LT5723B - Ammonium nitrate fertilizer with carbonates and zeolite - Google Patents

Abstract

The better physical and agrochemical properties of ammonium nitrate fertilizer with additive are obtained by using carbonate and zeolite additives. Such fertilizer is homogeneous composition of ammonium nitrate, carbonate and zeolite with the rate of carbonate and zeolite 10:1 to 1:1,1 and containing 20 % to 28 % nitrogen, 3 % to 21 % calcium oxide and 0,5 % to 8 % magnesium oxide. Carbonates are dolomite and/or limestone, with a purity not less than 90 % of their dry weight. Zeolite is natural mineral, consisting of clinoptilolite and montmorilonite with characteristic absorbtion of ammonium ions. The new composition of granulated fertilizer is not explosive, enriched with calcium, magnesium and trace elements ûMn, Zn, Cu, less washablefrom the soil, acts longer and gradually. Production of such fertilizer decreases emissions of ammonia into the environment.@

Description

The present invention relates to the field of nitrogen fertilizers and can be used for the production of ammonium nitrate fertilizers with carbonates and zeolite, which would be useful for a long time, reduce the harmful and loss of nitrogen leaching from the soil, more evenly nourish plants and increase their yield.

Known process for the production of granular nitrogenous fertilizers, wherein the resulting fertilizer comprises 88% to 95% ammonium nitrate and 5% to 12% zeolite (RU Patent No. 2113421, IPC C 05 C 1/02, C 05 G 3/04, 1998).

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The production method of these known nitrogenous fertilizers containing 5% to 12% zeolite improves the granulation process, reduces the energy consumption in the evaporation process, simplifies the design and size of the ammonium nitrate melt evaporation unit, but the resulting fertilizer retains high ammonium nitrate concentration. (88% to 95%). Nitrogen fertilizers of this composition are explosive and are classified under the United Nations International Classification of Goods Classification as a First Class of Dangerous Goods (New York and Geneva, 1995) and are therefore subject to transport and storage requirements. special safety requirements.

Also known is a mixture of ammonium nitrate consisting of 90% ammonium nitrate and 10% aluminosilicates containing montmorillonite (70%), atapulgite (20%), kaolin (10%) (GB Patent No. 1189448, IPC C 05). C 1 / 02,1970).

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The advantage of these known fertilizers is that the additive (aluminosilicates) contained therein absorbs the ammoniacal nitrogen and thus reduces the leaching of nitrogen from the soil and also reduces its losses and environmental pollution. However, this advantage does not compensate for the disadvantages, as the reduction in nitrogen is very insignificant and the additive in the fertilizer does not reduce the physiological acidity of the ammonium nitrate and does not enrich the nitrogen fertilizer with trace elements and important plant nutrients calcium and magnesium.

The closest technical solution of the present invention is by weight nitrogen fertilizers of the following composition: ammonium nitrate 76-94 and additive 6-24 by weight: clinoptilolite 30-40, calcite 3-40, montmorillonite 5-20, quartz 5

- 15, hydromuscavit 5 - 15, cristobalite 5-28 (RU Patent No. 2111937, TPK C 05 C1 / 02, C 05 G 3 / 04,1998).

These known nitrogen fertilizers are superior to ammonium nitrate because of their lower physiological acidity (pH value of the fertilizer solution is about 7.2), lower fertilizer leaching from the soil and lower nitrogen losses, but they have the following disadvantages: high concentration of ammonium nitrate (more than 80%). Such fertilizers are explosive and their transport and storage are complicated by special safety requirements in accordance with the above-mentioned United Nations recommendations. In addition, due to the high concentration of ammonium nitrate in the fertilizer and the various impurities in the natural zeolite, their production process is unsafe due to the possibility of extraneous chemical reactions that cause an explosion. The description of the present invention provides laboratory examples of the production of fertilizers and does not provide information on the industrial preparation of such a fertilizer composition, nor does it specify the physical properties of the fertilizer, its transport or storage conditions.

The object of the invention is to provide fertilizers with improved physical and agrochemical properties unexploded ammonium nitrate fertilizers with carbonates and zeolite, which would reduce the harmful and environmentally damaging nitrogen leaching from the soil, which would feed the plants longer with nitrogen, magnesium, calcium and trace elements.

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This object is achieved by the fact that in the ammonium nitrate fertilizer with additive, the additive is composed of carbonates and zeolite and the fertilizer consists of a homogeneous ternary composition of ammonium nitrate fertilizers, carbonates and zeolite with a carbonate to zeolite weight ratio of 10: 1 to 1: 1.1 and in which the nitrogen (N) is from 20% to 28%, the calcium oxide (CaO) from 3% to 21%, and the magnesium oxide (MgO) from 0.5% to 8%. Carbonates are dolomite or limestone or dolomite and limestone of a purity by weight of 90% or more, and zeolite is of natural origin containing the main minerals clinoptilolite and montmorillonite, which have the capacity to absorb ammoniacal nitrogen, and trace elements Mn, Zn, Cu.

Ammonium nitrate fertilizers of the following composition with carbonates and zeolite are prepared from ammonium nitrate solution, carbonates (dolomite or limestone or a mixture of dolomite and limestone) and zeolite as follows:

- crushed zeolite and carbonates into flour of a granulometric composition of not more than 1,0% fractions greater than 0,315 mm, not more than 2,5% fractions greater than 0,2 mm of a particle size of less than 0,1 mm, - not less than 60%, with a particle size of less than

Not less than 97,5% and not more than 0,2% by weight of water;

- mixing zeolite and carbonate flour with an ammonium nitrate solution in working concentration (95.5% to 97.5%);

- granulating a mixture of ammonium nitrate, carbonates and zeolite, obtained after mixing, in a granulator, at a temperature of 130 ° C to 160 ° C, by agglomeration;

- drying the granules, sifting and cooling them and spraying the resulting granular ammonium nitrate fertilizer with carbonates and zeolite with conditioning agents to prevent the granules from sticking and sticking to large pieces.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by examples.

sample One tonne of nitrogenous fertilizers with carbonates and zeolite is prepared as described above from qualities of 780 kg of 98% ammonium nitrate solution, 190 kg of dolomite flour, 30 kg of zeolite flour.

The fertilizers obtained were found to contain both plant-based nutrients in% by weight:

nitrogen (N) -27.0 zeolite - 3.64 calcium oxide (CaO) - 5.4. magnesium oxide (MgO) - 3.6

The moisture content of the obtained fertilizers was found to be 0.27%, average granule size - 3.82 mm, granulometric composition: granules from 2 mm to 5 mm - 98.1%, static granule strength - 60.8 N / gran.

sample One tonne of nitrogenous fertilizers containing carbonates and zeolite is prepared as described above from the qualities of 780 kg of 97% ammonium nitrate solution, 160 kg of dolomite flour, 60 kg of zeolite flour.

The fertilizers obtained were found to contain both plant-based nutrients in% by weight:

nitrogen (N) - 26.8 zeolite - 6.05 calcium oxide (CaO) - 5.0 magnesium oxide (MgO) -3.3

The moisture content of the obtained fertilizers was 0.3%, average granule size - 3.66 mm, granulometric composition: granules from 2 mm to 5 mm - 99.3%, static granule strength - 57.8 N / gran.

sample One tonne of nitrogenous fertilizers with carbonates and zeolite is prepared as described above from 750 kg of 95% ammonium nitrate solution, 160 kg of dolomite flour, 60 kg of zeolite flour and its qualitative characteristics are determined.

The fertilizers obtained were found to contain both plant-based nutrients in% by weight:

nitrogen (N) - 26.4 zeolite - 6.12 calcium oxide (CaO) - 5.2 magnesium oxide (MgO) - 3.5

The moisture content of the obtained fertilizers was found to be 0.34%, average granule size - 3.56 mm, granulometric composition: granules from 2 mm to 5 mm - 95.1%, static granule strength 81.2 N / gran.

sample One tonne of nitrogenous fertilizers containing carbonates and zeolite is prepared as described above from qualities of 720 kg of 94% ammonium nitrate solution, 200 kg of dolomite flour, 80 kg of zeolite flour. The fertilizers obtained were found to contain both plant-based nutrients in% by weight:

nitrogen (N) - 25.2 zeolite - 8.15 calcium oxide (CaO) - 6.03 magnesium oxide (MgO) - 4.02

The moisture content of the obtained fertilizers was found to be 0.46%, average granule size - 3.81 mm, granulometric composition: granules from 2 mm to 5 mm - 96.95%, static granule strength - 81.2 N / gran.

sample One tonne of nitrogenous fertilizers with carbonates and zeolite is prepared as described above from qualities of 720 kg of 94% ammonium nitrate solution, 160 kg of dolomite flour, 40 kg of limestone flour, 80 kg of zeoEto flour. The fertilizers obtained were found to contain both plant-based nutrients in% by weight:

nitrogen (N) - 24.2 zeolite -8.10 calcium oxide (CaO) - 7.03 magnesium oxide (MgO) - 3.50

The moisture content of the obtained fertilizers was found to be 0.47%, average granule size - 3.81 mm, granulometric composition: granules from 2 mm to 5 mm - 96.3%, static granule strength - 56.9 N / gran.

sample One tonne of nitrogenous fertilizers containing carbonates and zeolite is prepared as described above and is made from 720 kg of 95% ammonium nitrate solution, 100 kg of dolomite flour, 100 kg of limestone flour, 80 kg of zeolite flour. The fertilizers obtained were found to contain both plant-based nutrients in% by weight:

nitrogen (N) - 24.5 zeolite - 8.00 calcium oxide (CaO) - 8.13 magnesium oxide (MgO) - 2.13

The moisture content of the obtained fertilizers was found to be 0.47%, average granule size - 3.80 mm, granulometric composition: granules from 2 mm to 5 mm - 96.8%, static granule strength - 56, 8 N / gran.

sample one ton of nitrogenous fertilizers containing carbonates and zeolite is prepared as described above from 720 kg of 95% ammonium nitrate solution, 50 kg of dolomite flour, 150 kg of limestone flour, 80 kg of zeolite flour and its qualitative parameters have been determined. % by weight of elements:

nitrogen (N) - 24.5 zeolite- 8.0 calcium oxide (CaO) - 9.20 magnesium oxide (MgO) -1.10

The moisture content of the obtained fertilizers was determined to be 0.45 ° / o, the average pellet size was about 3.80 mm, the granulometric composition: pellets from 2 mm to 5 mm - 96.4%, static pellet strength - 57.1 N / gran .

sample One tonne of nitrogenous fertilizers containing carbonates and zeolite is prepared as described above from the qualities of 720 kg of 95% ammonium nitrate solution, 200 kg of limestone flour, 80 kg of zeolite flour. The fertilizers obtained were found to contain both plant-based nutrients in% by weight:

nitrogen (N) - 24.5 zeolite - 8.00 calcium oxide (CaO) -10.50 magnesium oxide (MgO) - 0.50

The moisture content of the obtained fertilizers was found to be 0.47%, average granule size - 3.80 mm, granulometric composition: granules from 2 mm to 5 mm - 97.0%, static granule strength - 57.2 N / gran.

Nitrogen fertilizers with carbonates and zeolite are made from ammonium nitrate solution, natural zeoEto and dolomite or limestone, or dolomite and limestone, the properties of which are given below.

The ammonium nitrate solution is obtained by neutralizing nitric acid with a concentration of at least 56,0% by gaseous ammonia. The ammonium nitrate solution is concentrated from 94% to 98%.

Natural dolomite is a mineral of rock origin, calcium magnesium carbonate, white to dark gray, and has a triangular rhombohedral structure. Dolomite supplements fertilizers with plant nutrients such as calcium, magnesium and trace elements, reduces the physiological acidity of ammonium nitrate, and helps to balance soil pH. The fertilizers of the present invention use a dolomite crush containing:

- calcium oxide (CaO) not less than 28,7%;

- magnesium oxide (MgO) not less than 19,0%;

- iron oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) not more than 2,0%;

- not more than 1,5% of alumina (A1 ₂ O ₃ );

- silica (SiO 2 - not more than 3.0%;

not less than 43,0% of carbon dioxide (CO 2).

Dolomite granulometry: not more than 10% fraction from 16,0 mm to 22,4 mm, not more than 15% less than 5,0 mm.

Limestone is a sedimentary carbonate rock, the color of which is mostly light, depending on impurities: white, gray, yellowish, brownish, sometimes mottled. Ingredients: predominant mineral calcite (about 95%) with dolomite, aleurite, mocha, sand, impurities.

Natural zeolite is a mineral of the aluminosilicate class of rock origin, ecologically clean, inert and non-toxic material, the main active components are clinoptilolite and montmorillonite. CeoEto general chemical formula Mx / n [AlxSiyO ₂ (x + y) * H ₂ O, clinoptiloEt (K ₂ , Na ₂ , Ca) [Al ₂ Si _{7) 5} _ _n , O _19i0 . _{26 0} ] (6-8) H ₂ O and its chemical composition is shown in Table 1.

table. Chemical composition of zeolite,% by weight

SiO ₂ A1A Fe ₂ O ₃ TiO ₂ CaO MgO P ₂ o _s K ₂ O + Na ₂ O F As Pb Cu 71.5 13.1 0.9 03 2.1 1.07 0.033 5.03 0.025 0.002 0.002 0.002

Ceolite contains other elements whose composition is given in Table 2.

table. Other elements are zeolite, g / 1 ton.

Mn Zn Ga Th Rb Y Zr Nb Ba 242 45 20th 12th 110 22nd 235 22nd 232

Moisture content of zeolite - 4%, granulometry: content of fraction larger than 35 mm - maximum 5%. Zeolite has unique absorptive properties and supplements fertilizers with plant nutrient macronutrients, increases the static strength of pellets by 1.5 to 2 times, slows down the solubility of fertilizers, reduces nutrient leaching from the soil, remains in the soil for a long time and does not acidify.

The examples of nitrogenous fertilizers containing carbonates and zeolite show that the composition of the fertilizer shown in Example 4 is the most efficient for agriculture and environmental protection. Compared to the known nitrogen fertilizers, the resulting fertilizers have a more varied composition of nutrients, higher calcium and magnesium content, longer and more even action. In addition, leaching from soil nitrogen is less, because zeolite binds ammonia in fertilizers and soil, which reduces nutrient losses and environmental pollution and protects crop production from excess nitrate. In 2007, the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture conducted agrochemical research and found that nitrogen fertilizers with additive (zeolite and dolomite), compared to calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer (KAN-27), had better agrochemical properties when applied to the main field crops - winter wheat, spring barley. and sugar beet. The yield was obtained from 1 ha: sugar beet root crops - up to 1.8 t, winter wheat grain - 0.23 t, barley grain - up to 0.20 t. Sugar beet sugar content increased by 0.40 percentage points and winter wheat grain protein content increased by 0.22 percentage points. Vegetative tests were also carried out, which showed that 30.2% of soil was leached from migratory waters. less mineral nitrogen and 6.8 percent. less other salt cations.

It should also be noted that the production of new nitrogen fertilizers with carbonates and zeolite has resulted in a 2-3 fold reduction in ammonia release because the active ingredient zeolite, clinoptilolite, is capable of absorbing the released gas after dehydration. The strength of the fertilizer granules increased, the average static granule strength is from 56.8 N / granule to 81.2 N / granule, the known nitrogen fertilizer calcium ammonium nitrate static granule strength is (40 - 55) N / granule. Due to the well-selected ratio of ammonium nitrate, carbonate and zeolite, fertilizers are non-explosive and have better physical properties as their pellets are stronger, coarser, rounder and more uniform, resulting in significantly less sticking and aggregation, improved bitumen fertilizer and improved resistance for temperature fluctuations (up to 10 cycles of temperature fluctuation). These features simplify storage and transport conditions during the hot season. In addition, coarser, firmer, rounder and more uniform pellet fertilizers are more evenly distributed over the fertilizer spreader.

The present invention can be used in the fertilizer industry to produce nitrogenous fertilizers with carbonates and zeolite, which extends the range of fertilizers. The resulting fertilizers have better agrochemical and physical properties and can be used to more efficiently fertilize plants while increasing yields and quality through less nitrate contamination of plants, their crops and the environment.

Claims (3)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. Ammonium nitrate fertilizers with carbonates and zeolite, consisting of ammonium nitrate and an additive, characterized in that the additive consists of carbonates and zeolite, and the fertilizer is a homogeneous composition of three components - ammonium nitrate, carbonate and zeolite - with a carbonate to zeolite weight ratio containing from 10: 1 to 1: 1.1 containing from 20% to 28% total nitrogen (N), from 3% to 21% calcium oxide (CaO) and from 0,5% to 8% magnesium oxide (MgO) ). 2. Ammonium nitrate fertilizers with carbonates and zeolite as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the carbonates are dolomite or limestone or a mixture of dolomite and limestone and the carbonates have a purity by weight of 90% or more. 3. Ammonium nitrate fertilizers with carbonates and zeolite as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the zeolite is a natural substance containing clinoptilolite and montmorillonite as the main active substance, which has the ability to absorb ammoniacal nitrogen, without the elements Mn, Zn, Cu.