KR20230150509A - Composition of solid fuel comprising discarded muscovado sludge and fermented livestock manure and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a solid fuel composition with excellent thermal efficiency and processing characteristics by molding brown sugar cake discarded after use in the sugar refining process and fermented livestock manure that has undergone a high-speed fermentation process at high pressure without adding any adsorbents or excipients, and a method for producing the same. Regarding this, the solid fuel composition of the present invention can be used as a very useful energy source in the steelmaking, power generation, and heating industries.

Description

Solid fuel composition comprising discarded muscovado sludge and fermented livestock manure and method of manufacturing the same}

The present invention relates to a solid fuel composition comprising black sugar meal and fermented livestock manure and a method for producing the same. More specifically, it relates to a solid fuel composition containing brown sugar cake and fermented livestock manure, and more specifically, to a solid fuel composition containing brown sugar cake and fermented livestock manure that are discarded after use in the sugar refining process and fermented livestock manure that has gone through a high-speed fermentation process. It relates to a solid fuel composition having excellent thermal efficiency and processing characteristics by molding at high pressure without the addition of any adsorbents or excipients, and a method for producing the same.

Livestock manure is made up of substances that cannot be digested or absorbed from the feed consumed by livestock and substances generated during body metabolism that are discharged outside the livestock body, and is composed almost entirely of moisture and organic substances. Therefore, livestock manure is an organic resource with high recycling value, and its generation also accounts for the largest amount among recyclable organic materials.

As of the end of 2018, the total amount of domestic livestock waste generated was 51,013,000 tons, of which 40,647,000 tons, or 79.7%, of livestock waste was composted and returned to farmland. However, considering the recent strengthening of environmental systems related to livestock waste, the strengthening of management of watershed areas, and the decrease in the area of agricultural land, which is the final destination for livestock waste compost, it is necessary to develop new technologies that can turn livestock waste into resources in an eco-friendly way. There is a need to develop it.

Methods of recycling livestock manure can be roughly divided into fertilizer resource utilization methods and energy resource utilization methods. Korea's level of technology for converting livestock manure into fertilizer is well developed, comparable to that of advanced livestock farming countries, but it is expected that technology development to minimize environmental burden will be necessary in the future.

On the other hand, the domestic technological level of energy resource recovery methods using livestock manure is completely dependent on the biogasification method, so there is a need to further diversify resource utilization methods.

Along with the biogasification method, the method of converting livestock waste into solid fuel represents the current domestic livestock waste energy conversion method. As for domestic solid fuel technology, research has been conducted on the processing effects and fuel characteristics analysis of materials that can be used by turning household waste or sewage sludge into solid fuel ( J Korea Soc Waste Man 26, 626-634. (2009); J Korea Soc Waste Man 25, 493-498, (2008)).

However, only recently has research on the method of converting livestock manure into solid fuel, such as analysis of the characteristics and calorific value of solid fuel raw materials, been conducted ( New Renew Ene 12, 254-259, (2016)). The reason for this can be found in the recent establishment of a system that allows livestock waste solid fuel to be officially used in Korea.

In order to increase combustion efficiency in the process of burning livestock waste solid fuel, the development of livestock waste pellet miniaturization technology was also conducted ( J Soli Groundwater Environ 22, 112-119 (2017)).

Meanwhile, black sugar cake refers to the activated carbon left over from the sugar manufacturing process. Among activated carbons, powdered activated carbon is used for decolorizing, deodorizing, and refining various aqueous solutions, oils and fats, petroleum dye intermediates, photographic chemicals, rubber products, foods (sugar, starch syrup, glucose, monosodium glutamate, alcoholic beverages), and pharmaceuticals.

Black sugar gourd is a waste product discarded after use in the refining process of liquid sugar. Black sugar gourd is composed of activated carbon components and liquid sugar components that remain after adsorption during the refining process. Activated carbon is a carbonaceous material composed of amorphous carbon and has the same fuel properties as charcoal, so it can be used as a component of solid fuel.

Prior technologies related to the present invention include solid fuel using pig manure and peat as main raw materials and its manufacturing method (Korea Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1347930), solid fuel using organic waste and combustible waste and its manufacturing method (Korea Registered Patent) Publication No. 10-1358836), solid fuel production device and method using livestock manure (Korea Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1396234), beef coal composition and beef coal produced therefrom, and beef coal manufacturing method therefor (Korea registered patent) Publication No. 10-1454166), Odor-reducing solid fuel manufactured by mixing livestock manure and adsorbent and its manufacturing method (Korea Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1687352), Livestock waste fuel conversion system (Korea Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1634977) ), solid fuel using livestock manure and its manufacturing method (Korea Patent Publication No. 10-1761653), manufacturing method of solid fuel using cattle manure (Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2038692), solid fuel conversion system of livestock manure ( Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2043053), livestock manure recycling device and method (Korea Registered Patent Publication No. 10-2212866), solid fuel conversion system using livestock waste as the main raw material and its method (Korea Registered Patent Publication No. 10-2205450) ), etc. are disclosed.

However, the above prior arts produced solid fuel by mixing wood waste such as organic waste, peat, sawdust, or chemical waste such as waste tires with livestock waste, or used separate chemical additives to produce solid fuel, or used livestock waste to produce solid fuel. A separate heat treatment process was introduced for drying, or a system such as the production of mechanical equipment for producing solid fuel was developed, but the present invention is different from black sugar meal, which is the main raw material used for producing solid fuel. They are different, and there is a big difference in the use of additives and molding methods.

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-1347930 Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-1358836 Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-1396234 Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-1454166 Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-1687352 Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-1634977 Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-1761653 Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2038692 Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2043053 Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2212866 Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2205450

The present inventors were trying to find an effective method of processing livestock waste based on the government policy that livestock waste can be used as an energy resource (Act on Management and Use of Livestock Manure; Act on Saving and Recycling Promotion of Resources). , it was possible to remove bad odors and unnecessary moisture through high-speed fermentation of livestock manure, but considering convenience of handling such as transportation and storage, a combination of auxiliary materials with fuel efficiency was needed to process it into solid fuel.

However, since the above auxiliary materials must be economical, environmentally friendly, and easy to process into solid fuel formulations, while looking for various auxiliary materials, brown sugar meal, which is a material left over from the sugar refining and processing process, was discovered, and solid fuel manufacturing experiments were conducted. The present invention was completed by discovering that it exhibits excellent formulation suitability and combustion efficiency even without the addition of any additives.

Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel composition using previously unknown brown sugar meal and livestock waste as main ingredients by producing solid fuel from livestock waste using black sugar meal.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a solid fuel composition using black sugar meal and livestock manure as main ingredients, which was not known in the past.

However, the technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is not limited to the problems mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a solid fuel composition containing brown sugar meal and livestock manure.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the brown sugar cake may contain activated carbon that is discarded after use in the sugar refining process.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the livestock manure may be fermented livestock manure.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the livestock manure may be one or more types selected from the group consisting of cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, and horse manure.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the livestock manure may be in powder or granule form.

In one embodiment of the present invention, based on the total weight of the composition, it may include 10 to 90% by weight of the brown sugar meal and 10 to 90% by weight of the livestock manure.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the lower the content ratio of the livestock manure and the higher the content ratio of the brown sugar meal, the lower heating value of the composition may increase.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the livestock manure is fermented from one or more species selected from the group consisting of cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, and horse manure, and the lower calorific value of the composition may be high in the order of cow manure > horse manure > pig manure > chicken manure. there is.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the low calorific value may not be correlated with the content ratio of brown sugar and livestock manure.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition may be extruded or in powder form.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition may be composed only of brown sugar meal and livestock manure.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes the steps of (a) collecting livestock manure; (b) fermenting the collected livestock manure to produce livestock manure; (c) mixing the prepared livestock manure and brown sugar meal; And (d) providing a method for producing a solid fuel composition comprising the step of molding the mixture of livestock manure and brown sugar meal.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the livestock manure may be one or more types selected from the group consisting of cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, and horse manure.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the fermentation can be performed at 60 to 80°C for 5 to 10 days at a stirring speed of 1 rotation per 15 minutes.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the livestock manure may be manufactured in powder or granule form.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the molding may be extrusion molding.

The solid fuel composition containing brown sugar meal and livestock manure of the present invention is easy to process into various forms and has excellent thermal efficiency without any bad odor that may occur when burning manure, so it is used as fuel for steelmaking furnaces and thermal power generation for electric power production. It has the advantage of being able to be used as a fuel for industrial and domestic heating purposes.

Figure 1 shows two types (pellet type and briquette type) of solid fuel compositions containing brown sugar meal and livestock manure (cow manure) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 shows a manufacturing process diagram of a solid fuel composition containing sugar cake and livestock manure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The first embodiment of the present invention is a solid fuel with excellent thermal efficiency that is molded at high pressure using black sugar cake, which is activated carbon discarded during the sugar refining process, and livestock manure that has been removed through a high-speed fermentation process to remove odor and reduce moisture. It relates to composition.

In the present invention, “black sugar cake” refers to waste activated carbon used in the refining process of sugar, and of course includes its powder form or particle form. In addition, the brown sugar cake is obvious in the art, and is used in combination with livestock manure and manure of the present invention. It includes waste activated carbon that can be used for the same or similar purposes as mixing to produce solid fuel.

The brown sugar meal is a waste product used in the sugar refining process of activated carbon, which is made by treating wood, lignite, peat, etc. with chemicals such as zinc chloride or phosphoric acid, which are activators, and drying them, or by activating charcoal with steam. Generally, activated carbon is manufactured in the form of powder or particles, but powder can also be made into particles for use. The brown sugar meal is mainly used as an adsorbent to absorb gas or moisture, and has various other uses, such as being used as a solvent recovery agent, gas purification, or decolorizing agent. Activated carbon is reported to have high combustion efficiency because its main ingredient is carbon. Brown sugar cake is a waste product discarded during the sugar refining process, and the sugars adsorbed on activated carbon during the refining process show strong binding power.

In the present invention, “livestock manure” or “livestock manure” is a general term for discharges containing excrement from livestock such as cows, pigs, chickens, and horses raised on farms. Livestock excrement can be treated in various ways depending on the farming environment, and is generally collected and discharged along with the bedding placed on the floor. Livestock manure may be processed differently depending on the species of livestock, but most include processes to remove moisture such as dehydration and drying. Livestock manure from which moisture has been removed can be used directly as fuel.

In the present invention, “fermented product” is not limited to form and nature, and includes products obtained during the fermentation process of livestock manure or after the fermentation process is completed, without limitation.

In the present invention, “combustion calorific value” refers to the low-level calorific value that produces Kcal of energy per Kg unit weight of solid fuel. “Low calorific value” refers to the calorific value obtained by subtracting the latent heat of evaporation of water present in a unit mass of sample and water generated during combustion from the high calorific value, and the unit is usually Kcal/Kg. “High-level calorific value” is the amount of heat including the latent heat of evaporation of water generated when a unit mass of sample is completely burned, and the unit is usually Joule/g.

The “heat equivalent of a calorimeter” of the present invention is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the water inside the calorimeter by 1°C. The unit of heat equivalent is usually the international unit (SI), J/°C, which is converted to calories (cal). In this case, it can be expressed as 1 cal = 4.18605 J.

In the present invention, the “calorimeter” consists of a combustion cylinder, a calorimeter inner cylinder, a lid, a stirrer, water, a temperature sensor, and a connector leading to the calorimeter inner cylinder included in the ignition or temperature measurement or control circuit.

In the present invention, “oxygen” must maintain a purity of 99.5% up to a pressure of 3 MPa, which is sufficient to fill the bomb, and does not contain flammable substances.

In the present invention, “benzoic acid” uses the international caloric standard benzoic acid. Benzoic acid is a recommended material for calibrating oxygen bomb calorimeters and was burned in the form of pellets that satisfied the certification conditions.

In the present invention, “solid fuel composition containing brown sugar meal and fermented livestock manure” may mean a solid fuel obtained by mixing livestock manure powder obtained through high-speed fermentation and brown sugar meal at a certain ratio and then molding it under high pressure.

When livestock manure is simply dried and used, it can be used as fuel, but its strength is low and it breaks easily. Even if you try to manufacture it into powder and mold it into the desired shape, it has no binding force, so the solid fuel formulation cannot be manufactured as desired, and it is incomplete. There is a problem in that fuel efficiency is low due to combustion and a foul odor is generated during combustion.

While trying to overcome these problems, the present inventors were mixing livestock manure at 60 to 80°C, preferably 65 to 75°C, more preferably 70°C, at a stirring speed of 1 rotation per 15 minutes for 5 to 10 days, preferably. is 6 to 8 days, more preferably 7 days. After fermenting for a long period of time, it was found that it could be easily manufactured into powder, and most of the bad odors were removed during the fermentation process, and a high-speed fermentation process was introduced.

The fermented livestock manure that went through high-speed fermentation was collected in powder form and was easy to mold into the desired shape. However, when solid fuel was manufactured using only high-speed fermented livestock manure powder, the physical properties that solid fuel should have were low, so it was necessary to prepare a method to strengthen the physical properties, such as adding additives such as binders to maintain the molding firmly.

The present inventors examined various binders to solve this problem, and discovered that chemical binders can affect the environment when burned, and that starch or natural binders are economically expensive and require a complex manufacturing process. .

Meanwhile, black sugar cake is the activated carbon left over from the sugar refining process. It is mainly composed of carbon, so it has high value as a fuel. It was discovered that components such as sugar adsorbed during the sugar refining process can act as a natural binder. When mixed with fermented livestock manure powder that had undergone high-speed fermentation and extruded under high pressure, solid fuel of the desired formulation could be manufactured.

The solid fuel composition using black sugar meal and fermented livestock waste according to the present invention as main ingredients can be manufactured by fermenting livestock waste using a high-speed fermenter. Due to the high moisture content of livestock manure and the foul odor generated from the manure, it is virtually impossible to use livestock manure collected from farms as solid fuel without any treatment. High-speed fermentation of livestock manure can remove bad odors, and the high moisture content escapes as steam during the fermentation process, resulting in a low moisture content of about 6-8% (see Table 2).

In the high-speed fermentation process, livestock manure with a moisture content of about 65% to 80% is placed in a fermenter and moved step by step to the top layer, middle layer, and bottom layer while stirring under aerobic conditions to proceed with aerobic fermentation. Among these, fermentation takes place in the middle layer, and the fermentation process lasts 5 to 10 days, preferably 6 to 8 days, and more preferably 7 days.

The fermented livestock manure is preferably obtained in powder form through the lower layer (discharge layer). In the case of cattle manure among livestock manures, the calorific value per unit weight before high-speed fermentation was about 2,600 Kcal/g, but after high-speed fermentation, it was measured at about 3,700 Kcal/g, showing that the energy efficiency per unit weight increases due to the removal of moisture through high-speed fermentation. I was able to.

The solid fuel composition based on brown sugar meal and fermented livestock manure according to the present invention can be shaped into a product using a high-pressure extruder. After screening and crushing, brown sugar meal and livestock manure with a moisture content of about 4-5% were molded into the desired model using an extruder and cooled to produce solid fuel (see Figure 1).

In one embodiment of the present invention, the brown sugar meal as described above may be contained in the range of 10 to 90% by weight based on the total weight of the composition of the present invention. Although brown sugar meal can provide a high calorific value (see Table 2), if it is less than 10% by weight, the binding power of the composition is significantly low, making it difficult to mold the product, and if it exceeds 90% by weight, it can be used to solidify livestock manure, which is the object of the present invention. It has the disadvantage of not being able to process livestock waste in large quantities because it cannot be used as a main raw material for fuel.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composition of the invention may be in extruded form. The extrusion molding composition may have the form of pellets, briquettes, briquettes, or briquettes.

When the composition of the present invention is in the form of extrusion molding, in addition to the active ingredients, black sugar meal and fermented livestock manure, it may contain ingredients commonly added during the production of solid fuel. For example, it may include sawdust, rice husk, rice straw, organic waste, peat, waste feed, and dried internal organs of livestock.

Additionally, the composition of the present invention may be in powder form. The powder form can be manufactured by adjusting the size of the powder particles according to a method that can be easily performed by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.

The composition of the present invention can be used as a steelmaking furnace, a boiler for power production, and a heating fuel for industrial or domestic purposes, and is preferably applied to a steelmaking furnace or a boiler for power production.

The fermented livestock waste contained as an active ingredient in the composition of the present invention includes, for example, (a) collecting livestock waste from a farm; and (b) fermenting the livestock manure obtained in step (a) in a high-speed fermenter, but is not limited to this.

In step (a), livestock manure can be used as cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, horse manure, etc. that can be collected from livestock farms, and it is preferable to use cow manure or horse manure. Pig manure and chicken manure have a disadvantage in that the final yield is not high after high-speed fermentation due to their high moisture content.

In step (b), livestock manure can be fermented in a high-speed fermenter, but is not limited to this.

In the fermentation, livestock manure collected from farms is first naturally dried in a collection area, placed in the upper layer (input layer) of a high-speed fermenter, and raw materials with low temperature and high moisture content are heated by fermentation heat rising from the middle layer (fermentation layer). It creates the optimal temperature for fermentation by increasing the temperature, and allows moisture to drain to the bottom (middle layer) to maintain appropriate moisture in the fermented product.

In the middle layer (fermentation layer), a propeller is used to continuously stir and supply air to ensure that the fermented product introduced from the upper layer has optimized moisture content and fermentation conditions. The temperature rises to about 70℃, causing harmful microorganisms and viruses to die. It can be cultured for 5 to 7 days at a rotation speed of 120 to 180 rpm and an aeration amount of 1.2 to 1.8 vm, but is not limited to this.

After fermentation, the livestock manure goes down to the bottom layer (discharge layer) and, after cooling, can be used as livestock manure powder.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples and test examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples or test examples.

<Comparative Examples 1 to 5> Preparation of brown sugar meal and fermented livestock manure

Black sugar gourd was prepared by filling a silo for refining liquid sugar and using it for sugar refining. The remaining activated carbon was collected, dried in the shade, and pulverized using a grinder to a particle size of about 1 mm to 2 mm. This black sugar meal was used in the following experiment as Comparative Example 1.

The livestock manure fermentation product was used by collecting cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, and horse manure from the farm. After fermenting in a high-speed fermenter at 70°C and a stirring speed of 1 rotation per 15 minutes for 7 days, the manure was fermented into powder. Water was used in the following experiments.

Cow manure powder was used in Comparative Example 2, pork manure powder was used in Comparative Example 3, chicken manure powder was used in Comparative Example 4, and horse manure powder was used in Comparative Example 5.

<Examples 1 to 36> Production of solid fuel pellets

After fermentation in a high-speed fermenter at 70°C and 1 rotation per 15 minutes of stirring for 7 days, each powdered livestock manure fermentation product is mixed with a certain amount of brown sugar meal, and then placed in a high-pressure extruder with an output of 300 horsepower. (JS Industrial Co., Ltd. (Korea) was equipped with an injection port with a diameter of 4.5 mm, and pellets were manufactured at a production rate of 4 tons per hour with an injection pressure of 2,206.5 Mpa. The mixing ratio of livestock manure and brown sugar meal is shown in Table 1 below.

division Livestock manure (%) Black sugar gourd (%) Comparative Example 1 0 100 Cattle manure (%) Black sugar gourd (%) Comparative Example 2 100 0 Example 1 90 10 Example 2 80 20 Example 3 70 30 Example 4 60 40 Example 5 50 50 Example 6 40 60 Example 7 30 70 Example 8 20 80 Example 9 10 90 Pig portion (%) Black sugar gourd (%) Comparative Example 3 100 0 Example 10 90 10 Example 11 80 20 Example 12 70 30 Example 13 60 40 Example 14 50 50 Example 15 40 60 Example 16 30 70 Example 17 20 80 Example 18 10 90 Chicken manure (%) Black sugar gourd (%) Comparative Example 4 100 0 Example 19 90 10 Example 20 80 20 Example 21 70 30 Example 22 60 40 Example 23 50 50 Example 24 40 60 Example 25 30 70 Example 26 20 80 Example 27 10 90 Ground flour (%) Black sugar gourd (%) Comparative Example 5 100 0 Example 28 90 10 Example 29 80 20 Example 30 70 30 Example 31 60 40 Example 32 50 50 Example 33 40 60 Example 34 30 70 Example 35 20 80 Example 36 10 90

<Experimental example>

1. Experimental method

In accordance with the quality inspection regulations for solid fuel products according to the quality test and analysis method for solid fuel products, the moisture and calorific value of solid fuel samples using brown sugar meal and livestock manure as main raw materials of the present invention were measured (to promote resource conservation and recycling) Article 25-5 of the Act and Article 20-3 of the Enforcement Regulations).

For the experiment, solid fuel samples made from the brown sugar meal and fermented livestock manure of the present invention as main raw materials were pulverized and prepared so that the particle size was 1 mm or less.

(One). Moisture content measurement

Solid fuel product quality test and analysis method Chapter 8 Moisture (Total Moisture) test method was applied to measure the moisture content of solid fuel samples using brown sugar meal and livestock manure of the present invention as main raw materials (DD CEN/TS 15414- 1, 2010, Determination of total moisture by a reference method. SW-846; Test Method 9000, 2007, Determination of water in waste materials by Karl Fischer titration.; KS E ISO 579, 2017, Coke - Determination of total moisture content).

This method removes all moisture present in the BET monomolecular layer by drying the moisture in the sample at 105 ± 2°C until it reaches a constant weight and then calculating the weight. That is, the evaporation dish was dried at 105 ± 2°C for 1 hour, then the weight was immediately measured, 500 g of the sample was taken, and the weight of the evaporation dish and the sample were accurately weighed.

It was dried in a dryer at a temperature of 105 ± 2°C for 6 hours and then weighed immediately. The evaporation dish containing the sample was placed in a desiccator containing silica gel, dried for 1 hour, and then re-dried in a dryer for 2 hours, and then weighed. The moisture content was calculated as the average of three values obtained from the same measurement. The moisture of the sample was calculated from the weight of the evaporation dish according to [Equation 1] below, and expressed to the first decimal place.

[Equation 1]

Moisture (%) =

M ₁ : Weight of dried empty tray or evaporation dish (g)

M ₂ : Weight of tray or evaporation dish and sample (g)

M ₃ : Weight of sample after drying with tray or evaporation dish (g)

(2). combustion experiment

Solid fuel product quality test and analysis method Chapter 7 Calorific value was applied (BS EN 15400, 2011, Solid recovered fuels-Determination of calorific value.; KS E 3707, 2016, Calorific value of coal and coke). Calorific value measurement method).

This test method uses the principle of calculating the calorific value from the temperature difference between water before and after combustion by burning a sample in a cylinder of a certain volume pressurized with oxygen. It specifies the calorific value test method for solid fuel products, etc.

Calibration is performed through combustion of a certified standard material using a bomb calorimeter at a standard temperature, and the calorific value of the sample is obtained. In order to reduce the error in the results as much as possible, interfering substances such as visible foreign substances that may have been attached to the sample were removed, and the sample was separated to ensure that no sample adhered to the wall of the bomb container or settled to the bottom.

Because the ash content of the sample was detected to be less than 30%, no separate combustion aid was used. Calorific value measurement was conducted in two experiments under the same conditions: combustion of benzoic acid, which is a calibration standard material, and combustion of a solid fuel sample mainly made of brown sugar meal and livestock manure of the present invention.

Approximately 1 g of sample was weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg in a combustion dish. The fuse was connected to the ignition line, the combustion dish was placed on the support, brought into contact with the sample, and 0.5 g of purified water was injected into the bomb. The amount of purified water was maintained accurately during both calibration and measurement work.

The combustion bomb was assembled and oxygen was slowly injected for 30 seconds at a pressure of 3.0 ± 0.2 MPa. The valve was slowly closed to fill the bomb with oxygen, and the pressure of the bomb was maintained at 3.0 ± 0.2 MPa. The same procedure was applied for both calibration and measurement work. After filling the calorimeter inner cylinder with 0.5 g of purified water, the calorimeter inner cylinder was installed in a thermostat, the combustion cylinder was placed, and when the water rose to the top, it was checked to see if there was any gas leakage. The ignition circuit was connected to the combustion cylinder and the device was started.

Using the value obtained after completing combustion, the higher calorific value was first calculated as shown in [Equation 2] below.

[Equation 2]

d: Calorimeter reading (J)

e: Heat compensation (J)

m ₀ : sample weight (g)

At this time, since the sample was directly inserted without using packaging, the heat correction value was set to 0.

Using the higher calorific value, the lower calorific value was calculated as shown in [Equation 3] below. Conversion to low-level calorific value was calculated to the nearest 1.0 J/g and ended in units of 20.0 J/g. The higher calorific value, moisture, and hydrogen used in the lower calorific value conversion formula were set to the same conditions.

The hydrogen content (%) of the sample was determined using the value obtained from an elemental analyzer. The obtained value was converted to 1.0 J = 1/4.18605 cal and expressed as 1 Kcal/Kg. The calorific value was tested a total of three times and expressed as the average value.

[Equation 3]

2. Experimental results

The moisture content and low-level calorific value measurements of solid fuel composition samples using brown sugar meal and fermented livestock manure as main raw materials of the present invention are shown in Table 2 below.

division Moisture content (%) Low-level calorific value measurements
(Kcal/Kg) Comparative Example 1 4.7 4,670 Comparative Example 2 4.0 3,710 Example 1 6.4 3,590 Example 2 6.5 3,678 Example 3 6.6 3,715 Example 4 6.7 3,862 Example 5 6.8 3,938 Example 6 6.9 4,024 Example 7 7.2 4,090 Example 8 7.3 4,175 Example 9 7.4 4,259 Comparative Example 3 4.4 3,423 Example 10 6.4 3,368 Example 11 6.6 3,473 Example 12 6.8 3,577 Example 13 6.9 3,688 Example 14 7.0 3,788 Example 15 7.2 3,899 Example 16 7.5 3,989 Example 17 7.7 4,088 Example 18 7.8 4,195 Comparative Example 4 4.2 3,265 Example 19 6.6 3,208 Example 20 6.8 3,329 Example 21 7.0 3,449 Example 22 7.1 3,575 Example 23 7.3 3,693 Example 24 7.5 3,809 Example 25 7.8 3,884 Example 26 8.0 4,028 Example 27 8.1 4,150 Comparative Example 5 4.4 3,868 Example 28 6.4 3,481 Example 29 6.5 3,581 Example 30 6.6 3,681 Example 31 6.7 3,780 Example 32 6.8 3,878 Example 33 6.9 3,976 Example 34 7.2 4,030 Example 35 7.3 4,135 Example 36 7.4 4,247

The moisture content of black sugar gourd (Comparative Example 1) was measured to be about 4.7%, and the moisture content of livestock manure that underwent high-speed fermentation was found to range from 4% to 4.4%. Among livestock manures, cow manure (Comparative Example 2) was 4.0%, pig manure (Comparative Example 3) was 4.4%, chicken manure (Comparative Example 4) was 4.2%, and horse manure (Comparative Example 5) was 4.2%.

The solid fuel composition using brown sugar meal and cow manure showed a moisture content of 6.4% to 7.4%, and the moisture content of the solid fuel composition using brown sugar meal and pork manure was observed to range from 6.4% to 7.8%. Chicken manure had a slightly higher moisture content than the other three livestock manures, ranging from 6.6% to 8.1%, and horse manure was found to have a moisture content of 6.4% to 7.4%, similar to beef manure.

In general, the moisture content of the solid fuel composition of the present invention appears to increase as the content of brown sugar meal increases. The moisture absorption characteristics of activated carbon are also shown in the solid fuel composition, and as the content of brown sugar meal increases after production, the moisture in the air increases. It is thought that moisture content increases due to absorption.

The low-level calorific value of black sugar gourd (Comparative Example 1) was high at 4,670 Kcal/Kg when the moisture content was 4.7%. The lower calorific value of livestock manure is 3,710 Kcal/Kg (moisture content 4.0%) for cow manure (Comparative Example 2), 3,423 Kcal/Kg (moisture content 4.4%) for pork manure (Comparative Example 3), and 3,423 Kcal/Kg (moisture content 4.4%) for chicken manure (Comparative Example 4). Horse flour (Comparative Example 5) was the highest at 3,265 Kcal/Kg (moisture content 4.2%), and horse meal (Comparative Example 5) was 3,868 Kcal/Kg (moisture content 4.2%).

The lower calorific value of the solid fuel composition was found to increase as the content of livestock manure was lower and the content of brown sugar meal was higher. The solid fuel composition (Example 9) containing 10% by weight of cow manure and 90% by weight of brown sugar meal showed the highest calorific value among the samples at 4,259 Kcal/Kg (moisture content 7.4%), and the highest calorific value among the samples was 4,259 Kcal/Kg (moisture content 7.4%), and The solid fuel composition containing 10% by weight (Example 19) showed the lowest low-level heating value at 3,208 Kcal/Kg (moisture content 6.6%).

It was recognized that it was difficult to evaluate the values in Table 2 as absolute low calorific values due to environmental factors such as moisture content.

In order to obtain the lower heating value of a solid fuel composition with a constant concentration of moisture, a previous report (Lee GH. 2010. Thermal and physicochemical characteristics of solid fuel extruded with cattle feedlot manure. J Biosystems Eng 35, 64-68.; Korea The correction equation used in Patent Registration No. 10-1347930) was substituted into the experimental values obtained in the present invention to calculate the lower calorific value for each moisture content.

[Equation 4]

A = B + B×(C - D)*0.02

A (calculated value): low calorific value predicted at a specific moisture content

B (experimental measurement value): Low-level calorific value measured as a result of the experiment of the experimental sample

C (moisture content of the measured sample): actual measured moisture content of the experimental sample

D (predicted moisture content): predicted moisture content of the sample

0.02 (Moisture content determination coefficient): Calorie coefficient that increases when moisture decreases by 1%

As in the previous report, the relationship between the calorific value according to the moisture content of solid fuel was inferred, and as the calorific value increased by 0.02% when moisture decreased by 1%, the lower calorific value measured at a specific moisture content as in the present invention was assumed to have a constant moisture content. Assuming, as shown in Table 3 below, it was possible to predict the calculated change in low-level calorific value according to the moisture content of the solid fuel composition sample prepared with the brown sugar meal and fermented livestock manure of the present invention as main raw materials.

In Table 3 below, the calculated value represents the low calorific value predicted using Equation 4 above, assuming that a solid fuel composition containing black sugar meal and fermented livestock manure as main raw materials contained a constant moisture content.

division Low-level calorific value calculated at constant moisture content
(Kcal/Kg) 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Comparative Example 1 5,109 4,598 4,087 3,576 3,065 Comparative Example 2 4,007 3,606 3,205 2,805 2,404 Example 1 4,117 3,705 3,294 2,882 2,470 Example 2 4,227 3,805 3,382 2,959 2,536 Example 3 4,338 3,904 3,470 3,036 2,603 Example 4 4,448 4,003 3,558 3,113 2,669 Example 5 4,558 4,102 3,646 3,191 2,735 Example 6 4,668 4,201 3,735 3,268 2,801 Example 7 4,778 4,301 3,823 3,345 2,867 Example 8 4,889 4,400 3,911 3,422 2,933 Example 9 4,999 4,499 3,999 3,499 2,999 Comparative Example 3 3,724 3,352 2,979 2,607 2,235 Example 10 3,863 3,476 3,090 2,704 2,318 Example 11 4,001 3,601 3,201 2,801 2,401 Example 12 4,140 3,726 3,312 2,898 2,484 Example 13 4,278 3,850 3,422 2,995 2,567 Example 14 4,417 3,975 3,533 3,092 2,650 Example 15 4,555 4,100 3,644 3,189 2,733 Example 16 4,694 4,224 3,755 3,285 2,816 Example 17 4,832 4,349 3,866 3,382 2,899 Example 18 4,971 4,473 3,976 3,479 2,982 Comparative Example 4 3,539 3,185 2,831 2,477 2,124 Example 19 3,696 3,326 2,957 2,587 2,218 Example 20 3,853 3,468 3,082 2,697 2,312 Example 21 4,010 3,609 3,208 2,807 2,406 Example 22 4,167 3,750 3,334 2,917 2,500 Example 23 4,324 3,892 3,459 3,027 2,594 Example 24 4,481 4,033 3,585 3,137 2,689 Example 25 4,010 3,609 3,208 2,807 2,406 Example 26 4,795 4,316 3,836 3,357 2,877 Example 27 4,952 4,457 3,962 3,466 2,971 Comparative Example 5 4,193 3,774 3,354 2,935 2,516 Example 28 3,992 3,593 3,194 2,794 2,395 Example 29 4,116 3,705 3,293 2,881 2,470 Example 30 4,240 3,816 3,392 2,968 2,544 Example 31 4,364 3,928 3,492 3,055 2,619 Example 32 4,489 4,040 3,591 3,142 2,693 Example 33 4,613 4,151 3,690 3,229 2,768 Example 34 4,240 3,816 3,392 2,968 2,544 Example 35 4,116 3,705 3,293 2,881 2,470 Example 36 4,985 4,486 3,988 3,489 2,991

In the case of cow manure, the solid fuel composition containing 50% by weight of brown sugar meal and 50% by weight of cow manure as the main raw material had a calorific value of about 3,938 after extrusion molding when the composition contained 6.8% moisture (Example 5). Since it is kcal/kg, the calorific value varies depending on the moisture content, so when dried at a moisture content of 5%, it becomes 3,938+ 3,938×(6.8-5)×0.02 = 4,080 Kcal/Kg, calculated at a moisture content of 0%. The absolute value (theoretical value) of 4,102 Kcal/Kg showed an error of 0.5%.

If the moisture content is 15%, the solid fuel composition of the present invention can be expected to obtain a calorific value of 3,938 + 3,938 × (6.8-15) × 0.02 = 3,293 kcal / kg, calculated based on the 0% moisture content value. In this case, the error was 3,191 Kcal/Kg, or 3.1%.

When the moisture content was fixed at 0% in Equation 4 above, regardless of the content ratio of brown sugar meal and livestock manure, the low-level heating aroma was higher in the order of cow manure > horse manure > pig manure > chicken manure, so that the solid form of brown sugar meal using cow manure and horse manure was high. It was found that the fuel composition production showed the highest low calorific value, showing that excellent solid fuel could be produced.

As described above, the solid fuel composition containing brown sugar meal and fermented livestock manure of the present invention has high energy efficiency, can be easily formulated and manufactured into various types of solid fuel, and has no bad odor that appears from livestock manure. It can be widely used industrially, including as fuel for steelmaking, thermal power generation, and heating.

Claims (15)

A solid fuel composition containing brown sugar meal and fermented livestock manure.
According to paragraph 1,
The brown sugar meal is a solid fuel composition characterized in that it contains activated carbon that is discarded after use in the sugar refining process.
According to paragraph 1,
A solid fuel composition, characterized in that the livestock manure is at least one selected from the group consisting of cattle manure, pig manure, chicken manure, and horse manure.
According to paragraph 1,
A solid fuel composition, characterized in that the fermented livestock manure is in a powder or granular formulation.
According to paragraph 1,
A solid fuel composition comprising 10 to 90% by weight of the brown sugar meal and 10 to 90% by weight of the fermented livestock manure, based on the total weight of the composition.
According to paragraph 1,
A solid fuel composition, characterized in that the lower calorific value of the composition increases as the content ratio of the fermented livestock manure is lower and the content ratio of the brown sugar meal is higher.
According to paragraph 1,
The fermented livestock manure is a fermentation of one or more species selected from the group consisting of cattle manure, pig manure, chicken manure, and horse manure,
A solid fuel composition characterized in that the low-level calorific value of the composition is high in the order of cattle manure > horse manure > pig manure > chicken manure.
In clause 7,
A solid fuel composition, characterized in that the low calorific value is not correlated with the content ratio of the brown sugar and fermented livestock manure.
According to paragraph 1,
A solid fuel composition, characterized in that the composition is in the form of extrusion molding or powder.
According to paragraph 1,
A solid fuel composition characterized in that the composition consists only of brown sugar meal and fermented livestock manure.
(a) collecting livestock manure;
(b) fermenting the collected livestock waste to produce fermented livestock waste;
(c) mixing the prepared livestock manure fermentation product with black sugar meal; and
(d) A method for producing a solid fuel composition comprising the step of molding a mixture of the fermented livestock manure and brown sugar meal.
According to clause 11,
A method for producing a solid fuel composition, characterized in that the livestock manure is at least one selected from the group consisting of cattle manure, pig manure, chicken manure, and horse manure.
According to clause 11,
A method for producing a solid fuel composition, characterized in that the fermentation is carried out for 5 to 10 days at 60 to 80 ° C. and a stirring speed of 15 minutes / 1 rotation.
According to clause 11,
A method for producing a solid fuel composition, characterized in that the fermented livestock manure is manufactured in a powder or granular formulation.
According to clause 11,
A method for producing a solid fuel composition, characterized in that the molding is extrusion molding.