LT2008048A - Energetically independent building-town - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention is related with building-town infrastructure and is used for big horizontal and vertical dimensions buildings, which allows all needed energy for the building to get from renewable energy sources and to save energy used in most important ventilating/conditioning, water-supply, lighting and inner transport systems. When the building-town is high building or high buildings assemblage, for producing and saving the energy it is used the temperature between the lower part and the upper part of the building and the difference of the pressure. The energy is saved by ventilating/conditioning system, all the air used for the room ventilate is taken from the building upper part, where the air is cooler. In three-dimensional transportation system when the transport conveyance moves downwards, is generating the electric power and is given to the main building electric power net. The water is lifted to the top of the building in vapor condition. For the lighting system of the building it is used c

Description

ENERGY INDEPENDENT BUILDING-CITY

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to buildings, in particular to eco-buildings, which can be substantially independent of communications such as electricity, water supply, gas pipeline, etc., that is to say, energy-independent buildings-towns that can accommodate all urban infrastructure. and where people can live and work without leaving the building.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Several inventions are known which describe energy-independent buildings where electricity is produced by wind and solar power plants, fuel-fired generators, geothermal energy, and so on. In order to avoid electrical disturbances, energy storage systems such as compressed air or vacuum cylinders, hydrogen extraction, storage and combustion plants, water storage systems, etc. are installed.

Small energy-independent buildings, where one family can settle down, are most often built, but when building larger-sized buildings that can accommodate more people, these resources are no longer enough. The well-known sources of solar and wind power also have drawbacks, as many wind farms are heavily damaged by the exterior view of the building, and solar cells occupy a large area of the building surface and are only effective at some point in the day. Energy-independent buildings of high altitude and at the same time of large horizontal dimensions have several problems with internal communications and high energy consumption. The main energy-consuming systems are the internal transport system, the water-lifting system, the ventilation / conditioning system and the lighting system.

Building gauges for hundreds of meters, using traditional elevator, escalator and moving track systems, make access to one building from one place to another difficult and uneconomical, requiring the use of energy-efficient 2 transport systems that carry passengers and cargo on a single seat, but use little energy.

The high height of the building raises the problem of raising the water to the upper floors of the building, when using traditional water lifting devices creates huge pressure in the pipelines, and the pumping of water itself requires a lot of energy.

If such large-scale urban-built buildings are built in hot and medium-climatic regions, indoor ventilation / conditioning requires a lot of energy. Therefore, in order to achieve energy independence, it is necessary to reduce the energy costs of ventilation / conditioning. Of course, international patent application no. W02007036587, published April 5, 2007, which describes a building's energy system that generates, transmits, and accumulates energy and eliminates the need for additional energy from global utilities. This building has enough energy from the environment (fresh air, ambient humidity). Initially, the system collects the energy needed for heating and cooling from the ambient air passing through the windows and cracks in the earth and accumulating it in a material phase transformation. Later, the system reverses the system and gives the energy to the necessary processes.

American patent no. US2003102752 published in 2003. On June 5, 2008, an autonomous power generation and supply system is described, in which electricity is produced by a generator that converts fuel combustion energy into electricity. Excess electricity is stored in batteries and used when power is needed.

German patent no. DE4310843 describes an excess energy storage device in which energy (at best, solar electricity) is used to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen. In the case of a lack of electricity, a hydrogen and water reaction is carried out, during which the heat released is converted into electricity again.

Chinese patent no. CN1796780, published 2006. July 5, describes a pipe system in which an electric generator rotates the difference in atmospheric pressure between the inlet of the pipe and the outlet. Such a pipe must be installed in such a way that one end of it is well above the other - taller buildings are also suitable. 3

International Patent Application WO2006107224, published 2006. October 12, describes a transport system in which passengers are transported in automatically controlled cabs from the starting point to the selected end point. The transport system consists of a closed network of transport corridors for urban transport. A well-known American patent no. US5952626, published 1999. September 14, 2008, which describes a personal remote control unit based on electromagnetic waves for the management of routes in the transport system (elevator system), where the user of the transport system indicates his destination and the system performs all work related to transportation. The user can also cancel or change his destination at any time. In this system, the remote control unit is a recognizable system based on unified features. User input can be entered using mechanical input, verbal identification, and other options. A well-known Japanese invention patent no. JP2000264210, published 2000. September 26, which describes a transport system in which the wagons move in a single direction in a closed trajectory. Provision is made for stopping points for wagons when a trolley leaves a closed trail to a stopping loop where people are boarding / disembarking or loading / unloading. In this system, wagons can move horizontally and vertically.

Several energy saving solutions are also known. One of these is an indoor lighting system as described in Japanese Patent No. 6,196,196. JP59111604. In this system, light is collected outside the building using Frenel lenses and transmitted via fiber optics to a patch where light is scattered. During sunny days, there is no need to add additional light to artificial lighting.

Chinese patent no. CN1971039, published in 2007. May 30 describes the electricity system of an individual dwelling house, which consists mainly of solar and wind power plants, batteries and generators installed in sports instruments. If there is a lack of solar or wind power, electricity can be produced by sporting special sports equipment, where human energy is converted into electricity. 2008 International patent application filed on June 2, 2005, the filing number of which is a hybrid air-conditioning and air-conditioning system 4, which is located in high and especially high-rise buildings, described in PCT / IB2008 / 052143, where all air for ventilation is taken from as high a height as the building's construction allows. . The air at the top of the building is a few degrees cooler, making ventilation and conditioning in the building more efficient. 2008 The patent application filed on June 2, 2000, filed with PCT / IB2008 / 052142, discloses a water lifting system in which water is raised to the upper floors of tall buildings in the form of steam, preferably by evaporation using solar energy. April 7, 2008 filed in Lithuanian patent application no. 2008-031 describes a transport system that is suitable for high-rise buildings, factories, factories and complexes of large horizontal dimensions. In this transport system, self-propelled vehicles move in the desired directions or, where appropriate, in the direction of the axes of the Cartesian coordinate system. The movement of these vehicles is based on a rack-and-pinion gear mechanism using a contact power supply method.

German patent no. DE19919622, published in 2000. December 7 describes a dwelling house with an autonomous energy system with power generation equipment, energy storage equipment and energy regeneration equipment. The power generation equipment includes wind compactors, room-type water heating elements, photovoltaic solar cells, and light-assisted electrolysis plants for the extraction of flammable gases. Energy recovery equipment includes pneumatic equipment for compressed wind, combustion gas combustion power plants, and power generators that convert energy into electricity. The energy is accumulated in compressed air cylinders, flammable gas tanks and electric accumulators. The present invention describes conventional methods of storing, recovering and producing energy, and the essence of the invention relates to the complex use of these already known technologies in a single building. In this way, the energy infrastructure of the “green” building is created, which allows the building to produce enough 5 energy that is used for the needs of the people working and / or living in the building. The drawback of the present invention is that only conventional energy production technologies with limited energy potential and limited to a small green building are used. Also, the present invention does not take into account energy saving in the most important parts of the building's infrastructure - indoor lighting, ventilation and air conditioning, internal transport - an aspect that is particularly important for the construction of particularly large green buildings or towns.

Earlier inventions of the prior art include a number of energy generation, storage and saving techniques, but there are no integrated infrastructures for cities and towns with large vertical and horizontal dimensions that produce enough electricity for the ordinary people living and / or working here. activities. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention seeks to create a building-city infrastructure that uses the energy of unconventional renewable energy sources and exploits the advantages of building dimensions and, in particular, high construction height. Such a building should not completely pollute the environment. In order to make the building-city energy-independent, it is necessary to reduce energy consumption in the main building infrastructure systems - internal transport, ventilation-conditioning, water supply and lighting. This infrastructure would be equipped with and used a plumbing system to lift water to high altitudes, to install and use a transport network in three-dimensional space in all desired directions, with self-propelled vehicles and where energy would only be used for horizontal or ascending movement of these vehicles, and descending to produce and deliver the energy of the vehicle to the general building-city electricity network. This building-urban infrastructure would be equipped with an economical conditioning system that uses cooler air at the top of the building. The building would have energy storage systems such as TTS (thermal 6 storage), water electrolysis systems that produce and store hydrogen, conventional batteries, hydro-accumulator systems, and so on.

BEST IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is a building-city with an independent energy system in which energy is produced from renewable energy sources. This building can be made up of a single building and a group of constructively and functionally connected buildings with one infrastructure. In addition to conventional energy production methods such as solar energy electricity using semiconductor solar cells, wind power electricity transmission using wind turbines, geothermal power electricity using steam turbines and its use for building heating, hot water preparation using geothermal water or solar collectors are used and the newly invented energy production methods, the use of which becomes possible when the building-city construction height reaches hundreds or even thousands of meters. The two most important parameters that make it possible to use a large building height for energy production are the difference in temperature and pressure between the ground air and the air at the top of the building. The higher the height of the building, the greater the pressure and temperature differences mentioned and the more efficient energy systems. For example, at one kilometer above ground level, tropospheric air is on average 10 ° C below ground level. The air pressure decreases accordingly.

One of the ways in which temperature differentials are used is an effective indoor air conditioning system, where cooler air is used to cool the room at the top of the building. If the air temperature from the top is not low enough, heat pumps that use electricity supplied from photovoltaics, located outside the building, batteries or other electricity sources, are released. The use of solar energy for heat pumps is expedient, as the intensity of the conditioning depends directly on the intensity of the sun. Since the cooler air from above is only a little cool, the whole air conditioning system becomes much more economical. 7

The building-city is equipped with an energy-saving water supply system, in which the upper floors of the building are lifted by steam. In the basin at the bottom of the building, using solar energy and / or additional heating elements, the water is evaporated and, under the influence of natural traction, rises to the top of the building where it condenses later and is collected in the distribution tanks. There is no need for additional energy for further water distribution, as natural water pressure is created on the floors below the distribution tanks. The rising temperature of hot water vapor is high enough to produce a high vapor flow rate, so steam turbines that produce electricity can be installed in said steam lift pipe. The excess water that is brought up is discharged down the pipes and the energy of this falling water is also turned into electricity. Ideally, this excess water is directed to sewage pipes where the total flow of waste water and excess water is turbines and produces electricity. As an additional feature of this system, the use of water vapor is used to form artificial clouds and cause artificial rain. This helps to save energy for the irrigation of plants growing in the building environment, on terraces and on the horizontal surfaces of the building, and creates an artificial shadow that makes the building less heated and needs less conditioning.

The building-city is also equipped with hermetically sealed air pipes with open top and bottom ends and turbines so installed that the passing air turns them and produces electricity. Ideally, these air pipes are mounted vertically or inclined throughout the height of the building to provide the highest difference in height between the upper end of the tube and the lower end and, at the same time, the maximum pressure difference. Due to the high pressure difference, a constant air flow is formed inside these sealed air pipes, which rotates said turbines and produces electricity. These sealed pipes can be installed in the solar circuit, so the air inside the pipe will become even more heated and expanded, at the same time increasing the speed and energy of the airflow.

The large horizontal and vertical dimensions of the building are very energy-consuming for people and freight. Therefore, in an energy-independent building-city, it is necessary to use an economical transport system that uses energy only for vehicles moving horizontally and ascending and for the descending vehicles to produce and return energy to the general energy grid. This building-city is equipped with a three-dimensional transport system consisting of a network of traffic lines that can be driven by self-propelled, preferably electric, vehicles in all possible directions. These vehicles are centrally controlled and their routing is routed by combining individual passenger choices and selecting the shortest routes that the vehicles would overcome as quickly as possible and using as little energy as possible. This system will be much more efficient in terms of time wasted and energy consumption compared to conventional urban transport. For building-city horizontal and vertical dimensions, hundreds of meters of indoor space remain outside the natural daylight. In order to avoid huge energy consumption for artificial lighting, the building is equipped with daylight transmission systems consisting of light assemblies mounted outside the building for daylight-focused, optical fibers for light transmission to the premises to be illuminated and light scattering devices for dispersing concentrated light. premises to be illuminated. Ideally, Frenel lenses are used to collect light, which are generally flat in shape and can be placed on the roof of a building or used as a cover for sun terraces and so on. Such a lighting system is cheap compared to previously used mirror systems and effective. In a sunny day, the interior of the building will no longer need to be artificially lit, thus saving energy.

Energy storage systems and equipment already known are used for energy storage. Electricity can be converted to the energy of chemical reactions (accumulators, hydrogen storage, etc.), water potential energy (hydroelectric power plants) at lower night temperatures, freezing ice or other material such as paraffin, etc., in the thermal energy storage (TS). to absorb the heat emitted by heat pumps during the day. This improves the efficiency of the conditioning system.

A building-city with the infrastructure described above is energy-independent and the energy generated by this building is sufficient for the normal operation of the building 9 and / or the people. In order to avoid energy shortages that occur during energy peaks or emergency situations, at least one external communication line, such as an electricity line from which the energy is taken only from the energy resources of the building, reaches a critical level. If the building generates more energy than is consumed, this communication line is used to deliver energy surplus to the general city, country and similar energy network.

The foregoing is the most preferred embodiment of the invention which should not be limited. The present invention also protects various modifications of such a building-city infrastructure that maintain the main idea of the invention disclosed in this description.

Claims (2)

10 DEFINITION OF DEFINITION 1. An energetically independent building with an autonomous energy system capable of generating sufficient energy for the daily activities of people living and / or working in the building, including energy production equipment and / or energy storage equipment, and / or energy recovery equipment. that the building is a high-rise building and that one or more of the following methods of energy production, saving and storage are used for the production of energy: the cooler air at the top of the building is used for air conditioning and ventilation; the plumbing system is adapted to lift drinking water and domestic water to the upper floors of the building in the form of steam; the sewerage system is configured to direct the excess water along with the wastewater to the sewer, where the turbines installed in the turbines turn the kinetic energy of the falling wastewater into electricity; said water lifting system is adapted to release excess vapor outside the top of the building, thereby forming an artificial cloud for the creation of a natural shadow and artificial rain for plant irrigation; on the building structure there are essentially vertical or sloping air ducts with turbines arranged to convert the energy of the internal air flows into electricity; is equipped with a fiber optic system, which is adapted to concentrate daylight outside the building, transfer it to the premises with optical fibers and disperse it in the premises by lighting them; is equipped with an internal transport system consisting essentially of a three-dimensional network of traffic lines and self-propelled vehicles that are adapted to move in space in any desired direction on the above-mentioned lines, where energy is used only for the horizontal and take-off movement of said vehicles, and where electricity 11 is generated and transmitted to the general electrical network of the building during the release of this vehicle. 2. Building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy system of the building is connected to external energy networks from which the energy is taken if the internal energy resources of the building reach a critical level and / or to which excess energy generated by the building is supplied.