KR970007099B1 - Apparatus and process for thermal cracking of bituminous coal - Google Patents

Apparatus and process for thermal cracking of bituminous coal Download PDF

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KR970007099B1
KR970007099B1 KR1019930018287A KR930018287A KR970007099B1 KR 970007099 B1 KR970007099 B1 KR 970007099B1 KR 1019930018287 A KR1019930018287 A KR 1019930018287A KR 930018287 A KR930018287 A KR 930018287A KR 970007099 B1 KR970007099 B1 KR 970007099B1
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pyrolysis
gas
reactor
temperature
bituminous coal
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KR1019930018287A
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KR950008661A (en
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박태준
강성규
이재성
윤형기
송광섭
문승현
이상남
유인수
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한국에너지기술연구소
오정무
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/06—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of oil shale and/or or bituminous rocks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Apparatus and process of two-stage pyrolysis flaming coal to increase gas quantity generated by catalytic decomposition in catalytic decomposition reactor by heating minimum quantity of liquid state component generating in low temperature pyrolysis and heat value of gas.The present invention comprises a process of first pyrolysis flaming coal in low temperature, a process of increasing gas quantity generated by catalytic decomposition in catalytic decomposition reactor by heating liquid state component minimum quantity generating in low temperature pyrolysis and heat value of gas.

Description

유연탄 2단 열분해방법과 장치Bituminous coal two-stage pyrolysis method and apparatus

본 발명은 유연탄 2단 열분해방법과 그 장치에 관한 것으로, 저온 열분해에서 생성되는 액체상태 성분을 최소량의 가열로 촉매분해 반응기에서 촉매분해하여 생성되는 가스의 양과 가스의 발열량을 증대시키는 유연탄 2단 열분해방법과 장치에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a two-stage pyrolysis method and apparatus for bituminous coal two-stage pyrolysis that increases the amount of gas and the calorific value of the gas produced by catalytic decomposition of a liquid component produced at low temperature pyrolysis in a catalytic cracking reactor with a minimum amount of heating. It relates to a method and an apparatus.

기존의 열분해 시스템은 제2도와 같이 열분해 될 반응물(석탄, 플라스틱, 페타이어 등)이 호퍼(1)로부터 스크류 공급기(2)를 통하여 일정한 온도까지 예열된 열분해 반응기(3)로 도입된다.In the conventional pyrolysis system, the reactants (coal, plastic, pet tire, etc.) to be pyrolyzed, as shown in FIG. 2, are introduced into a pyrolysis reactor 3 in which a predetermined temperature is preheated from the hopper 1 through the screw feeder 2.

열분해 반응기(3)에서는 석탄, 페타이어 등과 같은 물질이 분해되어 가스와 타르 및 숯(Char)이 형성된다. 이들 생성물은 냉각하여 고체인 숯과 액체인 타르, 기체인 가스로 분리하여 각각 적당한 용도로 사용된다.In the pyrolysis reactor 3, materials such as coal and pet tire are decomposed to form gas, tar, and char. These products are cooled and separated into solid char, tar and gas, respectively, and are used for appropriate purposes.

이때, 열분해 온도의 변화에 따라 이들 생성물의 분포가 달라지는데, 열분해온도가 증가할수록 가스의 생성량은 증가하나, 가스의 발열량이 낮아 효용가치가 떨어지고 열분해 온도가 낮은 경우 가스의 발열량이 높아 이용하지 편하지만 생성량이 적어 경제성이 문제가 되어 실용성이 없었다.At this time, the distribution of these products varies according to the change of pyrolysis temperature, but the amount of gas produced increases as the temperature of pyrolysis increases, but the heat generation amount of gas decreases its useful value, and when the pyrolysis temperature is low, it is convenient to use high heat of gas. The amount of production was small and economical problems were not practical.

본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제점을 고려하여 이루어진 것으로 그 목적은 저온 열분해에서 생성되는 액체상태 성분이 최소량의 가열에 의해서 촉매분해 반응기에서 촉매분해 도게 함으로써, 생성도는 가스의 양과 가스의 발열량을 증대시키는 유연탄 2단 열분해방법과 장치를 제공함에 있다.The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to cause the liquid state components produced at low temperature pyrolysis to catalytically decompose in a catalytic reactor by a minimum amount of heating, thereby increasing the amount of gas and the calorific value of the gas. The present invention provides a method and apparatus for bituminous coal two-stage pyrolysis.

본 발명은 호퍼, 스크류 공급기, 열분해 반응기로 구성되는 통상의 열분해 장치에 있어서, 상기 열분해 반응기에서 생성된 열분해 생성물을 헌열을 간직한 채, 촉매분해 반응기에 도입될 수 있도록 라인을 단열하고, 그 상단에 촉매가 내장된 촉매분해 반응기를 장착하여 낮은 열분해 온도에서도 발열량이 높은 가스를 다량얻을 수 있는 유연탄 2단 열분해방법과 장치를 제공하는 것이다.The present invention relates to a conventional pyrolysis apparatus consisting of a hopper, a screw feeder and a pyrolysis reactor, wherein the pyrolysis product generated in the pyrolysis reactor is thermally insulated so that it can be introduced into the catalytic cracking reactor while retaining the dedication. By providing a catalytic cracking reactor with a built-in catalyst to provide a bituminous coal two-stage pyrolysis method and apparatus that can obtain a large amount of high calorific gas even at a low pyrolysis temperature.

제1도는 본 발명의 장치개략도로서, a)는 로타리 킬른 타입 b)는 고정형열 분해, 급속열 분해 타입.1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention, a) rotary kiln type b) fixed thermal decomposition, rapid thermal decomposition type.

제2도는 종래의 장치개략도로서, a)는 로타리 킬른 타입, b)는 고정형 열분해, 급속열 분해 타입.2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional apparatus, wherein a) is a rotary kiln type and b) is a stationary pyrolysis and rapid pyrolysis type.

제3도는 고정형 반응기에서 동진탄을 가공하여 회수된 가스이 발열량 비교도.3 is a comparative view of the calorific value of the gas recovered by processing the Dongjin coal in a fixed reactor.

제4도는 고정형 반응기에서 동진탄을 가공하여 회수된 가스이 총열량 비교도.4 is a comparative view of the total calorific value of the gas recovered by processing the jinjin coal in a fixed reactor.

제5도는 로타리킬른 반응기에서 동진탄을 가공하여 회수된 가스의 발열량 비교도.5 is a comparative view of the calorific value of the gas recovered by processing the Dongjin coal in a rotary kiln reactor.

제6도는 로타리킬른 반응기에서 동진탄을 가공하여 회수된 가스의 총열량 비교도.6 is a comparative view of the total calorific value of the gas recovered by processing the Dongjin coal in the rotary kiln reactor.

* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1 : 호퍼 2 : 스크류 공급기1: Hopper 2: Screw Feeder

3 : 열분해 반응기 4 : 촉매3: pyrolysis reactor 4: catalyst

5 : 촉매분해 반응기5: catalytic cracking reactor

이하 본 발명의 요지를 첨부 도면에 의거하여 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the gist of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

본 발명은 호퍼(1), 스크류 공급기(2), 열분해 반응기(3)로 구성되는 통상의 열분해장치에 있어서, 열분해 반응기(3)에서 생성된 열분해 생성물이 헌열을 간직한 채, 촉매분해 반응기에 도입될 수 있도록 라인을 단열하고, 그 상단에 촉매(1)가 내장된 촉매분해 반응기(5)를 장착한다.The present invention relates to a conventional pyrolysis device comprising a hopper (1), a screw feeder (2), and a pyrolysis reactor (3), wherein the pyrolysis product produced in the pyrolysis reactor (3) is introduced into the catalytic cracking reactor while retaining the devotion. The line is insulated so that it can be equipped with a catalytic cracking reactor 5 having a catalyst 1 built thereon.

기존의 열분해 시스템에서 유연탄이 열분해 되어 생성되는 기체 및 액체상태의 성분(타르 및 오일등)을 바로 냉각하여 제품화하지 않고, 열분해 반응기 상단에 촉매 분해 반응기를 설치하고, 연결 배관부위를 단열하여 생성물이 헌열을 그대로 간직한 채 촉매 분해 반응기에 도입될 수 있도록 하였다.In the existing pyrolysis system, gas and liquid components (tar and oil, etc.) produced by pyrolysis of pyrolysis are not directly cooled and commercialized. Instead, a catalytic cracking reactor is installed on top of the pyrolysis reactor, and the connection pipe is insulated. It was allowed to be introduced into the catalytic cracking reactor while retaining the heat.

생성물이 헌열을 그대로 간직한 채 촉매 분해 반응기에 도입되므로, 저온 열분해에서 생성되는 액체 상태 성분이 최소량의 가열에 의하여 촉매분해 반응기에서 촉매분해되고, 생성되는 가스의 양이 증대되며, 가스의 발열량 또한 매우 높다.Since the product is introduced into the catalytic cracking reactor with the preservation of heat as it is, the liquid state components produced in the low temperature pyrolysis are catalytically cracked in the catalytic cracking reactor by the minimum amount of heating, the amount of gas generated is increased, and the calorific value of the gas is also very high. high.

또한 유연탄을 열분해 한 뒤 촉매분해 반응기에서 2차 촉매분해 하므로써, 부산물로 얻어지는 액체상태의 성분 중에서 증류와 같은 간단한 방법에 의해 쉽게 분리하여 화학공업 원료로 이용이 가능한 오일성분의 함량이 증대된다.In addition, the pyrolysis of bituminous coal and secondary catalytic cracking in a catalytic cracking reactor increases the content of oil components that can be easily separated by a simple method such as distillation among the liquid components obtained as by-products and used as raw materials for chemical industry.

여기서 중요한 변수는 열분해온도와 설정, 촉매분해 온도의 설정, 적절한 촉매의 선택등인데 실험결과 열분해 될 반응물에 따라 차이가 있지만, 기존의 열분해만 수행하였을 때보다 고열량 가스를 150∼200% 정도 더 얻을 수 있음을 알았다.The important variables here are the pyrolysis temperature and setting, the setting of the catalytic decomposition temperature, and the selection of the appropriate catalyst. The results are different depending on the reactants to be pyrolyzed, but 150-200% higher calorific gas is obtained than the conventional pyrolysis alone. I knew I could.

(실시예 1)(Example 1)

일반적으로 석탄을 열분해(건류)할 때, 생성되는 건류가스는 열분해온도가 증가하면 할수록 회수되는 총 열량은 증가하지만 발열량은 떨어진다.In general, when pyrolysis (dry distillation) of coal, the generated dry gas increases as the pyrolysis temperature increases, but the total amount of heat recovered increases but the calorific value decreases.

(종래의 고정형 열분해장치)(Primary fixed pyrolysis device)

증국 동진탄을 가공하여 도시가스로 활용이 가능한 건류가스(7,000kcal/Nm3)를 얻기 위해서는 열분해온도를 480℃ 이하로(이때 가스로 회수되는 총열량 : 400kcal/kg)유지해야 한다. 또한 건류온도를 565℃로 증가시키면 회수되는 총열량이 60kcal/kg정도 되지만 발열량이 6300kcal/Nm3정도 밖에 되지않는다.To obtain dry gas (7,000kcal / Nm 3 ) that can be used as a city gas by processing the Dongjin Coal, the pyrolysis temperature must be maintained below 480 ° C (the total amount of heat recovered as gas: 400kcal / kg). In addition, if the drying temperature is increased to 565 ℃, the total heat recovered is about 60kcal / kg, but the calorific value is only about 6300kcal / Nm 3 .

(본 발명의 고정형 열분해 장치)Fixed Pyrolysis Apparatus of the Present Invention

본 발명의 고정형 열분해 장치를 이용할 경우, (이때 사용한 촉매는 활성탄으로 크기는 8-20mesh)가스로 회수되는 총열량은 제3도와 같으며, 이때 가스의 발열량은 제4도와 같다.In the case of using the fixed pyrolysis apparatus of the present invention, the total amount of heat recovered as gas (the catalyst used is activated carbon with 8-20 mesh) is shown in FIG. 3, and the calorific value of the gas is shown in FIG.

즉, 본 발명의 이단열분해를 이용하여 동진탄으로 도시가스를 생산하는 경우 최적의 조건인 열분해온도 516℃, 촉매분해온도 750℃에서 (이때 발열량은 7,000kcal/Nm3) 가스로 회수되는 총열량은 850kca/kg정도로서, 기존의 1단 열분해에 비해 110%이상 증가한다.That is, the total heat amount recovered as gas at the pyrolysis temperature of 516 ℃, the catalytic decomposition temperature of 750 ℃ (at this time the calorific value is 7,000 kcal / Nm 3 ) when producing city gas from the Dongjin coal using two-stage pyrolysis of the present invention Is about 850kca / kg, which is more than 110% higher than the conventional one-stage pyrolysis.

(실시예 2)(Example 2)

실시예 2는 중국의 동진탄으로부터 고열량가스를 연속적으로 제조할 때 얻어진 실험결과이다.Example 2 is an experimental result obtained when continuously producing high calorific gas from Dongjin coal in China.

먼저, 기존의 열분해장치(도2a)와 본 발명에서 제안한 이반열분해 장치(도1a)를 이용하여 중국의 동진탄으로부터 도시가스로 이용히 가능한 고열량가스를 제조한 실험결과를 제5도와 제6도에 나타내었다.First, using the existing pyrolysis device (FIG. 2A) and the half pyrolysis device (FIG. 1A) proposed in the present invention, the experimental results of producing high calorific gas which can be used as city gas from Dongjin coal in China are shown in FIG. Indicated.

이때 석탄의 공급속도는 6.4kg/hr이며, 촉매분해반응 온도를 750℃로 고정시키고, 열분해온도를 변화시키면서 얻은 실험결과이다.The feed rate of the coal is 6.4kg / hr, and the experimental results obtained by fixing the catalytic decomposition temperature to 750 ℃, changing the pyrolysis temperature.

제5도 및 제6도에서 보인 바와 같이, 기존의 열분해 장치(도2a)로 도시가스로 활용이 가능한 건류가스(7,000kca/Nm3)를 얻기 위해서는 열분해온도를 515℃이하로(이때 가스로 회수되는 총열량 : 440kcal/kg) 유지해야 한다.As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, in order to obtain dry gas (7,000kca / Nm 3 ) which can be used as city gas with the existing pyrolysis device (FIG. 2a), the pyrolysis temperature is lower than 515 ° C (where gas is used). Total heat recovered: 440kcal / kg).

그리고 건류온도를 600℃로 증가시키면 회수되는 총열량이 700kcal/kg정도되지만 발열량이 6000kcal/Nm3정도 되지 않는다..In addition, if the dry distillation temperature is increased to 600 ℃, the total heat recovered is about 700kcal / kg, but the calorific value is not about 6000kcal / Nm 3 .

그러나 제1a도로 표시된 이단 열분해장치를 이용한 경우, (이때 사용한 촉매는 활성탄으로 크기는 820 mesch) 열분해온도를 540℃까지 상승시켜도 도시가스로 사용이 가능한 건류가스를 호수할 수 있고, 이때 가스로 회수되는 총열량은 800kcal/kg정도로서 기존의 1단 열분해에 비해 80%이상 증가한다.However, in the case of using the two-stage pyrolysis apparatus shown in FIG. 1a (the catalyst used at this time is activated carbon with a size of 820 mesch), even if the pyrolysis temperature is increased to 540 ° C, dry gas which can be used as city gas may be laked, and recovered as gas. Total calorific value is about 800kcal / kg, which is increased by more than 80% compared to the existing one-stage pyrolysis.

이와 같이된 본 발명은 열분해 반응기에 투입된 유연탄이 1차 열분해된 후, 다시 촉매분해 반응기에서 촉매에 의하여 2차 분해되는 것이어서, 낮은 열분해 온도에서도 발열량이 높은 가스를 다량 얻을 수 있어 해당산업 분야에 실용화시킬 수 있다.The present invention as described above is the first pyrolysis of the bituminous coal introduced into the pyrolysis reactor, and then second decomposition by the catalyst in the catalytic cracking reactor, it is possible to obtain a large amount of gas with high calorific value even at low pyrolysis temperature, the practical use in the industrial field You can.

Claims (2)

유연탄을 저온에서 1차 열분해 한후, 저온 열분해에서 생성되는 액체상태성분(고온에서는 기체상태)을 최소량의 가열에 의하여 촉매분해 반응깅서 촉매분해하여 생성되는 가스의 양과 가스의 발열량을 증대시키는 유연탄 2단 열분해방법.Bituminous coal two-stage increases the amount of gas and the calorific value of the gas produced by catalytic decomposition of the liquid state component (the gas state at high temperature) produced by low temperature pyrolysis after the first pyrolysis of bituminous coal at low temperature. Pyrolysis method. 호퍼, 스크류 공급기, 열분해 반응기로 구성되는 통상의 열분해 장치에 있어서 상기 열분해 반응에서 생성된 열분해 생성물을 현열을 간진학 채, 촉매분해 반응기에 도입될 수 있도록 라인을 단열하고, 그 상단에 촉매가 내장된 촉매분해 반응기에 도입될 수 있도록 라인을 단열하고, 그 상단에 촉매가 내장된 촉매때문 반응기를 장착하여 낮은 열분해 온도에서도 발열양이 높은 가스를 다량 얻을 수 있는 유연탄 2단 열분해장치.In a conventional pyrolysis device consisting of a hopper, a screw feeder, and a pyrolysis reactor, the pyrolysis products generated in the pyrolysis reaction are insulated with sensible heat and introduced into the catalytic cracking reactor, and a catalyst is embedded thereon. A bituminous coal two-stage pyrolysis device that insulates a line so that it can be introduced into an advanced catalytic cracking reactor, and obtains a large amount of gas having a high calorific value even at a low pyrolysis temperature by installing a reactor with a catalyst embedded thereon.
KR1019930018287A 1993-09-11 1993-09-11 Apparatus and process for thermal cracking of bituminous coal KR970007099B1 (en)

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