KR960012616B1 - Brake system for industrial vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The brake system supplies an oil enough to cool a brake mechanism, adds a parking brake, and automatically operates the parking brake if hydraulic lines are out of order. The brake system comprises: a sun gear(6) rotated by a power of a driving shaft(5) via a brake adapter(7) having a plurality of friction plates(8); a planetary gear(9), a ring gear(10) and a planet carrier(11) transmitting the rotary force of the sun gear(6) for vehicle wheels; a main brake piston(21) connected to a movable plate(19) contacting with the friction plates(8); an axle housing(2) supporting the driving shaft(5); a hub carrier(17) supporting the hub(15); a brake housing(2) installed between the axle housing(18) and the hub carrier(17); a parking brake piston(22) installed within the housing(18).

Description

Brake system of industrial vehicle

1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which the overall configuration of a brake device of an industrial vehicle according to the present invention is installed on a drive shaft of a vehicle.

2 is an enlarged partial view of the brake unit shown in FIG.

3 is a detailed view of part A of FIG.

4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a conventional brake device.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: Input shaft 2: Axle housing

3: bevel gear 4: differential device

5: drive shaft 6: sun gear

7: brake adapter 8: friction plate

9: planetary gear 10: ring gear

11: planet carrier 12: bearing

13: hub bolt 14: wheel

15 Hub 16 Bearing

17 hub carrier 18 brake housing

19: moving plate 20: support holder

21: main brake piston 22: parking brake piston

23: spring 24: bolt

25: main brake chamber 26: parking brake chamber

27: hydraulic passage for the main brake 28: hydraulic passage for the parking brake

29: through hole 30: parking release bolt

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a brake device applied to industrial and construction vehicles, and more particularly, to a brake device that allows a parking brake device using a restoring force of a spring to be added to a brake system using a disc shaped brake.

In general, brake devices of various industrial or construction vehicles are installed in a hub including a brake piston and a wheel supporting frame of a vehicle. The space inside the hub is narrow, and heat generated during braking by the brake is limited. Since there is a possibility that the brake parts may be damaged because there is not enough oil to cool down, and there is not enough space to install the parking brake, an additional system must be additionally installed to install the parking brake. do.

The above-mentioned problem will be described with reference to the brake device of FIG. 4 showing the most common technique of various conventional brake devices. The bolt 103 is provided on the drive shaft case 102 for supporting and protecting the drive shaft 101 of the vehicle. The brake adapter 105 is splined to the protruding end portion 101a of the drive shaft 101 protruding from the tip of the hub carrier 104 fixedly connected to the hub carrier 104, and a plurality of friction plates ( 106 is fixedly disposed in a radial direction so as to rotate together with the brake adapter 105, and a spline insertion is performed at the front of the brake adapter 105 so that a sun gear 107 is aligned with the driving shaft 101. Thus, the rotational force of the drive shaft 101 rotates the sun gear 107 through the brake adapter 105.

A plurality of planetary gears 108 are disposed around the sun gear 107, and a ring gear 109 that is splined and fixed to the hub carrier 104 is covered outside the planetary gear 108. As the sun gear 107 rotates, the planetary gear 108 rotates with respect to the ring gear 109, so that the rotational force of the planetary gear 108 is transmitted to the outer side of the hub carrier 104 through the planetary gear carrier 110. The driving force is transmitted to the hub 112 supported through the bearing 111 and the wheel (not shown) installed outside the hub 112 is driven by the driving force transmitted to the hub 112. It is.

In the state where the plurality of moving plates 113 are disposed between the friction plates 106 inside the connecting portion connecting the hub carrier 104 and the ring gear 109 to each other, only forward and backward movement is possible and rotation is impossible. The moving plate 113 is moved back and forth by the brake piston 114 installed inside the tip of the hub carrier 104 while contacting the friction plate 106 to prevent rotation of the friction plate 106. The rotation of the 101 and the rotation of the planetary gear carrier 110 are prevented.

In the above-described structure, when the brake pedal is pressed to stop or reduce the vehicle, the power transmitted to the drive shaft 101 is essentially blocked by the flow of the hydraulic oil supplied to the drive motor (not shown). If you press on the rotational force is not already transmitted to the drive shaft, but by the inertia force is to hold the drive shaft 101 and the wheel is installed to hold the wheel so as not to rotate any more.

However, in the conventional brake device having the above structure, since the brake piston 114 and the moving plate 113 are provided inside the connecting portion of the hub carrier 104 and the ring gear 109, the location of the brake is narrow. Therefore, only a small amount of lubricating oil can exist in the narrow space. Therefore, the frictional heat of the friction plate 106 provided on the brake adapter 105 and the moving plate 113 operated by the brake piston 114 cannot be sufficiently reduced by only a small amount of lubricant in the narrow space.

Therefore, the friction plate 106 and the moving plate 113 are easily worn by the frictional heat, and the brake piston 114 is merely used to park or stop the vehicle while driving. In order to install the parking brake, a conventional brake device as described above had to be additionally provided with a brake mechanism.

Therefore, the conventional apparatus of the bar as a whole, first of all, because the space for installing the brake device for the stop is very small, the space for accommodating the lubricating oil is small, the cooling effect by the lubricating oil is small, the parts of the brake mechanism is easily damaged. As described above, since the installation space of the brake mechanism is small, the parking brake must install a separate mechanism in a separate place, so the additional facilities are increased, and the cost and manpower required for the installation are increased. there was.

In the conventional apparatus as described above, since the brake system itself is not provided with a means for operating the parking brake system in the event that the hydraulic line is broken, when the hydraulic line is broken and the vehicle cannot be bypassed, As one had to operate a separate parking brake device provided, if there is no such means was not able to park the vehicle even if the hydraulic line breaks.

Accordingly, the present invention solves the problems described above, can supply sufficient oil to cool the brake mechanism, and can also install the parking brake and double brake, if the hydraulic line is broken automatically parking brake It is an object of the present invention to provide a brake device for an industrial vehicle in which the parking brake is operated.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a brake housing between an axle housing and a hub carrier supporting a wheel of a vehicle, and simultaneously installs a main brake mechanism and a parking brake mechanism in the brake housing. The brake mechanism is operated by the main brake pressure supplied from the outside, and the parking brake mechanism is operated by the parking brake pressure supplied from the outside, while the parking brake maintains the state in which the external parking brake pressure is always supplied. If it is not supplied to this brake pressure, the parking brake is of a negative type for operating, whereas the deceleration brake is of a positive type that operates only when hydraulic oil is supplied. In addition, the parking brake mechanism has a structure in which a mechanical parking brake releasing mechanism is provided to solve a phenomenon in which the vehicle cannot move because the parking brake pressure is not supplied due to a failure of the vehicle.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be described in detail.

1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a vehicle drive shaft with a device according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing only the features of the present invention in FIG. 1, wherein the driving force of the vehicle is the input shaft 1. Is transmitted through the bevel gear (3) and the differential device (4) installed in the axle housing (2) and the drive shaft (5) disposed at right angles to the input shaft (1), and to the drive shaft (5). The transmitted power is doubled by driving the sun gear 6 through a brake adapter 7 which is arranged in a straight line with the drive shaft 5 and is covered with a spline coupling on the outside of the sun gear 6 which is in contact with each other. A plurality of brake friction plates 8 arranged radially at predetermined intervals on the outer circumferential surface of the brake adapter 7 are also rotated together.

A plurality of planetary gears 9 are disposed at predetermined intervals around the sun gear 6, and a ring gear 10 is disposed outside the planetary gear 9, and the sun gear 6 and the A planet carrier 11 is installed between the planetary gears 6 so as to rotate relative to the planetary gear 9 and the sun gear 6 by rotation of the bearing 12 through the bearing 12. At the end of the bar, the wheel 14 and the hub 15 are fixedly installed through the hub bolt 13, and the hub 15 surrounds the periphery of the sun gear 6 through the bearing 16. The structure is supported by the hub carrier 17.

Further, in the above-described structure, a separate brake housing 18 is installed between the axle housing 2 and the hub carrier 17, and the circle of the brake adapter 7 is provided inside the brake housing 18. The friction plate 8 attached to the main surface is positioned, and the inner surface of the brake housing 18 can move in the longitudinal direction of the drive shaft 5, but a plurality of the plates cannot be rotated along the circumferential direction. While the moving plate 19 has a structure provided in the support shaft 20 of the moving plate 19, each said moving plate 19 is between the friction plates 8 provided in the brake adapter 7, respectively. Inserted one by one, the movable plate support holder 20 has a structure that is connected with the main brake housing 21.

On the other hand, while the main brake piston 21 and the parking brake piston 22 are installed in the brake housing 18 to be free to move along the longitudinal direction of the drive shaft 5, the parking brake piston 21 and The rear side of the parking brake piston 22, that is, the inner wall of the parking brake piston 22 and the axle are closely connected to each other via the bolt 24 fitted with the return spring 20 of the parking brake piston 22. Compression springs S are inserted between the inner wall of the housing 2 so that the compression springs S always push the pistons 21 and 22 forward.

In addition, the tip of the bolt 24 is screwed to the parking brake piston 22, the main brake piston 21 is free to move over the bolt 24 through the through-hole 21a formed therethrough. The return spring 23 is fitted between the head of the bolt 24 and the main brake piston 21 to the outside of the bolt 24. Accordingly, the main brake piston 21 is free to move while compressing the return spring 23 with respect to the parking brake piston 22.

In addition, a main brake chamber 25 is provided between the main brake piston 21 and the parking brake piston 22, and a parking release chamber 26 is provided between the parking brake piston 22 and the brake housing 18. The main brake chamber 25 is in communication with the hydraulic passage 27 for the main brake, while the parking brake chamber 26 is connected with the hydraulic parking passage 28 for releasing the parking from the hydraulic supply source. The main brake piston 21 or the parking brake piston 22 pushes the moving plate 19 against the friction plate 8 through the moving plate support shaft 20 by the supplied pressure oil to prevent the friction plate 8. It is designed to prevent rotation.

In the brake housing 18, the parking release bolt 30 is inserted into the through hole 29 penetrating from the outside to the inclined surface of the parking brake piston 22 so as to move up and down. 30, the inclined surface 31 is formed as shown in FIG. 3, and the inclined surface 31 formed at the tip of the bolt 30 is in contact with the parking brake piston 22, The inclined surface 32 which comes into contact with the inclined surface 31 of the said bolt 30 is formed in the contact part which this parking brake piston 22 contacts with the said parking release bolt 30, and makes the said bolt 30 When tightened downward, the inclined surface 31 formed at the tip of the bolt 30 pushes the parking brake piston 22 backward to release the parking brake by the parking brake piston 22. .

Therefore, in the apparatus of the present invention having the above-described structure, only the hub 15 is provided on the hub carrier 17, and is engaged with the sun gear 6 in front of the hub carrier 17. The planetary gear 9 has a structure in which the planetary gear 9 is connected in series, and the brake housing 18 is inserted between the axle housing 2 and the hub carrier 17 as described above. The distance from 7) to the planetary gear 9 provided at the tip of the hub carrier 17 can be increased, so that the length of the sun gear 6 is longer than that of the sun gear used in the conventional apparatus.

In addition, although the compression spring S is shown as a disk spring in FIGS. 1 and 2 as described above, the compression spring S is not necessarily limited to a spring of this disk type, Other springs that can exert a force may be used, for example coil springs.

The apparatus of the present invention having the structure as described above, if the brake pedal installed in the vehicle is depressed in order to decelerate or stop the vehicle as needed while driving the vehicle, driving the vehicle by an internal hydraulic device (not shown) The flow of the pressurized oil supplied to the hydraulic motor is blocked so that the driving force is not transmitted to the pressure shaft 1, and the pressurized oil is pressed into the main brake chamber 25 through the main brake hydraulic passage 27. Oil will flow in.

The pressurized oil flowing into the main brake chamber 25 pushes the main brake piston 21 toward the friction plate 8 while compressing the spring 23 which is loosely fitted to the outside of the bolt 24. At this time, the bolt 24, the spring 23 is fitted to the outside of the lower end is fixedly connected to the parking brake piston 22, such as by screw, the main brake piston 21 with respect to the bolt 24 Since the main brake piston 21 moves forward by the hydraulic oil injected into the main brake chamber 25, the bolt 24 does not move together with the main brake piston 21 because it is freely movable. .

On the other hand, when you want to park the vehicle in the garage or other predetermined place after the operation of the vehicle to pull the parking brake pedal or head lever, etc. to operate the parking brake, because the vehicle is already stopped at this time As can be seen, the drive rotation of the drive shaft 5 is already stationary, and the braking is carried out in a stopped state just to prevent the vehicle from moving by its own weight or other external forces. As described above, when the parking brake pedal or the parking brake lever is operated as described above, the pressurized oil supplied through the parking release hydraulic passage 28 is no longer supplied into the parking brake chamber 25. Therefore, the pressure inside the chamber 25 becomes better. Therefore, the parking brake piston 22, which is always pushed backward in the state in which the compression spring S is compressed by pressurized oil in the main brake chamber 25, is caused by the restoring force of the spring S. The main brake piston 21 is pushed toward the friction plate 8 due to the structural relationship being pushed toward the 21 and in close contact with the main brake piston 21.

That is, when the brake pedal or the parking brake means is operated for parking or deceleration or stopping, the main brake piston 21 is pushed by the movement of only the main brake piston 21 or by the movement of the parking brake piston 22. As the main brake piston 21 moves toward the friction plate 8 during the movement, the main brake piston 21 is fixedly connected to the main brake piston 21 and installed to move in the longitudinal direction along the interior of the brake housing 18. The use plate support holder 20 moves together with the main brake piston 21, and the moving plate 19 extending downward in the radial direction to the moving plate support holder 20 includes the friction plate ( 8) the drive shaft 5 and the sun gear, in which the brake adapter 7 provided on the friction plate 8 is splined to each other by contacting the block 8 to prevent rotation of the friction plate 8; By holding the rotation by the inertia of (6) is to make the brake operation.

On the other hand, when a failure occurs in the vehicle and the engine cannot be operated so that the hydraulic oil cannot be supplied into the parking brake chamber 26, or when a failure occurs in the brake device itself, the compression spring ( Since the parking brake piston 22 is pushed toward the main brake piston 21 by the action of S), braking is maintained. Therefore, the parking brake piston 22 can be moved to a workshop or other predetermined place to repair the vehicle. In this case, when the parking bolt 30 is tightened downward, the inclined surface 31 formed at the tip of the bolt 30 is the inclined surface 32 of the parking brake piston 22. ) And the component force of the force applied vertically downward of the bolt 30 due to the relationship between the inclined surfaces 31 and 32 is applied to the parking brake piston 22. It is converted into the force of the force pushing in the horizontal direction on the right side to pull the parking brake piston 22 pushed toward the friction plate 8 to the rear. Therefore, it is possible to easily solve the problem of the parking brake operation due to the inability to supply the parking brake release oil.

On the other hand, since the main brake piston 21, the friction plate 8 and the moving plate 19 are installed in the brake housing separately provided as described above, the installation space is widened so that these components are disposed in the brake housing. It is possible to supply a sufficient amount of oil so that the oil can absorb the heat generated when braking the parts. Therefore, frequent braking can prevent damage to the heat of the brake parts.

As described above, in the apparatus according to the present invention, the main brake device and the parking brake device are provided in one brake housing so that a separate mechanism for the parking brake is not additionally provided and the brake can supply sufficient pressure oil. By installing the main brake device in the housing, the hydraulic oil in the brake housing absorbs heat generated by friction when the parts forming the main brake device are provided, so that even if the vehicle breaks down, parking is prevented. By simply releasing the brake, it is possible to withstand it. In particular, in the event of a breakdown in the hydraulic line, the parking brake piston 22 automatically operates the parking brake by the compression spring S, thereby ensuring safety without causing an accident. It can be planned. In addition, the brake device having various functions as described above can be made compact.

Claims (10)

The rotational force transmitted to the drive shaft 5 of the vehicle is transmitted to the sun gear 6 through a brake adapter 7 having a plurality of friction plates 8, and the rotational force of the sun gear 6 is transmitted to the planetary gear 9 and the ring gear. The moving plate 19 connected to the main brake piston 21 which is transmitted to the wheels of the vehicle through the 10 and the planet carrier 11 to drive the vehicle and operates by operating the brake pedal of the vehicle is the friction plate ( 8. A brake device of an industrial vehicle, which is configured to brake a vehicle by contacting with 8) to prevent rotation of the friction plate 8, the hub having an axle housing 2 supporting the drive shaft 5 and a wheel of the vehicle attached thereto. The brake housing 18 is installed between the hub carriers 17 for supporting the 15, and the main brake piston 21 and the parking brake piston 22 are installed together in the brake housing 18. Of industrial vehicles Blake device. 2. The brake apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the parking brake piston (22) is elastically supported by a compression spring (S). 3. The brake apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the compression spring (S) is made of a disk type spring. 3. The brake apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the compression spring (S) is made of a spring in a coil type. 2. The main brake piston 21 and the parking brake piston 22 are in close contact with each other, and these pistons 21 and 22 are connected to each other by a bolt 24 having a return spring 23. The lower end of the bolt 24 is connected to the parking brake piston 22, and the main brake piston 21 moves freely along the bolt 24 while compressing the return spring 23. Brake device for an industrial vehicle, characterized in that installed. 2. The main brake piston actuating chamber 25 is provided between the main brake piston 21 and the inner wall of the brake housing 18, and the parking brake piston 22 and the brake housing 18 Brake device for an industrial vehicle, characterized in that the parking brake piston operation chamber 26 is provided between the inner wall. 8. The through hole 29 is formed in the brake housing 18 from the outside to the inclined plane of the parking brake piston, and the parking brake piston 22 is inserted into the through hole 29. Brake device for an industrial vehicle, characterized in that the parking release bolt 30 is inserted to push back. 8. The inclined surface 31 which is in direct contact with the parking brake piston 22 is formed at the tip of the parking release bolt 30, and the parking brake piston 22 is the parking release bolt 30. Brake apparatus of the industrial vehicle, characterized in that the surface in contact with the inclined surface (32). 7. The operation of pressure oil according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the main brake piston 21 flows into the main brake piston actuating chamber 25 through the main brake hydraulic passage 27 formed in the brake housing 18. Brake device for an industrial vehicle, characterized in that acting to operate the brake by. 7. The operation of pressure oil according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the parking brake piston (22) flows into the parking brake piston operating chamber (26) through the parking brake hydraulic passage (28) formed in the brake housing (18). Brake apparatus for an industrial vehicle, characterized in that to release the parking brake operation by.