KR890004626B1 - Composition of soil for the use of hydroponics - Google Patents

Abstract

For the composition of soil to accelerate the growth of the crops, vermiculite, zeolite, peatmoss and soils are mixed with granulated rock wool containing 35-50% of SiO2, 15-20% of Al2O3, 1.0-5% of Fe2O3, 20-28% of CaO, 3-7% of MgO, 1-3% of K2O and 1-2% of Na2O. The mixture ratio of rock wool, peatmoss and soils is 1:1:2 and the granulated rock wool is 2-5mm in diameter and better keeps water with solutions of fertilizers in pores.

Description

Topographical Composition of Nutrient-cultivated Crops Using Mineral Fibers

1 is an explanatory diagram showing the water content of the dark lead used in the present invention.

Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating the change in PH according to the elapsed days of the general rock used in the present invention.

The present invention relates to a top soil composition of nutrient cultivation crops using mineral fibers that can promote the growth of nutrient cultivation crops by mixing granulated rock wool and additive mixtures such as clay minerals.

The conventional practice of growing crops in pure soil is the lack of oxygen supply to the roots, the ability of plants to adapt to soil due to temperature and sunlight changes, and the soil used as soil is mainly kaolin. There are problems such as nutrient deficiency and high pollution due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and herbicides. Also, fertilizers, herbicides, disinfectants, etc. also acidify soil characteristics, which reduces crop yield. As a result, it became an obstacle to the series.

Therefore, in order to solve such a problem, according to Korean Patent Publication No. 84-2258 (Method for Producing Crop Seedling Soil) and Publication No. 84-2994 (Method for Producing Crop Seedling Soil) The manufacturing method has been proposed, which is to use the clay mixed with clay minerals such as vermiculite, geolite, bentonite, diatomaceous earth as the main raw material which has a large capacity for storing water and nutrients and supplying inorganic nutrients.

However, in order to manufacture such soils, in order to remove impurities such as adhering substances, it must be fired within the range that the crystal structure of each component is not destroyed, and in order to make it porous and enlarge the voids. There is a need for chemical mixing.

An object of the present invention is to provide a top soil of nutrient cultivation crops that can maintain the desired crop growth conditions such as improving the porosity and water retention by adding a material that does not contain any impurities such as adhesion substances, etc. The object of the present invention can be achieved by adding mineral fibers such as rock wool granulated to the clay mineral as described above.

The mineral fiber used in the present invention is that rock wool is a representative of such rock wool is an inorganic fiber made of natural ore as a raw material melted at a high temperature of 1600 ℃ or more, so that there is almost no contamination of pathogens by impurities as well as deterioration. It is not there. Such rock wool is designed to be very conservative, specific, and breathable to maximize the storage and supply capacity of water and nutrients required for the growth of crops.

In fact, after 24 hours of saturating water on such felt rock wool, the water content of rock wool was measured, and as shown in FIG. As can be seen from Figure 1 it can be seen that the water content of the rock wool is very high, so that the ability to supply sufficient moisture to the crops.

If such rock wool is mixed with the existing top soil, the water and nutrients put into the top soil will be retained for a certain period of time using the water content of the rock wool as described above, so that it can continue to supply the nutrients necessary for root growth or for construction purposes. Common rock wool is that there are two problems in mixing with the topsoil, such as clay minerals.

The first is that it is not easy to mix rock wool, which is made in felt or loose wool, with clay minerals. Second, the general rock wool used for construction is supplied because the compounding resin is hydrophobic. The absorption of the nutrient solution is weak, it is difficult to supply the nutrient solution required for the growth of the crop is not suitable as a blend of soil.

Therefore, in the present invention, the mineral fiber is treated with a hydrophilic resin and granulated to a diameter of 2-5 mm to maximize the absorption and supply capacity of the nutrient solution, and to facilitate the mixing with the topsoil. As a result, the surface area of the rock wool was increased by using the granulated rock wool. As a result, the water holding power of the granulated rock wool used in the present invention was measured. It was confirmed that this was greatly improved.

TABLE 1

In addition, in the cultivation of crops, the pH of the soil is closely related to the growth rate of the crops, and in order to increase the growth rate of the crops, the pH 4.5 to PH7.5 is suitable to increase the yield. In the pH is adjusted by the appropriate dose of nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ), kali (K ₂ O).

However, the method of relying on nitric acid and phosphate in adjusting the pH of the known soil is low in conservative water itself, and as a result, the reduction of the original soil to PH becomes faster due to the continuous water supply, which causes a rise in PH.

Therefore, the cumbersome problem of frequently adding nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and kali to cause the PH to maintain an appropriate level is caused, but in the present invention, in view of such a problem, the granulated rock wool with excellent water repellency as described above is used. Moisture and nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and kali to be retained for a long time to suppress the rise of PH of mixed rock wool, and to significantly reduce the number of PH control to inject nitrogen, phosphoric acid, kali, etc. In addition, in the present invention, PH adjustment work It is also possible to change the composition of selectively granulated rock wool in order to further reduce the number of times and thus significantly reduce the consumption of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and kali.

Table 2 shows the compositional table of rock wool, general rock wool, and slag wool with this changed composition.

TABLE 2

As can be seen in Table 2 above, the general rock wool and the rock wool (hereinafter referred to as ancestor rock wool) and srag wool prepared in the present invention show a difference in the composition ratio, and in particular, there is a big difference in the alkali component ratio including CaO. Because of this, there is a difference in the maintenance function of the appropriate pH when actually applied to crop cultivation. In order to confirm this, the rock wool (I), (II) and slag wool shown in Table 2 were placed in distilled water at 10 ° C., and the pH was changed according to the elapsed days. As a result, as shown in FIG. As the elapsed days increased, the elution amount of alkali component increased, so that the pH generally increased, but in the case of composition rock wool (II) containing less alkali component such as CaO, the variation was small and suitable for growing crops. You can see that it is maintained.

In this way, the composition rock surface is made to reduce the alkali component including CaO. In particular, the other alkali component except CaO is very small in the whole rock surface, which is difficult to control and hard to obtain special effects. It will be able to accelerate crop growth. In fact, germinated white stalk cucumber seeds in a plastic house under the condition that granular rock wool, general rock wool, and slag wool are reduced to the same size by reducing the CaO content to the same size, and then grown in a rock house port for 20 days and then rock wool After 24 days of formal cultivation in the bed was obtained.

Comparative Example 1

Cucumber growth survey comparison table by rock type

In addition, after the seedlings of the red-grown cotton lettuce seedlings in the plastic house for 32 days, and cultivated for 36 days, the results are as in Comparative Example 2.

Comparative Example 2

Comparison of Lettuce Growth by Rockwool Types

As can be seen from the results of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, it was found that the results of the growth of the laminar vegetation using the composition rock wool with reduced CaO components were significantly faster in the growth rate than those using the normal rock wool or slag wool. I could tell the truth. General rock or composition rock surface as described above is crushed to an appropriate particle size and mixed with clay minerals such as vermiculite, geolite, pearlite and peat moss to prepare the top soil. In addition, it is possible to increase the absorption, water retention, and breathability of the whole soil by granular rock wool having a uniform composition distribution and granular rock wool having a large surface area. It is possible to avoid the need to perform the firing treatment process, and when using the granulated rock wool composition, the pH of the whole soil can be maintained at an appropriate level so that the growth of crops can be further promoted.

And at this time, clay minerals such as vermiculite, geolite, pearlite, etc. help to increase the water holding capacity of the rock wool, pit moss having the effect of fermentation corrosion is used as a source of organic nutrients, as well as the top soil according to the present invention crops The results of the application to the cultivation will be explained according to the examples described below.

Example 1

In the present example, in order to obtain the ideal growth results in the growth of Chinese cabbage, the composition rock wool was used, and it was crushed to a particle size of 2-5 mm and mixed with peat moss and general soil, but cultivated for the same period in a plastic house with different mixing ratios. Growing under conditions, the following results were obtained.

As shown in the above experimental results, the total weight of the result of the combination of composition rock wool, peat moss and general soil was increased up to 5.1 times compared with the result of growing cabbage with only peat moss and general soil. The reason why the growth results used are so incomparable with those of peat moss or general soil is that the absorption, water retention, and breathability of the whole soil are greatly improved, so that organic nutrients by the peat moss necessary for the growth of cabbage are continuously supplied. It is also because the rate of reduction to the original PH of the topsoil is very slow due to the rock formation in the continuous water supply, and the pH required for plant growth is maintained to provide an ideal condition for promoting the growth of Chinese cabbage. In addition, it can be seen that the results obtained by mixing with the composition rock wool peatmoss general soil 1: 1: 2 improved 2.32-2.68 times in the body weight than the growth result by other compounding ratios.

Example 2

Plants in test tubes produced by recently developed tissue culture and genetic engineering techniques must be fully grown in the process of adaptation (hereinafter called curing) before they reach the soil. It has a significant effect on the growth results of nutrients, especially nutritionally produced crops such as potatoes, garlic, and strawberries, which are produced in large quantities by tissue culture, have not been able to grow enough during the hardening process and lose their adaptability to the soil.

In this embodiment, the top soil used as a medium in the curing process is composed of rock wool, pit moss, vermiculite, geolite, and the like to grow potatoes, and as a result, the growth is enough to adapt to the future soil. The results of experiments grown under the same conditions in the same time period in a plastic house to observe whether or not enough has been achieved and to compare the results with the hardening results of conventional soils made of pulverized and disinfected soil are as follows.

Growth Result of Plants after Potato Tissue Culture According to the Composition of Santo

As can be seen from the above experimental results, the use of soils containing rock wool, peat moss, vermiculite, and geolites in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1 was 85% higher than that in the case of using conventional soil. 57% increase in the underground area was obtained, and this result was due to the significant improvement in physicochemical properties according to the composition of the medium. Particularly, as in the result analysis of Example 1, the growth of roots became more active due to the large increase in porosity. It is possible to supply sufficient inorganic nutrients and moisture, and because it provides the desirable conditions for growth by maintaining the appropriate pH.

Therefore, the topsoil composition according to the present invention can be used as an excellent medium for greatly improving the adaptability of crops in the curing process.

Example 3

In this embodiment, the Chinese cabbage is grown by a common method using common soil in the same period and under the same cultivation conditions, while the Chinese cabbage is grown using rock wool, vermiculite, and geolite as seedling soil. The result was as follows.

Chinese cabbage growth results according to the top soil composition

As can be seen from the above growth results, when the rock wool and vermiculite geolite were mixed in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, the cultivation results were 29% higher than those of normal soils, and 29% It can be seen that an increase of 11% and these results were able to supply enough moisture and nutrients as in Example 1 and Example 2, according to maintaining the appropriate level of PH.

Example 4

In this embodiment, the Chinese cabbage is grown by remission method using ordinary soil at the same time and same cultivation conditions in a plastic house, while the Chinese cabbage is grown using crushed, vermiculite, peat moss and soil as seedling soil. I tried to grow differently as a result is as follows.

Results of Cabbage Growth

As can be seen from the above growth results, when the rock wool, peat moss, vermiculite and soil were mixed at 2: 0: 1: 1, the cultivation result was 71% of the total weight of sugar per plant compared to the cultivation result using normal soil. In addition, salting was increased by 43% and salting was increased by 27%. As in Examples 1 to 3, water and nutrients can be sufficiently supplied, and the result is that PH can be properly maintained.

In this way, in the present invention, the slag wool or rock wool, which has been used for industrial or construction purposes in general, by using thermal insulation sound absorption performance, is treated with a hydrophilic resin and granulated to 2-5 mm in diameter to increase the porosity of 97.2% or more. It is mixed with clay minerals and peat moss such as vermiculite and geolite and mixed with soil to make topsoil, making it easy to manufacture and maximizing the absorption, supply and breathability of nutrient solution required for crop growth. Improves productivity by reducing the amount of CaO, which is an alkaline component of rock wool, and reduces the rate of reduction to PH of the original soil, despite the continuous supply of water, thus maintaining a suitable pH for crop growth. To maintain optimum growth conditions There is a dramatic advantage of being able to promote the.

Claims (7)

A top soil composition of a nutrient cultivation crop using mineral fibers in the topsoil of nutrient cultivation crops consisting of vermiculite, geolite, pearlite, peat moss, and soil. The topsoil composition of the nutrient-producing crop according to claim 1, wherein the mineral fiber is granulated rock wool having a diameter of 2-5 mm. According to claim 1, wherein the rock wool composition is SiO ₂ 35-50%, Al ₂ O ₃ 15-20%, Fe ₂ O ₃ 1.0-5%, CaO 20-28%, MgO 3-7%, K ₂ Top soil composition of nutrient-cultivated crops using mineral fiber, characterized in that consisting of O 1-3%, Na ₂ O 1-2%. The top soil composition according to claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of rock wool, peat moss, and soil is 1: 1: 2. The top soil composition according to claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of rock wool, peat moss, vermiculite, and geolite is 1: 1: 1: 1. The top soil composition according to claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of rock wool, vermiculite and geolite is 2: 1: 1. The top soil composition of claim 1, wherein the blending ratio of rock wool, vermiculite, and soil is 2: 1: 1.

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