KR810001110B1 - A method of producing gas from solid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

The method and apparatus for gas manufacture from solid fuels is described. Fuel gas is manufactured from solid fuels (e.g., coal) by gasification in a reactor by the addition of such gasification agents as air and/or steam. Part of the fuel is gasified in a fluidized state, and part is handled in a stationary manner.

Description

How to generate gas from solid fuel

1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the gas generating furnace.

2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG.

3 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of an enlargement of the government of the gas generating furnace.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a gas from a solid fuel by gasifying using a gasifier in a reaction chamber having a fluidized bed by separating particles contained in the gas rising from the fluidized bed by centrifugal action in the reaction chamber. will be.

When gasifying solid fuel in the fluidized bed, the fine particles from the heat-treated fluidized bed are constantly taken out by the air force conveying action. Since these particles are not gasified or incompletely gasified, undesirable carbon losses occur. It is known to provide a cyclone in the passage for product gas. It has been proposed to arrange cyclones in the generator tank, in which case a guide track extending from the lower end of the generator to the generator chamber and extending to the fluidized bed is projected and separated by these. Dust is fed back to the fluidized bed.

The dust introduced into the fluidized bed is disadvantageous to the process even if it is reacted inert and is again taken out of the fluidized bed without being gasified and gasified to a desired degree, and the cyclone is again loaded.

The problem of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks and inadequacies and to apply the fluidized bed principle, in particular to enable good utilization of the carbon supplied from the fuel and to effectively reduce the load of the gas stream by the solid particles in the process. It is an advantageous practice to disclose an advantageous method of producing a gas from a solid fuel.

In the case of the above-described method, the present invention solves this problem by introducing the particles separated from the gas rising from the fluidized bed into a separate gasifier, and gasifying it separately from the udon bed. .

As a gasification agent, water vapor and oxygen are suitable first. Particles resulting from the separation process are captured directly by the gasifiers. By this method, gasification of all the carbon content of the particles can be achieved. As a result, the fuel is used significantly better than before. In addition, unfavorable loads in the previous process, especially in the separation process, are avoided by the recirculating fuel particles.

When gasification is carried out at temperatures above the ash melting point, it is advantageous to not produce dried solid particles, but only liquid slag, which is dripped in the fluidized bed, cooled, quenched, and has a relatively high specific gravity, which leads to After settling in a direction, it is carried out by the suitable method by a normal means. Therefore, there are no fine dry particles that can be captured by the gas stream rising from the fluidized bed and separated again.

Another advantage of the method is that the heat generated when gasifying the separated particles separately is fully utilized. The heated gas imparts its wet heat to the fluidized bed, where this thermal energy is advantageously used in the exothermic gasification reaction.

In addition, with respect to the conventional fluidized bed gasification, it has been achieved that the product gas flows out of the reaction chamber when it is relatively cooled.

Particularly advantageous is that the separate gasification of the separated particles is carried out in a gasification process comprising fluidized bed gasification and also fixed bed gasification in the same reaction chamber. Thus, a very advantageous process is obtained as a whole, and as a result, not only the implementation thereof but also the ash discharge which can be carried out in detail in the downward direction of the stationary phase, in particular through a rotating grate, is possible.

The invention is advantageously carried out under pressure. However, it is also possible to operate without pressurization.

The generator for carrying out the present invention includes a generator tank including at least one introduction device for fuel, including a fluidized bed gasification zone, and a supply conduit for gasification agent, wherein the tank includes a fluidized bed. Cyclone is provided for separating solid particles above the gasification zone.

In the present invention, such a generation furnace includes a gasification chamber having an injector to which a gasification agent is supplied, connected to a cyclone.

The gasification chamber may be connected to the cyclone via an intermediate portion. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the gasification chamber is connected directly to the outlet of the cyclone. The particles separated thereby are immediately captured and gasified by the gasifiers coming from the injector.

The injector may be placed directly at the passage between the cyclone and gasification chamber or at the outlet of the cyclone. The injector may also include an outlet nozzle disposed obliquely on the longitudinal axis of the at least one gasification chamber and / or an eccentrically arranged discharge nozzle, or may be inclined or eccentrically arranged on its own. The motion of the particles during the gasification process is influenced in a suitable way, in particular the spiral or spiral motion continues to receive the particles in the cyclone.

It is appropriate to place the cyclone on the top of the tank or also on the government. Cyclones may be designed in a manner well known to those skilled in the art, depending on flow technical requirements, gas velocity, and particle size accompanying the gas. It is made of high heat resistant material such as steel or ceramic material. By arranging cyclones in the tank of the generator, the walls of the generator do not need to be pressure resistant even when the gasification process is carried out under pressure.

It is advantageous to design a blower in the cyclone, through which the gas is introduced into the cyclone in a particularly suitable way. Such a blowing device has a passage distributed regularly around a cyclone, for example, is manufactured by the crown method of a guide vane, or is provided with this guide vane.

In order to discharge the product gas, it is suitable to have a gas discharge passage passing through the tank by generating upward of the cyclone.

This conduit can in particular extend from the cyclone laterally of the cyclone.

The generating furnace may be a pure fluidized bed generating furnace, but it is suitable to arrange a cyclone with a gas chamber on the mixed fluidized bed and the fixed bed gasification system.

The present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The gas generator shown in the first has a generator tank G surrounding the reaction chamber R, which in this embodiment includes a fluidized bed gasification zone W in the middle part 2 and a fixed bed gasification zone f in the bottom part 1. This means that the stationary bed F and the fluidized bed W are connected to each other in the same reactor tank G.

The spherical zone F, which gasified the fuel in the fixed or quasi-fixed gun, is in the form of a shaft and forms a rotating grate 4 of known type. 5 shows a gasification agent opening in the rotary grating, for example, a supply conduit of air or oxygen and / or steam depending on the process carried out or the desired gas. The extraction of gasification residues from the fixed-bed gasification zone uses a known type of lock gate 6.

The fluidized-bed gasification following the fixed-bed gasification zone F is provided with a fuel inlet 10. The fuel insertion device has a screw conveyor 11 which can be driven each time and is also installed at the bottom of the fuel hopper 12. There is a known lock gate 13 above. Instead of the screw conveyor, other types of devices for introducing fuel may be provided, for example slid or vibratory conveyors.

Several supply conduits 14 for gasifiers (e.g. air, oxygen, water vapor) are provided below the fuel inlet 10 each time divided into rings. These openings, which are then open in zone W, are at different heights as is apparent from the figure. The middle part 2 of the tank G, which includes the fluidized bed zone W, has an upwardly expanding, in particular raw inner cross section. This shape and the upper and lower end cross sections of the middle portion 2 are selected to remain in fluidized bed under the action of gas rising from the gasifier and the fixed bed gasification zone to which granular fuel of a given particle size range is supplied.

Tank G is designed to be sealed and to be operated under pressure with increased gas production. However, it is possible to work without applying elevated internal pressure. In the latter case, the lock gates 6 and 13 may be omitted or replaced by other devices as the case may be.

Cyclone 20 is installed in the center of the top 3 of the generator tank G, which operates according to centrifugal force in a conventional manner, in which case it separates the solid particles from the gas produced from the fluidized bed. 21 represents the blowing device and enters cyclone 20 through it. This apparatus 21 has a passage 23 defined by a fixed guide vane 22, for example, as shown in FIG. The product gas which does not contain separated particles is discharged from the generator through an outlet tube piece 24 arranged along the axis of cyclone 20.

Cyclone 20 is connected to the gasification chamber 30, and the separate particle outlet 25 of the cyclone forms a passage zone in the gasification chamber 30. An injector 26 is placed in the passage zone 25, as indicated by the arrow, which can be supplied from the outside via conduit 27 at a pressure corresponding to the pressure in the gasifier, in particular superheated steam and the generator. Particles separated in cyclone 20 are captured at the outlet 26 of the cyclone by gas ejection of the gasification medium exiting injector 26 and gasified in gasification chamber 30. Thus, the entire carbon component in these particles is gasified at a temperature above the ash melting point, for example, between about 1300 and 1500 ° C.

The entire ash component in the particles is melted, absorbed by the liquid slag already present on the wall of the gasification chamber 30, and dropped in the fluidized bed W. Here the residue is settled downwards and transported through the stationary phase F in the direction of the rotary grate 4, through which it is discharged to the lock gate 6 together with the other residues. Instead of a rotary grate, other suitable devices may be used to remove the residue. Thus, as a result of the hot gasification of the gasification chamber 30, no dry ash particles are contained in the gas stream resulting from the fluidized bed and will be separated again in the cyclone. In addition, there is an advantage that heat in the gasification chamber 30 additionally heats the fluidized bed.

Unlike the above-described embodiment, it may be composed of a generation furnace (winkler generator), in which case the bottom 1 of FIG. 1 may be removed. In this case, there is an ejection device suitable for gasification residues, for example liquid slag outlets.

Figure 3 illustrates an advantageous embodiment of the upper range of the generating furnace. In this case, the government section 16 constitutes a connection to a pure fluidized bed generation furnace as described above, or forms part of a combined generation furnace of the kind shown in FIG.

In the center of the government 16, a cyclone 40 having a housing 49 made of a suitable material (e.g. steel or ceramic) is installed, in which the rising gas is opened in the direction of the arrow as indicated from the lower fluid phase, not shown. It enters through the upper surface 43 of the cyclone or, optionally, through the side opening. Rotational motion is imparted to the gas via a blower 41 with spiral or spiral guide vanes 42. The gasification chamber 50 is connected to the lower part of the cyclone 40 outlet with a passage zone 45 and a cooling system which is enlarged underneath, such as a funnel.

As mentioned above, the cooling system comprises a tubular coil 51, which is surrounded by a protective fireproof coating 52 through which the coolant flows. Cooling water is supplied through conduit 37 having a portion 37a sliding along cyclone 40 and connected to one end of tubing coil 51. After passing through the tubing coil 51, the water is flowed through an exhaust pipe 38 having a portion 38a that slides along the cyclone 40.

In some cases, an injector 46 having one or more nozzles disposed obliquely or eccentrically with respect to the cyclone axis is placed in the pass zone 45. Two pipelines 47 and 48 are led from the tank G to the injector 46 with the above generation, passing through the coolant pipe parts 37a and 38a by two parts 47a and 48a sliding along cyclone 40, and line 47 supplies oxygen Line 48 supplies steam to injector 46, respectively. Portions 37a, 47a and 38a, 48a each constitute a coaxial arrangement of the tub so that the passage for the gasifier (eg oxygen, steam) is surrounded by a passage that cools the water, such as Jackel.

This particularly constitutes a unique embodiment.

Gasification of the particles from the cyclone 40 into the chamber 50 takes place as described in FIG. Generation of the product gas (without solid particles) from the cyclone 40 is carried out through an outlet tube 44 disposed at the center.

Various structural possibilities for mounting, supporting or suspending cyclone 40 to the government are apparent to those skilled in the art. The government 16 includes a cover securely fixed to its upper end as indicated by the separation plane 34 and after the cover is removed, the entire cyclone can be accessed. Optionally, a vessel flange or doorway having an included size is formed to assemble or disassemble the critical portion of the cyclone.

The government 16 forms part of the generator or is appropriately placed in the generator to form its own unit, which is hermetically connected, for example by a flange connector 35 indicated by the dotted line in FIG.

In addition, the government which forms the cyclone and the gasification chamber connected thereto is manufactured as a unit that can be installed on and connected to the generator, and unlike the embodiment according to FIG. 3, it completely surrounds the cyclone to raise the gas. It does not include a ring-shaped space, but forms two tubs with the proper cross-sectional area arranged oppositely to the individual gas guide plates, for example the cyclone ending at the government of the cyclone. The actuation mechanism is the same as described above. In this case, the cyclone can be independent of the immediate external effects of the heated gas. In addition, the supply pipes for gasification media can be arrange | positioned differently. In such a structure, it directly surrounds each gas guide plate and cyclone (same as the structure according to FIG. 3), guides the rising gas to the inlet of the cyclone, and belongs to the generation furnace system and uses high pressure gasification, It is also designed with the same pressure as the remainder of the generator. Therefore, in spite of the fact that the separation of the gas particles from the gas stream forms a unit which is arranged by itself, but not at all with the generating furnace, and the individual parallel passages are formed for the rising gas guided by the cyclone, the reaction chamber You can do it inside.

Claims (1)

By separating the particles contained in the gas rising from the fluidized bed by centrifugal action in the reaction chamber, the separated particles are separated in producing gas from the solid fuel by gasifying using a gasifier in the reaction chamber equipped with the fluidized bed. A method for producing gas from a solid fuel, characterized in that it is introduced into a gasification agent of a stream and simultaneously gasified separately from the fluidized bed.

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