LT5579B - METHOD OF BIOLOGICAL CLEANING OF GROUND, FLOWED OIL OR ITS PRODUCTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of biotechnology and environmental protection and is suitable for biological treatment of soil contaminated with oil and petroleum products under ex situ or in situ conditions. Purification is done by adding mineral fertilizers into the contaminated soil, applying contaminated soil to the soil by periodically cultivating it, homogenizing and aeration, moisturizing the contaminated soil, and adding the green biomass of the seedlings in the initial stage of its purification (Secale cereale). as a source of oil-degrading enzymes (oxidase, catalase, peroxidase) and other physiologically active compounds.

Description

The invention relates to the field of biotechnology and environmental protection and is suitable for ex situ or in situ biological treatment of soil contaminated with oil or oil products such as fuel oil.

As oil and soil contamination of soils and soils is known to increase, oil oxidising microorganisms (NOMs) have been introduced for their purification and environmental bio-purification technologies using NOMs have been developed and improved.

In recent years, new ways to clean soil contaminated with heavy metals, pesticides, oil and oil products have been sought, and there is a growing interest in the use of higher-yielding plants and their root system. The use of plants to reduce or completely decontaminate pollutants of various origins in a substrate is called phytoremediation. For phytoremediation, various plant species belonging to woody, herbaceous, and leguminous (bean) plants are used. These plants have a well-developed root and rhizome system. They spread rapidly in a contaminated area from an unpolluted area. Depending on the concentration of petroleum-resistant plant roots and roots, the plant rhizosphere accumulates tens of times more microorganisms than the soil located further from the roots or rhizomes. Plant roots exhibit well-expressed extracellular proteolytic activity. As a result, nitrogen, which is difficult to access for microorganisms, becomes easily absorbed. Plant roots have phosphatase activity. It improves the conversion of soil organophosphates and superphosphate fertilizers incorporated into soil. Phosphorus is becoming more accessible to various soil physiological groups and oil-oxidizing microorganisms.

In addition to absorbing the free ions (cations and anions) of the soil and soil solution, poisonous plants also release various organic compounds (some of which are physiologically active compounds), which, as a food source for microorganisms, ensure their rapid growth. (Edited by K. Jankevičius and R. Liužinas. Biological purification of the environment, 2003). The intake of pollutants through the roots of plants and their decontamination are increasingly being investigated. Plant root system peroxidases have been shown to be involved in the polymerization of phenolic compounds in vitro, which are removed from solutions (Alder, P.R. et al., Bioremediation of phenolic compounds from water by plant root surface peroxidases. J. of Environment Quality, 1994).

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are hydrophobic compounds. They are poorly absorbed by plants. Thus, many plants are not directly involved in the decomposition of some pollutants. They exert their root exudates to enhance the growth of rhizosphere microorganisms and thus participate in the co-oxidation of contaminants (Kamath R.J. et al., Effects of plant-derived substrates on expression of catabolic genes using a leather-lux reporter, 2004).

Many plant species in the rhizosphere form microbial cenoses with well-expressed degradation potential. The role of the rhizosphere of Medicago sativa, Phragmites australis, Sorghum sudane nse, Festuca arundinacea, Oryza sativa, Panicum virgatum in the degradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons has been extensively studied (Muratova A. et al. International Journal of Phytoremediation, vol 5 (2), 2003; Ho CH et al. , International Journal of Phytoremediation, vol 9 (2), 2007).

The disadvantage of the aforementioned works and many other works of a similar nature is that they are in the laboratory research stage and are not suitable for environmental bio-purification. So far, only a few studies are used for practical purposes - oil and oil product decomposition, and the above mentioned methods are ineffective when the soil or oil product contamination is very high and reaches 30,000 mg / kg of dry soil and more.

The closest known biofeedback treatment of oil-contaminated soil is described in the patent specification LT 4593 B, which, at a concentration of soil contamination of petroleum products up to 6,000-7,000 mg / kg of dry soil, enters into the soil oil-tolerant plants of higher crops. seeds, grow plants and use their rhizosphere to cleanse the soil.

The disadvantage of this inherently positive way is that its practical application is limited. Petroleum products are toxic. Plant seeds are sown for germination only when the concentration of petroleum products in the cleaning soil decreases to 6-7 g / kg. Meanwhile, the soil is prepared for bio-cleaning when its oil content is high and reaches about 30,000 mg / kg soil.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to improve the cleaning efficiency of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons at high soil contamination levels of 29,000 to 30,000 mg / kg of dry soil, while cheapening the process using inexpensive native crop biomass to aid in intensifying important oil-decomposing microorganisms. and active degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons.

The problem is solved by carrying out biological treatment of soil contaminated with oil or oil products by adding mineral fertilizers to the soil, treating the soil, periodically cultivating the soil, irrigating the soil with high concentration of soil contamination. At 29,000-30,000 mg / kg dry soil, it adds enzymes (oxidases, catalases, peroxidases), which are important for enhancing the activity of oil-decomposing microorganisms and capable of self-decomposition of petroleum hydrocarbons, to the soil during the initial purification stage.

The source of enzymes (oxidases, catalases, peroxidases) capable of self-decomposition of petroleum hydrocarbons is the use of crushed biomass of indigenous crops - agricultural crops.

Crushed green biomass of poisonous crops is characterized by the presence of oil-oxidizing enzymes and other physiologically active compounds to enhance the activity of oil-decomposing microorganisms.

For the biological cleaning of soil contaminated with oil or oil products, winter rye (Secale cereale) selected from poisonous crops, whose green biomass is produced by crushing winter rye plants until they are cut from about 1.5 to about 3.5 cm length and the liquid content of the plant mass is evolved.

The plant mass thus prepared is better distributed in the contaminated soil and the existing plant choppers make the soil shorter and allow oxygen to penetrate into the deeper layers of the soil, where the liquid-containing enzymes directly oxidize petroleum hydrocarbons.

Winter rye green biomass uses at least 25 kg to a maximum of 1000 kg of petroleum-contaminated soil.

This quantity ensures intensive reproduction and efficient activity of oil-oxidising micro-organisms present in the soil.

In temperate climate zones, winter rye biomass is evenly dispersed in oil polluted soil in contaminated soil and applied to the soil in spring, late May to early June, when the soil temperature is at least 12-14 ° C.

The selected winter rye is most suitable because it grows strong, deep roots. They germinate at 1-2 ° C soil temperature. In spring, as soon as the by-products disappear, the above-ground portion of the rye plant begins to grow intensively, and at the end of May / early June their green biomass is sufficient to carry out ex situ treatment of oil-contaminated soil.

The method was implemented by selecting agricultural crops suitable for biological treatment. The selection was based on the morphological and physiological properties of the oil-resistant wild plants. The biological indicative method for soil contamination with petroleum products was used as shown in Example 1 below. Plants with a well-developed root and rhizome system were found to be most resistant to oil pollution. These include Calamagrostis epigeeos, Carex arenaria, Carex hirta, Elytrigia rapper, Leymus arenarius, Poa compressa, Artemisia campestris, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Tanacetum vulgare, Tussilago farfara. Wild (spontaneous) plants were used for selection. Wild plants have been used as model crops in the selection of oil-tolerant crops. The use of spontaneous plants for bio-purification under industrial conditions was found to be complicated. It is difficult to collect their seeds. They can only be grown under certain soil conditions. Agricultural crops are far more universal in terms of ecological conditions.

Several crops were selected from trials from a number of agricultural crops, of which winter rye (Secale cereale) was selected as the most suitable crop for bio-purification. Winter rye grows strong, deep roots. They germinate at 1-2 ° C soil temperature. They do not need much moisture to germinate. In the spring, as soon as the germs disappear, the above-ground part of the plant begins to grow vigorously. Its green biomass at the end of May, early June, is sufficient to carry out ex situ treatment of oil-contaminated soil.

The essence of the problem solution is that natural rye meadow embedded in oil (diesel, fuel oil) contaminated substrate increases the degradation of these products within 21 days (Example 2) compared to control, 29-36% (diesel - 36%, fuel oil). - 29%).

Experiments using natural and cured (at 105 ° C / day) biomass of rye grass have shown that heating it twice reduces its effect on the degradation of petroleum products. It has been concluded that heating of rye biomass (which reduces its destructive activity) results in coagulation of biomass proteins and thereby inactivates enzyme systems involved in petroleum decomposition (these are two-component, composed of both a thermolabile protein called an enzyme and a coenzyme). includes B vitamins). To further evaluate the catalytic properties of rye biomass, the effect of this biomass, uncooked and heat treated, on the decomposition of hydrocarbons decane, hexadecane and naphthalene was investigated.

It has been found (Example 3) that untreated rye biomass (over a relatively short period of 7 days) significantly increases the decomposition of hydrocarbons (63% for decane, 24% for hexadecane, and up to 17% for hard naphthalene). The effect of heat-treated rye biomass on the decomposition of petroleum hydrocarbons was 2-3 times smaller. This phenomenon is related to the inactivation of physiologically active substances in rye biomass, in particular enzymes. The activity of rye biomass enzymes - oxidases, catalases, peroxidases was evaluated. It is positive and well expressed throughout the study period (7-21 days) (Example 4). Once again, it has been shown that the amino acids, vitamins, chlorophylls, enzymes of the biologically active substance of rye-grass biomass play a significant role in the decomposition of petroleum hydrocarbons. Physiologically active substances are known to be required for the growth and reproduction of oil-oxidizing microorganisms (NOMs). Part of the NOM is capable of self-synthesizing all the organic compounds necessary for their growth. They are called prototrophs. Part of NOM is unable to perform this fusion job. These physiologically active compounds must be obtained from the country. These NOMs are called auxotrophs.

Rye grass biomass is a source not only of biogenic (mineral) substances but also of high activity compounds - amino acids, vitamins, chlorophylls, enzymes. Oil-oxidizing microorganisms, both prototrophs and auxotrophs, receive high-value compounds for their cell building and synthesis of petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading enzymes, which facilitate their subsequent synthesis. Rye biomass enzymes are directly used for the decomposition of petroleum hydrocarbons. The oxidative, catalytic, and peroxidase activity of rye grass biomass indicates that this biomass is capable of participating in petroleum hydrocarbon decomposition processes similar to NOM.

A major advantage of the proposed biological treatment method for soil contaminated with petroleum or oil products, and the essence of the invention, is that the raw biomass of rye is injected into the petroleum-contaminated soil ex situ under high oil pollution (up to 30). 000 mg / kg of primer). This biomass is introduced into the cleaned soil in the temperate zone and distributed evenly throughout the soil column in spring, late May to early June. Prior to incorporation into the soil, rye biomass is minced to produce 2 to 3 cm long choppers to make the liquid content of the biomass more readily accessible to soil microorganisms involved in the biofeedback process and the liquid content of the enzymes to directly oxidize petroleum hydrocarbons.

The amount of usable rye green biomass shall not be less than 25 kg / 1000 kg of soil contaminated by petroleum products.

example

The pollution of soil and soil by oil and its products is very well demonstrated by plants. Degree of degradation of plant communities - decrease in plant species composition, abundance, yield, size, projection - depends on soil oil concentration. The biological indicator method for soil contamination by oil products (soil contamination criteria) developed in accordance with the invention allows not only to determine the extent of contamination but also to identify the most contaminated plant species.

Criteria for the assessment of soil contamination by fuel oil

Degree- nis Assessment of soil contamination Indicator of vegetation degradation compared to control (%) Degree of biological degradation 0 Not contaminated Less than 5 0 1 Slightly contaminated 6-10 I 2 Moderately contaminated (1) 11-25 II

Ί

3 Moderately contaminated (2) 26-50 III 4 Very polluted 51-75 IV 5 Extremely contaminated More than 75 V

Moderate contamination (2) indicates a concentration of 5,000 mg / kg dry soil contamination by fuel oil.

Degrees of biodegradation corresponding to soil contamination:

the communities are composed of normally developed plants of typical species; the number, diversity and projection of species are in line with the Community standard.

the species composition and structure of the communities is similar to that of natural but anthropogenic communities; the plants are slightly lower and the diversity of species is even greater due to the presence of ruderal species (litter and overgrown species).

The number and projection of species II is approximately 30% lower and the plants lower.

The number of III species, projection, height and viability of typical plants is 50% lower than in natural habitat communities.

IV small-scale plant clusters consisting mainly of vegetative individuals.

V plant cover destroyed, there may be single, random plants.

example

In order to determine the biomass capacity of poisonous plants to decompose petroleum hydrocarbons, they have been maximally detached from oil-oxidizing microorganisms, but are inevitable. They got into the samples with petroleum products.

Sterile, annealed (to burn organic matter) sand was used as substrate for testing. Rye grass biomass was used. Rye blossoms are grown to a height of 25-30 cm. A well-crushed, puree-like mass was used for the tests. It was used in its natural state and heated at 105 ° C for 24 hours. (to inactivate physiologically active substances with the potential to destroy petroleum hydrocarbons).

The research was carried out with diesel and fuel oil.

Indicators to be recorded:

- changes in oil products (diesel, fuel oil) after 7, 17 and 27 days;

- dynamics of hydrogen ion concentration (pH) over the same intervals.

The tests were performed at 25 ° C.

The study (ten-member) was structured as follows:

Control - 2 kg sterile sand + 20 ml diesel.

Control - 2 kg sterile sand + 20 ml of fuel oil.

Option 1 - 2 kg sterile sand + 20 ml diesel + 200 g crushed rye mead.

Option 2 - 2 kg sterile sand + 20 ml diesel + 50 g crushed rye mead.

Option 3 - 2 kg of sterile sand + 20 ml of diesel + 200 g of heated rye mead.

Option 4 - 2 kg of sterile sand + 20 ml of diesel + 50 g of heated rye mead.

Option 5 - 2 kg of sterile sand + 20 ml of fuel oil + 200 g of crushed rye grass.

Option 6 - 2 kg of sterile sand + 20 ml of fuel oil + 50 g of crushed rye grass.

Option 7 - 2 kg sterile sand + 20 ml of fuel oil + 200 g of heated rye mead.

Option 8 - 2 kg sterile sand + 20 ml of fuel oil + 50 g of heated rye mead.

Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) varied little between the test variants. It ranged between 6.5 and 7.5.

Studies have shown a positive effect of rye-grass biomass on the biodestruction of petroleum products (diesel, fuel oil). Natural rye grass (200 g / 2 kg substrate) increased diesel degradation by 36% and fuel oil by 29% over 21 days compared to controls. The effect of heated rye meadow on the decomposition of diesel and fuel oil was doubled. Rye grass is considered as a source of nutrition for oil-oxidizing microorganisms. In addition to the basic biogenic elements, minerals, carbohydrates and proteins, there are physiologically active substances, free amino acids, vitamins, chlorophyll, enzymes. The effect of cured rye grass biomass on the destruction of petroleum products is weakened by coagulation of biomass proteins and inactivation of enzymes. The enzymes that break down petroleum products are composed of two components: a thermolabile protein called apoenzyme and a coenzyme containing the B vitamins niacin, B ₂ (riboflavin), Bi (thiamine), pantothenic acid and B ₂ (cobalamin), so pat iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo).

By heating rye grass we reduce the concentration of some thermolabile B vitamins, coagulate enzyme proteins, and inactivate the enzymes themselves. In addition, we render soluble calcium hydrophosphates insoluble. The thermal treatment of rye grass has helped to reveal the main reasons for the significant reduction in the catalytic capacity of the biodegradation of petroleum products.

example

For a more detailed evaluation of the catalytic properties of rye biomass, the effect of this biomass (natural and cured) on the decomposition of petroleum hydrocarbons was investigated.

Sterile hydrocarbons were used for the study: dean, hexadecane, naphthalene. Dean (n-decane), C10H22, molecular weight 142.29 g / mol, alkane group hydrocarbon, melting point: 30 ° C, boiling point: 174 ° C, 0.5% and 0.1% concentration in dean.

Hexadecane (n-hexadecane), CH ₃ (CH ₂ ) 14 CH ₃ , molecular weight 226.45 g / mol, alkane group hydrocarbon, melting point 18 ° C, boiling point 287 ° C, hexadecane 0.5% .

Naphthalene C ₁₀ H _8, molecular weight 128.6 g / mol, Daugiažiedės aromatic hydrocarbon boiling in the range - 218 "C, melting - 80.5" C were used a 0.5% naphthalene.

Sucrose-free Chapek's medium was used as a substrate.

Sterile rye seeds were sown on sterile filter paper and grown in box for 20 days to reach a height of 30 cm. The greens are crushed to a puree. One part of the purée was used in its natural state, the other part was used after heat treatment (heated at 105 'C for 24 hours).

The following test scheme is drawn up:

Control - Chapeck's sucrose-free medium with 0.5% dean.

Control - Chapeck's sucrose-free medium with 0.5% hexadecane.

Control - Chapeck's sucrose-free medium with 0.5% naphthalene.

Variant - Chapeck's sucrose-free medium with 0.5% decane + 10% rye biomass, not heat treated.

'0 EN 5579 Variant B - Chapeck's sucrose-free medium with 0.5% dean + 2.5% rye biomass, not heat-treated.

variant - Chapek medium without sucrose with 0.1% dean + 10% rye biomass, not heat treated.

variant - Chapeck's sucrose-free medium with 0.5% decane + 10% rye biomass, heat treated.

variant - Chapeck's sucrose-free medium with 0.5% dean + 2.5% rye biomass, heat treated.

variant - Chapeck's sucrose-free medium with 0.1% decane + 10% rye biomass, heat treated.

variant - Chapeck medium without sucrose with 0,5% hexadecane + 10% rye biomass, not heat treated.

variant - Chapeck's sucrose-free medium with 0.5% hexadecane + 10% rye biomass, heat treated.

Variant - Chapek medium without sucrose with 0.5% naphthalene + 10% rye biomass, not heat treated.

variant - Chapek medium without sucrose with 0.5% naphthalene + 10% rye biomass, heat treated.

Test duration - 7 days.

The evaporation intensity of the hydrocarbons used in the study was checked. After 7 days, control flasks showed a 70.5% reduction in decane; naphthalene 26.4%; hexadecano - 5.0%. The hydrocarbon decomposition rate was calculated based on the amount of hydrocarbon remaining after evaporation.

The results of the studies showed a marked reduction of the hydrocarbon dean in variants with Chapeck's medium and green rye-grass biomass. This reduction was close to 63% (0.1% decane + 10% of celandine biomass) and more (0.5% decane + 10% of celandine biomass). Less decomposed decane (55%) in the variant containing 2.5% biomass (option 2). The decane reduction in variants (4, 5, 6), when using heat-treated rye ground biomass, is about 18% and is three times less than when using raw rye ground biomass. This indicates that thermal treatment of celandine biomass inactivates its physiologically active substances.

Hexadecane is less degraded than dean. In the variant with untreated rye biomass, 24% hydrocarbon was found, while in the case of twice-treated rye, 12%.

Naphthalene is further degraded, from 5% (variant 10) to 17% (variant 9). The pattern remains the same: when untreated rye biomass is used, the degradation effect is two to three times higher than that of the heat treated rye biomass, which is due to the physiologically active substances, their inactivation.

example

The influence of rye biomass enzymes on petroleum hydrocarbon degradation was evaluated.

Hexadecane 0.5% and diesel 1.0% were used for the study.

Hydrocarbons were used in a sterile, carbon-free medium of M9 mineral salts (Sambrook et al., 1989).

Raw rye biomass was used, 2.5% of its content in the medium.

Changes in hydrocarbon content were determined for 7, 14 and 21 days. The fractions of diesel hydrocarbons were determined by chromatography.

Oxidative, catalase and peroxidase activity were evaluated. A 1: 1 mixture of 1% NNN'N'-tetra-methyl-p-phenylenediamine dichloride and 1% ascorbic acid was used to determine oxidative activity.

The catalase-peroxidase activity was evaluated with 0.2% catechol and 1% hydrogen peroxide in H2O2 solution 1: 1.

The working scheme is as follows:

Control - Mineral medium without carbon source + 2.5% rye grass biomass.

variant - mineral medium without carbon source + 2.5% rye grass biomass + 0.5% hexadecane.

Alternatively, 1.0% of diesel is added to the non-sterile soil, which is mixed with 2.5% of rye grass biomass.

The study showed a 64% reduction in hexadecane in liquid mineral medium with green rye biomass. Analogous results were obtained with the variation of diesel content and its fractions in soil mixed with rye grass biomass. Almost 70% of the diesel was broken down, of which 65% is for the hungry fraction and 5% for the aromatic fraction.

The enzyme activity data for rye grass biomass is presented in the table

Enzymes Daily 7th 14th 21st Oxidases + + + Catalase + + + Peroxidase + + +

Research data indicate that physiologically active substances (amino acids, vitamins, chlorophylls, enzymes) of rye meadow biomass play an important role in the decomposition of petroleum hydrocarbon hexadecane and diesel (alkane and aromatic fraction). Oxidative, catalytic and peroxidase activity are well expressed in rye biomass.

An additional iodometric test was performed to assess the potential oxidative reducing enzyme activity of rye grass. 25 grams of rye seed were used. They were triturated with 10 ml metaphosphoric acid (5% we use this acid). Transfer the contents into a 100 ml volumetric flask (rinse the sink with the same metaphosphoric acid and transfer the solution into the same volumetric flask). Make up to 100 ml with metaphosphoric acid. Leave the mixture to stand for 3 hours. (we stir it from time to time, shake it). We then filter through a paper filter. Take 25 ml of the filtrate. Add a few drops of starch paste (use 1% starch paste) to the filtrate. Titrate with Lugol's solution (0.005 nJ in KJ solution) until blue.

The oxidative reductive activity of 100 g of rye meadow grass was determined by the formula

X = -ml 0.005 nJ of solution, c

where a is the volume in ml of iodine solution used for the titration, b is the dilution, c is the mass of the analyte.

Studies have shown the potential for reductive activity of rye grass (100 g)

227.2 mL of 0.005 nJ solution.

example

The investigation of the use of rye green biomass for the degradation of petroleum products - fuel oil under production conditions. Four plots of 50 m ² - 2 control and 2 pilot - were selected for the plot, which is contaminated with fuel oil (10 000 mg / kg). Fuel oil consists of the following hydrocarbon complexes (%): paraffin-naphthenic hydrocarbons - 15; olefins and cyclodiolefins 5; alkylaromatic hydrocarbons - 1; alkyldiaromatic hydrocarbons 4; polyaromatic hydrocarbons - 20; benzene resins - 30; alcohol benzene resins 25.

The concentration of hydrogen ions (pH) was 6.5-7.5 in both control and test plots. The soil to be cleaned was uniformly fertilized with mineral NPK fertilizers. It is inoculated with a complex of oil oxidizing microorganisms. Normal humidity of the soil is maintained (60% of its water volume). The soil is aerated by regular loosening and homogenizing.

To the cleaned soil (2 barrels) with a layer thickness of 40 cm and a weight of 64 000 kg is inserted 1600 kg of rye green mass.

The study showed that rye green biomass increases the decomposition of fuel oil to a level comparable to that obtained in laboratory conditions.

Patented bio-treatment of soil contaminated with petroleum or petroleum products by using indigenous plant green biomass enzymes allows efficient cleaning of contaminated soil ex situ or in situ at high soil contamination levels of petroleum products up to 29,000-30,000 mg / kg dry soil this process utilizes inexpensive indigenous agricultural crops to enhance the activity of important oil-decomposing microorganisms and the active biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The patented method can be effectively used to eliminate hydrocarbon contaminants in the soil during accidents in a temperate climate zone.

Claims (7)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. A method of biological treatment of soil contaminated with oil or oil products by applying mineral fertilizers to the soil contaminated by soil treatment, homogenization and aeration by periodic cultivation, irrigating the soil contaminated with a high concentration of oil contaminated soil to 29 000-30 000 mg / kg of dry soil, in the soil in the initial stage of its purification add enzymes (oxidase catalase peroxidases), which are important for intensifying the activity of oil-decomposing microorganisms and are capable of self-decomposition of petroleum hydrocarbons. 2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the source of the enzymes (oxidase catalase peroxidases) capable of self-decomposition of petroleum hydrocarbons is the use of crushed biomass of poisonous crops. 3. A process according to claim 2, wherein the crushed biomass of winter rye (Secale cereale) is used as the crushed biomass of the agricultural crop. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said winter rye pulverized biomass is produced by crushing winter rye plants until said plant chops reach a length of about 1.5 to about 3.5 cm and the liquid content of the plant mass is released. 5. A process according to claims 2-4, wherein the winter biomass uses a minimum of 25 kg of oil biomass to be cleaned with oil. 6. A bud according to claims 2-5, wherein the green biomass of winter rye is evenly dispersed in the contaminated soil and is applied to the soil by application. 7. A process according to claim 6, wherein in the temperate climate zone, the winter rye biomass to be cleaned ex situ in oil-contaminated soil is uniformly dispersed in the contaminated soil and applied to the soil during spring, from late May to early June. below 12-14 ° C.