the materials have just been compressed is aligned with the exhaust piston 122 of the discharge station 114 and the other two pressure chambers are respectively moved from the loading station 74 to the pressure station 100 and from unloading station 114 to loading station 74.

During the unloading step (Fig. 9), the exhaust piston 112 ejects the freshly compressed material from the chamber through the opening 118a of the transverse wall 118 on the discharge side.

As the drum is rotated, all of the material protruding from the pressure chambers will be cut between the sharp edges 68a of the cutting rings 68 and the wear plates of the transverse walls, or the annular blades 98, as in the loading point.

Any residual material adhering to the stopper piston 104 will be removed through the longitudinal gap between the wear ring 106 and the front face 102a of the hydraulic hoist during an extraction stroke.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention as depicted in FIG. 12, the cutting rings 268 are not fixed relative to the axis of the cylinder, on the contrary, they slide along the axial annular grooves 266. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the annular plates 270, 272 is equal to the diameter of the annular grooves 66. Cutting rings 268 have a smooth outer cylindrical surface which fits into the annular plate 270, 272 and terminates at the outer surface of the ring.

Claims (8)

A device (10) for pressurizing wet materials comprising a material loading section, a rotating drum, a compression chamber and a discharge section, characterized in that it comprises a housing (12-30), a horizontal drum attached to the housing (12-30). (40) rotating about an axis (A) and holding a triplet of cylindrical pressure chambers (56) parallel to the axis (A), which are spaced from each other at equal angles around said axis (A) and have perforated holes (60, 64). and at opposite ends are open where - said drum (40) being coupled to a motor means (122, 124) rotating the drum (40) step by step so that each of said pressure chamber (56) is successively aligned with a loading point (74) in the housing (74). 100) and an unloading station (114); - the loading means (88, 9096) comprising said loading point (74) is disposed on one side of the drum (40) and is used for loading materials into a pressure chamber (56) temporarily aligned with the loading point through an open end on the same side; the end is closed by an ascending wall (78-80) facing it and adjacent to it; - said pressure station (100) having, on one side of the drum (40), a motorized press (110) which, through its open end, enters the pressure chamber (56) when temporarily aligned with the pressure point and compresses the materials within the chamber; leaking through chamber holes (60, 64) with the opposite end of the pressure chamber (56) closed by appropriate means (102,104); - said unloading station (114) is formed by a motorized exhaust piston (122) on one side of the drum (40) which enters through the open end when it is temporarily aligned with the unloading station and is displaced by an open end on the opposite side of the pressure chamber. materials. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that a wear-resistant cutting ring (68) is attached to the open end of each pressure chamber (56) on the loading means side (88, 90, 94, 96), which cuts together with the mounted annular rings. a blade (98) disposed between said loading means (88, 90, 94, 96) and a pressure chamber (56) temporarily aligned with said loading point. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the wear-resistant cutting ring (68) is mounted on both open ends (56) of the pressure chambers and in that the discharge point (114) is formed by a pair of opposite transverse walls (116, 118) respectively. opposite (or adjacent to) opposite open ends of a temporarily aligned pressure chamber, wherein said opposite transverse walls have respective coaxial openings (116a, 118a) which are aligned with a motorized exhaust piston (122) and adapted to cooperate with wear-resistant cutting rings (68). . 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said opposite transverse walls (116, 118) are covered by respective wear plates (116b, 118b) having respective openings (116c, 118c) and aligned with respective openings of the transverse walls, the wear plates (116b, 118b) are curved such that the distance between its orifice (116c, 118c) and its outer profile is uniformly reduced at the radial line (B '', BIV) which connects the axis (A) of the drum (40) with the orifice (116c, 118c) axis. 5. Apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the closing means comprises a hydraulic hoist (102) with a closing piston (104) directed to the open end of the compression chamber opposite to the press (110) when it is temporarily. aligned with the clamping point, and said closure piston (104) is surrounded by a wear ring (106) which is secured at an appropriate distance to the front surface (102a) of the hydraulic hoist (102). 6. A device according to claim 5, characterized in that said wear ring (106) is curved such that the distance between its orifice and its outer profile is uniformly reduced at the radial line (B ") connecting its axis to the axis of the drum (40). . 7. A device as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that said cutting ring (68) has a first portion (68a) of larger diameter which resiliently engages in an annular groove (66) formed at the corresponding open end of the pressure chamber, and is compressed between the bottom of said annular groove (66) and the annular plate (70, 72) secured to a respective longitudinal end of the drum and a second portion (68b) of smaller diameter that fits along the annular plate (70, 72). A device according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that said cutting ring (68) can move axially in an annular groove (66) formed at the corresponding open end of the pressure chamber.