LT5358B - Improved chisel mortiser - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of tools designated to treatment of wood. Mortisers are used for severing of wood flutes, which then are used for physical and chemical tests. The proposed mortisers enable to collect the precise wood samples.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of wood tools for woodworking, carving, carving, and can also be used in the manufacture of various wood products, wood chipping.

In assessing the pollution of the nuclear industry, especially after nuclear power plant accidents, as well as during nuclear tests, large quantities of radionuclides are released into the ambient air, which subsequently settle on the ground and enter nutrients into plants. To determine the pathways of contaminant migration and the dynamics of contamination, it is necessary to investigate the annual wrinkles of woody plants, and to determine the distribution and accumulation of artificial and natural radionuclides or other contaminants.

Various sampling methods are used to sample wood samples based on annual woody plant ridges; cutting, splitting, drilling, planing, shaving, etc., but this method results in low weight samples and very high labor costs. Large quantities of wood are required for radiometric testing of annual plant ridges, and the number of samples depends on the age of the plant from 10 to 200. With modified chisels, wood samples are taken after cutting and cutting the tree horizontally, up to 50 mm thick. pads, because only then can samples be taken exactly by year (ribs) and there is no limit to their quantity and weight. The cut pad is sanded to reveal the annual grooves of the tree, then the age of the plant is determined and the grooves are highlighted with a pen. Using a forged chopper (depending on the diameter of the woody annual groove), a sample of wood is easily taken from the grooves, according to the annual groove of the plant.

Modified chisels - prototype chippers - hand chisels used for wood splitting; they are patent class B25D3 / 00. Chisel-chopper analogs are described in European Patents EP 0551549, EP 001284 and British Patent GB

1429297. The patents describe improvements to chisels that allow the chisels to cut or split a certain portion of the wood as perfectly and accurately as possible. Forged prototypes do not have distributed and curved blades that allow the wood to be split in a semicircle, under the wood grooves. Also, the prototypes are not of various widths, which are selected according to the annual grooves of the wood. In addition, the prototypes do not contain limiters that prevent the guilt from deviating to the other annual grooves of the sawn timber.

The object of the invention is to distinguish, by means of modified chisels of a chiselled fruit tree, exactly according to the annual bark of a woody plant. These forged wood samples are taken faster and more accurately than conventional chisels or various knives, planers, shavers or the like.

Multiple forms of chisels-chippers are used for high-quality and optimal separation of wood specimens based on annual grooves. In addition to making one-year annual grooves, manufactured chisels-chippers are also suitable for immediate sampling of three to five annual grooves. Also, these chisels-chippers allow accurate sampling without mixing its annual grooves.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the chisel-chopper and end views of its individual forms.

Modified chiselled choppers consist of a round and elongated rod (f) (Fig. 1) with a metal-reinforced upper part (g), a flat metal part (g), the end of which is extended both by the bevel (b) and by the end-stop ( c).

Modifying conventional chisels, four-chisel chisels (Fig. 1) are made, three of which have a curved shape of 100 mm, 130 mm, 180 mm in length and one equal to 150 mm in length. The chopper blade has a width of 50 mm and is selected so that there is no vertical deflection to another groove during chopping. The forging yield was determined by experimental studies of the practical splitting of wood specimens.

The manufactured chisels-chippers are adapted to separate the grooves of the cut woody plants 10-80 years old. Smooth forging is applicable to bark and the separation of annual ridges of pads larger than 500 mm in diameter. The height of the broken blocks should not exceed 5 cm. Cutting higher pads would inevitably lead to larger errors in wood sampling due to the roughness of the exposed surfaces. The forged blade is spread by welding metal plates made of extremely durable tool steel that does not deform and the blade remains sharp for a long time. The chisel blade produced has a heeling angle of not more than 25 ° and a chisel blade (a) (Fig. 1) at least 10 mm high.

Multiple sizes of chisels are used to adjust their configurations to the curvature of the grooves and to avoid errors related to the separation of the groove. The forged blade is supplemented with a 10 mm stop (c) (Fig. 1), which has a 45 ° inclination perpendicular to the blade, which prevents the annual wood chips from slicing from following the next year, thus forming and making more accurate specimens.

The chisel starts with a larger diameter and bending chisel, and then with a smaller diameter and a larger blade inclination angle as the chipping bar decreases.

Table. Specific activity of ¹³⁷ Cs (Bq / kg) in wood by different methods

Queues No. In planing separating grooves (first method) In simple terms guilty separating grooves (second method) Modified guilty separating grooves {third method) The result deviation %, comparing second method with the first one The result deviation in%, comparing third method with the first one 1 2 3 4 5 6th 1 5.6 4.3 6.1 23.2 8.9 2 3.4 3.6 3.1 5.9 8.8 3 10.1 8.8 10.6 12.9 4.9 4 7.5 8.3 7.2 17.8 4.0 5 3.1 3.5 3.4 12.9 9.6 6th 0.9 1.4 1.1 55.5 22.2 7th 1.1 0.8 0.9 27.3 18.2 8th 3.0 3.3 2.8 10.0 6.7

Planing and carving is one of the optimum methods for separating the annual grooves, but this requires a lot of care and time to separate the grooves. With modified chisels, samples are taken up to 20 times faster than with carving and the errors are not significant. Modified chisels provide a more accurate groove separation than conventional chisels. This is confirmed by the data in the table. The average error of measurement for radiometric studies was 20%.

Slight errors were obtained using modified forged s-skeletons (see table). Comparing the data in the table, we can see that modified chisels make it much more accurate to distinguish between annual chisels than conventional chisels. The evaluation of the three methods of separating the slabs (planing, chiselling and modified chisels) showed that, compared to the optimum planing method, the data errors of conventional chisels are from 5.9 to

55.5%, while using the modified chisels offered, the deviation ranged from 4.0 to 18.2 percent.

Comparison of simple chisels with modified ones shows that modified chisels take on average ~ 10 ± 1% more accurately. Taking into account the labor and time costs, it has been found that sampling wood with modified chisels reduces the time cost by up to 5 times on average.

Claims (4)

Definition of the Invention Modified chisel-chopper consisting of a shaft and a metal part, characterized in that the metal part has spread and curved or straight blades, in addition to which the blade is supplemented by a stop. Modified chopper according to Claim 1, characterized in that the blade is supplemented with 45 ° angle limiters, which allow precise splitting of the wood sample. 3. Modified chopper according to claims 1-2, characterized in that the blade has an angle of sharpening of 25 ° and a height of 1/3 of the metal chisel. Modified chopper set according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the set comprises at least four chisel type chopper blades of different shapes, from straight to small diameter, adapted to separate the wood bark precisely according to the annual wood bark.