KR20230161008A - Triboelectric nanogenerator using film capacitor and operating method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a triboelectric generator using a film capacitor and a method of operating the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a positively charged portion located at one end in the circumferential direction, a negatively charged portion located at the other end, and the positively charged portion an external cylinder having electrode portions connected to both ends between the negatively charged parts; an inner cylinder whose outer surface is in contact with each of the inner surfaces of the outer cylinder and is rotatable, and which are disposed at opposing positions with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the outer cylinder; a film capacitor provided on the outer surface of the inner cylinder; and a rotation applying member that causes each of the inner cylinders to rotate while being in contact with the inner surface of the outer cylinder.

Description

Triboelectric nanogenerator using film capacitor and operating method thereof}

The present invention relates to a triboelectric generator using a film capacitor and a method of operating the same.

TENG (triboelectric nanogenerator) is an energy harvesting method that can convert ambient mechanical energy into electricity based on a combination of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction. TENG is attracting attention due to its low cost, simple design, light weight, and high applicability, and has the potential to be used as an eco-friendly power source in the future. Despite their various advantages, conventional TENGs can only generate low current outputs of a few micros to milliamps. This represents a major limitation to these TENGs and their potential uses. Accordingly, energy management systems (EMS) for TENGs that use switches such as contact separation, vibration, and electronic switches as power sources are being studied. EMS circuits (including various switches) can accumulate electric charges due to mechanical movement and immediately release the charged energy, thereby increasing the utilization of electrical energy produced by TENGs. Additionally, by including converters such as series-parallel switched capacitors, inductive transformers, and inductors, the EMS circuit can effectively convert the high-voltage and low-current output of the TENG into electrical output at lower voltage and higher current output.

However, even though EMS circuits can effectively convert the electrical output generated by TENGs, conventional electronics require higher power, so TENGs must operate in environments with excessive mechanical inputs at high pressures or rotational speeds. This high-speed mechanical input can reduce the overall efficiency of the device and cause friction damage, which can significantly reduce electrical output because the TENG requires friction between materials.

Additionally, since the EMS circuit is designed for TENG devices with limited current output, the EMS circuit must include numerous electronic components such as capacitors and rectifiers to enable connection to electronic devices. Ultimately, electrical losses are expected because the EMS circuits used in TENGs are complex to match the power levels of existing electronics and connect these various components to a generator. Therefore, there is a need to develop innovative TENGs that include electrical components that can produce adequate power even with low mechanical input and can be used as a primary power source by reducing losses in the EMS circuit.

Japanese registered patent JP 5994347 Republic of Korea registered patent 10-1984865 Republic of Korea Open Patent 10-2021-0018836 Republic of Korea registered patent 10-2384264

Therefore, the present invention was developed to solve the above-described conventional problems. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a film capacitor-based charge carrier cylinder that rotates inside the device can be used to generate high output. The purpose is to provide a charge carrier TENG (FCC-TENG).

According to an embodiment of the invention, the FCC-TENG produces significantly higher peak open circuit voltage (VOC) and peak closed circuit current (ICC) output at approximately 5000 V and 10 A because the film capacitor wraps around the cylinder and acts as a charge carrier. The purpose is to provide a triboelectric generator using a film capacitor and its operating method.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, each of the film capacitor-based cylinders rotates and comes into contact with the charge collection electrode, and friction and wear can be effectively reduced due to the rotating film capacitor and rolling motion inside the FCC-TENG, and the film capacitor The purpose is to provide a triboelectric generator using a film capacitor and a method of operating the same, which can be operated as a spark switch without an external capacitor or rectifier.

And according to an embodiment of the present invention, external devices can be directly connected and used, can be easily optimized using a simple EMS circuit, and can also be used in multiple power supply circuits. As a result, FCC-TENG can be used with 12 commercial 5W light emitting diodes. The purpose is to provide a triboelectric generator using a film capacitor and its operating method, which can turn on (LED), continuously supply power to electric devices, and charge a lithium-ion battery (LIB).

Meanwhile, the technical problems to be achieved in the present invention are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly apparent to those skilled in the art from the description below. It will be understandable.

The first object of the present invention is a triboelectric generator, which includes a positively charged portion located at one end in the circumferential direction, a negatively charged portion located at the other end, and each end connected between the positively charged portion and the negatively charged portion. An external cylinder having an electrode portion; an inner cylinder whose outer surface is in contact with each of the inner surfaces of the outer cylinder and is rotatable, and which are disposed at opposing positions with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the outer cylinder; A film capacitor provided on the outer surface of the inner cylinder; and a rotation applying member that causes each of the inner cylinders to rotate while being in contact with the inner surface of the outer cylinder. It can be achieved as a triboelectric generator using a film capacitor.

And the film capacitor includes a first electrode layer provided on the outer surface of the inner cylinder, a polymer film provided on the outer surface of the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer provided on the outer surface of the polymer film, and rotates by rubbing against the negatively charged portion. The film capacitor of the inner cylinder may accumulate positive charges, and the film capacitor of the inner cylinder that rotates by rubbing against the positively charged portion may accumulate negative charges.

In addition, when the film capacitor in which the positive charge is accumulated and the film capacitor in which the negative charge is accumulated are in contact with the electrode part, power may be produced by a potential difference.

And the electrode portions at both ends are provided at opposite positions, so that the film capacitor in which the positive charge is accumulated and the film capacitor in which the negative charge is accumulated are simultaneously in contact with each of the electrode portions at both ends, and a spark gap connected to the electrode portion at both ends is further formed. It may be characterized as including.

In addition, the spark gap includes a metal sphere connected to each of the electrode parts at both ends and an air gap in the space between the pair of metal spheres. When the potential difference exceeds the air breakdown voltage, electrostatic discharge (ESD) occurs and peak power is periodically generated. It can be characterized by producing.

Additionally, the negatively charged portion may be composed of PTFE, the positively charged portion may be composed of nylon, and the polymer film may be composed of polystyrene.

A second object of the present invention is a method of operating a triboelectric generator, comprising the steps of rotating the outer surface of each inner cylinder against the inner surface of the outer cylinder through a rotation applying member of the triboelectric generator according to the first object mentioned above; The film capacitor of the inner cylinder, which is rotated by rubbing against the negatively charged part, accumulates positive charges, and the film capacitor of the inner cylinder, which is rotated by rubbing against the positively charged part, accumulates negative charges; And the electrode portions at both ends are provided at opposite positions, so that the film capacitor in which the positive charge is accumulated and the film capacitor in which the negative charge is accumulated are simultaneously contacted with each of the electrode portions at both ends, thereby producing power by a potential difference. This can be achieved as a method of operating a triboelectric generator using a film capacitor.

And the spark gap includes a metal sphere connected to each of the electrode parts at both ends and an air gap in the space between the pair of metal spheres. When the potential difference exceeds the air breakdown voltage, electrostatic discharge (ESD) occurs and peak power is periodically generated. It can be characterized by producing.

A third object of the present invention is a triboelectric generator, comprising: film capacitors provided on a substrate and spaced apart from each other at a specific interval; And a charged material portion having a positively charged portion located at one end in a horizontal direction and a negatively charged portion connected to the positive charged portion at the other end; When the charged material portion is contacted and separated from the film capacitor, Triboelectric charging using a film capacitor, characterized in that the film capacitor that is in contact with and separated from the positively charged part accumulates negative charges, and the film capacitor that is in contact with and separated from the negatively charged part accumulates positive charges and produces power by potential difference. This can be achieved as a generator.

In the third object of the present invention, the film capacitor includes a first film capacitor provided at a position opposite to the negatively charged part, spaced apart from the first film capacitor at a specific distance, and located at a position opposite to the positive charge part. Includes a second film capacitor provided in, wherein each of the first and second film capacitors includes a first electrode layer provided on the outer surface of the substrate, a polymer film provided on the outer surface of the first electrode layer, and a polymer film provided on the outer surface of the polymer film. It may include a second electrode layer, wherein the first film capacitor in contact with and separated from the negatively charged portion accumulates positive charges, and the second film capacitor in contact with and separated from the positively charged portion accumulates negative charges. there is.

In the third object of the present invention, it further includes a spark gap connected between the first film capacitor and the second film capacitor, wherein the spark gap includes a metal sphere connected to each of the first and second film capacitors, It may include an air gap in the space between a pair of metal spheres, and may be characterized by electrostatic discharge (ESD) when the potential difference exceeds the air breakdown voltage to periodically produce peak power.

The fourth object of the present invention is a triboelectric generator, which includes a film capacitor provided on a substrate; and a positively charged portion located at one end in a horizontal direction and in contact with the film capacitor, a negatively charged portion located at the other end and in contact with the film capacitor, and provided between the negatively charged portion and the positive charged portion and each other. A charged material portion having a pair of electrode portions spaced apart at a specific interval; and when the charged material portion or the substrate is rotated, a film capacitor that is in contact with and rubs with the positively charged portion accumulates negative charges, and the negatively charged portion accumulates negative charges. A film capacitor that is in contact with a part and is rubbed can be achieved as a triboelectric generator using a film capacitor, which is characterized by accumulating positive charges.

In the fourth object of the present invention, when each of the film capacitor in which positive charges are accumulated and the film capacitor in which negative charges are accumulated is in contact with the electrode part, power may be produced by a potential difference.

In the fourth object of the present invention, it further includes a spark gap connected between the pair of electrode parts, wherein the spark gap includes a metal sphere connected to each of the pair of electrode parts and a space between the pair of metal spheres. It includes an air gap, and may be characterized in that when the potential difference exceeds the air breakdown voltage, electrostatic discharge (ESD) occurs and peak power is periodically produced.

In the fourth object of the present invention, the film capacitor includes a first electrode layer provided on the outer surface of the substrate, a polymer film provided on the outer surface of the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer provided on the outer surface of the polymer film. It can be characterized.

In the first, third, and fourth objects of the present invention, the film capacitor has a lower flat portion and a vertical connecting end bent and connected to one end of the lower flat end, and the other end is connected to the upper end of the vertical connecting end. It may be characterized by being composed of an electrode part having an upper flat end, a polymer film whose lower surface is in contact with the lower flat end and whose upper surface is in contact with the upper flat end of another electrode part.

According to the film capacitor-based charge carrier TENG (FCC-TENG) according to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to generate high output by using a film capacitor-based charge carrier cylinder rotating inside the device.

According to the triboelectric generator using a film capacitor and its operating method according to an embodiment of the present invention, since the film capacitor wraps around the cylinder and acts as a charge carrier, the FCC-TENG has a fairly high peak open circuit voltage (at about 5000V and 10A). VOC) and peak closed circuit current (ICC) output.

In addition, according to the triboelectric generator using a film capacitor and its operating method according to an embodiment of the present invention, each film capacitor-based cylinder rotates and comes into contact with the charge collection electrode, and in a rolling motion with the rotating film capacitor inside the FCC-TENG. This effectively reduces friction and wear, and the film capacitor has the effect of operating as a spark switch without an external capacitor or rectifier.

And according to the triboelectric generator using a film capacitor and its operating method according to an embodiment of the present invention, it can be used by directly connecting an external device, can be easily optimized using a simple EMS circuit, and can also be used in various power supply circuits. As a result, FCC-TENG can turn on 12 commercial 5W light-emitting diodes (LEDs), continuously power electrical devices, and charge a lithium-ion battery (LIB).

Meanwhile, the effects that can be obtained from the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below. You will be able to.

The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and serve to further understand the technical idea of the present invention along with the detailed description of the invention, so the present invention is limited only to the matters described in such drawings. It should not be interpreted as such.
1 is a perspective view of a triboelectric generator using a film capacitor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a flow chart of the operating method of the triboelectric generator using a film capacitor according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a triboelectric generator using a film capacitor according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 4 is a graph of the electrical output voltage and current generated from the triboelectric generator using a film capacitor according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 5a is a photograph of a substrate with a film capacitor attached according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 5b is a photograph of the charging material portion in contact with the upper surface of the film capacitor in Figure 5a;
Figure 6 is a graph of electrical output voltage and current generated according to the third embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 7a is a perspective view of a film capacitor structure according to another embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 7b is a cross-sectional view of a film capacitor structure according to another embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 8 shows (a) a perspective view and (b) a schematic diagram of the FCC cylinder of a film capacitor-based charge carrier triboelectric nanogenerator (FCC-TENG) according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and (c) electrostatic discharge (ESD) in the spark gap. Generation (scale bar: 5 mm) (d) VOC and (e) ICC output. (f) Circuits operable by FCC-TENG;
Figure 9 shows (a) a schematic diagram of an FCC capable of accumulating charges by rolling on PTFE and nylon with the working mechanism and output of the FCC-TENG (b) a long-exposure (for 30 seconds) photograph of the ESD generation from the FCC to the electrode ( Scale bar: 1 cm) (c) Schematic diagram of charge transfer from FCC to spark gap (d) FCC-TENG photo (scale bar: 2 cm) (e) VOC and (f) ICC output without and with spark gap.
Figure 10 shows (a) ESD at different spark gap distances (scale bar: 5 mm). Schematic diagram of (b) FCC electron transfer and (c) potential difference in spark gap (d) VOC of FCC-TENG at different spark gap distances (e) ICC output at spark gap distances of 0.5 mm and 3 mm (f) 0.5 mm and different peak frequencies (g) by FCC-TENG at a spark gap distance of 3 mm. VRMS of FCC-TENG at different spark gap distances,
Figure 11 shows (a) VOC and (b) VRMS plots of the FCC-TENG at different rotational speeds (c) ESD pictures between the spark gap at rotational speeds of 100 rpm (revolutions per minute) and 1000 rpm (scale bar: 4 mm). d) Cross-section of the FCC-TENG (e) VOC and VRMS of the FCC-TENG based on different ratios of the electrode area to the total surface area of the outer cylinder (g) Schematic diagram of the FCC-TENG showing where triboelectric materials are used, ( h) VRMS of FCC-TENG when fixing one material with PTFE (i) fixing with nylon and changing the opposite material
Figure 12 shows the connection of an energy management system (EMS) to an FCC-TENG: (a) VRMS, (b) IRMS, (c) RMS power of FCC-TENG as a function of external load (d) FCC-TENG with EMS Schematic diagram and (e) photograph of the TENG (scale bar: 4 cm) (f) dependence of the charging rate of a commercial capacitor (100 μF) on the transformer turns ratio (g) stored energy of the capacitor as a function of capacitance (f) FCC-TENG with EMS Charging graph of a high capacity capacitor using .
Figure 13 shows the application of FCC-TENG to (a) a schematic diagram of various electrical circuits such as direct connection, energy supply circuit (ESC) and battery charging circuit, (b) 12 × 5 W light emitting diode (LED) and (c) FCC. 300 LEDs connected in parallel directly connected (d) FCC-TENG with ESC using 1 mF capacitor and (e) charge/discharge graph obtained by powering a thermo-hygrometer (f) battery charging circuit to turn on the radio and turn it on FCC-TENG (g) Charging graph for a 90mAh capacity lithium-ion battery based on FCC-TENG operation for 60 minutes.

The above objects, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be easily understood through the following preferred embodiments related to the attached drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be embodied in other forms. Rather, the embodiments introduced herein are provided so that the disclosed content will be thorough and complete and so that the spirit of the present invention can be sufficiently conveyed to those skilled in the art.

In this specification, when an element is referred to as being on another element, it means that it may be formed directly on the other element or that a third element may be interposed between them. Also, in the drawings, the thickness of components is exaggerated for effective explanation of technical content.

Embodiments described herein will be explained with reference to cross-sectional views and/or plan views, which are ideal illustrations of the present invention. In the drawings, the thicknesses of films and regions are exaggerated for effective explanation of technical content. Therefore, the shape of the illustration may be changed depending on manufacturing technology and/or tolerance. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific form shown, but also include changes in form produced according to the manufacturing process. For example, an area shown as a right angle may be rounded or have a shape with a predetermined curvature. Accordingly, the regions illustrated in the drawings have properties, and the shapes of the regions illustrated in the drawings are intended to illustrate a specific shape of the region of the device and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In various embodiments of the present specification, terms such as first and second are used to describe various components, but these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are merely used to distinguish one component from another. Embodiments described and illustrated herein also include complementary embodiments thereof.

The terminology used herein is for describing embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. As used herein, singular forms also include plural forms, unless specifically stated otherwise in the context. As used in the specification, 'comprises' and/or 'comprising' does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements.

In describing specific embodiments below, various specific details have been written to explain the invention in more detail and to aid understanding. However, a reader with sufficient knowledge in the field to understand the present invention can recognize that it can be used without these various specific details. In some cases, it is mentioned in advance that when describing the invention, parts that are commonly known but are not significantly related to the invention are not described in order to prevent confusion without any reason in explaining the invention.

Hereinafter, a triboelectric generator using a film capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention and its operating method will be described.

First, Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a triboelectric generator using a film capacitor according to the first embodiment of the present invention. And Figure 2 shows a flow chart of the operating method of the triboelectric generator using a film capacitor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

The triboelectric generator 100 using a film capacitor according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes an external cylinder 10, a plurality of internal cylinders 20, a film capacitor 30 provided on the outer surface of the internal cylinder 20, It is composed of a rotation applying member 80, etc.

The external cylinder 10 includes a negatively charged portion (3), an electrode portion (4), and a positively charged portion (2). That is, the negatively charged portion 3, the electrode portion 4, the positively charged portion 2, and the electrode portion 4 are sequentially connected in the circumferential direction to have a cylindrical shape.

As shown in Figure 1, a positively charged portion (2) located at one end in the circumferential direction and composed of an arc-shaped cross section, and a negatively charged portion (3) located at the other end and composed of an arc-shaped cross section. They are placed in positions opposite to each other. And, the electrode portion 4 is connected to both ends between the positively charged portion 2 and the negatively charged portion 3.

The inner cylinder 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention is positioned so that its outer surface is in contact with each of the inner surfaces of the outer cylinder 10 and is rotatable, and is arranged in opposing positions with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the outer cylinder 10. do.

And a film capacitor 30 is provided on each outer surface of the inner cylinder 20. This film capacitor 30 includes a first electrode layer 31 provided on the outer surface of the inner cylinder 20, a polymer film 32 provided on the outer surface of the first electrode layer 31, and a first electrode layer 32 provided on the outer surface of the polymer film 32. It is composed of two electrode layers (33).

In an embodiment, the negatively charged part 3 may be made of PTFE, the positively charged part 2 may be made of nylon, the polymer film 32 may be made of polystyrene, and the inner cylinder 20 may be made of PMMA.

Additionally, the rotation applying member 80 allows each of the inner cylinders 20 to rotate while contacting the inner surface of the outer cylinder 10. That is, by the rotation applying member 80, each inner cylinder 20 rotates with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the outer cylinder 10, and at the same time, the outer surface contacts and rubs with the inner surface of the outer cylinder 10, thereby rotating in the direction of rotation. Each rotates in the opposite direction.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the rotation applying member 80 includes a central rotating shaft 81, a connecting member 82, a bearing storage portion 83, a bearing 84, and an internal cylinder connecting rotating shaft 45. It can be configured as follows.

The inner cylinder connection rotation shaft 85 is configured to protrude from the center point of the front surface of each inner cylinder, and each connection rotation shaft 85 is located at the center of the bearing storage portion 83. And a bearing 84 is provided between the bearing storage portion 83 and the connecting rotation shaft 85. And each of these bearing storage parts 83 has a structure connected to the central rotation axis 81 by a connecting member 82.

Therefore, when the central rotation axis 81 is rotated by an external force, each inner cylinder 20 rotates around the longitudinal central axis of the outer cylinder 10, and at the same time, the outer surface contacts the inner surface of the outer cylinder 10, causing friction. As it does so, it rotates in the direction opposite to its orbital direction (S1).

Due to this movement, the film capacitor 30 of the inner cylinder 20, which is rotated by rubbing against the negatively charged part 3, accumulates positive charge, and the film of the inner cylinder 20, which is rubbed and rotated by the positively charged part 2, accumulates positive charge. The capacitor 30 accumulates negative charges (S2).

And when the film capacitor 30 with accumulated positive charges and the film capacitor 30 with accumulated negative charges come into contact with the electrode part 4 (S3), power is produced by the potential difference. As shown in FIG. 1, the electrode portions 4 at both ends are provided at opposite positions, and the film capacitor 30 with accumulated positive charges and the film capacitor 30 with accumulated negative charges are connected to the electrode portions 4 at both ends. Each is touched at the same time.

It may also include a spark gap 50 connected to the electrode portions 4 at both ends. This spark gap 50 may include a metal sphere 51 connected to each of the electrode parts 4 at both ends, and an air gap 52 that is a space between the pair of metal spheres 51.

Therefore, whenever the film capacitor 30 in which positive charges are accumulated and the film capacitor 30 in which negative charges are accumulated simultaneously contact each of the electrode portions 4 at both ends, positive and negative charges are generated in each of the pair of metal spheres 51. is accumulated (S4) and a potential difference is generated between them, and when this potential difference exceeds the air breakdown voltage, electrostatic discharge (ESD) occurs and peak power is periodically produced (S5).

Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a triboelectric generator using a film capacitor according to a second embodiment of the present invention. And Figure 4 shows a graph of the electrical output voltage and current generated from the triboelectric generator using a film capacitor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

The triboelectric generator using a film capacitor according to the second embodiment of the present invention has the form of a plate-type triboelectric generator with contact separation input.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, a film capacitor 30 is provided on the substrate 1 and disposed at a specific distance from each other, a positively charged portion 2 is located at one end in a horizontal direction, and a positive electron is disposed at the other end. It is comprised of a charged material portion having a negatively charged charging portion (3) connected to the charging portion (2). Therefore, when the charged material portion is contacted and separated from the film capacitor 30, the film capacitor 30 that is in contact with and separated from the positively charged portion (2) accumulates negative charges, and the film that is in contact with and separated from the negatively charged portion (3) The capacitor 30 accumulates positive charges and produces power by potential difference.

As shown in FIG. 3, this film capacitor 30 is spaced a certain distance from the first film capacitor 60, which is provided in a position opposite to the negatively charged part 3, and It is configured to include a second film capacitor (70) provided at a position opposite to the positively charged part (2).

In addition, each of the first and second film capacitors 60 and 70 includes a first electrode layer 31 provided on the outer surface of the substrate 1, a polymer film 32 provided on the outer surface of the first electrode layer 31, and a polymer film ( 32) includes a second electrode layer 33 provided on the outer surface. The negatively charged part 3 may be made of PTFE, the positively charged part 2 may be made of nylon, and the polymer film 32 may be made of polystyrene.

Accordingly, the first film capacitor 60, which is in contact with and separated from the negatively charged part 3, accumulates positive charges, and the second film capacitor 70, which is in contact with and separated from the positively charged part 2, accumulates negative charges.

Additionally, as shown in FIG. 3, it may include a spark gap 50 connected between the first film capacitor 60 and the second film capacitor 70. This spark gap 50 includes metal spheres 51 connected to each of the first and second film capacitors 60 and 70, and an air gap 52 in the space between the pair of metal spheres 51. Therefore, when the potential difference exceeds the air breakdown voltage, electrostatic discharge (ESD) occurs, allowing peak power to be produced periodically.

In other words, place two film capacitors separated from each other on the base, place a material that is easily negatively charged on one side of the charged material portion, which is the upper plane, and place a material that is easily positively charged on the other side, and then contact and separate the two planes. If ordered, output is generated. At this time, when the first electrode layers, which are the lower electrodes of the two film capacitors, are connected and a spark gap is connected between them, the generated output is amplified. As shown in Figure 4, the generated output is as follows, with a peak open-circuit voltage of up to 700 V and a peak closed-circuit current of up to 1.38 A.

Figure 5a shows a photograph of a substrate with a film capacitor attached according to a third embodiment of the present invention. And FIG. 5B shows a photograph of the charging material portion in contact with the upper surface of the film capacitor in FIG. 5A. Figure 6 shows a graph of the electrical output voltage and current generated according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the triboelectric generator 100 using a film capacitor according to the third embodiment of the present invention is provided with a film capacitor 30 on a disk-shaped substrate 1.

Then, the charged material portion comes into contact with the film capacitor 30, and the charged material portion or the substrate is rotated through the rotation application portion to generate mutual friction.

The charged material portion includes a positively charged portion (2) located at one end in a planar direction and in contact with the film capacitor 30, a negatively charged portion (3) located at the other end and in contact with the film capacitor 30, and a negatively charged portion It may be configured to have a pair of electrode portions (4) provided between the portion (3) and the positively charged portion (2) and spaced apart from each other at a specific interval. That is, the semicircular negatively charged portion 3 may be in contact with one side of the film capacitor 30 attached to the disc-shaped substrate 1, and the semicircular positively charged portion 2 may be in contact with the other side. There is a shape in which two separate electrode parts 4 are connected between the semicircular negatively charged part 3 and the positive charged part 2.

And when the charged material portion or the substrate is rotated, the film capacitor 30 that contacts and rubs with the positively charged portion (2) accumulates negative charges, and the film capacitor (30) that contacts and rubs with the negatively charged portion (3) accumulates negative charges. Positive charges accumulate.

And when the film capacitor 30 with accumulated positive charges and the film capacitor 30 with accumulated negative charges each come into contact with the electrode unit 4, power can be produced by the potential difference.

Additionally, a spark gap 50 may be connected between this pair of electrode portions 4. This spark gap 50 includes a metal sphere 51 connected to each of the pair of electrode parts 4, and an air gap 52 in the space between the pair of metal spheres 51, and the potential difference is the air gap. If the voltage is exceeded, electrostatic discharge (ESD) occurs and peak power is periodically produced.

FIG. 7A is a perspective view of a film capacitor structure according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of a film capacitor structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.

The film capacitor structure according to this other embodiment is composed of a stepped electrode portion 40 and a polymer film 32, and the stepped electrode portion 40 is located on one side of the lower flat portion 41 and the lower flat end portion 41. It has a form having a vertical connecting end 42 bent at the end, and an upper flat end 43 whose other end is connected to the upper end of the vertical connecting end 42. And the lower surface of the polymer film 32 is in contact with the lower flat end 41, and the upper surface is in contact with the upper flat end 43 of another electrode part.

That is, the film capacitor structure according to another embodiment makes the electrode touching one side of one polymer film inside the film capacitor equally touch one side of the other polymer film, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B. As a result, unlike the general film capacitor structure, an electron accumulation effect occurs on only one side, and when used in a triboelectric generator, the amount of power generation due to triboelectricity can be improved.

Hereinafter, actual manufacturing and experimental examples and results of the triboelectric charge generator (FCC-TENG) using a film capacitor according to the first embodiment of the present invention mentioned above will be described. What is mentioned below is a preferred experimental example, and the scope of rights is not limited thereto and the scope of rights should be interpreted in accordance with the claims.

The FCC-TENG according to the first embodiment of the present invention is composed of four parts, as shown in Figure 8a, an outer cylinder, four FCC cylinders, a joint between the other four FCC cylinders with bearings, and a spark gap. The outer cylinder is composed of a dielectric part (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)), a positive charge inducing part (nylon), and an electrode part (aluminum). In addition, as shown in Figure 8c, the FCC cylinder has a first electrode layer - polymer film ( Dielectric film (polystyrene) - based on a film capacitor structure where the second electrode layer covers a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) substrate cylinder.

When the joint rotates due to input rotation, the four inner cylinders also rotate individually within the outer cylinder while contacting the inner surface of the outer cylinder. When the film capacitor-based inner cylinder (hereinafter referred to as FCC) contacts the surface of PTFE or nylon, the polystyrene film inside the FCC is polarized by the surface charge of PTFE or nylon, causing charges to accumulate in the FCC. When two diagonally positioned FCCs simultaneously contact a charge collection electrode attached to the inner surface of the outer cylinder, all FCCs release their accumulated charge into the spark gap. This causes a large potential difference in the spark gap, resulting in electrostatic discharge (ESD) as shown in Figure 8c. As shown in Figures 8d and 8e, it can be seen that due to ESD, the FCC-TENG can generate high peak VOC and ICC outputs of up to 5000V and 15A, respectively. FCC-TENG can generate high-power output, so it can be easily used as a power source for various circuits. As shown in Figure 8f, the FCC-TENG can be directly connected to an external device or a simple EMS and can directly supply energy to various electronic devices or charge a battery.

Figures 9a to 9c show the working mechanism of FCC-TENG. When the FCC rolls on nylon, the positive surface charge on the nylon surface induces a negative charge on the outer surface of the FCC (Figure 9a-i). At the same time, the positive charge polarizes the dielectric film inside the FCC by the electric field. Therefore, the charge inside the FCC second electrode layer (external electrode layer) is polarized by the positive charge on the nylon surface and the polarized dielectric film inside the FCC. Based on this effect, FCC can accumulate negative charges by rolling on the nylon surface. Following the same mechanism with opposite charges, FCC can accumulate a positive charge when in contact with a PTFE surface. When the FCC rolls on the PTFE surface, the negative surface charge of the PTFE induces a positive charge on the outer FCC surface and polarizes the dielectric film (Figure 9a-ii). When the film is polarized, the FCC can roll on the PTFE surface and accumulate a positive charge on the outer surface. Therefore, when FCC rolls a positively charged material such as nylon, the FCC can accumulate negative charges on the surface, and when the FCC rolls a negatively charged material such as PTFE, the FCC can accumulate positive charges.

The charge accumulated in the FCC can be discharged when the FCC contacts the current collecting electrode of the outer cylinder (E1 and E2 in Figure 9c). Since the outer cylinder is designed as in Fig. 9a, when a clockwise rotation input is provided, the negatively charged FCC (Fig. 9a-i) contacts E1 and the positively charged FCC (Fig. 9a-ii) simultaneously contacts E2. . When each FCC touches E1 and E2, the positively charged FCC releases positive charge into the spark gap through E1, and the negatively charged FCC releases negative charge into the spark gap through E2. This process leads to the creation of ESD, as shown in Figure 9b, because the FCC can release the accumulated charge to E1 and E2 before the FCC contacts E1 and E2. When charge is transferred to the spark gap, a large potential difference occurs between the spark gaps (Figure 9c). This large potential difference causes ESD to occur within the air gap, ultimately producing high peak output.

Figure 9d shows a photograph of the FCC-TENG according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FCC-TENG contains a polyimide film between PTFE and FCC, which acts as a charge pump to generate the surface charge of nylon. When rotating at 200 revolutions per minute (RPM), the FCC-TENG can produce high peak VOC and ICC values of up to 5000 V and 15 A, respectively (Figures 9e and 2f). Additionally, as can be seen in Figures 9e and 2f, the FCC-TENG can produce much higher power than without a spark gap. FCC-TENG with a spark gap can induce large potential differences leading to high electrical output. However, even without a spark gap, FCC-TENG can produce a maximum VOC output equal to approximately 200V. This value is significantly lower compared to the VOC output of an FCC-TENG with a spark gap. This indicates that the spark gap plays an important role in generating high output power with FCC-TENG.

To clarify the role of the spark gap, the output of the FCC-TENG should be analyzed at various gap distances. Figure 10a shows ESD pictures in the spark gap at gap distances of 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm. As shown in Figure 10b, FCC-TENG emits positive and negative charges to each part of the spark gap. When the two metal spheres in the spark gap are connected (Figure 10c-i), the charge accumulated inside the FCC is removed by itself because there is no potential difference in the spark gap. Increasing the gap distance allows more charges to accumulate on the metal sphere due to air acting as a dielectric (Figure 10c-ii-iv). ESD occurs when the potential difference between the spark gap is higher than the air breakdown voltage. According to Paschen's law, the breakdown voltage (VB) can be expressed as follows.

[Equation 1]

where A, B and γ _se are constants and p is the pressure. d is the spacing distance. Considering that the FCC-TENG operates under the same ambient room pressure conditions, the air breakdown voltage between two metal spheres is determined by the gap distance. Therefore, as the gap distance increases, the breakdown voltage increases. As a result, FCC-TENG can produce higher peak power when the spark gap distance increases. Figure 10d shows the VOC of the FCC-TENG measured at different spacing distances at relative humidity (RH) ranging from 15% to 20%. When the spark gap is connected, the FCC-TENG can only produce a VOC output equivalent to nearly 200V. However, when gap distances of 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, and 4mm are utilized, FCC-TENG produces average peak VOC outputs of 872V, 1624V, 3151V, 4254V, and 6295V, respectively. The peak VOC results show a linear increase with gap distance, with a value of peak voltage divided by gap distance of approximately 1.6 kV/mm. Therefore, these results indicate that an FCC-TENG with a spark gap can produce a peak VOC output similar to the breakdown voltage of air. Additionally, as shown in Figure 10e, the ICC of the FCC-TENG with a spark gap of 3 mm is higher than that of the FCC-TENG with a spark gap of 0.5 mm, indicating that the total power output increases with the spark gap distance.

As shown in Figure 10f, FCC-TENG can produce low peak VOC with a small spark gap distance, but the frequency of peak voltage increases by reducing the gap distance. At the same rotational input of 100 RPM, the FCC-TENG with a spark gap of 0.5 mm and 3 mm produces a 46 Hz peak VOC output of approximately 1000 V and a 6 Hz peak VOC output of approximately 3200 V, respectively. As the breakdown voltage decreases at a short distance in the spark gap, the charge accumulated in the FCC can easily be transferred through the spark gap, increasing the spark frequency. The frequency of peak power decreases at greater distances in the spark gap, but the root mean square (RMS) voltage (VRMS) increases as the spark gap distance increases from 0 to 2 mm (Figure 10g). When the spark gap distance is 3 mm, the VRMS is similar to the VRMS induced with a spark gap distance of 2 mm. Additionally, when the spark gap distance is 4 mm, the frequency of the spark decreases significantly, resulting in a decrease in VRMS. Since electrical energy loss occurs due to sparks such as ionization energy, electrical energy may decrease when ESD occurs. The electrical energy lost due to ESD is proportional to the distance of the spark gap, which affects the amount of energy lost, and the frequency of the ESD, which affects the frequency of loss. Given that the frequency of sparks increases as the spark gap distance decreases, there is a trade-off between spark gap distance and ESD frequency. As the gap distance increases, the RMS voltage increases due to lower frequencies, saving power losses. Nevertheless, as the spark gap distance increases beyond 4 mm, the electrical losses due to the gap distance exceed the losses saved by the lower frequency, producing a lower FCC-TENG output.

At a spark gap of 3 mm, the VOC and VRMS of the FCC-TENG increase up to 4000 V and 300 V, respectively, as the input rotation speed increases to 1000 RPM (Figures 11a and 11b). During the rotation process, rotation speeds of 100 RPM and 1000 RPM generate electrostatic discharge in the spark gap, as shown in Figure 4c. Compared to an input of 100 RPM, an input of 1000 RPM contributes to a higher VRMS output.

Figure 11d shows a cross-section of the FCC-TENG. Here, L1 represents the arc length of the electrode part and L2 represents the arc length of nylon and PTFE. As can be seen in Figure 11e, the VOC output of the FCC-TENG is greatly affected by the surface area (L2 region) of the internal dielectric material due to the limitation on the surface charge amount of each dielectric material. Since the amount of surface charge is proportional to the surface area of the dielectric material, as the area of the electrode (area of L1) increases, the number of voltage peaks generated decreases. Figure 11f shows the change in VRMS of the FCC-TENG as a function of electrode area ratio. When the electrode area ratio exceeds 80%, it decreases rapidly, showing that the number of peaks also decreases rapidly. This indicates that the potential difference during FCC-TENG operation is generated by the surface potential of the dielectric material inside the FCC-TENG.

Since the output of the FCC-TENG is affected by the surface charge of the dielectric material used, the electrical output was measured based on the dielectric material (Figure 11g). When one side of the FCC-TENG (M1) was fixed with PTFE (Figure 11h), one of the representative negatively charged materials, the VRMS of the FCC-TENG yielded a value of less than 1 V, similar to the other side. FCC-TENG(M2) was also PTFE. Higher VRMS values are obtained if the materials in M2 are relatively positively charged materials such as polystyrene, paper, and nylon. When one side of the FCC-TENG is fixed with nylon (Figure 11i), the FCC-TENG yields low VRMS when there is a positively charged material on the other side of the FCC-TENG, whereas higher VRMS is achieved when PTFE is used on the other side. A value has been created. This indicates that the FCC-TENG produces higher electrical output as the potential difference between the two surface charges increases.

Figures 12a and 12b show the electrical output of the FCC-TENG with an external load of 10 to 100 MΩ. As shown in Figure 12a, VRMS increases as the load resistance increases. As can be seen in the inset of Figure 12a, the VOC peak increases in a similar manner to VRMS. Conversely, the RMS current (IRMS) decreases until the load resistance reaches 500 Ω and remains relatively constant even as the load resistance increases to 100 MΩ (Figure 12b). This result contradicts the electrical output results obtained from conventional TENGs. However, similar results have been reported for TENGs using metal-to-metal contact or ESD. Based on existing literature, these results appear to be due to ESD between electrodes, but additional research is needed to analyze the exact cause of this current output. With IRMS values maintained even when the external load increased, the RMS power generated by the FCC-TENG increased up to 380 mW when the external load was 100 MΩ.

To effectively store the generated energy, the FCC-TENG can be connected to a simple EMS consisting of a transformer and a rectifier (Figure 12d). Figure 12e shows a photograph of the FCC-TENG connected to the spark gap, transformer and rectifier. The generated power can be stored in conventional capacitors or LIB batteries. Since the inductance of the EMS is related to the number of coils inside the transformer, the charging time of the FCC-TENG was compared according to the number of coils (Figure 5f). The capacitor connected to the EMS was charged with FCC-TENG at 3000 turns (100 μF, primary winding, N1). As the number of turns of the secondary winding (N2) increased to 120, the charging speed of the FCC-TENG also increased. Figure 12g shows the energy stored in another capacitor over 5 seconds. The total energy W can be explained as follows.

[Equation 2]

Where C is the capacitance and V is the voltage across the capacitor. According to this equation, FCC-TENG can store up to 1.28mJ of energy in a 22μF capacitor. As the higher capacitance of the capacitor is connected, the stored energy decreases. This result shows that the optimal load capacitance matching the impedance of the TENG can store the maximum energy. Although the stored energy is lower than the optimal load capacitance, the stored energy can be utilized in a variety of conventional electronic devices. Based on the FCC-TENG output, the mFD (millifarad) capacitor can also be charged as shown in Figure 12h. The FCC-TENG was able to charge a 10mF capacitor to 1V when operated for 40 seconds.

The FCC-TENG produces a high-power output from low input and can be operated by hand. Additionally, due to the high output power of FCC-TENG, it can be used as a main power source when connected to various electrical circuits, such as the three types of circuits shown in Figure 13a. Figure 6a-i shows the circuit diagram when the FCC-TENG is directly connected to an external device, which can be used without other circuits and components. Figures 6b and 6c show photographs of an FCC-TENG used to illuminate 12 commercial 5W LED lamps connected in series and 300 LEDs connected in parallel. This LED lights up when an ESD occurs in the spark gap. Additionally, the FCC-TENG can be connected to an EMS that can energize existing electronic devices and battery charging circuits. Figures 13a-ii and iii and Figure 13d show the FCC-TENG connected to an energy supply circuit (ESC) to power a commercial sensor with a liquid crystal device screen. As shown in Figure 13e, the ESC was used to charge a 1mF capacitor to 1.72V in 20 seconds. The charged capacitor was able to power a commercial thermohygrometer for 33 seconds, which is longer than it takes to charge the capacitor. Figures 13a-iii show the circuit diagram of the battery charging circuit and Figure 13f shows the experimental setup used to turn on the radio with the battery charging circuit. As can be seen in Figure 13g, a LIB with a capacity of 90 mAh can be charged from 2.84 V to 2.94 V after 60 minutes of operation. Additionally, this charged battery could power the radio for up to 90 seconds.

In addition, the apparatus and method described above are not limited to the configuration and method of the above-described embodiments, but all or part of each embodiment can be selectively combined so that various modifications can be made. It may be composed.

1:Substrate
2:Positively charged
3: All negative charge
4: Electrode part
10: External cylinder
20: Internal cylinder
30:Film capacitor
31: first electrode layer
32: Polymer film
33: Second electrode layer
40: Stepped electrode layer
41: Bottom flat end
42: Vertical connection end
43: Upper flat end
50:Spark gap
51:Metal ball
52: air gap
60: First film capacitor
70: Second film capacitor
80: Rotation application member
81:Central rotation axis
82: Connection member
83: Bearing storage unit
84:Bearing
85: Internal cylinder connection rotation axis
100: Triboelectric generator using film capacitor

Claims (16)

As a triboelectric generator,
An external cylinder having a positively charged portion located at one end in the circumferential direction, a negatively charged portion located at the other end, and an electrode portion connected to both ends between the positive charge portion and the negative charge portion;
an inner cylinder whose outer surface is in contact with each of the inner surfaces of the outer cylinder and is rotatable, and which are disposed at opposing positions with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the outer cylinder;
A film capacitor provided on the outer surface of the inner cylinder; and
A triboelectric generator using a film capacitor, comprising a rotation applying member that causes each of the inner cylinders to rotate while being in contact with the inner surface of the outer cylinder.
According to clause 1,
The film capacitor includes a first electrode layer provided on the outer surface of the inner cylinder, a polymer film provided on the outer surface of the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer provided on the outer surface of the polymer film,
A triboelectric generator using a film capacitor, characterized in that the film capacitor of the inner cylinder, which is rotated by rubbing against the negatively charged part, accumulates positive charges, and the film capacitor of the inner cylinder, which is rotated by rubbing against the positively charged part, accumulates negative charges. .
According to clause 2,
A triboelectric generator using a film capacitor, characterized in that power is produced by a potential difference when the film capacitor in which the positive charge is accumulated and the film capacitor in which the negative charge is accumulated are in contact with the electrode part.
According to clause 3,
The electrode portions at both ends are provided at opposite positions, so that the film capacitor in which the positive charge is accumulated and the film capacitor in which the negative charge is accumulated are simultaneously in contact with each of the electrode portions at both ends,
A triboelectric generator using a film capacitor, further comprising a spark gap connected to the electrode portions at both ends.
According to clause 4,
The spark gap includes a metal sphere connected to each of the electrode portions at both ends and an air gap in the space between the pair of metal spheres,
A triboelectric generator using a film capacitor, characterized in that when the potential difference exceeds the air breakdown voltage, electrostatic discharge (ESD) occurs and peak power is periodically produced.
According to clause 2,
A triboelectric generator using a film capacitor, wherein the negatively charged part is made of PTFE, the positively charged part is made of nylon, and the polymer film is made of polystyrene.
As a method of operating a triboelectric generator,
A step of rotating the outer surface of each inner cylinder against the inner surface of the outer cylinder through the rotation applying member of the triboelectric generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6;
The film capacitor of the inner cylinder, which is rotated by rubbing against the negatively charged part, accumulates positive charges, and the film capacitor of the inner cylinder, which is rotated by rubbing against the positively charged part, accumulates negative charges; and
The electrode portions at both ends are provided at opposite positions, and the film capacitor in which the positive charge is accumulated and the film capacitor in which the negative charge is accumulated are simultaneously brought into contact with each of the electrode portions at both ends, thereby producing power by a potential difference. A method of operating a triboelectric generator using a film capacitor.
According to clause 7,
The spark gap includes a metal sphere connected to each of the electrode parts at both ends and an air gap in the space between the pair of metal spheres. When the potential difference exceeds the air breakdown voltage, electrostatic discharge (ESD) occurs and peak power is periodically generated. A method of operating a triboelectric generator using a film capacitor, characterized in that the production.
As a triboelectric generator,
Film capacitors provided on a substrate and spaced apart from each other at specific intervals; and
A charged material portion having a positively charged portion located at one end in a horizontal direction and a negatively charged portion connected to the positive charged portion at the other end,
When the charged material portion is brought into contact with and separated from the film capacitor, the film capacitor that is in contact with and separated from the positively charged portion accumulates negative charges, and the film capacitor that is in contact with and separated from the negatively charged portion accumulates positive charges, resulting in a potential difference. A triboelectric generator using a film capacitor that produces electricity.
According to clause 9,
The film capacitor is,
A first film capacitor provided at a position opposite the negatively charged part, and a second film capacitor spaced apart from the first film capacitor at a specific distance and provided at a position opposite the positive charged part,
Each of the first and second film capacitors includes a first electrode layer provided on an outer surface of the substrate, a polymer film provided on an outer surface of the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer provided on an outer surface of the polymer film,
A triboelectric generator using a film capacitor, characterized in that a first film capacitor that contacts and separates from the negatively charged portion accumulates positive charges, and a second film capacitor that contacts and separates from the positively charged portion accumulates negative charges.
According to clause 10,
Further comprising a spark gap connected between the first film capacitor and the second film capacitor,
The spark gap includes a metal sphere connected to each of the first and second film capacitors, and an air gap in the space between the pair of metal spheres,
A triboelectric generator using a film capacitor, characterized in that when the potential difference exceeds the air breakdown voltage, electrostatic discharge (ESD) occurs and peak power is periodically produced.
As a triboelectric generator,
A film capacitor provided on the substrate; and
A positively charged portion located at one end in a horizontal direction and in contact with the film capacitor, a negatively charged portion located at the other end and in contact with the film capacitor, and provided between the negatively charged portion and the positive charged portion, and having specific characteristics to each other. It includes a charging material portion having a pair of electrode portions spaced apart from each other,
When the charged material portion or the substrate is rotated, the film capacitor that is in contact with and rubbed against the positively charged portion accumulates negative charges, and the film capacitor that is in contact with and rubbed against the negatively charged portion accumulates positive charges. Triboelectric generator using a capacitor.
According to clause 12,
A triboelectric generator using a film capacitor, characterized in that power is produced by a potential difference when each of the film capacitor in which the positive charge is accumulated and the film capacitor in which the negative charge is accumulated is in contact with the electrode portion.
According to clause 13,
Further comprising a spark gap connected between the pair of electrode portions,
The spark gap includes a metal sphere connected to each of the pair of electrode parts and an air gap in the space between the pair of metal spheres,
A triboelectric generator using a film capacitor, characterized in that when the potential difference exceeds the air breakdown voltage, electrostatic discharge (ESD) occurs and peak power is periodically produced.
According to clause 14,
The film capacitor is a triboelectric device using a film capacitor, characterized in that it includes a first electrode layer provided on the outer surface of the substrate, a polymer film provided on the outer surface of the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer provided on the outer surface of the polymer film. generator.
According to paragraph 1, 9 or 12
The film capacitor is
An electrode portion having a lower flat portion and a vertical connecting end bent and connected to one end of the lower flat end, and an upper flat end whose other end is connected to the upper end of the vertical connecting end, the lower surface contacting the lower flat end and the upper surface A triboelectric generator using a film capacitor, characterized in that it consists of a polymer film in contact with the upper flat end of another electrode part.

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