CN113541524B - A triboelectric nanogenerator based on levitation-slip charge self-excitation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a friction nano generator based on suspension sliding type charge self-excitation, which comprises a TENG and a charge self-excitation system, wherein the charge self-excitation system is used for generating an excitation voltage so as to accumulate TENG charges; the TENG comprises a stator and a rotor, and an air gap exists between the stator and the rotor; the output end of the stator is connected with the input end of the charge self-excitation system, and the output end of the charge self-excitation system is connected with the input end of the rotor. The output charges are continuously and automatically increased through positive feedback between the rotor electrode and the stator electrode so as to improve the output power, and meanwhile, through the design of a suspension structure, the problem of contact wear is effectively avoided, and the service life of a device is prolonged.

Description

A self-excited triboelectric nanogenerator based on levitation-slip charge

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of generators, in particular to a self-excited triboelectric nanogenerator based on a suspension slip type electric charge.

Background technique

The application of distributed energy has attracted widespread attention from all over the world. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on the coupling effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction has been proved to be a more effective strategy for distributed energy harvesting, such as in the collection of mechanical energy such as human motion, breeze, vibration, etc., which can be used for personal/small Electronic devices provide energy. Due to the outstanding advantages of low cost, simple structure, diverse materials, flexibility and adaptability, TENG has shown great application potential in biosensing, artificial intelligence, high-voltage applications, and blue energy.

In the process of practical application and commercialization of TENG, it is largely restricted by low output power, and the output power of TENG is quadratically proportional to its tribosurface charge density. For sliding TENG, contact friction will lead to heat loss and wear on the friction surface, thereby reducing the surface charge density of TENG and affecting its output performance. Generally, interface lubricating oil is added to delay wear, but it cannot be effectively avoided, and the driving force increases, which is not conducive to the collection of micro energy. The non-contact levitation-slip mode TENG with high durability and almost 100% theoretical conversion efficiency (zero friction loss) can easily harvest slight motion energy, showing the greatest potential of TENG in commercial processes. However, the pre-existing charges on the sensing medium layer of non-contact mode TENG will decay rapidly, resulting in very small output, so it is necessary to make the charge density and output power of non-contact TENG significantly improved by means of charge replenishment and automatic mode switching. However, it is still a big challenge between its current electrical output and the realization of practical application requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a new structural triboelectric nanogenerator with high durability and high output performance to achieve wider and more efficient micro-energy harvesting and application.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems of low durability and low output power of the triboelectric generator in the prior art, the present invention proposes a triboelectric nanogenerator based on the levitation slip type charge self-excitation, which is realized by the positive feedback between the mover electrode and the stator electrode The output charge increases continuously to increase the output power. At the same time, the design of the suspension structure can effectively avoid the problem of contact wear and prolong the service life of the device.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A triboelectric nanogenerator based on suspension slip type electric charge self-excitation, including TENG and electric charge self-excitation system, described electric charge self-excitation system is used for generating excitation voltage, thereby makes TENG charge accumulation; Said TENG includes stator and dynamic There is an air gap between the stator, the stator and the mover; the output of the stator is connected to the input of the charge self-excitation system, and the output of the charge self-excitation system is connected to the input of the mover.

Preferably, the mover includes a first hard substrate 1, a first insulating dielectric film 2 and a metal sensing electrode 3, and the first insulating dielectric film 1 and the metal sensing electrode 3 are respectively arranged on the first hard substrate 1. There is a gap between the lower surface and the first insulating dielectric film 2 and the metal sensing electrode 3 , and the lower surface of the metal sensing electrode 3 is also covered with a second insulating dielectric film 4 .

Preferably, the first insulating dielectric film 2 is made of electret material, and the second insulating dielectric film 4 is made of nylon film.

Preferably, the size of the second insulating dielectric film 4 is larger than the size of the metal sensing electrode 3 .

Preferably, the stator includes a second hard substrate 8, a first electrode 6, a second electrode 7 and a third insulating dielectric film 5, and the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 are respectively arranged on the second hard substrate 8. The upper surfaces, the upper surfaces of the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 are covered with a third insulating dielectric film 5 .

Preferably, the third insulating dielectric film 5 is a nylon film.

Preferably, the charge self-excitation system includes a series self-voltage doubler rectifier circuit and a high-voltage-resistant rectifier diode, and the specific circuit of the self-voltage doubler rectifier circuit is:

The first electrode on the stator is connected to one end of the first capacitor through the first input end, and the second electrode on the stator is respectively connected to the anode of the first diode and one end of the fourth capacitor through the second input end. The negative electrode of the pole tube is connected in parallel with the other end of the first capacitor, respectively connected with the positive electrode of the second diode and one end of the second capacitor, and the negative electrode of the second diode is connected in parallel with the other end of the fourth capacitor respectively with the third capacitor. The anode of the diode is connected to one end of the fifth capacitor, the cathode of the third diode is connected in parallel with the other end of the second capacitor, and is respectively connected to the anode of the fourth diode and one end of the third capacitor, and the fourth diode The cathode of the tube and the other end of the fifth capacitor are connected in parallel to the anode of the fifth diode, the cathode of the fifth diode and the other end of the third capacitor are connected in parallel to the anode of the rectifier diode, and the cathode of the rectifier diode is connected to output.

Preferably, the relationship between the excitation voltage generated by the charge self-excitation system and the TENG charge accumulation Q is as follows:

In formula (1), Q represents the charge accumulation of TENG; d1 is the distance between the second insulating dielectric film and the third insulating dielectric film, _ε0 is the vacuum permittivity; S is the area of the metal sensing electrode on the mover, _VE represents the excitation voltage generated by the charge self-excitation system.

Preferably, the TENG charge accumulation maximum charge density Q _Max satisfies:

In the formula (2), P represents the pressure of the gas; d2 is the distance between the second electrode on the stator and the metal induction electrode on the mover; _ε0 is the vacuum dielectric constant; S is the distance between the metal induction electrode on the mover Area; A and B are constants determined by the composition and pressure of the gas. When the standard atmospheric pressure is 101kPa, A is 2.87×105V(atm·m) ^-1 and B is 12.6.

Preferably, the arrangement between the stator and the mover includes a radial arrangement around the circumference, a linear arrangement or a curved arrangement, forming a frictional nanogenerator that can collect rotational or sliding energy.

In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention at least has the following beneficial effects:

The suspension-sliding charge self-excited friction generator of the present invention is novel and reasonable in design, simple in structure, low in cost and wide in applicable scenarios. The combination of floating-slip structure and self-voltage rectification circuit design enables the generator to quickly generate high excitation voltage and rapid charge accumulation; the insulating dielectric film on the electrode surface can effectively reduce the attenuation of charges on the electrode and avoid Air breakdown to achieve greater energy output.

Due to the design of the suspension structure, the contact friction resistance is greatly reduced, the energy conversion efficiency is improved, and there is no wear on the surface of the dielectric film, which maximizes the service life of the generator. The design of the mover and stator is flexible and variable, and can be transformed into a rotary type for direct collection of rotational energy, and the number and size of electrodes can be adjusted to meet different needs. The levitation-slip charge self-excited triboelectric generator can effectively collect the breeze energy in the environment in normal environments, and has certain potential in driving electronic equipment and self-powered systems.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-excited triboelectric nanogenerator based on levitation-slip charge according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a charge self-excitation system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of working charge accumulation of a triboelectric nanogenerator based on levitation-slip charge self-excitation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of dynamic output charge density curves under different working conditions of a triboelectric generator based on space charge accumulation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the structure of a rotary generator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the output performance of a triboelectric generator based on space charge accumulation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 shows the charge output of a triboelectric generator based on space charge accumulation driven by different wind speeds according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples and specific implementation methods. However, it should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments, and all technologies realized based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than Nothing indicating or implying that a referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed, and operate in a particular orientation should therefore not be construed as limiting the invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a triboelectric nanogenerator based on levitation-slip charge self-excitation, including a levitation-slip TENG with charge accumulation electrodes and a charge self-excitation system.

Among them, TENG includes a mover and a stator. The mover slides relative to the stator. The stator can be fixed and move. The rotor and the stator cooperate with each other to generate alternating current output by using the electrostatic induction effect to provide electric energy for the load.

The edges of the stator and the mover are provided with 0.35mm thick acrylic gaskets to form an air gap, thereby forming a floating sliding structure, which can effectively avoid contact wear and maximize the service life of the device. At the same time, due to the non-contact structure of the stator and the mover, the running resistance of TENG is small, and the driving force required is also small, which can be used to effectively collect the breeze energy in the environment.

The mover includes a first rigid substrate 1, a first insulating dielectric film 2 and a metal sensing electrode 3, the first insulating dielectric film 2 and the metal sensing electrode 3 are respectively arranged on the lower surface of the first rigid substrate 1 and the first There is a gap between the insulating dielectric film 2 and the metal sensing electrode 3 , and the lower surface of the metal sensing electrode 3 is also covered with a second insulating dielectric film 4 .

In this embodiment, the first insulating dielectric film 2 can be made of an electret material (such as polytetrafluoroethylene), which can store charges for a long time and provide initial charge for the charge self-excitation system.

The stator includes a second hard substrate 8, a first electrode 6, a second electrode 7 and a third insulating dielectric film 5. The first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 are electron pairs (there is a gap in the middle, such as 2mm), respectively located at The upper surface of the second hard substrate 8 , the upper surfaces of the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 are covered with a third insulating dielectric film 5 .

In this embodiment, the second insulating dielectric film 4 and the third insulating dielectric film 5 can be selected from dielectric films with poor charge storage capacity (such as nylon), so as to avoid the accumulation of charges on the films to form a high potential, thereby generating electrostatic shielding. The size of the second insulating dielectric film 4 should be larger than the size of the metal sensing electrode 3, and the size of the third insulating dielectric film 5 should be larger than the size of the electron pair formed by the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 to prevent edge air breakdown .

The output end of the first electrode 6 is connected to the first input end of the charge self-excitation system 9, the output end of the second electrode 7 is connected to the second input end of the charge self-excitation system 9, and the output end of the charge self-excitation system 9 is connected to The input end of the metal sensing electrode 3 of the mover. The first input terminal and the second input terminal are located on the same side, and the continuous growth of charge is realized by designing the connection mode of the two input terminals on the same side in the charge self-excitation system 9 .

As shown in Figure 2, the charge self-excitation system 9 includes a series self-voltage doubler rectification circuit and a rectifier diode:

The first input end is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1, the second input end is respectively connected to the anode of the first diode D1 and one end of the fourth capacitor C4, and the negative electrode of the first diode D1 is connected to the end of the first capacitor C1. The other end is connected in parallel with the anode of the second diode D2 and one end of the second capacitor C2 respectively, and the cathode of the second diode D2 and the other end of the fourth capacitor C4 are respectively connected in parallel with the anode of the third diode It is connected to one end of the fifth capacitor C5, the negative pole of the third diode is connected in parallel with the other end of the second capacitor, and is respectively connected to the positive pole of the fourth diode D4 and one end of the third capacitor C3, and the fourth diode The negative pole of D4 and the other end of the fifth capacitor C5 are connected in parallel to the positive pole of the fifth diode D5, and the negative pole of the fifth diode D5 and the other end of the third capacitor C3 are connected in parallel to the positive pole of the rectifier diode D6. The cathode of the rectifier diode D6 is connected to the output terminal. The rectifier diode D6 has a one-way conduction function, which can ensure that only one polarity of charge is continuously injected into the metal induction electrode 3 to achieve the effect of charge accumulation. The model of D1-D5 is 1N4007; the model of rectifier diode D6 is 2CL20KV; the capacitance of C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 is 2.2nF, but the capacitance can be changed. The smaller the capacitance value, the faster the excitation speed.

d1是第二绝缘介质膜和第三绝缘介质膜之间的距离，ε₀是真空介电常数；S是金属感应电极3的面积。由式可知，动子金属感应电极3上的电荷与自倍压整流电路的激励电压成正比，说明激励电压越大，动子的金属感应电极3上的电荷越大。In this embodiment, the self-voltage doubler rectifier circuit can select different numbers of units according to needs to achieve a faster charge increase (excitation) speed. The present invention is a self-voltage doubler rectifier circuit with two units. The relationship between the excitation voltage V _E of the self-voltage doubler rectifier circuit and the surface charge of the metal induction electrode 3 of the mover is as follows:

d1 is the distance between the second insulating dielectric film and the third insulating dielectric film, ε ₀ is the vacuum dielectric constant; S is the area of the metal sensing electrode 3 . It can be seen from the formula that the charge on the metal sensing electrode 3 of the mover is proportional to the excitation voltage of the self-voltage doubler rectifier circuit, indicating that the greater the excitation voltage, the greater the charge on the metal sensing electrode 3 of the mover.

In this embodiment, the metal sensing electrode 3 , the first electrode 6 , and the second electrode 7 may be metal material electrodes, or other non-metallic conductive materials such as conductive silica gel and ITO.

In this embodiment, there is an air gap between the stator and the mover (that is, the distance between the second insulating dielectric film and the third insulating dielectric film, the distance is d1), thereby forming a floating sliding structure, and using the electrostatic induction effect to generate electrical energy.

In this embodiment, the working process of the charge self-excitation system 9 in the periodical slipping process is shown in FIG. 3 .

In the initial state ( FIG. 3 a ), the first insulating dielectric film 2 injects less charge (for example, negative charge) in advance, and the voltage across the self-voltage doubler rectifier circuit (VMC) is zero. When the mover starts to run periodically, the potential difference between the stator poles leads to an AC output (Fig. 3b, Fig. 3c), and at the same time both ends of the VMC start to charge (for example, increase to Vo), and the output voltage increases with the running time Increase (for example, increase to 3Vo), the charge (positive charge) output from the charge self-excitation system 9 to the metal induction electrode 3 of the mover is also constantly accumulating. The charge initially injected into the first insulating dielectric film 2 on the mover is opposite to the charge on the metal sensing electrode 3, which can work together to induce the movement of electrons in the stator electrodes, and finally increase the induction output of the levitation-slip TENG. . After several cycles, the voltage at both ends of the VMC tends to be stable, the charge output to the metal sensing electrode 3 of the mover tends to be saturated, and the output reaches the maximum value (for example, increased to 5Vo), thereby realizing the charge self-excitation working mode, As shown in Figure 3d.

Figure 4 is a comparison of dynamic output charge density curves under four working conditions. Figure 4-① is the output charge density curve of the traditional non-contact TENG, and Figure 4-② is the output charge density curve of the TENG stator output connected to the self-voltage doubler rectifier circuit but without the rectifier diode D6. At this time, the positive and negative electrons will be simultaneously Injected into the metal induction electrode 3, and the self-voltage doubler rectification circuit will consume part of the energy, resulting in a drop in output; Figure 4-③ is the output charge density curve of the present invention, under the action of the rectifier diode D6, the surface charge of the metal induction electrode 3 The density rises rapidly to a stable value; Figure 4-④ shows that the curve drops rapidly to the initial value when the charge self-excitation system 9 of the present invention is turned off. Therefore, the suspension-slip electric charge self-excited generator designed in the present invention has a strong electric output capability.

P是气体的压强；d2是定子上的第二电极和动子上的金属感应电极之间的距离，ε₀是真空介电常数；S是金属感应电极3的面积；A和B是由气体的组成成分和压强决定的常数，标准大气压为101kPa时，A为2.87×105V(atm·m)^-1,B为12.6。显然，悬浮式TENG的最大电荷密度随着气隙的增大而减小。Relying on the automatic switching of the series-parallel state of the capacitor group in the charge self-excitation system 9 during the slipping process, the induced charge in the TENG will increase exponentially. For the suspended TENG, due to the existence of the air gap, air breakdown will occur between the mover and the stator, so there is a maximum charge density (Q _Max ) on the surface of the metal sensing electrode 3, which satisfies:

P is the pressure of the gas; d2 is the distance between the second electrode on the stator and the metal induction electrode on the mover, _ε0 is the vacuum dielectric constant; S is the area of the metal induction electrode 3; A and B are formed by the gas The constants determined by the composition and pressure, when the standard atmospheric pressure is 101kPa, A is 2.87×105V(atm·m) ^-1 , and B is 12.6. Obviously, the maximum charge density of the suspended TENG decreases with the increase of the air gap.

In this embodiment, the stator and the mover can be arranged radially, in a straight line or in a curve around the circumference to form a suspended charge self-excited friction generator that can collect rotational or sliding energy; the friction generator that collects rotational energy is shown in Figure 5 .

The base plate 15 of the mover and the stator can be an acrylic plate with an inner diameter, an outer diameter, and a thickness of 19mm, 210mm, and 4mm respectively, and the central circular hole is used for installing and connecting the rotating shaft. The sector electrode pairs 16 and 17 on the stator are all aluminum electrodes, the inner diameter, outer diameter, and radial angle of the electrode 16 are 72mm, 200mm, and 30° respectively, and the inner diameter, outer diameter, and radial angle of the electrode 17 are 70mm, 198mm, respectively , 30°, the gap between the electrodes 16 and 17 is 2 mm; the third dielectric film 5 is completely covered on the surface of the electrode pair by a 30 micron thick nylon film. On the mover, the inner diameter, outer diameter, and radial angle of the electrode 18 are 70mm, 198mm, and 30° respectively, and the thickness is 20 microns; the electrode 18 is covered with a third dielectric film 5; each independent insulating dielectric film 19 is The polytetrafluoroethylene film (PTFE) has a thickness of 50 microns, and the inner diameter, outer diameter, and radial angle of the insulating dielectric film 19 are 72mm, 200mm, and 30°, respectively. The stator and mover are connected by a shaft, and an additional brush is used to connect the excitation path and avoid winding problems.

In order to test the output performance of the generator of the present invention, a stepper motor was used to drive the generator at different speed modes, and a Keithley electrometer (Keithley 6514) and a high-speed electrostatic voltmeter (Trek model 370) were used to measure the output performance of the generator.

As shown in Figure 6: through charge self-excitation, the induced output charge of the suspension-slip triboelectric nanogenerator can reach 1 μC at a driving frequency of 300 rpm, and the effective charge density can reach 71.5 μC m-2 (Figure 6a), Figure 6b , Figure 6c is the corresponding output current and output voltage curves, which can reach 76μA and 470V respectively. Here, it needs to be explained that since the self-excitation process requires the existence of current in the loop, the voltage here is measured under an external 10MΩ load. Figure 6d shows the change of the output charge with the increase of the rotational speed. It can be seen that the transferred charge first increases and then decreases. This is because the charge excitation does not reach saturation in a short time when the rotational speed is low. When the rotational speed increases At this time, due to the imperfection of the manufacturing process, the centrifugal force and vertical vibration of the rotor also increase accordingly, resulting in an increase in the gap between the rotor and the stator, so the maximum output charge decreases with the increase of speed. In addition, under different external load resistances, the power of the generator at 300rpm is shown in Figure 6e, and the peak power at 30MΩ is 34.68mW. Figure 6f shows the charging capabilities of different capacitors. For example, a 100μF capacitor can be charged to 50V in 180s, a 220μF capacitor can be charged to 30V in 300s, a 470μF capacitor can be charged to 15V in 300s, and a 1mF capacitor can be charged to 5V in 300s. .

As shown in Figure 7, the generator of the present invention can be driven at a low wind speed of 3m/s, so it can be used to collect breeze energy. Figure 7a shows the charge output of the generator driven by different wind speeds, and the amount of transferred charge remains around 420nC; here it is different from the trend of motor drive, mainly because the corresponding rotational speed is still relatively low even at high wind speeds. In addition, the uneven force and large fluctuations of the wind force tend to cause large vertical vibrations, reducing the transfer charge at low speeds. Therefore, when driven by wind, due to the offset of the above two factors, the output charge of the levitation-slip charge self-excited triboelectric nanogenerator presents a constant trend. Figure 7b Under a resistance of 120MΩ, the generator achieved a peak power of 16.7mW at a wind speed of 7m/s.

In this embodiment, under the driving force of the wind speed of 5m/s, the suspension-sliding self-excited triboelectric generator lights up 912 series-connected green LED lights with a diameter of 5mm to emit relatively bright lights.

Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that the above-mentioned embodiments are specific examples for realizing the present invention, and in practical applications, various changes can be made to it in form and details without departing from the spirit and spirit of the present invention. scope.

Claims (8)

1. A triboelectric nanogenerator based on the self-excitation of suspension slip type charge, it is characterized in that, comprises stator, mover and charge self-excitation system, there is air gap between stator and mover; Described charge self-excitation system comprises A self-voltage doubler rectifier circuit and a rectifier diode connected in series; The mover includes a first hard substrate (1), a first insulating dielectric film (2) and a metal sensing electrode (3), and the first insulating dielectric film (2) and the metal sensing electrode (3) are respectively arranged on There is a gap between the lower surface of the first hard substrate (1) and the first insulating dielectric film (2) and the metal sensing electrode (3), and the lower surface of the metal sensing electrode (3) is also covered with a second insulating dielectric film. film(4); The stator includes a second hard substrate (8), a first electrode (6), a second electrode (7) and a third insulating dielectric film (5), the first electrode (6), the second electrode (7) The upper surfaces of the second hard substrate (8) are respectively provided, and the upper surfaces of the first electrode (6) and the second electrode (7) are covered with a third insulating dielectric film (5); The first electrode (6) is connected to the first input terminal of the self-voltage doubler rectifier circuit, and the second electrode (7) is connected to the second input terminal of the self-voltage doubler rectifier circuit; the output terminal of the self-voltage doubler rectifier circuit is connected to the rectifier diode The anode and the cathode of the rectifier diode are connected to the metal sensing electrode (3). 2. A kind of triboelectric nanogenerator based on self-excitation of levitation slip type electric charge as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described first insulating dielectric film (2) adopts electret material, the second insulating dielectric film Electric film (4) adopts nylon film. 3. A self-excited triboelectric nanogenerator based on levitation-slip charge as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the size of the second insulating dielectric film (4) is greater than the size of the metal induction electrode (3). 4. The self-excited triboelectric nanogenerator based on suspension-slip electric charges as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third insulating dielectric film (5) is a nylon film. 5. A kind of self-excited frictional nanogenerator based on suspension slip type electric charge as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete circuit of described self-voltage doubler rectification circuit is: The first electrode on the stator is connected to one end of the first capacitor through the first input end, and the second electrode on the stator is respectively connected to the anode of the first diode and one end of the fourth capacitor through the second input end. The negative electrode of the pole tube is connected in parallel with the other end of the first capacitor, respectively connected with the positive electrode of the second diode and one end of the second capacitor, and the negative electrode of the second diode is connected in parallel with the other end of the fourth capacitor respectively with the third capacitor. The anode of the diode is connected to one end of the fifth capacitor, the cathode of the third diode is connected in parallel with the other end of the second capacitor, and is respectively connected to the anode of the fourth diode and one end of the third capacitor, and the fourth diode The cathode of the tube and the other end of the fifth capacitor are connected in parallel to the anode of the fifth diode, and the cathode of the fifth diode and the other end of the third capacitor are connected in parallel to the anode of the rectifier diode. 6. A kind of triboelectric nanogenerator based on suspension slip type charge self-excitation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the relation of the excitation voltage that described electric charge self-excitation system produces and the charge accumulation Q of metal induction electrode is as follows :

In the formula (1), Q represents the charge accumulation of the metal sensing electrode; d1 is the distance between the second insulating dielectric film and the third insulating dielectric film, _ε0 is the vacuum permittivity; S is the electric charge of the metal sensing electrode on the mover Area, _VE represents the excitation voltage generated by the charge self-excitation system. 7. A kind of self-excited triboelectric nanogenerator based on levitation slip type charge as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the electric charge accumulation maximum charge density Q _Max of described metal induction electrode satisfies:

In the formula (2), P represents the pressure of the gas; d2 is the distance between the second electrode on the stator and the metal induction electrode on the mover; _ε0 is the vacuum dielectric constant; S is the distance between the metal induction electrode on the mover Area; A and B are constants determined by the composition and pressure of the gas. When the standard atmospheric pressure is 101kPa, A is 2.87×105V(atm·m) ^-1 and B is 12.6. 8. A self-excited triboelectric nanogenerator based on a levitation-slip charge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the arrangement between the stator and the mover includes a radial arrangement around the circumference, a linear arrangement or a curved line Arranged to form triboelectric nanogenerators that collect rotational or sliding energy.

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