KR880000638B1 - Method & apparatus for supervising charges blast furance using electromagnetic waves - Google Patents

Abstract

The appts. for supervising the burden comprises at least one detection unit which comprises an electromagnetic wave transmitting unit (waveguide) and a receiving unit (waveguide) for analysing the reflected electromagnetic wave so as to distinguish ore and coke based on the reflection or scattering by the ore and the transmission through the coke. The transmitter and receiver are preferably each at one end of separate waveguides outside the furnace, each waveguide being located in a cooling device and an inert gas being blown through each waveguide into the furnace.

Description

Method and apparatus for checking the contents of blast furnace

1 is a general view of the blast furnace.

2 is a cross-sectional view of a form of the detection apparatus according to the present invention from the top of the blast furnace;

3 is a graph of data obtained by the detection apparatus of FIG.

4 is a graph of data obtained by the detection apparatus of FIG. 2 when the charges do not fall smoothly.

5a is a schematic cross-sectional view of two different forms of a detection device with a conventional transmitter in accordance with the present invention from the side of a blast furnace;

5B is a schematic front view of the detection device of FIG. 5A.

6A is a graph of an embodiment of a detection signal.

6b is a graph of binary digital signals for an ore or coke layer.

7 is a rear view of another embodiment of the detection apparatus according to the present invention from the top of the blast furnace.

8 is a graph of data obtained by the detection apparatus of FIG.

9 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an inspection system according to the invention. FIG. 10 is a graph of data obtained with the inspection system of FIG.

12A, 12B and 12C are graphs of the measured data.

13A is a sectional view of another embodiment of the detection apparatus according to the present invention seen from the side of a blast furnace;

13B is a front view of the detection device of FIG. 13A.

14 is a perspective view of a waveguide at the dog end used to describe the distribution of magnetic and electric fields.

15 is a partial perspective view of a waveguide of the preferred type adopted in accordance with the present invention.

16 is a partial perspective view of another preferred form of waveguide adopted in accordance with the present invention.

17A is a partial perspective view of another form of detection device according to the present invention.

FIG. 17B is a plan view of the detector of FIG. 17A. FIG.

Figure 18a is a cross-sectional view of another type of detection apparatus according to the present invention from the side of the blast furnace.

18B is a front view of the detection device of FIG. 18A.

FIG. 19 shows an embodiment of the transmission and reception circuit of FIG. 18A. FIG.

20 is another general view of the blast furnace.

21A, 21B, and 21C are diagrams of signal charts used for explaining the circuit operation of FIG.

22 is a graph of data obtained using the detection apparatus shown in FIGS. 18A, 18B, 19 and 20. FIG.

FIG. 23 is a schematic flowchart for calculating descending speed, particle size and thickness using signals from the circuit of FIG. 19. FIG.

24A and 24B are graphs of data used to illustrate the flow chart of FIG.

25A, 25B and 25C are graphs of data obtained using the detection apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 26 is a partial sectional view of the blast furnace in which two sets of detection devices having the structure shown in FIG. 27 are mounted.

FIG. 27 is a partial sectional view of the detector of FIG.

28A is a sectional view of another type of detection apparatus according to the present invention seen from the side of a blast furnace;

FIG. 28B is a cross sectional view taken along the line B-B of FIG. 28A;

FIG. 28C is a cross sectional view taken along the line C-C of FIG. 28A;

29A and 29B are graphs of data obtained by the detection apparatus shown in FIGS. 28A to 28C.

FIG. 30A is a graph showing the electromagnetic force detected in dBm and mW when the descent of the coke layer for a long time in a furnace is settled. FIG.

30b is a graph showing the electromagnetic force detected in dBm and mW when the fall of the ore layer stops for a long time in the furnace.

FIG. 30c is a graph showing the electromagnetic force detected in dBm and mW when the mixture of coke and ore descends continuously in a furnace for a long time.

31A, 31B, 31C, 31D, and 31E are graphs of data regarding the falling speed, layer thickness, and particle size of the charges obtained using the detection apparatus of FIGS. 28A to 28C.

32A and 32B are graphs showing the electromagnetic force in dBm and mW of a detection signal obtained using the detection apparatus shown in FIG. 28C.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

8: transmitter 9: receiver

2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 120: detection device

TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to the technique of checking charges, such as an ore and coke, as a technique to apply favorably to the charge located in the high temperature part of a blast furnace. Here, the term "checking" is used, for example, in particular in the distribution of charges, the location of the ore layer, coke layer, mixtures thereof and the aggregated ore layer (hereinafter referred to as the flocculation layer) and the loading, descent rate ore of the agglomeration layer and This means that the coke's particle size, ore, and cohesive layer detect the coke layer and the cohesive layer's thickness. In improving the operation of the blast furnace, that is, it is important to check the charges, especially the charges placed on the vest, bosch, etc. in the hot part. Several techniques have been proposed in the past for these checks, but these techniques were only applicable to charges located at relatively low temperatures, where the furnace temperature was below 400 ° C. For example, U.S. Patent No. 4,122,392 proposes to check a charge by distinguishing ores and coke using different magnetic properties. Another suggestion is that the electrical resistance detects the difference and distinguishes the ore and coke from each other. However, this field has many problems in the prior art.

Magnetic properties cannot be measured above the Curie point, and the electrode for measuring battery resistance is damaged due to high temperature or adhesion of dust. Therefore, it is effective only in the low temperature part in the prior art method. Therefore, it is impossible to check the cohesion area of the cohesive layer at the level of Bosch at a considerable high temperature portion. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for checking the contents of a furnace in which the contents can be stably checked for a long time regardless of whether the contents are in the hot or cold portion. This object is achieved by using the fact that the transmission characteristics of electromagnetic waves in the ore are different from that of coke, and this difference is maintained from the high temperature section of the blast furnace to the low temperature section. As a result, the charges can be approached at any part of the blast furnace by transmission, reflection or diffusion of electromagnetic waves.

The invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a general view of the blast furnace. One form of the detection apparatus 2 according to the present invention is mounted to the blast furnace 1, for example, in its sack BY. In FIG. 1, BEL denotes a bell, TT denotes an old ball, ST denotes an old chest, BH denotes a bosch, and HH denotes a roadbed. Reference numeral 3 denotes a tuyere, and 4 denotes a tuyere.

2 is a cross-sectional view of the detector 2 of FIG. 1 seen from the top of the blast furnace 1. The detection apparatus 2 according to the present invention receives an electromagnetic wave reflected or diffused by the transmission device and the charge BD to radiate the electromagnetic wave to the charge BD in the blast furnace 1. It consists of a receiver. The transmitter has a transmitter 8 outside the blast furnace 1 and the receiver has a receiver 9 in the arc of the blast furnace 1. In the example of FIG. 2, the first waveguide 5-1 is located in cooling means 6-1 to protect against heat. The cooling means 6-1 together with the waveguide 5-1 penetrate the furnace wall 7. The waveguide 5-1 is bent at one end of the cooling means 6-1 side and is provided with a horn type antenna. Cooling water CW flows into the apparatus 6-1. The waveguide 5-1 is provided with a transmitter 8 on the other end thereof, i.e., outside of (1). Further, the waveguide 5-1 is deliberately blown with an inert gas IG such as nitrogen gas N ₂ through the waveguide 5-1 at the inner opening of the furnace to clean the waveguide 5-1. It has an inlet on the outside.

The receiver is configured in the same way as the transmitter. That is, the same horn type antenna located in the cooling means 6-2 of the waveguide 5-2 and connected to the open end of the inner waveguide 5-2 of the furnace 1 has the waveguide 5- in the same horizontal plane. Opposite the horn type antenna of 1). In addition, the waveguide 5-2 has an inlet for cleaning the waveguide with inert gas. Inert gas (IG) not only cleans the waveguide, but also cools the waveguide and is used to prevent ore and coke particles from penetrating into it. Furthermore, the ore and coke particles can be prevented from penetrating into the waveguide and the open end of the lock antenna can be covered with a metal mesh. In this case the mesh size should be sunk so as not to reduce electromagnetic wave transmission.

3 is a data graph obtained by the detection apparatus of FIG. In the graph, the horizontal axis represents time (t) and the vertical axis represents power (Pr) in dBm. In particular, Pr indicates the power of electromagnetic waves received by the receiver. The data is obtained by a distance of 20 cm between the antennas of the transmitting and receiving devices and is an X-band, ie about 10 GHz microwave frequency. The transmitted power is +20 dBm. The received power Pr is almost zero, i.e., -86 dBm (referenced to the bottom of the curve) since the electromagnetic waves are diffused and absorbed as they are directed through the ore layer OL when the antennas are directed to the ore layer. Because the electromagnetic waves can pass through the coke layer (CL) as it faces the coke layer, it is -30 to -50 dBm (referenced to the top of the curve), thus the power (in the case of the ore and coke layers) The difference in Pr) is 30 to 50 dBm. To and Tc are described later.

FIG. 4 is a graph of data obtained by the detection device of FIG. 2 when the charges do not descend smoothly. Curved area (a) shows that the coke layer descends very slowly over the front of the detector for a long time. Curved area (b) shows that the ore layer descends very slowly over the front of the detector for a long time. The front of the detection device of the mixed layer of coke and ore in the curved zone (c) shows a very slow descent for a long time. In this example, the temperature of the barrel BL (FIG. 1) ranges from 1000 ° C to 1200 ° C, in which the magnetic properties of the ore can no longer be maintained. However, the detection device of the present invention can distinguish between ore and coke. Thus, one of the problems of the prior art method can be overcome. The present invention is also useful for managing charges in terms of their descent rate and thickness. For this purpose, a management system may be introduced with another detection device identical to the detection device of FIG. These two detection devices are located at a distance from each other at a predetermined distance along the longitudinal side of the furnace. Data from the 2 detectors is then subjected to time sseries analsis.

In other words, data from the upper and lower detection apparatuses is first stored or recorded in the storage device or the recording device in time sequence. The temporal pattern of the first dataset for the ore layer and the second dataset for the coke layer is then analyzed to obtain the thickness and descent rate of the ore and coke layers, respectively. Two datasets can be obtained by two adjacent detection devices. Alternately, the upper detection and lower detection devices may be combined as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B.

5A is a schematic cross-sectional view of another type of detection apparatus according to the present invention seen from the side of a blast furnace. FIG. 5B is a schematic front view of the detection device of FIG. 5A. The third cooling means, that is, the second, first and third cooling means 6-2, 6-1, and 6-3 are provided on the furnace wall 7 along the longitudinal direction Z from the upper side to the lower side. . The first cooling means 6-1 are horizontally spaced apart by the same distance between the second and third cooling means 6-2 and 6-3 along the X axis perpendicular to the Z axis. Each of the first to third cooling means 6-1 to 6-3 includes the same waveguide and antenna as shown in FIG. The waveguide is coupled to the transmitter 8 or the receivers 9-1 and 9-2. First and second receivers (9-1 and 9-2), the detection signal (S ₁ (t) and S ₂ (t)) detected new (S ₁ (t) and S ₂ (t) from to from to ) Is supplied to the signal processing apparatus 10 as an input signal and processed.

6A is a graph of examples of detection signals S ₁ (t) and S ₂ (t). As shown from FIG. 6A, the curves of S ₁ (t) and S ₂ (t) are similar to each other. The abscissa and origin point to the same elements as in FIG. Signal from the circuit 10 is S ₁ (t) and S ₂ of the signal (t) from the lower receiver (9-2) by calculating the correlation function of the 'S ₁ (t) is the upper receiver (9-1) ( The delay time T generated after S ₁ (t)) is obtained. In other words, the circuit 10 is operated according to the correlation function P (τ). In other words :

Where t denotes the current time, and t ₀ is the normal time from when one part of the charge passes through the antenna of the receiver 9-1 to through the antenna of its receiver 9-2. Display a certain constant time selected longer. For example, time t ₀ is in the range of 15 to 20 minutes. Equation (1), cited above, first collects data of S ₁ (t) for a time from (tt ₀ ) to t and second data of S ₂ (t) is from (tt ₀ τ) to τ (τ is travel time). And the product of these data is integrated from (tt ₀ ) to t. The travel time τ is then converted until the value of P (τ) reaches a maximum. The time τ for generating the maximum value of P (τ) corresponds to the delay time T described above. The delay time T corresponds to the fall time when the charge falls from the level of the upper receiving antenna to the level of the lower receiving antenna. The delay time T thus obtained corresponds to the fall time when the charge falls from the level of the upper receiving antenna to the level of the lower receiving antenna. Using the delay time T thus obtained, the circuit 10 then calculates the falling speed V according to the following equation.

V = L / T (2)

Where L denotes the distance between the upper receiving antenna and the lower receiving antenna. In this case, the distance L between the upper and lower receiving antennas can be shorter than the thickness of each of the coke and ore layers statistically obtained. Experiments have shown that the coke and ore layers are 38-72 cm and 55-79 cm thick at the top of the blast furnace, but their thickness is approximately half when lowered from the top to the blast furnace. The circuit 10 can also calculate the thickness H ₀ of each ore layer and the thickness H _c of each coke layer using the speed V thus obtained in accordance with the following equations (3) and (4), respectively. have.

H ₀ = V x T _c (3)

H _c = V x T ₀ (4)

Where T ₀ and T _c represent the times shown in FIGS. 3 and 6b. That is, T _o represents the time from the bottom of the ore layer passing through the receiving antenna to the top passing, and Tc similarly represents the time from the trial passing through the receiving antenna to the top of the bottom of the coke layer. . Electromagnetic waves attenuate greatly in the ore layer, but pass through the coke layer. Therefore, assuming that the levels of the detection signals S (t) (S ₁ (t) and (S ₂ (t)) are nearly zero for the ore layer, the level for the coke layer is very high. It means that it can be represented by an almost binary digital signal S (t).

FIG. 6B is a graph illustrating the binary digital signal s (t) for the ore and coke layers. The signal converted to binary digital value can be used to measure the thickness of the layer with high accuracy.

7 is a cross-sectional view of another form of the detection apparatus according to the present invention as seen from a high elevation. In the detecting device 22, the common waveguide 5 and the antenna 11 are used as the transmitting device and the receiving device. But there are independent transmitters 8 and receivers 9. The waveguide 5 is located inside the cooling means 6. Electromagnetic waves supplied from the transmission source 8 to the waveguide 5 through the transition 99 are radiated to the charge BD through the antenna 11. The emitted electromagnetic waves are then reflected by the ore part and returned back to the waveguide 5. The electromagnetic waves thus reflected are only received by the receiver 9 by the directional coupler 91. That is, the receiver 9 is connected to the library 5 by way of a directional coupler.

FIG. 8 is a graph of data obtained by the detecting device 22 of FIG. 7 at a frequency set at several 10 GHz. As can be seen from the graph, the differences in strategy (Pr) levels for the ore and coke layers are relatively small compared to those shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 6a and 6b. Even so, the device 22 is very simple and compact in structure compared to the devices 2 and 12 in FIGS. 5A and 5B. Neglect 2 and 12 are of the transmission type while the device 22 is of the reflective type. Although the level difference is smaller than the difference obtained by the transmission type devices 2 and 12, it is possible to reliably distinguish the ore layer from the coke layer because the level difference reaches 20 dBm (-50 to -70 dBm). . In addition, the apparatus 22 and the apparatuses 2 and 12 can perform detection even in the blast furnace, even if the liver BY and Bosch BH have a very high temperature portion.

9 is a block diagram of one example of an inspection system according to the present invention. The detection device in this example is similar to that of FIG. The first detection device 62-1 is located at the boundary between the wearer BY and the Bosch BH. The second detection device 62-2 is located at the intermediate level of the Bosch BH. The third detection device 62-3 is located at the bottom level of the Bosch BH. Each device 62-1, 62-2, 62-3 includes a transmitter 64-1, 64-2, 64-3 and a receiver 65-1, 65-2, 65-3. From this detection field, detection signals are sent to the recording apparatus REC on the one hand and to the waveform processing circuits 67-1, 67-2, and 67-3 on the other hand. The recording device REC records the data of the detection signal. The three sets of Zeta recorded on the recording device are the descent time (T), descent speed (V) and the like of a certain portion of the charge descending from the first device 62-2 to the second device 62-2. Is processed to obtain the back. Similarly, its values T and V falling from the second device 62-2 to the third device 62-3 can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to know the change in the thickness of the ore and coke layer descending from the first detection device 62-1 to the third device 62-3. The waveform of the detection signal is transformed by the waveform processing circuits 67-1 to 67-3, and the waveform of each detection signal having a noise ripple in itself is smoothed into a rectangular analog signal. These smooth signals are converted into digital signals by analog / digital (A / D) converters 69 on channels 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The A / D converter 69 is connected to a microprocessor (CUP) 70.

The microprocessor 70 instructs the A / D converter 69 to periodically generate an A / D converted signal from the converter and corresponds to a random access memory (RAM) 71 corresponding to three channels, namely They remember to RAM1, RAM2 and RAM3. The relationship with the suffixes "1", "2", and "3" on detection devices 62-1 to 62-3 is shown. When a predetermined amount of data is stored in the RAM 71, the microprocessor 70 processes the data according to the correlation function P (t) and delays using the distance L ₁₂ and the time T _o , T _c . The time T ₁₂ and T ₂₃ , the descending speeds V ₁₂ and V ₁₂ , the thickness (H ₀ , H _C ), and the like are calculated. The procedure for calculating these values (T, V, H ...) has already been described in detail and thus the description is omitted here. Numbers 66-1, 66-2, 66-3, 68-1, 68-2, and 68-3 denote variable resistors for adjusting the sensitivity of the detection apparatus. The cathode ray tube (CRT) indicator 73 shows the calculated values V, T, H. The distribution of ore and coke layers in the furnace is also shown graphically on the indicator 73. On the other hand, the calculated value is printed by the printer 74. External commands by the operator are given via the keyboard 75. The keyboard 75, the indicator 73 and the printer 74 are connected to the microprocessor 70 by an input / output (I / O) interface 72.

FIG. 10 is a graph of the data obtained from the FIG. 9 inspection system. The graph of FIG. 10 shows an analog to the graph of FIG. The numbers on the abscissa represent hours divided by minutes. Characters S62-1, S62-2, and S62-3 represent detection signals obtained from the first, second and third detection devices 62-1, 62-2, 62-3, respectively. The reflected wave is weakest in the ore layer, stronger in the coke layer, and stronger in the cohesive layer. In the example, signal S62-1 periodically represents strong and weak reflected electromagnetic waves. Strong electromagnetic waves mean that they are located in front of the antenna of the device 62-1 of the coke layer. Weak electromagnetic waves mean that they are located in front of the antenna of the device 62-1 of the ore layer. Signal S62-2 represents the reflected electromagnetic wave that is periodically stronger and then stronger. The strongest electromagnetic wave means that a layer having a large standing force is in front of the antenna of the device 62-2. A slightly stronger electromagnetic wave means that the coke layer is in front of the antenna of device 62-2. Signal S62-3 represents a constant level signal and includes a high frequency ripple. This means that the larger coagulation layer melts away and only the coke layer is placed in front of the antenna. The signals S62-1 and S62-2 are substantially symmetrical to each other. It will be clear from this signal that a region of high cohesion is located between the levels of the devices 62-1 and 62-3. Therefore, if the correlation function is calculated as the signal S62-2 and the inverted signal S62-1, a trapezoidal waveform signal having the maximum level is obtained.

11 is a graph of the correlation function. The horizontal axis in the graph indicates the corrected time t 'and the origin, expressed in minutes of the resulting correlation function P (t'). For clarity, the value of the detection signal S62-1 is first inverted, delayed by the delay time t ', and then multiplied by the value of the detection signal S62-2. As a result, the trapezoidal waveform signal TP at the maximum level appears after a delay time of T '. Since the formula V ₁₂ = L ₁₂ / T ₁₂ is maintained as in the above formula (2), the thickness H _co of the ore layer can be obtained from the formula H _co = V ₁₂ · t ₁ . This is the same as the above formulas (3) and (4), where t ₁ represents the pulse width (see t _{1 in} FIG. 10) of the signal S62-1. Similarly the thickness of the coke layer H _c is obtained from the formula H _c = V ₁₂ · t ₂ , where t ₂ is the width of the signal S62-1 as shown in FIG. 10. Therefore, as a result, the thickness of the layer with large cohesion force can be known.

12a, 12b and 12c show graphs of long time measurement data. The memorized axis of each graph indicates the elapsed day (DY). The origin of the graph of FIGS. 12A-12C shows the position LT of the layer with large cohesion force, the descending speed V in cm / min, and the thickness H _CL of the layer with large cohesion force in cm, respectively. From this graph, first, the descending speed V is maintained at a constant level, and second, the thicker the thickness H _co , the lower the position LT and vice versa. 12A, 12B, and 12C, each mixture layer ML contains a signal that includes ripple while each device 62-1, 62-2, and 62-3 exhibits a constant reflected electromagnetic wave. It represents the period of occurrence. This means that a mixed layer is formed between the furnace wall and the foundation and consists mainly of coke. Some detectors may not generate a detection signal if a thick deposit is formed in front of the detector. Even so, however, the lower detection device 62-3 always generates a detection signal continuously until the layer having a large cohesive force descends close to it.

13A is a sectional view of another form of the detection apparatus according to the present invention from the side of the blast furnace. FIG. 13B is a front view of the detection device of FIG. 13A. The detecting device 32 is composed of a transmitting device and a receiving device in parallel in one component configuration. The waveguide of this part is located in one cooling means 6. The end of each waveguide is formed of a slit to act as an antenna. The slits 31T and 31R are transmission antennas and reception antennas, respectively, and have a width of 3 mm and a length of 20 mm. The antennas are aligned on the same plane. As for the slits 31T and 31R, a mixed or parabolic antenna is generally used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. However, the electronic antenna easily introduces dust or impurities into the waveguide through the wide open portion. This opening may be blocked by a refractory material through which electromagnetic waves can be transmitted. In this case, however, undesirable deposits gradually grow on the refractory and eventually interfere with the transmission of electromagnetic waves therethrough. Since the latter type of antenna is a complicated structure, it is difficult to cool the blast furnace wall. The problem in the detection apparatus 2 of FIG. 2 was solved by using a metal mesh and simultaneously cleaning with an inert gas. In the detection device 32, an antenna formed by a thin slit is used, which is cleaned by an inert gas. If the waveguide is thinly formed at the open end, its efficiency tends to be lowered by two reasons. First, an undesirable current flows through a tapered portion made of metal at the open end, causing loss of electromagnetic wave power. Second, the cutoff frequency is moved to the high frequency side, and thus electromagnetic waves cannot freely pass through the tapered portion.

14 is a perspective view of an open waveguide used to explain the distribution of magnetic and electric fields. The waveguide 5 has a rectangular shape and has long sides and short sides of the lengths b and c, and the distribution of the magnetic field and the electric field is a TE ₁₀ mode wave. The electric field EF is in the short side direction, while the magnetic field MF is in the long side direction. The electric field (EF) is the maximum intensity at the center of the long side and reaches the minimum intensity zero at both walls (referred to as curve EFS). Curve EFS displays the distribution of field strength. Thus, if an elongated slit or grating is formed in the direction of the electric field EF, power loss is greatly increased. However, if formed in the direction perpendicular to the electric field, the loss in power can be minimized. In TE ₁₀ wave mode, the cut-off wavelength of a square waveguide (λ _c ) is determined by the length of the long side (b) only, regardless of the length of the short side (c) according to equation (5): .

λ _c = 2b (5)

Therefore, the attenuation of the transmission and reception efficiency of electromagnetic waves is as shown in Figs. 15 and 16, in which the lattice is formed parallel to the long side b, or the elongated slits of length b are formed in the center of the waveguide group 5. If so, it can be kept to a minimum.

15 is a perspective view of a portion of one preferred form of the waveguide used in the present invention.

16 is a perspective view of a portion of another preferred form of waveguide used in the present invention. In Fig. 15, the waveguide 5 has a data portion near the open end A, so that a thin slit is formed. The tapered portion including the open portion A functions as an antenna as already described in FIG. 13B. In FIG. 16, the waveguide 5 'is formed as a grid at the open portion A'. That is, a plurality of parallel elongated slits are formed at the open ends. As mentioned earlier, each waveguide 5 and 5 'has an inlet for feeding the insertion gas to the other end. Each waveguide 5 and 5 'has the magnitude | size of b = 22.9 mm and c = 10.2 mm, for example. The open end A of the waveguide 5 has, for example, a width a of 5.0 mm and is about 1/2 of the open end of the waveguide. Each slit of the waveguide 5 'is separated by a grating having a width a' of 2 mm and a width e of 0.5 mm.

17A is a perspective view of another embodiment of a component of the detection apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 17B is a top plan view of the detection device shown in FIG. 17A. In the detection device 42, the first waveguide 5-1 is L-shaped in its entirety. The open end A, such as the slit of the waveguide 5-1, faces the open end of the second waveguide 5-2. The cooling means 6 'forms a protection therein including a waveguide and has a recess 41 in part. Thus, the charge BD can only descend through the recess 41.

18A is a sectional view of another embodiment of a detection device according to the present invention seen from the side of a blast furnace. FIG. 18B is a front view of the detection device of FIG. 18A. The reference numeral 52 denotes a detection device. Two slit shaped openings A1 and A2 are formed at the top and bottom of the end of the device 52. Each of the elongated slit openings A1 and A2 extends perpendicular to the direction in which the charge BD descends into the furnace, as shown in FIG. 18B. Openings A1 and A2 in this example are 5 mm by 22.9 mm in size and are located at a distance of 100 mm from each other. The member numbers 83-1 and 83-2 are inlets for supplying the inert gas IG to the waveguides 5-1 and 5-2, respectively. The member number 84 is an inlet for supplying the cooling water CW to the cooling means 6, and 85 is an outlet for draining the cooling water CW. Reference numeral 86 denotes a circuit located on the outer shaft of the furnace and transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves connected to the outer shaft ends of the waveguides 5-1 and 5-2.

19 shows an example of the transmission and reception circuit 86 of FIG. 18A. Circuit 86 includes directional couplers 91-1 and 91-2, heterodyne detectors 92-1 and 92-2, intermediate frequency (IF) amplifiers 93-1 and 93-2, switch 94 -1 and 94-2), output terminals 95-1 and 95-2, switching signal generator 96, oscillator 97, coaxial switch 98, transitions 99-1 and 99-2 and iso It consists of the isolators 100-1 and 100-2. The operation of the circuit 86 is described later.

20 is another general view of the furnace. The main part of the furnace has already been described with reference to FIG. Letters CL, OL, CZ and FB represent the coke layer, the ore layer and the cohesive region of the cohesive layer and the bottom, respectively. The detection apparatus 52 shown in FIG. 18A, FIG. 18B, and FIG. 19 is located in the furnace wall 7 of the furnace BY. For example, the detection device 52 may protrude by 50 cm from the furnace wall. Device 52 generates electromagnetic waves, such as X-band microwaves, from oscillator 97. Electromagnetic waves selectively arrive at the slit-shaped openings A1 and A2 via the coaxial position 98 and the positions 99-1 and 99-2. When the coaxial switch 98 is operated to guide the output of the oscillator 97 to the transition 99-1, the oscillation output from the oscillator 97 is passed from the open end A1 to the charge BD through the root. Radiated. The emitted electromagnetic wave is reflected by the charge and then returns to the waveguide 5-1 through the opening A1. Moreover, the reflected electromagnetic waves reach the output terminal 95-1 through the directional coupler 91-1, the heterodyne detector 92-1, the IF amplifier 93-1 and the switch 94-1. On the other hand, the radiated electromagnetic wave passes through the retaining material to reach the opening A2. The electromagnetic waves thus transmitted are waveguide 5-2, directional coupler 91-2, heterodyne detector 92-2, IF amplifier 93-2, and switch 94-2 from opening A2. Is led to the output terminal 95-2.

When the coaxial switch 98 is operated to direct the output of the oscillator 97 to the transition 99-2, the oscillation output from the oscillator 97 is charged from the opening A2 through the loop to the load BD. Is radiated to. The electromagnetic waves thus emitted are reflected by the charge on the one hand and returned to the open portion A2. The reflected electromagnetic waves are detected through the output terminal 95-2, and on the other hand, the wave radiated from the open portion A2 is charged. It is transmitted through water and detected by the output terminal 95-1 through the opening portion A1.

21A, 21B and 21C illustrate the signal difference art used to explain the operation of the circuit 86 of FIG. The switching signal generator 96 generates the switching signal shown in Fig. 21A. The switching signal has a frequency that is sufficiently higher than the change of the detection signals S ₁ (t) and (S ₂ (t)), so that the switching signal synchronizes the coaxial switch 98 at a very high frequency in synchronization with the switching signal. Therefore, the openings A1 and A2 alternately radiate or receive electromagnetic waves, and as a result, the output terminal 95-1 outputs the electromagnetic waves reflected and the transmitted radio waves alternately in synchronization with the switching signal. At the same time, the output terminal 95-2 reversely outputs the transmitted electromagnetic waves and the reflected electromagnetic waves in synchronization with it Each switch 94-1 and 94-2 is provided for separating the reflected and transmitted electromagnetic waves from each other. The reflected electromagnetic wave detected through the opening A2 is open to the same charge because the opening A1 is at a level higher than the opening A2, for example, about 100 mm. Sword through However, the difference in the detected electromagnetic waves is not remarkable for the transmitted signal detected at the output terminals 95-1 and 95-2, in which the reflected electromagnetic waves are opened at the openings A1 and A2. This is because each electromagnetic wave obtained or transmitted by the charge on the front side of the signal is obtained by the same charge between the openings A1 and A2, and thus between the detection signals obtained through the openings A1 and A2 described above. The delay time T can be formed first, and then by using the delay time T, the descending speed V can be obtained by the above equation (2).

In FIG. 20, the coke and the light beam lie in layers. Each layer is 20 to 50 cm wide. The coke average particle size is about 50 mm, and when sintered in a furnace, the average particle size of the ore is in the range of 10 to 15 mm. As mentioned above, in the furnace, the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves emitted is selected to be 3 cm, i.e., X band. The use of such microwaves is beneficial for measuring coke and ores with high sensitivity. Because such wavelengths are approximately equal to the average particle size of coke particles and ore particles. However, it should be noted that in the present invention, electromagnetic waves are not limited to microwaves. Millimeters or mirror waves can also be applied.

22 is a graph of data obtained by using the detection apparatus 52 shown in FIGS. 18A, 18B, 19, and 20. FIG. When the signal Sr (t) represents the power of the electromagnetic wave reflected by the charge, the detection signal St (t) indicates the power of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the charge. The signal St (t) is in the class of -40 dBm when the observed charge consists of coke and the signal St (t) is in the class of -85 dBm when the observed charge is composed of ore. Therefore, the coke layer and the ore layer are each clearly distinguished by such different signal powers. On the other hand, the intensity of the signal Sr (t) represents a high frequency continuous light in the range of -10 to -20 dBm. The frequency of the wave is generated by a continuous higher point of the wave at which the ore or coke particles are produced at the open end every hour. An open face is created every hour in the gap formed between each low point of the wave and adjacent ore or / or coke particles.

FIG. 23 is a schematic flowchart for calculating the descending speed (V), particle size (d), and the threshold (H _o ) and (H _c ) using the signals St (t) and Sr (t) from the circuit of FIG. 19. to be. In Fig. 23, the symbols Sr1 (t) and Sr2 (t) indicate the reflected electromagnetic wave detection signals from the output terminals 95-1 and 95-2, respectively. Signal Sr2 (t) has a waveform similar to signal Sr1 (t) but appears after signal Sr1 (t). This is because the associated openings A1 and A2 are located at different levels along the longitudinal axis of the furnace. The signals Sr1 (t) and Sr2 (t) are processed according to Equation (1) to calculate the correlation function P (τ) expressed as in Equation (1 ') below.

tp)와 하강속도(V), 입자크기(d)를 이용하여 식(6)을 얻을 수 있다.24A and 24B show graphs of data used to explain the flowchart of FIG. When the function P (τ) of Equation (1 ') is calculated, the value of P (τ) becomes maximum at time T as shown in FIG. 24B. Therefore, the descending speed V is calculated by the above equation (2) using the time T thus obtained and the distance L between A1 and A2. Each higher point of the signals Sr1 (t) and Sr2 (t) indicates the presence of particles facing the open ends A1 and A2, respectively. This high point continues to be converted to the pulse train signal p (t). Pulse period (

Eq. (6) can be obtained using tp), the rate of descent (V), and the particle size (d).

tp x V (6)d-

tp x V (6)

The signals St (t) of the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the respective output terminals 95-1 and 95-2 have different heights corresponding to the ore layer OL and the coke layer OL during the periods of T _o and T _c as shown in FIG. Have Using these T _o and T _c terms, the thickness H _c of the CL layer and the thickness H _o of the OL layer can be calculated by Equations (3) and (4), respectively.

25A, 25B, and 25C show graphs of data obtained by using the detection apparatus 52 in FIG. 25a, 25b, and 25c show the descending speed V, particle size d, and layer thickness H varying with time. When the data of Figs. 25A, 25B and 25C are obtained, the measurement of the signal is continued at the output terminals 95-1 and 95-2, and the calculation for calculating the data is processed every 10 minutes.

FIG. 26 is a partial sectional view of the blast furnace equipped with two detection apparatuses having the structure shown in FIG. The detection devices 52'-1 and 52'-2 are all mounted in the furnace body. Each detector 52'-1, 52'-2 detects two signals of the reflected and transmitted electromagnetic waves. This detection signal is similar to the detection signal of FIG. For example, the devices 52'-1 and 52'-2 are arranged vertically along an axis at a distance of 30 cm.

FIG. 27 is a partial cross-sectional view of the detection device of FIG. The main parts are similar to the apparatus of FIG. 19. That is, the open portions A1 and A2, the waveguides 5-1 and 5-2, the heterodyne detector 92, the IF damper 93, the oscillator 97, and the like are the same as those of FIG. Reference numerals 101 and 102 denote detectors and ore detectors, respectively, and the detector 102 generates detection signals Sr of reflected electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves are radiated from the open end A1 by the oscillator 97 device. The electromagnetic waves thus reflected return to the waveguide 5-1 and reach the detector 102 by the directional coupler 91. On the other hand, the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the opening A1 to the opening A2 through the charge is transmitted by the detector 101 through the waveguide 5-2, the heterodyne detector 92 and the IF amplifier 93. It is detected as a signal Sr. The rate of descent (V), the thickness (H _c , H _o ) and the particle size (d) are calculated as in the flowchart of FIG. 23 except for the delay time T obtained by the signals of the two transmitted electromagnetic waves.

FIG. 28A is a sectional view of another detection apparatus according to the present invention from the side of the blast furnace, and FIG. 28B is a sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG. FIG. 28C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C of FIG. 28A. Members like Figs. 2, 7, and 18a are represented by the same numbers or characteristics. The characteristic of the detection device 120 is that the openings A2 and A3 are located on the same side when the opening A1 is located on the opposite side. In FIG. 28C, the member number 121 denotes a pressure preventing correction. When measured using the detector 120, for example, 10 GHz is a frequency having a frequency and + 20 dBm (100 mW) power is generated from a circuit 9 'for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic wave thus generated is radiated from the opening portion A1 to the charge via the waveguide 5-1. The emitted electromagnetic waves are diffused by the ore layer OL to reach the open ends A2 and A3. The electromagnetic waves are then received into the respective waveguides 5-2 and 5-3 via the openings A2 and A3 and guided out of the furnace. The guided electromagnetic waves are detected by the electromagnetic wave receivers 8-2 and 8-3. The electromagnetic wave guided to the circuit 9 'is stronger when the opening A1 faces the ore or coke mouth than the electromagnetic wave guided therein when the space surrounds the end A1. Such power difference is used to calculate the particle size.

t에서 발생한다. 이러한 이유는 개단파(A2, A3)가 거리 (L)로 수직으로 배열되었기때문이며 개단부(A2)가 개단부 (A3)보다 높다. 하강속도(V)는 식(2')에 의해 이렇게 얻어진 지연시간(t)로 계산되며, 식(2')은 식(2)의 변형된 형태이다.29A and 29B show graphs of data obtained by the detection apparatus 120 of FIGS. 28A to 28C. Fig. 29A shows the power of the diffused electromagnetic waves reaching the open portions A2 and A3. The signal at point OL represents the electromagnetic wave diffused by the ore layer, while the signal at point CL represents the electromagnetic wave diffused by the coke layer. FIG. 29B shows the electric power of the diffused electromagnetic wave reaching the opening A1 in mW. The signal in FIG. 29B represents the signal processed by the low pass filter to remove noise, not an unprocessed signal. As shown in FIG. 29A, the diffused electromagnetic wave measured through the opening A3 is after the electromagnetic wave measured through the opening A2.

Occurs at t This is because the open waves A2 and A3 are arranged vertically at a distance L and the open portion A2 is higher than the open portion A3. The falling speed V is calculated as the delay time t thus obtained by equation (2 '), which is a modified form of equation (2).

t x C_c(2')V = L /

tx C _c (2 ')

tp)로 계산될수 있다. 더우기, 응집층의 두께 H_CL은 개단부(A2, A1)의 전방에 위치한 검출장치로 측정될수 있다. 즉 코우크스층 CL이 개단부(A2)의 전방에 존재할 때, 확산된 전자기퍼의 전력(P_r)은 제29a도에서처럼 높다. 그러나 응집영역(CZ)이 개단부(A2)의 전방에 위치할 때는 전력(P_r)이 너무 낮아서 검출신호를 얻을 수 없게 된다. 그러한 전력의(P_r)의 차이로부터 응집층의 존재를 알수 있다. 더우기 두께(H_CL)는 응집층이 개단부(A1)를 통한다는 사실에 의해 결정될수 있다. 예를든것처럼, 하나의 송신기 측개단부(A1)만 이제 제28b도에 나타나며, 필요하면 다수의 동일개단부는 검출장치에 장착되어질 수 있다. 검출장치(120)의 주요부의 디멘젼은 제28a도 및 제28b도에 표시되었다.Where C _c is the compensation factor, which is determined in advance by experiment. For example, the detector 120 has a C _c value of 0.5. When the descending speed V is determined, the thickness H _c and the thickness H _o are calculated by the above equations (3) and (4). For example, based on the data of FIG. 29a, H _c = 0.44 mm and H _o = 0.36 mm can be obtained. The particle size (d) is the peak point period (Fig. 29b)

tp). Moreover, the thickness H _CL of the agglomerated layer can be measured with a detection device located in front of the open ends A2 and A1. In other words, when the coke layer CL is present in front of the opening portion A2, the power P _r of the diffused electronic device is as high as in FIG. 29A. However, when the aggregation area CZ is located in front of the opening A2, the power P _r is too low to obtain a detection signal. The difference in power P _r can be seen from the presence of the cohesive layer. Furthermore, the thickness H _CL can be determined by the fact that the cohesive layer is through the opening A1. As an example, only one transmitter side opening A1 is now shown in FIG. 28B, and a number of identical openings can be mounted to the detection device if necessary. The dimensions of the main part of the detection apparatus 120 are shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B.

Figure 30a shows a graph of the dBm and mV power detected when the cork layer stops descending for a long time in the furnace. Figure 30b shows a graph of the dBm and mV power detected when the ore layer stops descending for a long time in the furnace. Figure 30c shows a graph of the dBm and mV power detected as the mixed layer of coke and ore continues to descend for a long time in the furnace. In this case, the detected signals of the diffused electromagnetic waves and the transmitted electromagnetic waves shown in FIGS. 30A and 30B, respectively, do not change due to the stop of falling. The power of electromagnetic waves diffused by the mixed ore and coke represents the center height between the heights of the signals of FIGS. 30a and 30b. In addition, the signal of the electromagnetic waves spread by mixing includes high frequency ripple.

31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, and 31e show the descending speed, layer thickness, and particle size of the charges obtained by using the detection apparatus 120 of FIGS. 28a through 28b, and 28c. This is a graph of data. The data in FIG. 31 were obtained by long term measurements, and the note axis of each graph represents the date (DY) as a period. As shown in FIGS. 31B and 31C, if the thickness H _c of the coke layer begins to fall 5 days after the start of the measurement, the thickness H _o of the ore layer begins to increase after 5 days. As seen in FIG. 31A, the rate of falling randomly V changes after 10 days and then gradually decreases. The range (F) in the graph represents the period during which the charges do not fall gently in the furnace. Therefore, it was impossible to obtain data on the velocity (V), the thickness (H _o , H _c ), the particle size (d _o ) of the ore particles and the particle size (d _c ) of the coke particles. It may be considered that the charge placed in front of the device 120 does not move in the furnace for 13 to 17 days from the measurement time. The letters (ML) in the graph represent a mixed layer of ore and coke. The mixed layer ML continues for 5 days from 35 days to 45 days. As seen in FIGS. 31B to 31E, the average ore particle size (d _o ) gradually decreased, the ore thickness (H _o ) gradually decreased, and also coke, during the days before the period of the mixed layer (ML). The thickness H _c gradually increased. This means that the ore layer has penetrated the coke layer located nearby. It is a layer composed mainly of coke to be a mixed layer (ML).

32A and 32B are graphs showing the power of the detection signal in dBm and mW obtained by measuring the descending speed and thickness of the agglomerated layer using the detection apparatus 120 shown in FIGS. 28A to 28C. The power of this example is measured when there are detection devices 120 mounted on both sides BH of the furnace. In FIG. 32A power P _r is obtained from diffused electromagnetic waves, while in FIG. 32B power P _r is obtained from reflected electromagnetic waves. In FIG. 32A, since the cohesive region is located in the device 120, a signal relating only to the coke layer is measured before time t _a . Next, since the aggregation layer faces the opening A2 at time t _a , the signal level is reduced to -100 dBm where no electromagnetic wave is detected. Therefore, the presence of the aggregation layer at the open portion A2 can be known. During the t _a and t _b periods, the signal related to the agglomerated layer cannot be detected via the opening A3. This is because the aggregation layer is descending at the height between the open portions A2 and A1. This means that the bottom of the cohesive layer is located between the open ends A1 and A2. Further, since the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is located below the height of the opening A1 after the time t _b , the coke particles in the descending speed, thickness, and cohesive area can be measured in size. For example, after time t _b , the descending speed of the cohesive layer is 3 m / hr, the average thickness 20 cm, and the average particle size is 4 cm.

Half of the latter half of FIG. 32B shows that the detection signal P _r is high in power and the wave is minimized. Moreover, it is possible to measure the position of the bottom edge of the cohesive region layer using the reduction rate of the thickness H _CL , which is detected by the two open ends A2 and A3. As described in detail, the present invention enables the inspection of various conditions, properties, or properties on the inside of the blast furnace with high accuracy.

Claims (33)

Radiating electromagnetic waves in a charge of at least alternating ore and coke layers, receiving and detecting electromagnetic waves reflected or diffused by the charge, or transmitted through the charge, electromagnetic waves by ore Analyzing the detected electromagnetic wave to distinguish the ore and coke in accordance with the reflection or diffusion of the electromagnetic wave and the transmission of the electromagnetic wave through the coke. 2. A detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a detection device in which one part is located inside the furnace and the other part is located outside is used, and the detection device is emitted from a transmitting device and a transmitting device for radiating electromagnetic waves, and is reflected by ore. And a receiving device for receiving electromagnetic waves transmitted or transmitted through the coke, to analyze the presence of ore and coke in the charge. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein each of said and transmitting and receiving devices comprises at least one waveguide and at least one antenna connected to the waveguide at an opening located inside the blast furnace, wherein the waveguide and antenna are connected by a cooling device. Cooled and inert gas is blown through the waveguide from the outside of the blast furnace to the opening of the antenna. 4. The detection apparatus according to claim 3, wherein another detection apparatus identical to the above detection apparatus is also used, wherein the first apparatus is located at a predetermined distance L higher than the second apparatus along the longitudinal axis of the blast furnace, and is obtained over time by these two detection apparatuses. A method of obtaining a lowered T, a falling speed V, a thickness H and a particle size d from two data on the power of the first and second receiving electromagnetic waves. The method of claim 4, wherein

The correlation function P (τ) of the multiplication form, where S ₁ (t) and S ₂ (t), respectively, represent detection signals representing the power of the first and second receiving electromagnetic waves, and T _o is a portion of the charge. Calculate a predetermined time which is much longer than the normal time required to move from the first detector to the second detector), and then convert the travel time τ until the value of P (τ) reaches the maximum value. And τ obtained at this time represents the fall time T. 5. The fall time T according to claim 4, characterized in that the fall time T is obtained from the time required to pass the boundary between the coke and the ore from the first detector to the second detector set to a distance shorter than the statistically obtained layer thickness. Way. The method of claim 4, wherein V = L / T The falling speed V is calculated using the equation. The method of claim 5, H _c = T _c x V H _o = T _o x V Characterized in that the thickness H _c of the coke layer and the thickness H _o of the ore layer are respectively calculated using an equation (where T _c and T _o are the time required to pass through at least one of the first and second detection devices, respectively). How to. The method of claim 7, wherein H _c = T _c x V H _o = T _o x V Where T _c and T _o are the time required to pass through at least one of the first and second detectors, respectively, and the thickness H _c of the cokesuit and the thickness H _o of the ore layer are calculated, respectively. How to. The method of claim 5, d =

tp x V The particle size d is calculated using an equation, and at least one of the first and second detection devices emits electromagnetic waves from the transmitter, and the receiver receives radio radiation emitted by each particle of the charge at the receiver. It forms a pulse train signal consisting of a series of peaks of the associated detection signal, and time

tp is determined and preferably the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is selected to be approximately equal to the average particle size. 5. The fall time T of the ore layer agglomerated from two data relating to the power of the first and second receiving electromagnetic waves obtained over time by the first and second detection devices mounted to the bosch of the blast furnace. , Descent rate V, thickness H and particle size d is obtained. Electromagnetic waves radiate to the blast furnace's charges and are reflected or diffused by the transmitter and the transmitters having transmitters (8; 64-1, 64-2, 64-3) outside the blast furnace or passed through the charges At least one detection device comprising a receiver having a receiver 9; 9-1, 9-2; 65-1, 65-2, 65-3; 8-2, 8-3 outside the blast furnace Charge of the blast furnace, characterized in that it comprises a device (2; 12; 22; 62-1, 62-2, 62-3; 32; 42; 52'-1, 52'-2; 52 '; 120) Device to check. 13. The waveguide (5) according to claim 12, wherein the transmitter has a waveguide group (5-1; 5) provided with the transmitter at one end of the outside of the furnace and the receiver has a waveguide (5) provided with the receiver at one end of the outside of the furnace. -2; 5-3; 5), each of which is located within the cooling means (6; 6-1, 6-2, 6-3; 62-1, 62-2, 62-3) And each of these waveguides has openings (A, A ', A1, A2, A3) and inlets for blowing slave inert gas through the waveguide. The device according to claim 13, wherein each open end of the waveguide in the furnace is coupled with an antenna (11). 15. A device according to claim 14, characterized in that the opening (A) of the antenna is narrower than that of the waveguide (5) associated therewith and extends perpendicular to the electric field direction formed in the waveguide. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the antenna is horn type. 15. The antenna (11) of the furnace according to claim 14, wherein the antenna (11) inside the furnace is integrated with the open end (A ') of the waveguide (5'), and a plurality of slits are formed at the open ends, each slit being narrow and of the waveguide. Apparatus characterized in that it extends perpendicular to the direction of the electric field formed therein. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the open end of the antenna is covered with a metal mesh or metal grating. 15. The device according to claim 14, wherein the antenna of the transmitting device (8) and the antenna of the receiving device (9) are aligned on the same horizontal plane parallel to the lateral axis of the blast furnace, facing each other at regular intervals. 20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that it is positioned along the longitudinal axis of the furnace at predetermined intervals from the first and second detection devices (8) and (9). 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the transmitting and receiving devices are integrally configured. 22. The antenna and waveguide of the transmitting device are common with the antenna and waveguide of the receiving device and the transmitter 8 and the receiver 9 are connected to the end of the common waveguide 5 outside the furnace and the receiver is Device characterized in that it is connected via a directional coupler (91). 23. The first and second detection devices according to claim 22, wherein one detection device and the other detection device are mounted on the furnace wall and aligned in one direction along the longitudinal axis of the blast furnace at a predetermined interval L. Device. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the two transmitting and receiving devices are included in the detection device itself. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the first transmitting and receiving device and the second transmitting and receiving device are aligned in one direction along the end of the blast furnace. 25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the antenna of the transmitting device and the antenna of the receiving device lie on the same plane. 27. The device according to claim 26, wherein the two antennas (A1, A2) are aligned in one direction perpendicular to the lateral axis of the blast furnace. 28. An apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the first and second detection (52'-1, 52'-2) devices are aligned in the longitudinal axis direction of the blast furnace at predetermined intervals (L). 25. A device according to claim 24, characterized in that the transmitting device and the receiving device are made up of almost details, i.e., a first part A1 forming electromagnetic waves and second and third parts A2, A3 receiving the generated electromagnetic waves. Device. 30. An apparatus according to claim 29, wherein said first portion (A1) receives electromagnetic waves and also has a receiver coupled to the waveguide by a transmitter and a directional coupler. 30. The device according to claim 29, wherein the first portion (A1) lies on the opposite side of the longitudinal axis of the blast furnace relative to the second and third portions (A2, A3). 32. The device according to claim 31, wherein the second and third parts (A2, A3) are located on the sides above and below the part of the first part (A1), respectively. 31. The device according to claim 30, wherein the antenna of the first part (A1) is in the opposite direction along the lateral axis of the blast furnace from the antennas of the second and third parts (A2, A3).

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