KR20230133178A - Breeding method of catfish comprising Rhus verniciflua STOKES trunk extract - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a feed additive for freshwater fish. By containing Rhus verniciflua STOKES stem extract as an active ingredient, the storage period in the aquarium of freshwater fish can be improved, and the sensory properties are improved by increasing the crude fat content. , it can improve the health of consumers by increasing the content of fatty acids (especially the content of unsaturated fatty acids).

Description

Breeding method of catfish comprising Rhus verniciflua STOKES trunk extract}

The present invention relates to a feed additive for freshwater fish that can improve the storage period of freshwater fish in an aquarium and increase the content of crude fat and fatty acids.

Recently, the word wellness has become popular. This word, a compound word of well-being and happiness or well-being and health, refers to a state of physical, mental and social health.

Efforts to improve the quality of life while maintaining health are receiving great attention, and as the average lifespan of Koreans approaches 80 years, interest, demand, and supply of health-related medicines, foods, and cosmetics are rapidly increasing. am. As the people's standard of living improves due to the preference for well-being foods and economic growth, the consumption of land-based meat increases due to changes in westernized eating patterns, which increases the incidence of various adult diseases (arteriosclerosis, blood pressure, diabetes, and vascular diseases, etc.) every year. As the number of marine products increases, inland marine products are being recognized as health foods.

There is a shift from meat-centered eating habits to a table culture centered on fish and other aquatic life, but due to environmental issues such as discharge of contaminated water from nuclear power plants in neighboring countries and microplastics, it is highly likely that consumption of freshwater aquaculture products from inland waters that are safe and stable for the human body will gradually increase. .

Inland freshwater fish aquaculture is an innovative method to respond to the depletion of marine fish resources. Starting with eel and carp farming in the 1980s, thanks to the rapid development and expansion of cage aquaculture in the early 1990s, marine products from inland freshwater fish aquaculture are currently growing. The annual production is a total of 34,000 tons, of which the production of catfish is about 4,000 tons (about 11.6%, Statistics Korea, 2020), accounting for a large proportion of the total production from freshwater fish aquaculture in inland waters.

However, the current aquaculture mortality rate exceeds 15-20% per year, and the main causes are the occurrence of incurable diseases and mixed infections (viruses, bacteria, parasites) due to increased water temperature, and the reduction of drug treatment effectiveness, which is a major problem for inland freshwater fish aquaculture. is causing Moreover, most inland freshwater fish aquaculture is stored in aquariums and then distributed to end consumers, but as much as 40% of marine products are discarded during storage.

Meanwhile, as the desire to consume natural products that exert various physiological activities without adversely affecting the human body increases, efforts to consume them directly or indirectly are increasing. In addition, efforts to discover physiologically active substances from natural products and convert them into highly functional substances with superior functionality are receiving attention.

Therefore, there is a need to develop highly functional feed additives using natural raw materials to solve problems such as short storage period during inland freshwater fish farming.

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 2020-0071229 Republic of Korea Patent No. 2025884

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed additive for freshwater fish that can improve the storage period of freshwater fish in an aquarium and increase the content of crude fat and fatty acids.

The feed additive for freshwater fish of the present invention to achieve the above object may contain Rhus verniciflua STOKES stem extract as an active ingredient.

When the feed additive is consumed, the crude fat content in freshwater fish can be as high as 40 to 50%.

When consuming the above feed additive, unsaturated fatty acids among the fatty acids contained in freshwater fish can be improved by 20-28% compared to freshwater fish consuming regular feed.

When consuming the above feed additive, the storage period in the aquarium of freshwater fish can be increased by 9 to 20 days compared to when consuming only regular feed.

When consuming the above feed additive, the content of lauric acid among the fatty acids contained in freshwater fish is 6.0 to 10.0 mg/100g, the content of oleic acid is 14.0 to 18.0 g/100g, and linoleic acid. The content of may be 6.0 to 9.0 g/100g and the content of cis-8, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid (c is -8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid) may be 200 to 400 mg/100g.

The lacquer tree stem extract may be extracted with water, a lower alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a mixed solvent thereof.

The mixed solvent may be a 20 to 80% by volume aqueous solution of methanol, ethanol, butanol, or propanol.

The freshwater fish may be catfish, trout, perch, freshwater eel, carp, crucian carp, salmon, smelt, silverfish, or loach.

The feed additive may be used in an amount of 5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of general feed.

When the feed additive containing the sumac tree stem extract of the present invention as an active ingredient is administered to freshwater fish in an aquarium, symptoms of disease or ulcers appear late, so the period during which freshwater fish can be stored in the aquarium can be increased.

In addition, the feed additive of the present invention can improve sensory properties by increasing the content of crude fat and improve the health of consumers by increasing the content of fatty acids (particularly the content of unsaturated fatty acids).

Figure 1 is a photograph of symptoms or symptoms that occurred in a catfish while stored in a water tank.

The present invention relates to a feed additive for freshwater fish that can improve the storage period of freshwater fish in an aquarium and increase the content of crude fat and fatty acids.

That is, the feed additive of the present invention is used for freshwater fish cultured in aquariums.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The feed additive for freshwater fish of the present invention contains Rhus verniciflua STOKES stem extract as an active ingredient.

The lacquer tree ( Rhus verniciflua STOKES) is a deciduous broad-leaved tree belonging to the lacquer family and contains the toxic substance urushiol, which causes lacquer. In oriental medicine, it is said to have the effect of removing blood clots, removing red blood cells, and sterilizing blood, and is mainly used for blood clots, hard lungs, heart pain, and blood clots.

In the present invention, lacquer tree stems are used, and if roots, leaves, sap, etc. are used instead of lacquer tree stems, the storage period in the water tank and the content of crude fat and fatty acid may not be improved.

The lacquer tree stems are mixed with the extraction solvent at a weight ratio of 1:10 to 50, preferably 1:20 to 30, and incubated at 70 to 110°C, preferably 80 to 90°C, for 5 to 15 hours, preferably 10. The extract is prepared by extracting for 13 hours and then concentrating under reduced pressure. If the weight ratio of the lacquer tree stem and the extraction solvent is outside the above range, the active ingredient of the lacquer tree stem may be extracted in a small amount in the extract.

If the extraction temperature and extraction time are below the above lower limits, the active ingredients of sumac tree stems may be extracted in small amounts, and the storage period in the water tank and the content of crude fat and fatty acids may not be improved.

The extraction solvent for extracting each extract is water, a lower alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a mixed solvent thereof. The lower alcohol may include 20 to 80% methanol, ethanol, butanol, or propanol.

The extraction solvent is not particularly limited, but extracts extracted with water are preferred for improving the storage period in the water tank and the crude fat and fatty acid content.

The sumac stem extract extracted in this way may contain 0.8 to 1.5% by weight of gallic acid, 2 to 5% by weight of fustin, and 1 to 2% by weight of fisetin.

The freshwater fish is not particularly limited, but is preferably catfish, trout, perch, freshwater eel, carp, crucian carp, salmon, smelt, silverfish, or loach.

In addition, the feed additive of the present invention is used in an amount of 5 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of feed for general freshwater fish. If the content of the feed additive is less than the lower limit, the desired effect cannot be expected, and if it exceeds the upper limit, the growing period in the tank may be reduced and the crude fat content may not be increased.

The crude fat content in freshwater fish fed with the feed additive of the present invention is 40 to 50%, preferably 42 to 46%, and has a 12 to 15% improved crude fat compared to freshwater fish fed only regular feed.

In addition, among the fatty acids in freshwater fish that consumed the feed additive of the present invention, lauric acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and cis-8, 11, 14-eicozatrienoic acid ( c is -8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid) content is further improved. Specifically, the content of lauric acid is 6.0 to 10.0 mg/100g, the content of oleic acid is 14.0 to 18.0 g/100g, the content of linoleic acid is 6.0 to 9.0 g/100g, and The content of cis-8, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid (c is -8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid) is 200 to 400 mg/100g, which is 2 to 10% compared to freshwater fish that consumed only regular feed. It improves twice.

The term 'extract' used in the present invention also includes extracts obtained by extracting components contained in sumac tree stems using the above solvent, fractions separated from them, concentrates obtained by additionally concentrating these extracts or fractions, and purified products obtained by purifying or separating them. And, it is used to include the dried product of the extract, fraction, concentrate or purified product or the powder obtained by pulverizing the same.

For the preparation of the purified product, various additional methods are used, such as passage through an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut-off value, or separation by various chromatographs (designed for separation according to size, charge, hydrophobicity or affinity). Purification methods can be added.

Feed additives are a general term for substances added in small amounts to feed for nutritional or specific purposes, and feed compositions containing the feed additives can be used to collectively refer to all foods supplied to freshwater fish.

The feed composition containing the above feed additive contains, in addition to the feed additive containing sumac tree stem extract as an active ingredient, food raw materials usable as food as described in the Food Standards and Specifications ('Food Code'), and food additives as described in the Food Additive Code. Food additives can be used, and even if they are not food raw materials or food additives that can be used as food, raw materials that fall within the scope of sweet feed in Annex Table 1 of the 'Standards and Specifications for Feed, etc.' and raw materials that fall within the scope of supplementary feed in Annex Table 2 can be used. You can use it.

Specifically, the feed composition may additionally include binders, emulsifiers, preservatives, etc. added to prevent quality deterioration, and amino acids, vitamins, enzymes, probiotics, flavoring agents, and non-protein nitrogen added to increase utility. It may additionally include compounds, silicate agents, buffers, colorants, extractants, oligosaccharides, etc. In addition, it may additionally include feed mixtures, etc., but is not limited thereto.

In particular, compounded feeds commonly used in feed compositions for freshwater fish include one or more protein sources selected from fish meal, casein, meat and bone meal, and shrimp powder, or one or more carbohydrate sources selected from sweet potato starch, potato starch, and wheat starch, or There may be one or more lipid sources selected from rapeseed oil, soybean oil, corn oil, pollack liver oil, and squid liver oil, but it is not limited thereto.

The sumac stem extract varies depending on the condition, weight, presence, degree, and duration of the freshwater fish consumed, but can be appropriately selected by a person skilled in the art. For example, the daily dosage may be 10 to 960 mg, preferably 100 to 500 mg, per 1 kg of freshwater fish, and the frequency of administration does not need to be particularly limited, but ranges from 3 times a day to once a week. It can be adjusted by a skilled technician. In the case of long-term intake for health and hygiene purposes or health control, it may be below the above range.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments are presented to aid understanding of the present invention. However, the following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention, and it is clear to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications are possible within the scope and spirit of the present invention. It is natural that such variations and modifications fall within the scope of the attached patent claims.

Example 1.

Dry lacquer tree stems and water were mixed at a weight ratio of 1:30 and extracted at 85°C for 12 hours to obtain lacquer tree stem extract.

<Test example>

A lacquer tree stem feed composition was prepared by mixing 10 parts by weight of the lacquer tree stem extract prepared in Example 1 with 100 parts by weight of general feed.

Catfish (freshwater fish) and flounder (marine fish) that were each fed the sumac stem feed composition and the general feed composition for 20 days were compared.

Test Example 1. Measurement of storage period in water tank

The storage period in the tank of catfish or flounder (10 in each group) that consumed sumac tree stem feed composition or general feed composition in a tank containing water at 15 ± 2 ℃ was confirmed.

Table 1 below shows the number of individuals showing symptoms of disease or ulcers on the leaves, eyes, and body (Figure 1).

Classification (aquarium) Catfish_Sumac stem feed composition Catfish_General feed composition Flounder_Sumac stem feed composition Halibut_General feed composition 3 days - One - One 6 days - 6 One 7 9th 2 8 3 9 12th 4 death 6 death 15th 7 death 9 death 20th 9 death death death

As shown in Table 1 above, when catfish, a freshwater fish, ingested the feed composition containing the sumac tree stem extract of the present invention, there were individuals showing symptoms of disease or ulcers on the leaves, eyes, and body, but the catfish died within 20 days. There wasn't a single one. Furthermore, it was confirmed that there was one catfish that did not show symptoms of disease or ulcers for 20 days, so it was confirmed that the storage period in the tank was increased compared to the other groups.

On the other hand, when flounder, a saltwater fish, ingested the feed composition containing the sumac stem extract of the present invention, six individuals showed symptoms of illness or ulcers on the 12th day, and it was confirmed that some individuals died after 15 days. did.

In addition, it was confirmed that catfish and flounder that consumed the general feed composition died after 9 days.

Test Example 2. Measurement of crude fat content

After lyophilizing the flesh and skin from which the bones and intestines of catfish and flounder were removed, which were fed with the sumac stem feed composition and the general feed composition for 10 days, the freeze-dried samples were measured by the general method (Lee et al. 2008), and the solvent The crude fat content was quantified using ether (grade 1, Byucksan Pharmaceuticals) as the sole solvent.

division Catfish_Sumac stem feed composition Catfish_General feed composition Flounder_Sumac stem feed composition Halibut_General feed composition Crude fat content (%) 43.31± ^1.62a 30.75± ^0.94c 34.88± ^1.06b 30.48± ^1.43c

As shown in Table 2 above, it was confirmed that the catfish that consumed the feed composition containing the sumac tree stem extract of the present invention had a higher crude fat content than the other groups. In particular, the flounder that consumed the feed composition containing the sumac tree stem extract had a higher crude fat content than the other groups. It was confirmed that it was significantly higher than that.

Test Example 3. Fatty acid measurement

Analysis of fatty acids was measured by gas chromatography (GC) based on “1.1.5.4 fatty acids” among the general analysis methods of the Food Code. The fatty acid standard solution was prepared by dissolving 100 mg of FAME Mix C4-C24 (Supelco Inc, bellefonte, PA, USA), a standard mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (37 types), in 1 ml of isooctane. Gas chromatography (Agilent FID-7890B) was used to quantify fatty acids. CSO analyzed the types of fatty acids based on the retardation time of the standard fatty acid mix, and the fatty acid content was analyzed for the crude fat.

fatty acid
(Unit: g/100g) Catfish_Sumac stem feed composition Catfish_General feed composition Flounder_Sumac stem feed composition Halibut_General feed composition Butyric acid (C4:0) N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Caproic acid (C6:0) N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Caprylic acid (C8:0) N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Capric acid (C10:0) N.D. 0.004 N.D. N.D. Undecanoic acid (C11:0) 0.037 0.013 N.D. N.D. Lauric acid (C12:0) 0.088 0.020 N.D. N.D. Tridecanoic acid (C13:0) 0.007 N.D. N.D. N.D. Myristic acid (C14:0) 1.445 1.380 1.592 1.542 Tetradecenenoic (C14:1) 0.054 0.046 0.165 0.159 Pentadeanoic acid (C15:0) 0.199 0.172 0.4854 0.419 Pentadecenoic acid (C15:1) N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Palmitic acid (C16:0) 9.8110 7.644 12.666 10.886 Hexadecenoic acid (C16:1) 3.869 3.522 9.358 9.190 Margaric acid (C17:0) 0.181 0.147 0.627 0.519 Margaroleic acid (C17:1) 0.152 0.134 0.186 0.179 Stearic acid (C18:0) 2.480 2.007 1.836 1.692 Elaidic acid (C18:1n9t) 0.112 0.095 0.085 0.071 Oleic acid (C18:1n9c) 16.707 12.624 14.688 12.911 Linolelaidic acid (C18:2n6t) 0.010 0.008 0.012 0.010 Linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) 7.316 4.494 1.958 1.214 Arachidic acid (C20:0) 0.178 0.161 1.243 1.066 γ-Linolenic acid (C18:3n6) 0.126 0.098 0.134 0.120 Eicosenic acid (C20:2) 1.771 1.855 1.926 1.904 Linolenic acid + Henicosanoic acid (C18:3n3+C21:0) 0.564 0.371 0.555 0.388 Eicosadienoic acid (C20:2) 0.580 0.534 0.562 0.566 Behenic acid (C22:0) 0.067 0.051 0.065 0.056 c is -8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid
(C20:3n6) 0.251 0.195 0.226 0.185 Docosaenoic acid (C22:1) 0.231 0.269 0.225 0.276 cis -11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n6) 0.051 0.044 0.063 0.042 Tricosanoic acid + Arachidonic acid (C23:0+C20:4n6) 0.194 0.225 0.201 0.229 Docosadienoic acid (C22:2) 0.300 0.285 0.125 0.113 Lignoceric acid (C24:0) 0.046 0.046 0.057 0.056 Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) 1.382 1.724 1.336 1.703 Nervonic acid (C24:1) 0.129 0.134 0.262 0.248 Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) 3.263 3.973 1.205 1.619

Lauric acid increases good cholesterol (HDL) and reduces bad cholesterol (LDL), oleic acid is effective in wound healing, immunity, inflammatory diseases and cancer, and linoleic acid has an anti-inflammatory effect, and cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid (c is -8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid) is a fatty acid that is beneficial to the body.

As shown in Table 3 above, a large amount of these fatty acids was analyzed in catfish that consumed the feed composition containing the sumac tree stem extract of the present invention, and it was confirmed that it was higher than that of the other groups.

In addition, the catfish that consumed the feed composition containing the sumac tree stem extract of the present invention had an improvement of about 24% in unsaturated fatty acids compared to the catfish that consumed the general feed composition, but the catfish that consumed the feed composition containing the sumac tree stem extract had a general It was confirmed that unsaturated fatty acids were further improved in catfish, a freshwater fish, as it was improved by about 6% compared to flounder that consumed the feed composition.

Moreover, it was confirmed that the content of oleic acid and linoleic acid, which are important unsaturated fatty acids among unsaturated fatty acids, in catfish that consumed a feed composition containing sumac stem extract was higher than that of other groups.

Test Example 4. Sensory evaluation

For sensory evaluation, the flesh of catfish and kidnapping that had been fed for 10 days was provided to the sensory test panel. At this time, to avoid bias regarding the sample, a three-digit number extracted from a random number table was written on the sample container, and water and a spitting cup were provided to rinse the mouth during evaluation.

Sensory evaluation was conducted to evaluate the preference for lightness, chewiness, fishy taste, and overall preference using a 7-point scale. The higher the preference, the higher the score.

division Plain Chewy Fishy taste Comprehensive preference Catfish_Sumac stem feed composition 6.18± ^0.14a 6.24± ^0.41a 2.48± ^0.51a 6.21± ^0.51a Catfish_General feed composition 4.18± ^0.26c 4.34± ^0.22c 5.11± ^0.78c 4.25± ^0.37c Flounder_Sumac stem feed composition 5.91± ^0.43c 5.21± ^0.29c 3.43± ^0.60c 5.14± ^0.75c Halibut_General feed composition 4.25± ^0.27c 4.27± ^0.58c 5.28± ^0.48c 4.18± ^0.88c

As shown in Table 4 above, it was confirmed that catfish that consumed the feed composition containing sumac stem extract of the present invention had superior lightness, chewiness, and overall preference compared to other groups, and had almost no fishy taste.

Claims (10)

A feed additive for increasing unsaturated fatty acids containing Rhus verniciflua STOKES stem extract as an active ingredient is mixed at 5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of general feed and administered for 10 to 20 days, and the unsaturated fatty acid among fatty acids A catfish breeding method characterized by a 20-28% increase in fatty acids compared to catfish fed only regular feed. According to claim 1, when the feed additive is administered, the storage period of catfish in the tank increases by 9 to 20 days compared to when only regular feed is consumed, and the content of lauric acid among the fatty acids contained in catfish is 6.0. to 10.0 mg/100g, oleic acid content is 14.0 to 18.0 g/100g, linoleic acid content is 6.0 to 9.0 g/100g, and cis-8, 11, 14-eicozatrienoic acid. A method of raising catfish, characterized in that the content of (c is -8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid) is 200 to 400 mg/100g, and the crude fat content in catfish is 40 to 50%. The method of claim 1, wherein the unsaturated fatty acids include oleic acid, linoleic acid, cis-8, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid, and A method of raising catfish, characterized in that one or more species selected from the group consisting of hexadecenoic acid. The method of claim 1, wherein oleic acid increases by 32.3% compared to catfish that consumed only regular feed, linoleic acid increases by 62.8% compared to catfish that ingested only regular feed, and cis-8, 11, 14-eicojatri A catfish breeding method characterized by an increase in noic acid by 28.7% compared to catfish that consumed only regular feed, and a 9.8% increase in hexadecenoic acid compared to catfish that consumed only regular feed. The method of claim 1, wherein the lacquer tree stem extract is extracted with water, lower alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a mixed solvent thereof. The method of claim 5, wherein the mixed solvent is an aqueous solution of 20 to 80% by volume of methanol, ethanol, butanol, or propanol. A feed additive for increasing unsaturated fatty acids containing Rhus verniciflua STOKES stem extract as an active ingredient is mixed at 5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of general feed and administered for 10 to 20 days, and the unsaturated fatty acid among fatty acids A method of increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids in farmed catfish, characterized in that fatty acids are improved by 20-28% compared to catfish fed only regular feed. According to claim 7, when the feed additive is administered, the storage period of catfish in the tank increases by 9 to 20 days compared to when only regular feed is consumed, and the content of lauric acid among the fatty acids contained in catfish is 6.0. to 10.0 mg/100g, oleic acid content is 14.0 to 18.0 g/100g, linoleic acid content is 6.0 to 9.0 g/100g, and cis-8, 11, 14-eicozatrienoic acid. A method for increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids in farmed catfish, characterized in that the content of (c is -8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid) is 200 to 400 mg/100g, and the crude fat content in catfish is 40 to 50%. The method of claim 7, wherein the unsaturated fatty acids include oleic acid, linoleic acid, cis-8, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid, and A method for increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids in farmed catfish, characterized in that one or more species selected from the group consisting of hexadecenoic acid. The method of claim 7, wherein oleic acid increases by 32.3% compared to catfish that consumed only regular feed, linoleic acid increases by 62.8% compared to catfish that ingested only regular feed, and cis-8, 11, 14-eicojatri A method of increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids in farmed catfish, characterized in that noic acid increases by 28.7% compared to catfish that consumed only regular feed, and hexadecenoic acid increases by 9.8% compared to catfish that consumed only regular feed.