LT3567B - Method and device for generating of heat energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is related to heating energy production - not from solid fuel, but from wood waste and peat litter.The heating energy production from wood waste or peat litter includes: a) the fuel mentioned above is delivered directly to the combustion chamber using gravitation; b) natural air draught is used for gasification; c) the gas phase is combusted in an elbow-shaped tube and performed using device 1. The device consists of a first stage combustion chamber 3 (the fuel is loaded through the top 2 of the chamber), grate 5, air supply flaps 8, piping 7 and elbow-shaped tube 11, one end 11 of which is a) mounted inside the first stage combustion chamber 3 and its longitudinal axis makes up an angle of less than 90 degrees. Also the proportion of cross section of elbow-shaped tube and the area of the grate is 1:9.The method and the device allow effective and economic use of ecological and clean fuel for domestic and industrial use.

Description

The present invention relates to a process for obtaining thermal energy from solid fuels, namely to obtain thermal energy from wood waste or bulk peat.

Currently, the cost of thermal energy is very high, so it is important to use cheap local fuel. A good reserve is wood waste (shavings, sawdust, wood chips, branches, windbreaks) or loose peat. This fuel is ecologically clean, but low in calories and high in moisture. Therefore, there is a constant search for ways to increase its energy value at the lowest cost.

There are known methods of obtaining thermal energy, as well as installations where wood waste or bulk peat is incinerated in a single stage combustion chamber. The fuel must be thoroughly dried and crushed. These techniques are costly and do not allow the full energy potential of the fuel to be realized.

Many methods and devices are known from PL 284368A, PL.283710A, PL85854U, where fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber via fuel dispensers, gasified and fired in a single stage combustion chamber, and utilizes a fan secondary air supply system to increase combustion intensity. and moving grates.

These techniques are ineffective because the delivery of fuel through the metering units is made difficult due to the resulting clogging and clogging that has to be removed by hand or using vibrators. Tail gasification of fuel gasification by one-stage intensification tertiary measures does not give the expected effect, since the fuel is not completely burned, and at the end of combustion, using intense tertiary air injection, through the combustion chamber outlet and gas chambers and combustion air supply. these will carry small unburned fuel and ash.

Also known is a method and apparatus for obtaining thermal energy from wood waste according to PL 150866, wherein: a) the fuel is supplied from above to a first stage combustion chamber; (b) gasification of the fuel; (c) incinerating the resulting gas in a second stage combustion chamber.

According to this method, the combustion of fuel takes place in two stages. This allows fuels with higher moisture content and better use of their energy value, but cannot be widely applied in practice because they are inefficient and expensive due to the complex fuel delivery system, fan air supply and fluid bed state of the fuel. In addition, the combustion gas enters the second stage combustion chamber for final combustion, leading to a drop in temperature, a waste of thermal energy and the use of a tertiary fan supply system to intensify the combustion.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple, inexpensive and efficient way of obtaining thermal energy from wood waste or bulk peat which does not have the above disadvantages and to implement a simple device that can be manufactured and used at high cost in new or existing in boiler houses.

This problem is solved by a process for obtaining thermal energy from wood waste or bulk peat by: a) feeding the fuel to a first stage combustion chamber; (b) gasification of the fuel; c) combusting the resulting gas in a second stage combustion chamber and, in accordance with the present invention, feeding the fuel directly to the combustion chamber by gravity, using natural air draft for gasification, and burning the gas phase in an elbow nozzle. This way of generating thermal energy does not require any additional fuel crushing and dosing equipment, as the fuel moves downwards by gravity (according to the burning intensity). Gasification takes place under natural draft, resulting from pressure differences inside and outside the chamber. This allows lowering the gasification temperature and utilizing more potential fuel energy for heating and technological purposes. This is also achieved by the fact that gas phase combustion occurs in the form of an elbow nozzle which intensifies combustion and maintains a high temperature at the end of combustion. The proposed method is simple and gives maximum effect.

The invention further relates to a device which performs the process described in the first claim.

A device for obtaining thermal energy from wood waste or bulk peat, comprising a fuel feed hopper, a first stage combustion chamber with a grate, an air supply system, a second stage combustion chamber, wherein the fuel feed hopper is the top of the first stage combustion chamber, the system consists of valves with manifolds installed underneath the grate and the second stage combustion chamber is an elbow nozzle with one end fixed in the combustion chamber so that its longitudinal axis forms an angle less than 90 ° with the longitudinal axis of this chamber. The other end of the elbow nozzle is outwardly directed. The cross-sectional area of the nozzle is in the ratio of 1: 9 to the area of the grate. Such an embodiment of the device solves the object of the present invention, since the combustion of gas in the nozzle makes it possible to dispense with additional blowing due to its anchoring at a sharp angle and the ratio of the cross-sectional area to the grate area. Feeding fuel directly to the first stage combustion chamber allows for no sorting of fuel.

The invention will now be explained in more detail by the following figures, in which:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the device as an insert for the furnace;

Fig. 2 - same installation as water or steam boiler;

Fig.3 is a diagram of unit aggregation with existing water or steam boilers.

The unit forms a separate unit 1, which can be used as a furnace or as a water boiler (Fig. 2) or connected to existing water and steam boilers (Fig. 3).

The device for carrying out the patentable process described below consists of a loading tank 2 which is the top of a first stage combustion chamber 3. The inside of the combustion chamber 3 is lined with fireclay bricks 4. At the bottom of the chamber 3 is a fixed grate 5 consisting of a plurality of grates 6 forming a hollow conical shape. Underneath the grate 5 is an air supply conduit 7 with a plurality of air valves 8. The bottom of the chamber 3 has an ash collecting tank 9 and a side wall at the grate level with a door 10. The opposite side of the chamber 3 has an elbow nozzle 11 with an end 11a. inside the chamber, the end 11b being outwardly connected and having known and widely used elements for further connection (not shown in the figures).

If the unit is used as a water boiler (Fig.2), its upper part (up to the level of the grate) is surrounded by water cavities 12 and 13 interconnected to form a channel 14. The entire water boiler is mounted on the stands 15.

When the unit is used for aggregation in existing boiler houses with water or steam boilers 16, it is mounted on risers 15 in a pit 17 (Fig. 3).

The following describes the realization of the method. The fuel is loaded through the tank 2. The loading is carried out by known means of mechanization. When the side door is opened 10, the fuel is ignited by a torch. When the air valves 8 are fully open, due to the pressure difference inside and outside the chamber 3, air flows intensively through the feed pipe 7 through the fuel layer on the grate 5, intensifying fuel fluctuation and further moving to the second stage combustion chamber elbow nozzle 11. At the end of the nozzle 11a, directed at the most favorable angle in the direction of air movement, further intensive combustion of the evolved gas occurs. As they gas up, they meet a screen on the road formed by an elbow bend and end up burning in nozzle portion 11b, where an intense combustion zone is formed. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the nozzle to the area of the grate is 1: 9, which was selected experimentally. This filling of the second stage combustion chamber 11 and its position with respect to the gasification chamber 3 allows to intensify the combustion without additional supply of air by a complicated fan system, but only by using natural air draft and maximizing the potential fuel energy.

As the combustion progresses, the fuel layer decreases in volume and slides down, and is replaced by another layer. As the bottom layer burns, the layer above it lights up while the other layer is pressed, while the other layers warm and dry accordingly. This allows the use of fuels with up to 60% moisture content. The hollow tapered grate 5 cuts the burning fuel without any additional vibration and the ash easily passes through the grates 6 into the ash collection

The patented technical solution is manufactured in 5 ways. Technical documentation is available.

(about 1%) capacity 9.

feeding

Claims (4)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. A process for generating thermal energy from wood waste or bulk peat by: a) feeding said fuel to a first stage combustion chamber, b) gasifying the fuel, c) burning the gas phase in a second stage combustion chamber, characterized in that said fuel (a) gravity feed to the first stage combustion chamber; (b) gasification by natural extraction of air; (c) combustion of the gas phase in an elbow nozzle. 2. A unit comprising a loading hopper, a first stage combustion chamber with a grate, an auxiliary air supply system and a second stage combustion chamber, characterized in that the fuel supply hopper is at the top of the first stage combustion chamber. the feed system consists of a manifold mounted underneath a grate with air valves, and the second stage combustion chamber is an elbow nozzle with one end anchored in the first stage combustion chamber and the other end outward. 3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of the nozzle portion inside the first stage combustion chamber forms an angle less than 90 ° with the longitudinal axis of this chamber. 4. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the nozzle to the area of the grate is 1: 9.