JPH0433497B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a roll crusher for crushing rocks, ores, etc.

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a roll crusher includes a pair of rolls facing each other. An object to be crushed, such as a rock, is supplied to a space (a crushing chamber) formed between the pair of rolls, and is crushed while being rolled up by these rolls.

By the way, regarding the conventional roll crusher,
Drive each of the above pair of rolls independently, or
Alternatively, a roll driving method has been adopted in which one roll is directly driven while the other roll is indirectly driven via a gear mechanism or the like. If each roll is driven independently, multiple power sources are required, which increases cost. If one roll is driven directly and the other roll is driven indirectly, a complicated power transmission mechanism is required, which also increases costs. In particular, since a roll crusher requires a considerably large amount of power to crush the material to be crushed, a relatively large-scale power transmission mechanism is required, which further increases costs.

In addition, when one roll is a driving roll and the other roll is a driven rotating roll, such as the roll crusher in the study stage described below, the driven rotating roll and the object to be crushed rub against each other at the beginning of crushing. As a result, it is unavoidable that the roll wears unevenly in a truncated circular cross section. Further, in this roll crusher, since the driven rotary roll is initially stopped, if the material to be crushed contains coarse particles, a situation arises in which the coarse particles cannot be crushed. In other words, it is conceivable that the so-called nip angle (maximum crushable angle between rolls) becomes smaller.

Problems to be Solved by the Present Invention In view of the above-mentioned points, the present invention is capable of crushing materials to be crushed at low cost and without any trouble, and also prevents uneven wear of the driven rotating roll and prevents coarse crushed materials. The problem to be solved is to provide a roll crusher capable of achieving particle crushing.

Means for Solving the Problems and Their Effects Means for solving the above problems, that is, the present invention has a pair of rolls facing each other,
This is a roll crusher that crushes the material to be crushed while being rolled up by these rolls, in which one of the pair of rolls, a driving roll, is driven and rotated, and the other roll, a driven rotating roll, rotates freely. However, at least during crushing, in a roll crusher for crushing rocks, ores, etc., which rotates with drive rolls through the crushed material caught between these rolls, when there is no load before crushing is performed. The roll crusher is characterized in that it is provided with means for rotating the driven rotary roll in advance.

The present invention will be described below, taking into account the progress of the study.

In view of the conventional problems mentioned above, the present inventors
First, we conducted a study to provide a roll crusher that was low in cost and could crush materials to be crushed without any trouble, and found that it has a pair of rolls facing each other and crushes materials while being rolled up by these rolls. It has been found that the above problems can be solved by driving one of the pair of rolls and rotatably supporting the other at least while crushing is being performed.

In other words, even if one roll is simply rotatable and not driven to rotate, if the material to be crushed is supplied between both rolls, the rotation of one drive roll will be affected. The crushed material is transmitted to the driven rotation roll, and the driven rotation roll rotates. As a result, the object to be crushed is crushed while being rolled up by the above-mentioned rolls that rotate in opposite directions. This means that when driving both rolls independently,
Alternatively, it is the same as a conventional roll crusher in which one roll is indirectly driven via a power transmission mechanism. The cost can be reduced compared to conventional roll crushers because only one roll is rotatably supported and no rotational drive means is required to rotate the roll with a large amount of power.

First, the roll crusher of this study staircase will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

In the roll crusher shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, objects to be crushed, such as rocks, are fed through a supply port 5 into a crushing chamber 6 (area shown by chain lines), which is a space formed between a pair of rolls 2 and 3. supplied to The roll 2 on the left side of the figure has a bearing BE as shown in FIG.
1 to the frame 1, and is connected via a clutch 9 to a drive source, for example, the output shaft of a motor 10. The motor 10 rotates the roll 2 in a clockwise direction in FIG. The roll 3 on the right side of the figure is supported by a bearing EB2 and is rotatable (can freely rotate).

During the crushing work, first roll 2 is moved to mota 1.
0 in the clockwise direction in FIG. Then, the other roll 3 begins to rotate counterclockwise in FIG. 1 via the object to be crushed in the crushing chamber 6, and as a result, the object to be crushed is rotated by both rolls 2 and 3 rotating in opposite directions. It is crushed while being caught up in the process. Since the driven rotating roll 3 also follows the driving roll 2 and rotates at substantially the same speed, crushing is reliably carried out without any hindrance. In this case, since only one driving source is required for the rolls 2 and 3, the structure of the entire roll crusher is simplified and the cost is accordingly reduced.

By the way, the present applicant has previously proposed a crushing method that utilizes the interference crushing effect (Japanese Patent Application No. 62-8140).
issue). According to this crushing method, the gap (crushing gap) between the rolls 2 and 3 is set to be relatively wide, 0.6 to 1.8 times the particle size through which 80% of the material to be crushed passes, and the crushing chamber 6 for the material to be crushed The amount of material to be crushed is limited so that the amount of material passing through the crusher is 0.5 to 0.8 times the theoretical passing capacity of the crusher (roll width x roll circumferential speed x passing amount of about 1/3 of the roll gap). be done.

According to this method, the particles of the material to be crushed are mutually compressed in the crushing chamber 6, and the crushing capacity for fine-grained products is improved compared to the case where crushing is simply performed by direct compression from the rolls 2 and 3. improved dramatically,
Furthermore, the shape of the crushed product particles can be made into a good shape (cubic shape with rounded corners).

As in the roll crusher of this study staircase, one roll 2 is the driving roll and the other roll 3
Assuming that the rolls rotate freely, at the beginning of the rotation of the rolls, due to the difference in the rotational speed of both rolls 2 and 3, a compressive force and a shear force (direction perpendicular to the compressive force) are applied to the material to be crushed. It is conceivable that the force of However, when the above-mentioned crushing method using the interference crushing effect is applied to the roll crusher of this study step, the generation of powder is practically acceptable, as is clear from the graph shown in Figure 3, which is the experimental result. .

In addition, in this staged roll crusher in which one roll is a driving roll and the other roll is a driven rotating roll, at the beginning of crushing, the driven rotating roll and the material to be crushed rub against each other, and as a result, the roll A situation where uneven wear occurs in the form of a missing circle in cross section is conceivable. However, when the above-described crushing method using the interference crushing effect is applied to the roll crusher of the stairs under consideration, the driven rotary roll 3 easily starts rotating, so that the uneven wear described above can be avoided.

Whether using the above-mentioned crushing method using the interference crushing effect or a conventional crushing method, the roll crusher must be able to adjust the particle size of the crushed product or compensate for roll wear. In order to maintain a constant width (set) of the roll gap, etc., it is recommended that the mounting positions of these rolls be made relatively movable so that both rolls A can move closer or further away from each other. desirable. Therefore in this consideration the role of the staircase. A bearing EB2 supporting the driven rotating roll 3 is movably mounted within the frame 1 as indicated by an arrow AA'. In this case, since the roll 3 is a freely rotating roll and is not equipped with a motor or other driving means, the bearing BE2 and therefore the position of the roll 3 can be easily moved. In other words, the roll gap can be easily adjusted.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 7 is a fixed gate, and reference numeral 8 is a slide gate. The slide gate 8 approaches the fixed gate 7 like BB',
Or it can move in the direction of moving away. By moving this slide gate 8, the amount of material to be crushed supplied from the supply port 5 can be adjusted.

By the way, as mentioned above, in the roll crusher of this study step, even if one roll is simply rotatable and not driven to rotate, if the material to be crushed is supplied between both rolls. , the rotation of one of the driving rolls is transmitted to the driven rotating roll through the material to be crushed, and the driven rotating roll rotates, and as a result, just by supporting one of the rolls so that they can rotate, that roll can be rotated with a large power. This has the advantage of being cheaper than conventional roll crushers since no rotational drive means is required, but on the other hand, at the beginning of crushing, the driven rotating rolls and the material to be crushed rub against each other, resulting in The roll may wear unevenly with a truncated cross section, and since the driven rotating roll is initially stopped, if the material to be crushed contains coarse particles, the There are inherent problems such as a situation in which crushing cannot be performed, that is, the so-called nip angle (maximum crushable angle between rolls) may become small.

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the inventors of the present invention conducted further intensive studies and arrived at the present invention which solves these problems.

Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the same members as those of the roll crusher shown in FIG. 2 are given the same reference numerals, and the explanation thereof will be omitted. In this embodiment, the driving roll 2 and the driven rotating roll 3 are interchanged left and right compared to the roll crusher shown in FIG. roll 2
is rotationally driven by a motor 10.

The driven rotating roll 3 is connected to the driving roll 2 via a gear train 20, and the rotation of the driving roll 2 is transmitted to the driven rotating roll 3 by this gear train 20. The gear train 20 includes four gears 21, 22, 23, 24 that mesh with each other, as shown in FIG. 5, for example.
Furthermore, a one-way clutch 25 is provided between the final gear 24 and the rotating shaft 3a of the driven rotating roll 3.
is provided. This gear train 20 reduces the rotation of the drive roll 2 by 5 to 10% and reduces the rotation of the driven rotation roll 3.
The gear ratio is set to transmit the Further, the one-way clutch 25 is configured to transmit clockwise rotation (FIG. 5) of the final gear 24 to the roll shaft 3a, but not to transmit rotation in the opposite direction.

When carrying out crushing work, first turn on motor 1.
0 causes the drive roll to rotate counterclockwise in FIG. At this time, the driven rotating roll 3 is rotated clockwise at a speed 5 to 10% lower by the action of the gear train 20. When the material to be crushed is supplied between the rolls 2 and 3 in this state, the material is wound up between the rolls 2 and 3 which have already started rotating. When the material to be crushed is caught between both rolls,
Due to the presence of the crushed material, the rotational speed of the driven rotating roll 3 becomes almost the same as the rotational speed of the driving roll 2, and after that, due to the action of the one-way clutch 25,
The driven rotation roll 3 is not restricted by the rotation of the final gear 24 and therefore by the rotation of the drive roll 2, and rotates freely. At this time, each gear of the gear train 20 is
This results in a so-called idle state.

As described above, in this embodiment, the driven rotary roll 3 is rotated in advance when no load is applied, and the material to be crushed is supplied between the rolls in this state. Therefore, at the beginning of crushing, the drive roll 2
Not only that, but also for the driven rotating roll 3, the objects to be crushed and the rolls do not rub against each other, and as a result, the uneven wear of the driven rotating roll 3 described above is prevented.

Furthermore, in the roll crusher shown in FIG. 2, the driven rotary roll 3 is initially stopped, so if the material to be crushed contains coarse particles, it is conceivable that the coarse particles cannot be crushed. In other words, it is conceivable that the so-called nip angle (maximum crushable angle between rolls) becomes smaller. On the other hand, according to this embodiment in which the driven rotary roll 3 is rotated at a low speed in advance, such coarse particles can also be crushed by forcible entrainment.

The purpose of the gear train 20 in this embodiment is simply to transmit rotation without load, and the gear train 20 simply rotates idly during the crushing process. Therefore, since it is not necessary to transmit a very large torque, a very large strength is not required. Therefore, there will not be such a large cost increase.

As mentioned above, it is desirable that at least one of the rolls 2 and 3 be movable in order to adjust the inter-roll set. In this case, in FIG. 5, the positions of the intermediate gears 22 and 23 may be changed by swinging them as indicated by the arrow EE' around the roll shaft 2a.

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, an auxiliary motor 30 is attached to the driven rotating roll 3 of the roll crusher shown in FIG. The auxiliary motor 30 can be turned on and off at appropriate times by a control device (not shown), and when the auxiliary motor 30 is turned off, the driven rotating roll 3 idles. Instead of the auxiliary motor 30, a normal motor can be connected to the driven rotating roll 3 via a clutch, and the driven rotating roll 3 can be rotated and stopped (idling) by turning on and off the clutch. The rotation speed of the driven rotation roll 3 by the auxiliary motor 30 can be the same as the rotation speed of the drive roll 2 by the motor 10. There is no particular problem even if the two speeds are different.

When rolls 2 and 3 are under no load, the auxiliary motor 30
is turned on and the driven rotating roll 3 rotates. At this time, the drive roll 2 is rotationally driven by the motor 10. In this state, the material to be crushed is fed between both rolls 2 and 3, and crushing is started. Once crushing begins, the auxiliary motor 30 is turned off, and from then on, the driven rotary roll 3 becomes freely rotatable and rotates following the drive roll 2 through the object to be crushed. The subsequent crushing work continues in this state.

In this embodiment as well, the driven rotary roll 3 is not particularly driven to rotate while the crushing operation is being performed, and therefore a large power drive source for this purpose is not required. In addition, the auxiliary motor 30 is used to rotate the driven rotary roll 3 in advance when there is no load, but since a large torque is not required for rotation at this time, the auxiliary motor 30 is an extremely inexpensive one. It can be used without much increase in cost. In this way, costs can be reduced compared to driving both rolls separately.

On the other hand, since the driven rotary roll 3 is rotated in advance during no-load conditions, uneven wear of the driven rotary roll 3 can be prevented and coarse crushed particles can be crushed (nip angle ) is achieved.

Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, one of the driven rotating rolls of a pair of rolls is supported in a freely rotatable state at least while the crushing operation is being performed. , there is no need for a special drive source that drives the rolls with high power for crushing. Therefore, the roll crusher can be manufactured and operated at low cost. In this case, the driven rotating roll rotates following the other driving roll through the object to be crushed, so that there is no problem in the entrainment of the object by both rolls, and the crushing is performed reliably. be able to.

Moreover, when there is no load before crushing,
Since the driven rotating roll is rotated in advance and the material to be crushed is fed between the rolls in that state, at the beginning of crushing, the material to be crushed and the rolls are not mutually connected to each other not only with respect to the driving roll but also with respect to the driven rotating roll. This prevents friction from occurring, and as a result, uneven wear of the driven rotating roll can be prevented.

In addition, if the driven rotating roll is initially stopped and the material to be crushed contains coarse particles, the coarse particles cannot be crushed;
In other words, it is conceivable that the so-called nip angle (maximum nip angle between rolls that can be crushed) becomes smaller, but according to the present invention in which the driven rotating roll is rotated in advance, even such coarse particles can be forcibly engulfed. It can be crushed with

Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to crush the material to be crushed without any trouble, and also to provide a roll crusher which can prevent uneven wear of the driven rotating roll and crush coarse crushed material particles, which is advantageous in terms of cost. can be provided.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing an example of a roll crusher for the stairs under consideration, FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view of the roll crusher, FIG. 3 is a graph showing experimental results of crushing using different crushing methods, and FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of crushing experiments using different crushing methods. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an example of a power transmission means in this embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a sectional plan view of another embodiment. 2,3...roll, 20...gear train, 25...
One-way clutch, 30...auxiliary motor.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A roll crusher having a pair of rolls facing each other and crushing a material to be crushed while being rolled up by these rolls, the drive roll being one of the pair of rolls. is driven and rotated, and the other roll, the driven rotation roll, rotates freely, and at least during crushing, rocks, ores, etc. rotate together with the drive roll through the material to be crushed that is caught between these rolls. 1. A roll crusher for crushing materials, characterized in that the roll crusher is provided with means for rotating the driven rotary roll in advance during a no-load state before crushing. 2. By providing a power transmission means between the drive roll and the driven rotation roll, and transmitting the rotation of the drive roll to the driven rotation roll via the power transmission means,
The roll crusher according to claim 1, wherein the driven rotating roll is rotated in advance. 3. The power transmission means is provided between a gear train that decelerates the rotation of the drive roll and transmits it to the driven rotary roll, and the gear train and the driven rotary roll, so that the power transmission means only rotates in a direction that involves the material to be crushed. 3. A roll crusher according to claim 2, further comprising a one-way clutch for transmitting power to said driven rotating roll. 4. The roll crusher according to claim 1, wherein the driven rotating roll is rotated in advance by a small-capacity auxiliary motor.