KR920010350B1 - Roll crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

[Name of invention]

Crushing method using roll crusher and roll crusher

[Brief Description of Drawings]

1 is a side cross-sectional view of a roll crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention,

2 is a cross-sectional plan view taken along the line II-II of FIG.

3 is a cross-sectional view of the roll crusher of FIG.

4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 1,

5 and 6 are cross-sectional views of a conventional roll crusher,

7A and 7B are perspective views showing the crushing chamber,

8 shows partial wear of a roll in the roll axial direction,

9 is a sectional view showing one example of a roll drive device;

10 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a roll drive device;

11 shows a gear train used in the apparatus of FIG. 10;

12 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a roll drive device;

13 is a diagram showing an interference crushing method;

14 is a view showing a conventional shredding method,

15 and 16 are graphs showing granularity of raw materials and crushed products.

* Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings

1: frame 2,3: roller

5: supply port 6: crushing chamber

6c, 6d: Open hole 7: Fixing plate

8: slidegate 9: loading

10: motor 11: check plate

12: flange 20: gear train

25: clutch 30: auxiliary motor

Detailed description of the invention

[Technical Field]

The present invention relates to a roll crusher for crushing rocks, ores and the like and a crushing method using the roll crusher.

[Background]

In the roll crusher, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, there is a pair of rolls 2 and 3 which face each other and rotate in opposite directions, and is a crushing chamber which is a space formed between these pairs of rolls. There is a type in which (6) the crushed material such as rock and ore is supplied through the supply port 5 and compressed crushed while the supplied crushed material is rolled into the pair of rolls 2 and 3.

As this kind of roll crusher, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the longitudinal side surfaces 6a, 6b of the crushing chamber (area shown by broken lines) 6 have a pair of rolls 2,3. A perforated hole formed by the outer circumferential surface of the edge, while its end faces 6c and 6d are formed between the respective end faces 2a, 2b and 3a and 3b of the pair of rolls 2 and 3; Matches.

However, the illustrated crushing chamber 6 is a figure for convenience of description, and it does not always become the area shown, but fluctuates to a suitable spatial area according to crushing conditions.

By the way, in the conventional roll crusher, there is a side plate liner called a check plate or the like in order to prevent the crushed object from overflowing from the openings 6a and 6d at the end faces of the crushing chamber 6. .

As the roll crusher, during the crushing operation by the rolls 2 and 3, the crushed material is transferred to the crushing chamber 6 through the lower end of the crushing chamber end surface opening 6c6d (in this part, the pressure applied to the crushed object is high). There is a phenomenon that the pressure applied to the two rolls 2 and 3 is high at the center of the roll and lowered at both ends.

If the crushing operation is repeatedly performed in such a state, the double wools 2 and 3 may be unevenly worn, having a small diameter at the center and a large diameter at both ends, as shown in FIG. there was.

If such partial wear occurs, the fracture gap between the rolls cannot be maintained uniformly in the axial direction. When grinding the crushed material in a relatively small fracture gap such as the production of crushed sand, the roll at both ends of the roll Even if these fracture gaps are brought into a zero state in contact with each other, the fracture gap becomes too large in the center portion.

Partial wear of the roll is one of the biggest drawbacks of the roll crusher, a phenomenon well known for a long time. When such a state becomes effective, effective crushing cannot be performed. Therefore, the surface of the roll is polished and the crushing gap is uniformly returned in the axial direction. It required time-consuming maintenance work.

By the way, in the case of crushing rock or ore by a roll crusher, in order to increase the crushing ratio, the roll gap was crushed by adjusting to the particle size of the target product or less. In particular, in the case of targeting fine grain products, in order to increase the ratio of the fine grains in the crushed product, the roll gap was usually about 1/2 of the particle size of the desired product.

According to FIG. 14, if a conventional crusher is used, the gap between the pair of rollers 2 and 3 facing each other, that is, the crushing gap S, is smaller than the diameter F of the particles to be crushed, It was equal to or less than the particle diameter (P). The particles to be shredded are crushed under increasing pressure from the point of contact with the surface of the pair of opposite rolls until the opposite roll passes through the most accessible location.

Thus, in the conventional roll crusher, since the crushing gap S was narrow, the passing capacity of the crushed object was small in the crushing chamber, and the production capacity of the product was low. In particular, the smaller the target particle size of the product, the narrower the fracture gap is accordingly, and thus the lowering of the production capacity becomes more significant.

Further, the crushed object is pushed in the left and right directions of the drawing by the rolls 2 and 3, so that the particle size and shape are restricted in terms of the left and right directions, but the other two directions, for example, the up and down direction and the ground of the drawing It is not regulated in the vertical direction. Therefore, in the crushed product, a large number of particles having a dimension larger than or equal to the crushing gap S are included, and as is well known, even a particle has many uneven particles or elongated particles.

[Purpose of invention]

The first object is to uniformize the pressure distribution in the longitudinal direction (the axial direction of the roll) in the crushing chamber, to enhance the compression crushing effect and to prevent the occurrence of partial wear of the roll in the roll axial direction.

A second object is to reduce the cost by simplifying the device for driving the roll.

A third object is to improve the production capacity in the case of producing a product, especially a product of small particle size, by producing a roll crusher and to make the shape of the particles of the produced product into a good shape.

[Initiation of invention]

The invention which achieves the first object has a pair of rolls opposed to each other, and supplies a crushed object in a crushing chamber, which is a space formed between these rolls, and compresses the crushed material by rolling the crushed object by the pair of rolls. It is a roll crusher for crushing, either of which is fixed to the end face of one of the rolls and rotates like this roll, and has a larger outer diameter than the outer diameter of the roll and has a larger outer diameter and closes the opening of the end of the crushing chamber. A flange arranged so as to prevent a portion other than the area blocked by the flange from among the openings at the end of the crushing chamber, and a fixed arrangement to prevent the crushed object from overflowing from the opening at the end of the crushing chamber. It is a roll crusher characterized in that it has a suppressed member.

The invention which achieves the second object is a roll crusher which has a pair of rolls facing each other and is crushed while rolling the crushed material by these rolls, and the driving roll which is one of the pairs of rolls is driven and rotated. The driven roll, which is the other roll, is a roll crusher characterized in that it rotates freely and rotates like a driving roll via a crushed object rolled between these rolls while at least a crushing is being performed.

The invention which achieves the third object is a roll crusher having a pair of rolls facing each other and crushed while rolling the crushed material by these rolls, wherein the crushed material is continuously supplied to the crushing chamber formed. In the roll crusher in which the rolls are rotated in opposite directions, the crushed material is rolled up, and the compression crushing is continuously performed. The crushing gap between the rolls is 0.6 to 2.4 times the particle size through which 80% of the crushed material passes. A crushing method by a roll crusher is characterized by supplying the amount of passage of the crushed material so as to be in a range of 0.5 to 0.8 times the initial passage capacity of the crusher, and driving the roll which is one of the pair of rolls.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

1 and 2 show an example of the roll crusher according to the present invention. In these figures, the same members as those of the conventional apparatus shown in Fig. 15 are denoted by the same reference numerals. This roll crusher is different from the conventional roll crusher as a suppressing member which prevents the crushed object from overflowing in the crushing chamber by blocking the open holes 6c and 6c (see also 7b) at both ends of the crushing chamber 6. In addition to the check plate 11, the flange 12 which prevents the crushed object from being pushed out of the crushing chamber 6 past the lower end of the high pressure applied to the crushed object of the end surface openings 6c and 6d. Is installed. The flange 12 is fixed to both end faces of one roller 3 and rotates like this roller 3. The outer diameter of the flange 12 is larger than the outer diameter of the roll 3 by at least the fracture gap between the rolls.

Since the flange 12 rotates integrally with the roll 3, the relative potential between the flanges 2 and 3 with the to-be-crushed object to be crushed at high pressure is small. As a result, the wear of the flange 12 is minimized, and even if the wear of the rolls 2 and 3 proceeds for a long time, the flange exerted to uniformize the pressure applied to both the rolls 2 and 3 in the axial direction ( 12), the partial wear of the rolls 2 and 3 can be prevented over a long period of time, and a good compression crushing effect can be maintained.

In addition, a fixing plate 7 and a slide gate 8 are provided in the supply port 5 of the crushed object. As shown in FIG. 3, a rod 9 is connected to the slide gate 8, and the rod 9 is moved as shown by the arrow AA 'to between the fixed plate 7 and the slide gate 8. You can adjust the gap of the space.

As a result, the amount of the crushed material transferred from the supply port 5 to the crushing chamber 6 can be adjusted. The tip of the slide gate 8 is curved, so that the cross-sectional shape of the supply port 5 is wide at both end regions of the crushing chamber 6, and narrowed at the central region is the side wall of the supply port 5. It is for preventing the supply of the crushed object to the portion (that is, both ends of the crushing chamber 6) from being insufficient due to friction or the like, and uniformly supplying the crushed substance to the whole crushing chamber 6 in the longitudinal direction.

In addition, the length L in the longitudinal direction of the supply port 5 is substantially the same as the length between the two flanges 12 of the roll 3, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. It is set slightly longer than the axial length L 'of.

This is to make the tip of the slide gate 8 curved as described above, and to uniformly supply the crushed object over the entire length of the rolls 2 and 3.

In FIG. 2, reference sign BE is a bearing for supporting the rolls 2 and 3.

According to the roll crusher shown in Fig. 1, the crushed material is extruded from the crushed chamber 6 in the axial direction of the rolls 2 and 3 by the compressive force of the rolls 2 and 3, so that the flange with less wear ( 12), the pressure applied to the rolls 2 and 3 and the compressive force acting between the crushed particles in the crushing chamber 6 become uniform for a long time throughout the longitudinal direction (roll axial direction). As a result, partial wear of the roll can be prevented for a long time, and a good compression crushing effect can be maintained.

9 shows, in particular, a drive for rotating the pair of rolls 2 and 3. The roll 3 on the right side of the drawing is supported on the frame 1 by the bearing BE1 and is connected to the drive source, for example, the output shaft of the motor 10 via the shaft coupling 19. .

The motor 10 rotates the roll 3 counterclockwise in FIG. 1.

The roll 2 on the left side of the drawing is supported by the bearing BE2 and is made of a rotating material (so that it can rotate freely).

In crushing, first, the roll 10 is rotated counterclockwise in FIG. 1 by the motor 10. Then, the other roll 2 is rotated in the clockwise direction in FIG. 1 via the torn material in the shredding chamber 6, and as a result, the torn pieces are reversed from each other (2, 3). It is crushed by being entrained in

Since the driven roller 2 also follows the driving roller 3 and rotates at about the same speed, the crushing is surely performed without any trouble.

In this case, since there are only one driving source for the rolls 2 and 3, the structure of the whole roll crusher becomes simple, and the cost is reduced accordingly.

By the way, in the roll crusher, both the rolls 2 and 3 mutually adjust each other in order to adjust the particle size of the crushed product or to compensate for the wear of the rolls 2 and 3 to maintain the crushing gap between the rolls. It is desirable to allow the attachment positions of these rolls to be relatively moved so that the can be near or remote.

For this reason, in this arrangement, the bearing BE2 supporting the driven roller 2 is attached to the frame 1 so as to be movable as shown by the arrow AA '.

In this case, the roll 2 is a freely rotating roll, and since the driving means of the motor or the like is not attached, the movement of the bearing BE2, and thus the position movement of the roll 2, can be easily performed.

As a result, it is possible to easily adjust the fracture gap between the rolls.

10 shows another example of a drive device for the rolls 2 and 3. In this figure, members that are the same as the apparatus shown in FIG. 9 are given the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

The driven roller 2 is connected to the drive roller 3 via the gear train 20, and the rotation of the drive roller 3 is transmitted to the driven roller 2 by the gear train 20. The gear train 20 is composed of four gears 21, 22, 23, and 24 engaged with each other as shown in, for example, FIG. 11, and furthermore, the rotary shaft 2a of the final gear 24 and the driven roller 2 is further included. ), The one-way clutch 25 is provided.

In this gear train 20, the gear ratio is set so that the rotation of the drive roller 3 may be decelerated by at least 5% and transmitted to the driven roller 2. In addition, the one-way clutch 25 transmits the clockwise rotation (figure 11) of the final gear 24 to the roll shaft 2a, but does not transmit the rotation in the opposite direction.

In crushing, first, the motor 10 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction of FIG. 11 by the driving roller 3. At this time, the driven roller 2 is rotated in the clockwise direction at a speed of at least 5% by the action of the gear train 20.

When a crushed object is supplied between the good rolls 2 and 3 in this state, the crushed material is rolled up between the good rolls 2 and 3 which are already starting to rotate.

When the crushed object is rolled up between the rollers, the rotational speed of the driven roller 2 is approximately equal to the rotational speed of the driving roller 3 by the interposition of the crushed material. As a result, the driven roller 2 is freely rotated without being constrained by the rotation of the final gear 24 and thus the driving roller 3. At this time, each gear of the gear train 20 is in a so-called idle state.

In the apparatus of FIG. 9, since the driven roller 2 is stopped at first, when the coarse and large particle are contained in the to-be-crushed object, the situation that the coarse and large particle cannot be broken can also be considered.

As a result, the roll gap angle (the maximum engagement angle that can be broken between the rolls) becomes small. On the other hand, according to the apparatus which rotates the driven roller 2 at low speed previously, such a coarse and large particle can also be forcibly rolled up and broken.

In addition, the gear train 20 is only for rotational transmission under no load or light load, and only idles during the crushing process. Therefore, it is not necessary to transmit such a large torque, so it does not require such a large intensity. Therefore, the cost does not rise much.

As described above, it is preferable that at least one of the rolls 2 and 3 be movable to adjust the fracture gap between the rolls. In this case, in Fig. 11, the intermediate gears 22 and 23 may be moved around the roll shaft 3a as shown by arrow EE 'to change their positions.

Figure 12 shows another drive. This apparatus is provided with an auxiliary motor 30 in the driven roller 2 of the apparatus shown in FIG.

The auxiliary motor 30 can be turned on and off in a timely manner by a control device (not shown). When the auxiliary motor 30 is turned off, the driven roller 2 idles. The auxiliary motor 30 is connected to the driven roller 2 via the clutch, and the driven roller 2 is rotated by turning the clutch on and off. It can also be stopped (idle).

The rotational speed of the driven roller 2 by the auxiliary bowler 30 can be equal to the rotational speed of the driving roller 3 by the motor 10.

Even if both speeds are different, there is no particular problem, and as in the case of FIG. 10, the driven roller is driven by the auxiliary motor 30 through the one-way clutch so that the rotation of the driven roller 2 is at least 5% later than the driving roller 3. (2) can also be driven.

When the rolls 2 and 3 are no load or light load, the auxiliary motor 30 is turned on and the driven roller 2 rotates. At this time, the driving roller 3 is rotated by the motor 10. In this state, the crushed material is sent between the positive and negative soils 2 and 3, and the crushing starts.

Once the crushing starts, the auxiliary motor 39 is turned off, and then the driven roller 2 becomes freely rotatable, and rotates following the driving roller 3 via the crushed object.

Since the crushing operation thereafter continues in this state, the driven roller 2 is rotated in advance using the auxiliary motor 30 at no load or light load. However, since a large torque is not necessary for the rotation at this time, As the auxiliary motor 30, an extremely cheap one can be used, and the cost does not increase by that much. In this way, the cost can be reduced compared to the case of driving both rolls separately.

On the other hand, since the driven roller 2 is rotated in advance at no load, similarly to the case of the apparatus shown in FIG. 10, crushing of coarse and large crushed particles (maintaining the roller gap angle) is achieved.

As a crushing method using a roll crusher, there is an advantageous method as described below. This shredding method means that in Fig. 13, the shredding gap S between the mirrors 2 and 3 is 0.6 to 2.4 times the particle size through which 80% of the shredded material passes, and the amount of the shredded material passed through is the theory of the shredder. The supply amount of the crushed object is controlled to be in a range of 0.5 to 0.8 times the passing capacity.

In addition, "the particle size which 80% of a crushed object passes" means that when a crushed substance having a certain particle size distribution is sieved by a sieve having a predetermined size, 80% of the crushed substance passes through the sieve, The dimension of the mesh of such a sieve corresponds to the case where the remaining 20% remains in the sieve.

In addition, "theoretical passing capacity of a crusher" is a quantity expressed by the roll width x the peripheral speed of the roll x the crushing gap between the rolls x the heavy weight of the crushed object.

In the case of crushing rocks or ores by means of a bellows and roll crusher, as shown in FIG. 14, the crushing gap S is smaller than the diameter F of the particles to be crushed and the particles of the desired product. It was set equal to or less than the diameter P. Thus, in the conventional roll crusher, since the crushing gap S is narrow, the passing capacity was small and the production capacity of the product was low. In particular, the smaller the target particle size of the product, the narrower the fracture gap is accordingly, so that the decrease in production capacity becomes more significant.

In addition, the crushed object is pressed in the left and right directions of the drawing by the rolls 2 and 3 so that the size and shape of the particles are restricted with respect to the left and right directions, but the other two directions, for example, the up and down direction of the drawing and the ground vertical Bang Bang is not regulated. Therefore, many particles having a dimension equal to or greater than the crushing gap S are included in the crushed product, and as is well known, there are inconveniences in that the particles are more of flat particles or elongated particles.

On the other hand, according to the new shredding method described above, the shredding chamber is formed by widening the shredding gap S, so that the flow of the shredded particles of multiple layers passes between two opposite rolls. As a result, the passing capacity of the crushed material is significantly increased. When the crushing chamber is formed wide, a large amount of crushed material is sent into the crushing chamber, and the individual crushed objects exert pressure on each other, and crushing is performed here.

In general, such crushing is called layer compression crushing, intergranular crushing or interference crushing. Although the degree of interference between the particles to be crushed is called the interference crushing effect, the present invention controls the interference crushing effect to significantly increase the processing capacity of the roll crusher, and to realize good pressure crushing.

In this new crushing method, the "controlling amount of the pulverized substance to be controlled so that the passage amount of the crushed substance is in the range of 0.5 to 0.8 times the theoretical passage capacity" is to maintain the above-mentioned interference crushing effect optimally.

By doing in this way, the to-be-crushed object is crushed finely more than what is regulated by the crushing gap S, and a large quantity of product can be obtained efficiently, even if the target product particle size is minute. In addition, when interference crushing is performed, the individual crushed objects are crushed under pressure in all directions, so that the resulting crushed product is in a good shape, namely, a cubic shape with a small shape, and rarely becomes a flat shape or a bad shape.

If the crushing gap S is widened to more than 2.4 times the particle size through which 80% of the crushed material passes, the passing capacity becomes larger with water, but the product particles become coarse and large because substantial interference crushing effects cannot be obtained, and substantial crushing is not performed. Will not. In addition, even if the crushing gap S is within the range of 0.6 to 2.4 times the particle size through which 80% of the crushed material passes, if the amount of the crushed object is excessive and the passage amount exceeds 0.8 times the theoretical passing capacity, the crushing chamber (Thirteenth In the process of compacting the crushed object in FIG. KLMN), not only does the crushed object become excessively excessive, but also the load becomes excessive, and pulverization occurs rather than crushing, thereby generating fine powder.

Therefore, in order to secure the necessary sufficient interference effect and to avoid excessive overcrowding, the opposed rollable crushing gap is set to 0.6 to 2.4 times the particle size through which 80% of the crushed material passes, and further, the crushed material It is an essential condition that the supply amount is limited so that the passing amount of X is in the range of 0.5 to 0.8 times the theoretical passage capacity, preferably in the range of 0.6 to 0.7.

The crushing experiment performed using each of the crushing method according to the present invention shown in FIG. 13 and the conventional crushing method shown in FIG. 14 will be described below.

Anthracite No. 7 crushed stone was used as the crushed material, that is, a raw material. This raw material has a particle size configuration shown by the curve L in FIG. That is, this raw material contains 20 weight% of particles of 4.8 mm or more in particle size, and 80 weight% of particles of 4.8 mm or less. Using this raw material, crushing was carried out with the aim of crushing products having a particle diameter of 2.1 mm or less, and the granularity of the crushing products obtained by the crushing method according to the present invention (FIG. 13) is shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. As shown by the curve l1 of the figure, the granularity of the crushed product obtained by the conventional method (FIG. 14) is as shown by the curve l2. In addition, when the experimental result was displayed, it was like the 1st table | surface.

[Table 1]

Note) In the table, the measurement results of the standing determination performance rate of the crushed sand according to JIS-A5004 are also shown to indicate the difference in the standing shape of the products produced by both methods.

As can be seen from the curves l1 and l2 of FIGS. 15 and 16, the granularity of the crushed products of the present invention and the conventional method is almost equal. As can be seen from the first table, the present invention is much superior to the conventional shredding method with respect to the production amount of the shredded product and the consumption power per unit yield.

In addition, according to the granularity determination result of the first table and the visual observation of the crushed product, it can be seen that the particle shape of the crushed product obtained by the method of the present invention is almost cubic, and is superior to the conventional methods having many flat and thin sheets.

Claims (4)

A roll crusher having a pair of rolls facing each other and crushed while the crushed material is rolled up by these rolls, wherein one of the pair of rolls is driven and the other roll driven roller is free to rotate. A roll crusher for crushing rocks, ores, and the like, which rotates together with a driving roll via a crushed object that is rolled between these rolls while at least crushing is performed, wherein the driven roll is unloaded before crushing is performed. A roll crusher comprising a means for rotating at low speed in advance. 2. The driving mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the means transmits only the gear train which decelerates the rotation of the driving roller to convey to the driven roller, and the rotation in the direction in which the crushed object is rolled between the gear and the driven roller. A roll crusher comprising: a power transmission means having a one-way clutch, wherein the rotation of the driving roller is transmitted to the driven roller by means of which the driven roller is rotated at low speed. The roll crusher according to claim 1, wherein the means is a small capacity auxiliary motor, and the driven roller is pre-rotated by the auxiliary motor. The rotational speed of the driven roller by the small capacity auxiliary motor is slower than the rotation of the driving roller, and the one-way clutch is provided to transmit only the rotation in the direction in which the crushed object is rolled to the driven roller. Roll crusher characterized by.