KR910003960B1 - 이온 교환막의 제조방법 - Google Patents
이온 교환막의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR910003960B1 KR910003960B1 KR1019830000637A KR830000637A KR910003960B1 KR 910003960 B1 KR910003960 B1 KR 910003960B1 KR 1019830000637 A KR1019830000637 A KR 1019830000637A KR 830000637 A KR830000637 A KR 830000637A KR 910003960 B1 KR910003960 B1 KR 910003960B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- stretched
- ion
- group
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 197
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)F RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001315609 Pittosporum crassifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000248459 Stentor Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001902 chlorine oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004492 methyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005548 perfluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AYKOTYRPPUMHMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ag] AYKOTYRPPUMHMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2287—After-treatment
- C08J5/2293—After-treatment of fluorine-containing membranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2371/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2371/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
- C08J2371/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
- C08J2371/12—Polyphenylene oxides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8204575 | 1982-02-17 | ||
| GB82-004575 | 1982-02-17 | ||
| GB8204575 | 1982-02-17 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR840003704A KR840003704A (ko) | 1984-09-15 |
| KR910003960B1 true KR910003960B1 (ko) | 1991-06-17 |
Family
ID=10528386
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019830000637A Expired KR910003960B1 (ko) | 1982-02-17 | 1983-02-17 | 이온 교환막의 제조방법 |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4873046A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0086596A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS58154731A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR910003960B1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU555720B2 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR8300766A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1223408A (enExample) |
| DD (1) | DD206610A5 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB8302640D0 (enExample) |
| ZA (1) | ZA83886B (enExample) |
| ZW (1) | ZW4083A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58201823A (ja) * | 1982-05-18 | 1983-11-24 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | イオン交換膜の製造方法 |
| GB9913553D0 (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 1999-08-11 | Nat Power Plc | Production of stretched ion exchange membranes |
| GB9724022D0 (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 1998-01-14 | Nat Power Plc | Production of stretched ion exchange membranes |
| JP2001035510A (ja) * | 1999-07-21 | 2001-02-09 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
| DE102010055143B4 (de) * | 2010-12-18 | 2022-12-01 | Umicore Galvanotechnik Gmbh | Direktkontakt-Membrananode für die Verwendung in Elektrolysezellen |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE758820A (fr) * | 1969-11-13 | 1971-05-12 | Celanese Corp | Procede de production de pellicules microporeuses a cellules ouvertes |
| US3801404A (en) * | 1970-10-28 | 1974-04-02 | Celanese Corp | Novel open-celled microporous film |
| US4000057A (en) * | 1974-11-21 | 1976-12-28 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation | Electrolytic cell membrane conditioning |
| US4124477A (en) * | 1975-05-05 | 1978-11-07 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. | Electrolytic cell utilizing pretreated semi-permeable membranes |
| US4257997A (en) * | 1979-06-01 | 1981-03-24 | Celanese Corporation | Solvent stretch process for preparing a microporous film |
| GB8331860D0 (en) * | 1983-11-29 | 1984-01-04 | Ici Plc | Exchange membrane |
-
1983
- 1983-01-31 GB GB838302640A patent/GB8302640D0/en active Pending
- 1983-02-02 EP EP83300527A patent/EP0086596A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-02-07 ZW ZW40/83A patent/ZW4083A1/xx unknown
- 1983-02-09 ZA ZA83886A patent/ZA83886B/xx unknown
- 1983-02-11 AU AU11349/83A patent/AU555720B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-02-16 JP JP58022983A patent/JPS58154731A/ja active Granted
- 1983-02-17 CA CA000421823A patent/CA1223408A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-17 BR BR8300766A patent/BR8300766A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-02-17 DD DD83248030A patent/DD206610A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-02-17 KR KR1019830000637A patent/KR910003960B1/ko not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-08-17 US US07/085,786 patent/US4873046A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU1134983A (en) | 1983-08-25 |
| AU555720B2 (en) | 1986-10-09 |
| CA1223408A (en) | 1987-06-30 |
| KR840003704A (ko) | 1984-09-15 |
| ZA83886B (en) | 1983-11-30 |
| DD206610A5 (de) | 1984-02-01 |
| EP0086596A1 (en) | 1983-08-24 |
| JPS58154731A (ja) | 1983-09-14 |
| ZW4083A1 (en) | 1984-09-05 |
| GB8302640D0 (en) | 1983-03-02 |
| JPS6241609B2 (enExample) | 1987-09-03 |
| BR8300766A (pt) | 1983-11-16 |
| US4873046A (en) | 1989-10-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4000057A (en) | Electrolytic cell membrane conditioning | |
| US4124477A (en) | Electrolytic cell utilizing pretreated semi-permeable membranes | |
| EP0066127B1 (en) | Ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell | |
| KR910003960B1 (ko) | 이온 교환막의 제조방법 | |
| JP2753731B2 (ja) | フッ素系イオン交換膜の調整方法 | |
| CA1203508A (en) | Installation of ion exchange membrane in electrolytic cell | |
| US4617163A (en) | Production of ion-exchange membrane | |
| EP0143606B1 (en) | Production of ion-exchange membrane | |
| KR890001408B1 (ko) | 전해조에 이온 교환막을 설치하는 방법 | |
| US5512143A (en) | Electrolysis method using polymer additive for membrane cell operation where the polymer additive is ionomeric and added to the catholyte | |
| US4432857A (en) | Cladding cathodes of electrolytic cell with diaphragm or membrane | |
| US4285795A (en) | Electrolysis apparatus | |
| JP2000001794A (ja) | 食塩水の電解方法 | |
| JP3226306B2 (ja) | 水酸化アルカリの製造方法 | |
| US4428813A (en) | Cladding cathodes of electrolytic cell with diaphragm or membrane | |
| US4273630A (en) | Process for the start-up of membrane cells for the electrolysis of aqueous salt solutions | |
| JPS62124130A (ja) | 塩化アルカリ電解用含フツ素イオン交換膜の性能回復法 | |
| GB2062008A (en) | Electrolytic Cell and Electrolytic Process of an Aqueous Alkali Metal Halide Solution | |
| JPS6211073B2 (enExample) | ||
| JPS6013436B2 (ja) | イオン交換膜の装着方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PA0109 | Patent application |
Patent event code: PA01091R01D Comment text: Patent Application Patent event date: 19830217 |
|
| PG1501 | Laying open of application | ||
| G160 | Decision to publish patent application | ||
| PG1605 | Publication of application before grant of patent |
Comment text: Decision on Publication of Application Patent event code: PG16051S01I Patent event date: 19910522 |
|
| E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
| PE0701 | Decision of registration |
Patent event code: PE07011S01D Comment text: Decision to Grant Registration Patent event date: 19910916 |
|
| NORF | Unpaid initial registration fee | ||
| PC1904 | Unpaid initial registration fee |