LT3838B - Device and method for using of industrial wastes and refuses - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solid fuel which is preferably produced from organic industrial wastes, has a very high calorific value and ensures a continuously high combustion temperature. The invention also relates to a process for producing such a fuel and to a combustion-promoting agent which can, for example, be added to a fuel or which can be used to generate a hydrogen/oxygen mixture which is then fed directly to the combustion installation for promoting the combustion.

Description

There is a known waste incinerator that produces energy. However, the operation of such a plant in the utilization of industrial waste, especially those belonging to the special waste group, is problematic, as special waste often contains homogeneous products which damage the incinerator itself. Safe incineration of special waste will also require a more stable incineration temperature, which is difficult to maintain because different waste materials have different values of heat content, giving rise to undesirable temperature fluctuations. Today, many additional energy carriers are used to solve this problem in the incineration process. Harmful substances from the incineration of special waste, such as dioxins and dibenzofurants, present a problem that can only be solved if the incineration temperature is above 1260 ° C.

Known Invention EP-A-0 249 131, C 10 L 5/48; F 23 G 7/00, which describes fuel consisting of 3 components: combustion component, hazardous lysing component 2 waste and neutralizing from 70 to production

1800 kg / crrG, where all components can be waste, but the calorific value of such fuel is not high.

EP-A-0 112 219 discloses

A composition containing an acid salt, together with a copper acid salt, is also known.

at least one lanthanide with the least manganese and / or These components are a solution in an organic solvent used as a flame retardant additive. Also known is the device described in GB 2155 161, F 23 G 7/00, having a furnace, a combustion chamber, a gas supply, for supply to a combustion chamber. However, the operation of such a plant by utilizing industrial waste, which often contains homogeneous products, is ineffective as these products damage the plant itself and it is difficult to maintain a constant combustion temperature in such a plant.

In addition, methods of incineration, which partially prevent complete combustion of the materials or gasification by incineration, are known, since dense surface layers such as slag and non-flammable cavities are often formed.

safe temporary or waste, which is in storage. In addition, new locations, both for their recycling facilities and the problems of providing a constant view of toxic liquid or solid, are costly, and storage today is increasingly difficult to locate for special waste storage and storage.

Waste transportation is also a well-known problem and especially when it comes to transporting liquid toxic manufacturing waste.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device which, as low as possible, recycles or gasifies solid combustible materials with little or no harmful substances, usually for energy recovery at high temperatures, as well as a defined method for producing solids from liquid or solid, low or creation of partially incinerated waste.

The object is achieved by creating a double-enclosed reactor with a combustion space between a constant outer and a rotating inner enclosure, in particular in combination with a catalytic unit producing a gasification mixture.

The invention is explained by a description of the following drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 - illustrates the conversion of material to gas or closed-loop combustion and power generation,

Figure 2 shows a detailed view of the catalytic converter,

Fig. 3 is a detailed view of a device for the production of a combustible material briquette with a specified heat content, in particular from industrial or household waste.

Certificates on drawings mean:

- gasification or incineration reactor

IA - Inner hood

IB - outer hood

- catalytic converter

- power generator

- briquetting plant or combustible material storage

- liquid separator

- Hydrogen / oxygen mixture production tank (explosion-proof)

- Sediment separation capacity

- control valve / metering unit

- lanthanide solution

- sediment

- heat exchanger

- heat source, eg gas from a gas reactor 1

- Pipe closed loop and re-sediment cycle

- vacuum cleaner

- Hydrogen / oxygen mixture feeder to incinerator

- Calorific Solid Waste Shredder

- Calorific liquid tank

- Reagent Chemical Reagent Feeder

- Supply of combustion additives

- mixing tank

- Shredder for solid waste

- supply of metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni), their salts and / or silicates

22A - Curing Reagent Feeder

- mixing and reaction tank

23A - Radioactive Exposure Site High Pressure Device

a direct supply of homogeneous combustible materials to the incineration plant, or

25A - feeder of homogeneous combustible materials (manufactured briquettes) to the warehouse.

The gasification space shall be between two enclosures and shall have at least one combustible and gas supply and at least one gas outlet.

Reactor 1 enclosures (enclosure IA and enclosure IB) are made of heat-resistant material. Requirements for enclosure material are determined by combustion, depending on the temperature achieved. High incineration, usually at least 1260 ° C, and often between 1500 and 2000 ° C, is required for the incineration or gasification of production wastes with low or no emissions. Reactor enclosures suitable for such temperatures are made of special ceramics, for example, for use in aerospace applications or made of temperature-resistant metal alloys or other suitable materials.

The enclosures are usually concentric segments of a ball that pass into a cone. The inner enclosure IA is rotatable, which reduces its thermal resistance requirements. Its distance from the outer enclosure IB is variable. By varying this distance, the combustion and gassing space between the enclosures IA and IB, and thus the material flow rate, can be controlled. The vertical displacement of the enclosure is particularly effective. It also provides momentum in other directions and is useful. Often the spacing between the two covers is preferably between 5 and 10 cm.

The inner enclosure generally has a diameter of more than m, preferably about 1.5 m. With this reactor, 1 ton of combustible material can be burned or gasified per hour.

The fuel filler port is usually located at the top of the enclosure. Next, the reactor has at least one gas feeder and outlet, often located at various locations around the enclosure and controlled by choice. The gas supply and outlet is located on the top hood and is limited to 2/3 of the inside hood height.

The combustion temperature of the gasification process rises sharply when the combustion process is carried out not by air or oxygen, but by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. Then the efficiency of gasification or incineration is substantially increased.

Such a mixture can be produced in various ways, for example electrolytically. This is done in a low-cost and most energy-efficient way by using combustion agents in an acidic lanthanide base.

The mixture is produced in a catalytic unit, preferably in a pressurized container.

For the production of hydrogen and oxygen, additives containing lanthanides (usually lanthanum and cerium), which improve combustion, are used; this is usually done in pressurized containers with acids containing lanthanide compounds in solution. This solution catalyzes the dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen. As the pH increases, the lanthanide precipitation begins and the reaction stops. The precipitate is acidified and fed to a pressurized volume, hydrogen / oxygen blend reservoir 6, or re-settling tank 7, reconstituted and fed to the reactor. Lower amounts of additives, such as manganese, zinc, copper and / or nickel, usually form 1-10% of the lanthanide content and can also have a beneficial effect.

The reaction is shown to be best carried out at a temperature of 50-60 ° C and a hydrogen / oxygen volume ratio of the gas mixture of about 1: 2 to 1: 5, preferably 1: 3.

To increase the efficiency of the unit, the reactor gas enters through the orifice of the catalytic unit into a heat exchanger unit where it heats the catalytic solution and thereby accelerates the reaction, which improves hydrogen and oxygen production.

Between the catalytic converter 2 and the generator 3, the reactor gas is usually analyzed and mixed with H ₂ and O _{2 if necessary} . This provides the best mix for power generator 3. The generator may be, for example, a current generating unit in which said gas mixture is burned. Typically, a large proportion of the combustion gases produced in the current generator, and in particular those containing H ₂ and O ₂ , are returned to the reactor, and a smaller proportion of these gases, as spent gas, is treated in the flue gas catalyst through a pressure valve.

The catalytic unit is usually coupled to a gasification reactor for the material, whereby hydrogen and oxygen supply also provide optimum conditions for the gasification of the material.

Due to the essentially closed duty cycle, temperatures and absorption processes, clean spent gas is discharged outside.

Inspection and measurement equipment is installed at various locations throughout the plant to control the composition of the gases and to prevent the formation of high concentrations of hydrogen.

For safety reasons, the hydrogen concentration should not exceed 4% by volume.

It goes without saying that incineration or gasification of the equipment is combined with other reactors, which is particularly convenient in production where other parallel work is carried out.

The units of the invention can, for example, achieve a reactor temperature of 1500 ° C, utilize 90% of the gas obtained from the waste, obtain about 4% hydrogen concentration per tonne of waste with approximately only 2% fallout slag and about 1% ash and produce 1500 kWh of electricity. energy.

In order to optimize the process over the longest possible time, flammable materials must be supplied with as consistent properties as possible. Such materials may be obtained using the process described in the present invention.

The main materials can be a large range of industrial and household waste and highly toxic waste. Particularly suitable for the manufacture of waste from the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and research, from mineral oils or from organic solvents, including waste paint, varnish, glue and resin, plastics and rubber and textile waste.

Such materials can be converted into suitable flammable materials in the manner described below according to the invention.

The method of the invention is explained in more detail in FIG. Description 3.

The waste material to be treated is analyzed and, if necessary, sorted into separate containers or containers based on the results of its analysis. The main analytical parameters are the degree of halogenation, calorific value and pH value. Solid and liquid waste materials must be prepared separately.

The solid organic waste is comminuted in a shredder 16 and the liquid waste in reservoir 17 is mixed with the reaction chemicals present in the reaction chemical reactant feeder 18. The reaction chemicals may be the acids or alkalis needed to determine the pH of the end products and / or reaction and / or oxidation. measures. It is desirable to determine the exothermic reaction when administering reaction chemicals. After vigorous mixing of the liquids in the tank 20, they are fed, together with the pulverized materials, into the mixing and reaction tank 23. A curing agent from the curing reagent feeder 22A is supplied with the waste materials to the mixing and reaction tank. Thereafter, the still wet mixing products are fed into a high pressure pump or press which is converted to a cured product at 20120 ° C and 2-4 and often at 400 kg / cm ² . This produces a stable product under normal conditions which, when alkalized, is harmless. The water is partially evaporated and the residue in liquid form is returned to the process. This product enters the incinerator or gasifier in any form. This is particularly easy to accomplish when the curing product has at least partial thermoplastic properties.

The reaction medium can be a variety of alkalis and acids, but natural alkali and / or calcium chloride and / or calcium sulfate or strong inorganic acids and / or organic acids from sediment products are preferred, as well as reducing and / or oxidizing agents such as halogens , oxygen, ozone, and special mixtures of iron (II) and iron (III) salts with oxides of 0.2-0.3% vol.

The curing agent to be placed in the curing agent feeder 22A is suitable for monomers and, in all cases, oligomers or quenched silicates, water glass which hardens the waste mixture under reaction conditions, usually at temperatures of 20120 ° C and 2-400 kg / cm ² and does not alter its flammability properties. . In some cases, acrylic monomers, and in particular esters of acrylic acids, polyacrylate acids and / or their salts (for example, BASF Acrylon R), as well as the water glass already mentioned.

Occasionally, polyols and diisocyanates (non-alkalizing, raising the flame temperature) are added to improve storage safety.

The combined treatment of solid and liquid waste has been proven to be beneficial. Using 65-45% solid and 35-55% liquid waste, for example, requires very little acrylic acid ester, in most cases less than 3% curing agent. Of course, with a small amount of solid waste, more curing agent is needed.

Using this method, the reaction materials are dosed in the reaction tank.

The process provides the possibility of adding to the reaction products the combustion components present in the combustion additive feeder 19. This is generally done at each site prior to the reaction tank being homogeneously distributed or stirring in the mixing tank 20. The lantonide salts are specifically required for the combustion medium. For example, monacite sand enriched with lanthanides (about 3 to 30%) or a mixture of lanthanide salt and silicates are used. Of course, other substitutes containing lanthanides can be used. The impurities needed for combustion often reach up to 20%.

The supply of such combustion impurities, within a defined amount of combustible materials, provides a controlled temperature of 100-500 ° C. Therefore, the catalytic unit, although desirable, is not unconditionally required.

In accordance with the process of the invention, immediately before the mixing and reaction tank 23, there is provided a site where the halogen-containing waste is exposed to gamma rays, such as cobalt 60 _Co. As a result, the separated halogen atoms convert to halides and become homogeneously incorporated into combustible materials.

The process of the invention provides the possibility of feeding the reaction materials directly into the reactor mixing and reaction vessel 23 and in particular to materials such as manganese, zinc, nickel, copper and / or silicates, in particular silicates of the aforementioned metals.

Copper and / or manganese and / or zinc and / or nickel-containing silicates on the one hand are needed for combustion and on the other hand are very suitable for forming slags. Manganese, zinc, nickel, and in all cases copper enhance, improve catalysis, and often make up about 10% of the lanthanide content. In addition, such metals, especially copper, have been shown to remove chlorine from chlorinated carbonic acids, thereby improving the catalysis process.

The process of the invention can produce improved combustible materials where the silicates or lanthanides contain manganese and / or zinc and / or copper and / or nickel.

The combustible materials produced by the process of the invention are used together in an incineration or gasification plant to produce energy. When using chlorinated tuLT 3838 B-based products for environmental protection reasons, it is useful to combine incinerators or gasifiers with gas purifiers where frequently occurring hydrochloric acids or other volatile substances are removed from the process. Chlorides are usually neutralized in pH-neutral products by long-term binding to slags.

Claims (20)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. A plant for the disposal of combustible industrial and domestic waste, comprising at least a combustion or gasification reactor (1) having a combustion or gasification space, at least a gas feeder and at least a gas evacuation, characterized in that the incinerator or gasification reactor has a a enclosure reactor (1), wherein the space for combustion or gasification is limited by an outer enclosure (IB) and a rotating, generally concentric inner enclosure (ΙΑ), where one of the aforementioned (ΙΑ, IB) is generally adjustable in the vertical direction. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the double-enclosed reactor (1) has at least one inlet for direct and / or indirect supply of a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the double-enclosed reactor (1) is directly and / or indirectly connected to at least one catalytic unit (2) for the production of a hydrogen-oxygen mixture. 4. Device according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the gas outlet of the double-enclosed reactor (1) is connected directly or indirectly to the power generator (3). 5. Apparatus according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the energy generator (3) comprises a gas transfer device which at least partially returns the gas generated in the generator back to the reactor. 6. A device according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the double enclosure reactor (1) enclosure 3838 B (ΙΑ, IB) is made of heat-resistant special ceramics and / or corresponding metal alloys. 7. A process for the production of solid flammable materials with a defined heat content from organic industrial waste and / or household waste, characterized in that solid production waste is comminuted and mixed with liquid waste material, followed by curing agents and curing the overall mixture under pressure. . 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the solid waste materials and the liquid waste are in a ratio of 65-45% solid waste and 35-55% liquid waste. 9. Process according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the curing agent uses acrylic acid esters and / or quenched silicates and / or polyacrylic acids and / or their salts and / or polyols together with diisocyanates. 10. A process according to claims 7 to 9, wherein the reaction mixture of solid waste materials with liquid uses acids and / or alkalis and / or reducing and / or oxidizing agents, which in many cases are also waste materials, and for solid and liquid waste materials, additional dosing of reaction media is still possible. 11. A process according to claims 7 to 10, wherein manganese and / or zinc and / or nickel and / or copper are added to the solid waste materials prior to mixing with the solid and after adding the solid or in any order with them. , and / or silicates, preferring one or more of the aforementioned metals. 12. The process of claims 7-11, wherein the total mixture is cured at a temperature of 20-120 ° C and a pressure of 2-400 kg / cm. 13. A process according to claims 7-12, wherein the reaction tank (23) is subjected to gamma-ray treatment. 14. Materials for incineration, characterized in that the acidic aqueous solution contains lanthanides. 15. Materials for incineration according to claim 14, characterized in that lanthanum and / or cesium or materials containing them are used as lanthanides. 16. Materials for incineration according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that they contain manganese and / or zinc and / or nickel and / or copper and / or silicates, in particular silicates with one or more of these metals. Use of the combustion materials according to one of claims 14 to 16 in the preparation of a hydrogen-oxygen mixture and / or as an additive to liquid combustible materials. 18. Flammable solids from organic production wastes containing defined heat and lanthanides characterized in that they contain silicates containing manganese and / or zinc and / or nickel and / or copper. 19. Flammable materials according to claim 18, characterized in that the calorific value exceeds 1500 BTU and is in the range of 4000-5500 BTU. 20. Flammable substances according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that they have a neutral pH value.