KR20230065508A - Method for preparing flexible smart window and flexible smart window prepared therefrom - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided are a method for manufacturing a flexible smart window and a flexible smart window prepared therefrom. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of: forming first and second polyimide layers on first and second glass substrates, respectively; forming first and second conductive layers on the first and second polyimide layers, respectively; forming a discoloring layer on the first conductive layer, and forming an ion storage layer on the second conductive layer; laminating the discoloring layer on the first glass substrate and the ion storage layer on the second glass substrate to face each other, and forming an electrolyte layer between the discoloring layer and the ion storage layer; and removing the first and second glass substrates. In the step of removing the first and second glass substrates, a laser lift-off process of separating the first and second glass substrates by irradiating the first and second polyimide layers with excimer laser light through the first and second glass substrates is performed. Therefore, the flexible smart window can be manufactured by using an electrochromic process at high temperatures of 400℃ or more.

Description

Manufacturing method of flexible smart window and flexible smart window manufactured therefrom

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for manufacturing a flexible smart window and a flexible smart window manufactured therefrom.

Among the methods of manufacturing a flexible smart window, the process using liquid crystal and the process using SPD (suspended particle device) require a lower process temperature than the electrochromic process, so optical films such as PET are applied to make flexible A method of manufacturing a smart window is widely known. However, in electrochromic technology, since the discoloration layer and the ion storage layer are processed at a high temperature of 400 ° C or higher, PET or optical film applied to conventional liquid crystal and SPD technology lacks heat resistance, making it difficult to apply to electrochromic technology. there is

An embodiment of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a flexible smart window, which can manufacture a flexible smart window using an electrochromic process at a high temperature of 400 ° C. or higher by applying a polyimide and a laser lift off (LLO) process, and A flexible smart window manufactured therefrom is provided.

A method for manufacturing a flexible smart window according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first glass substrate, a first polyimide layer, a first conductive layer, a discoloration layer, an electrolyte layer, an ion storage layer, a second conductive layer, and a second polyimide layer. Forming each layer so that the mid layer and the second glass substrate are sequentially laminated; and removing the first and second glass substrates, wherein in the removing of the first and second glass substrates, the first and second polyimides are removed through the first and second glass substrates. A laser lift-off process of separating the first and second glass substrates by irradiating the layer with excimer laser light is performed.

A flexible smart window according to an embodiment of the present invention is a flexible smart window manufactured by a method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and includes a first polyimide layer; a first conductive layer; discoloration layer; electrolyte layer; ion storage layer; a second conductive layer; and a second polyimide layer; are sequentially laminated.

According to the present technology, a flexible smart window manufacturing method capable of manufacturing a flexible smart window using an electrochromic process at a high temperature of 400 ° C. or higher by applying a polyimide and laser lift-off process, and a flexible smart window manufactured therefrom Provided.

1 illustrates a flexible smart window from which a glass substrate is removed according to a method for manufacturing a flexible smart window according to an embodiment.
2 illustrates a process of forming a polyimide layer using a glass substrate and applying electrochromic technology in a method of manufacturing a flexible smart window according to an embodiment.
3 shows a flexible smart window manufactured according to an embodiment.

Structural or functional descriptions of the embodiments disclosed in this specification or application are merely illustrated for the purpose of explaining embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention, and embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention In addition to the embodiments disclosed in the application, it may be implemented in various forms, and the technical spirit of the present invention is not construed as being limited to the embodiments described in this specification or application.

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a flexible smart window according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In this specification and drawings, "glass substrate" or "glass layer" are described with the same meaning. In addition, in the present specification and drawings, "transparent PI layer" or "polyimide layer" is described with the same meaning.

In addition, in this specification, "first" and "second" are described to distinguish and describe a plurality of layers included in the flexible smart window according to the present disclosure with reference to the drawings, and do not limit the order of the steps. .

In addition, in this specification, unless otherwise defined, when a part such as a layer, film, thin film, region, plate, etc. is said to be “on”, “on” or “on top” of another part, it means “directly on top” of another part. ” It may include not only the case where there is, but also the case where there is another part in the middle. In addition, unless otherwise specified, when a part such as a layer, film, thin film, region, plate, etc. is said to be “below”, “below” or “below” another part, this is the case that it is “directly below” the other part. In addition, it may include the case where there is another part in the middle.

1 illustrates a flexible smart window from which glass substrates 100_1 and 100_2 and polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2 are removed according to a method for manufacturing a flexible smart window according to an embodiment.

As described above, since an optical film such as PET lacks heat resistance, it is not appropriate to use PET in an electrochromic technique in which a discoloration layer and an ion storage layer are treated at a high temperature of 400° C. or higher. Accordingly, by coating the glass substrate with the polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2 having excellent heat resistance and solar transmittance, a flexible smart window can be manufactured by applying electrochromic technology requiring high temperature treatment.

The flexible smart window according to the present disclosure may apply a transparent polyimide layer instead of the existing glass layer. For example, when the thickness of the existing glass layer is 500 μm, the transparent polyimide layer is about 5 μm, so the smart window The weight of the can be greatly reduced, and the handling is easier. In addition, conventionally used PET has a glass transition temperature of 120 ° C to 150 ° C, whereas polyimide has a glass transition temperature of 450 ° C or higher, so it can be sufficiently applied to electrochromic technology requiring high temperature treatment of 400 ° C or higher. In particular, since the electrochromic process applied in the manufacturing method of the flexible smart window according to the present disclosure is faster than the conventional method by applying a high-temperature process and has a fast response rate of variable permeability, it is more flexible than the prior art and has excellent performance. A flexible smart window can be manufactured.

In addition, polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2 are formed on the glass substrates 100_1 and 100_2, and excimer laser light is irradiated to the interfaces of the polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2 through the glass substrate to obtain the glass substrate ( By performing a laser lift-off process for separating 100_1 and 100_2), a flexible smart window in which the polyimide layer replaces the glass substrate can be manufactured.

At this time, the irradiated excimer laser light passes through the glass substrates 100_1 and 100_2 and is absorbed by the polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2, and the interface of the polyimide layer is carbonized (200_1 and 200_2), thereby reducing the adhesive strength with the glass substrate. While being decomposed, separation of the glass substrates 100_1 and 100_2 may occur, and the glass substrates may be removed.

As described above, the method for manufacturing a flexible smart window according to the present disclosure includes a first glass substrate, a first polyimide layer, a first conductive layer, a discoloration layer, an electrolyte layer, an ion storage layer, a second conductive layer, and a second polyimide layer. Forming each layer so that the mid layer and the second glass substrate are sequentially laminated; and removing the first and second glass substrates, wherein in the removing of the first and second glass substrates, the first and second polyimides are removed through the first and second glass substrates. A laser lift-off process may be performed to separate the first and second glass substrates by irradiating the layer with excimer laser light.

According to an embodiment, the forming of each layer may include forming first and second polyimide layers on the first and second glass substrates, respectively; forming first and second conductive layers on the first and second polyimide layers, respectively; forming a color changing layer on the first conductive layer and forming an ion storage layer on the second conductive layer; and laminating the color-changing layer on the first glass substrate and the ion storage layer on the second glass substrate to face each other, and forming an electrolyte layer between the color-changing layer and the ion storage layer.

The first and second glass substrates 100_1 and 100_2 may have a thickness of 10 μm to 1,000 μm, for example, 100 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 500 μm, 700 μm, or 800 μm, Not limited to this.

2(a) shows steps of forming first and second polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2 on the glass substrate, respectively, and polyimide layers 200_1 and 100_2 are formed on the first and second glass substrates 100_1 and 100_2. It may be performed by applying a mix acid composition and curing at a specific temperature.

Since the first and second polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2 have excellent adhesion to the glass substrates 100_1 and 100_2, the laser lift-off process is performed while the above-described layers are sequentially stacked without peeling. Accordingly, the glass substrate and the polyimide layer may be separated. The first and second polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2 include an adhesion promoter or further include an adhesion promotion layer between the glass substrates 100_1 and 100_2 and the first and second polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2. , but may further improve adhesion, but is not limited thereto. The adhesion promoting layer may be formed on a glass substrate by coating, and may have, for example, a thickness of 20 to 500 nm.

The temperature at which the polyamic acid composition is cured may be 400°C or more, 410°C or more, 420°C or more, 430°C or more, 440°C or more or 450°C or more, and 800°C or less, 700°C or less, 600°C or less, or 500°C. Hereinafter, it may be 490 ° C or less or 470 ° C or less, and for example, it may be a temperature of 400 ° C to 800 ° C, 420 ° C to 600 ° C, 430 ° C to 500 ° C, or 450 ° C to 470 ° C, but is not limited thereto. When the curing temperature is out of the above numerical range, it is difficult to obtain desired physical properties (average solar transmittance, heat resistance, etc.) of the polyimide layer.

The first and second polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2 may have transmittance of 1% or less for a 308 nm wavelength based on a thickness of 10 μm. Since the first and second polyimide layers have the above-described transmittance, the above-described laser lift-off process can be more easily performed with a relatively low energy density using excimer laser light. Accordingly, it is possible to further prevent a phenomenon in which the entire first and second polyimide layers are carbonized by the laser lift-off process, and the effect on other layers can be further reduced.

The thickness of the first and second polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2 may be 1 μm or more, 2 μm or more, 3 μm or more, 4 μm or more, or 5 μm or more, and may be 50 μm or less, 40 μm or less, or 30 μm or less. , 20 μm or less or 10 μm or less, for example, 1 to 50 μm, 2 to 40 μm, 3 to 20 μm, or 5 to 10 μm, but is not limited thereto.

2 (b) shows the steps of forming first and second conductive layers 300_1 and 300_2 on the first and second polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2, respectively; and forming the discoloration layer 400 on the first conductive layer 300_1 and forming the ion storage layer 500 on the second conductive layer 300_2.

The first and second conductive layers 300_1 and 300_2 may include Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Indium Oxide (In ₂ O ₃ ), Indium Galium Oxide (IGO), Fluor doped Tin Oxide (FTO), and Aluminum doped AZO (AZO). Zinc Oxide), GZO (Galium doped Zinc Oxide), ATO (Antimony doped Tin Oxide), IZO (Indium doped Zinc Oxide), NTO (Niobium doped Titanium Oxide), ZnO (Zink Oxide) or CTO (Cesium Tungsten Oxide) It may include one or more conductive oxides selected from the group.

Methods of forming the conductive layers 300_1 and 300_2 are not particularly limited. For example, when the conductive layers 300_1 and 300_2 include a conductive oxide, the conductive layers may be formed by the above-described deposition method.

The conductive layers 300_1 and 300_2 may have a thickness of 20 nm or more, 30 nm or more, 35 nm or more, 40 nm or more, 45 nm or more, 50 nm or more, 55 nm or more, or 60 nm or more, 400 nm or less, 350 nm or less. nm or less, 300 nm or less, 250 nm or less, 200 nm or less, 150 nm or less, or 100 nm or less, for example, 20 to 400 nm, 30 to 350 nm, or 50 to 100 nm, but is not limited thereto. .

The discoloration layer 400 may include one of a reductive discoloration material and an oxidative discoloration material, wherein the reductive discoloration material is one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Mo, Ta, or W, and the oxidative discoloration material The material may be one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh or Ir; one or more hydroxides selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, and Ir; and Prussian blue.

The color-changing layer 400 may be formed by applying a coating composition including the above-described color-changing material, a solvent, and a silane-based compound to the first conductive layer; and drying the coating composition applied on the first conductive layer 300_1 at a temperature of 450 °C or higher to form the discoloration layer 400.

The coating composition applied on the first conductive layer 300_1 is dried at a temperature of 450° C. or higher, and as a result, a discoloration layer including a discoloration material may be formed on the first conductive layer 300_1. A solvent such as alcohol is removed at a temperature of 450° C. or higher, and a solid discoloration layer 400 may be formed as a result of condensation and hydrolysis of the silane-based compound. At this drying temperature, only the solvent is removed (evaporated). As the lower limit of the drying temperature, a temperature sufficient to remove the solvent used is sufficient. For example, the drying temperature may be 450 °C or higher, 460 °C or higher, 470 °C or higher, 480 °C or higher, 490 °C or higher, or 500 °C or higher. The drying time may be in the range of several minutes to several hundred minutes, for example within the range of 1 minute to 200 minutes.

The color-changing layer 400 may have a thickness of 20 nm or more, 30 nm or more, 35 nm or more, 40 nm or more, 45 nm or more, 50 nm or more, 55 nm or more, or 60 nm or more, 400 nm or less, 350 nm or less. , 300 nm or less, 250 nm or less, 200 nm or less, 150 nm or less, or 100 nm or less, for example, 20 to 400 nm, 30 to 350 nm, or 50 to 100 nm, but is not limited thereto.

The ion storage layer 500 may include one or more oxides or hydroxides selected from Ni, Co, and Mn. The ion storage layer 500 may be formed in the same way as the discoloration layer 500 .

The thickness of the ion storage layer 500 is 50 nm or more, 60 nm or more, 80 nm or more, 90 nm or more, 100 nm or more, 120 nm or more, 130 nm or more, 140 nm or more, 150 nm or more, 180 nm or more, It may be 190 nm or more or 200 nm or more, and may be 500 nm or less, 450 nm or less, 400 nm or less, 350 nm or less, 300 nm or less, or 250 nm or less, for example, 50 to 500 nm, 80 to 450 nm or It may be 100 to 250 nm, contain a sufficient amount of electrolyte ions that can be used for the electrochromic reaction, and may have an advantageous thickness to balance the charge with the color-changing layer 400, but is not limited thereto.

In (c) of FIG. 2, the discoloration layer 400 on the first glass substrate 100_1 and the ion storage layer 700 on the second glass substrate 100_2 are laminated so that they face each other, and the discoloration layer ( 400) and the step of forming the electrolyte layer 600 between the ion storage layer 500.

The electrolyte layer 600 provides electrolyte ions involved in the electrochromic reaction to the discoloration layer 400 . The type of electrolyte is not particularly limited. For example, a liquid electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte or an inorganic solid electrolyte may be used without limitation.

The electrolyte layer 600 may include a metal salt capable of providing electrolyte ions selected from H ⁺ , Li ⁺ , Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , Rb ⁺ or Cs ⁺ , for example, LiClO ₄ , LiBF ₄ , LiAsF ₆ , or LiPF ₆ or a lithium salt compound such as, or a sodium salt compound such as NaClO ₄ .

The electrolyte layer 600 may further include a carbonate compound as a solvent. Since the carbonate-based compound has a high dielectric constant, the ion conductivity can be increased. As a non-limiting example, a solvent such as PC (propylene carbonate), EC (ethylene carbonate), DMC (dimethyl carbonate), DEC (diethyl carbonate) or EMC (ethylmethyl carbonate) may be used as the carbonate-based compound.

(d) and (f) of FIG. 2 show the steps of removing the first and second glass substrates 100_1 and 100_2, and the steps of removing the first and second glass substrates 100_1 and 100_2. In, excimer laser light is irradiated to the first and second polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2 through the first and second glass substrates 100_1 and 100_2 to form the first and second glass substrates 100_1 and 100_2 ) and perform a laser lift-off process to separate them. The irradiated excimer laser light passes through the glass substrates 100_1 and 100_2, is absorbed by the polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2, and decomposes while being carbonized at the interface between the polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2 and the glass substrate ( Separation of 100_1, 100_2) occurs, so that the glass substrate can be removed. The excimer laser light may be 190 nm to 308 nm.

According to an embodiment, in the manufacturing method of the flexible smart window of the present disclosure, after the step of removing the first and second glass substrates 100_1 and 100_2, the first and second polyimide layers 200_1 and 200_2 protect the A step of attaching the films 700_1 and 700_2 may be further included. 2 (e) and (g), in the manufacturing method of the flexible smart window of the present disclosure, after the step of removing the first and second glass substrates 100_1 and 100_2, the first and second polyimide It shows that the step of attaching the protective films 700_1 and 700_2 to the layers 200_1 and 200_2 is additionally performed.

After the second glass substrate 100_2 is removed by the laser lift-off process in (d) of FIG. 2, the second protective film 700_2 is attached to the second polyimide layer 200_2 in (e) of FIG. After the first glass substrate 100_1 is removed by the laser lift-off process in FIG. 2(f), the first protective film 700_1 is applied to the first polyimide layer 200_1 in FIG. 2(g). is attached

A flexible smart window according to an embodiment of the present invention is a flexible smart window manufactured by a method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and includes a first polyimide layer; a first conductive layer; discoloration layer; electrolyte layer; ion storage layer; a second conductive layer; and a second polyimide layer; are sequentially laminated.

4 shows a flexible smart window manufactured according to an embodiment, and as power is applied or not applied to the first and second conductive layers 300_1 and 300_2, the ion storage layer 500 through the electrolyte layer 600 Ions, for example, Li ⁺ ions, move to the color-changing layer 400 so that coloring and discoloration can be seen alternately.

According to an embodiment, the flexible smart window of the present disclosure may further include protective films 700_1 and 700_2 laminated on the upper portion of the first polyimide layer 200_1 and the lower portion of the second polyimide layer 200_2. It can be (see (g) in FIG. 2).

According to an embodiment, the flexible smart window of the present disclosure may have an average solar transmittance of 80% or more, for example, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, or 99% or more.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the following Examples and Comparative Examples are only examples for explaining the present invention in more detail, and the present invention is not limited by the following Examples and Comparative Examples.

Example One

Non-alkali glass with a thickness of 0.5 mm was used as the first glass substrate.

A polyamic acid (PAA) solution, which is a polyimide precursor solution, is applied on the first glass substrate, and heat-treated at 80 ° C for 30 min and 470 ° C for 45 min at a rate of 5 ° C / min under an oxygen concentration of 100 LPM or less to obtain 5 μm of polyimide. It was coated to a thickness to obtain a laminate in which the first polyimide layer was coated on the first glass substrate.

After an ITO/TTO conductive layer (first conductive layer) was deposited on the laminate at 150° C., a color change layer was coated, and heat treatment was performed at 470° C. to prepare a substrate coated with the color change layer.

After forming a second polyimide layer on a second glass substrate, depositing an ITO/TTO conductive layer (second conductive layer), coating an ion storage layer under the same conditions as the discoloration layer, heat treatment at 470 ° C, and storing ions A substrate coated with the layer was prepared.

The ion storage layer substrate and the discoloration layer substrate are laminated, electrolyte is injected into the inside, sealed with a sealant, and then the first glass substrate is irradiated with an excimer laser using a laser lift off process to peel and protect After laminating the film, the second glass substrate was applied in the same manner and peeled off, and the protective film was laminated to prepare a flexible smart window substrate.

comparative example One

In the same manner as in Example 1, OCA (optical clear adhesive, 25 μm) / OCF (optical film, Toyobo Co., Ltd. 50 μm) substrate was laminated on a glass substrate on a 0.5 mm glass substrate, and then the same as in Example 1 An electrochromic (EC) process was performed.

comparative example 2

The procedure was the same as in Comparative Example 1, but OCA (25 μm) / COP (cyclic olefin polymer, Zeon Co.) 50 μm was applied as the substrate.

Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Types of polymer materials PAA OCF COP Whether to use OCA 25㎛ not used Used Used layered coating laminating laminating EC process application possible impossible impossible

As can be seen in the above Examples and Comparative Examples, in Example 1 in which a polyimide layer was formed on a glass substrate by applying a polyamic acid (PAA) solution as a polymer material, a discoloration layer and an ion storage layer were formed at a high temperature of 400 ° C. or higher. An electrochromic process for treatment could be applied. However, in the case of Comparative Example 1 or 2 using a PET-based optical film (OCF) or a cyclic olefin polymer (COP) having relatively poor heat resistance as a polymer material, it was confirmed that the electrochromic process could not be applied.

Claims (20)

The first glass substrate, the first polyimide layer, the first conductive layer, the discoloration layer, the electrolyte layer, the ion storage layer, the second conductive layer, the second polyimide layer, and the second glass substrate are sequentially laminated so that each layer is forming; and
Including; removing the first and second glass substrates,
In the step of removing the first and second glass substrates, the first and second polyimide layers are irradiated with excimer laser light through the first and second glass substrates to separate the first and second glass substrates. to perform the laser lift-off process,
Manufacturing method of flexible smart window.
According to claim 1,
The steps of forming each layer are,
Forming first and second polyimide layers on the first and second glass substrates, respectively;
forming first and second conductive layers on the first and second polyimide layers, respectively;
forming a color changing layer on the first conductive layer and forming an ion storage layer on the second conductive layer; and
Laminating the color-changing layer on the first glass substrate and the ion storage layer on the second glass substrate so that they face each other, and forming an electrolyte layer between the color-changing layer and the ion storage layer; Including,
Manufacturing method of flexible smart window.
According to claim 2,
In the step of forming first and second polyimide layers on the first and second glass substrates, respectively
The first and second polyimide layers have a transmittance of 1% or less for a 308 nm wavelength based on a thickness of 10 μm,
Manufacturing method of flexible smart window.
According to claim 2,
In the step of forming the first and second polyimide layers on the first and second glass substrates, respectively, the polyamic acid composition is coated on the first and second glass substrates, and at a temperature of 400 ° C to 800 ° C. Carried out by hardening,
Manufacturing method of flexible smart window.
According to claim 1,
The thickness of the first and second polyimide layers is 1 to 50 μm,
Manufacturing method of flexible smart window.
According to claim 1,
The first and second conductive layers may include Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Indium Oxide (In ₂ O ₃ ), Indium Galium Oxide (IGO), Fluor doped Tin Oxide (FTO), Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide (AZO), and GZO. (Galium doped Zinc Oxide), ATO (Antimony doped Tin Oxide), IZO (Indium doped Zinc Oxide), NTO (Niobium doped Titanium Oxide), ZnO (Zink Oxide) or CTO (Cesium Tungsten Oxide). Containing the above conductive oxide,
Manufacturing method of flexible smart window.
According to claim 1,
The discoloration layer
one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Mo, Ta, W, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, and Ir; one or more hydroxides selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, and Ir; Or a color changing material selected from Prussian Blue,
Manufacturing method of flexible smart window.
According to claim 1,
The ion storage layer includes at least one oxide or hydroxide selected from Ni, Co, and Mn.
Manufacturing method of flexible smart window.
According to claim 1,
The electrolyte layer contains a metal salt capable of providing electrolyte ions selected from H ⁺ , Li ⁺ , Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , Rb ⁺ or Cs ⁺ ,
Manufacturing method of flexible smart window.
According to claim 1,
The excimer laser light has a wavelength in the range of 190 nm to 308 nm,
Manufacturing method of flexible smart window.
According to claim 1,
Further comprising the step of attaching a protective film to the first and second polyimide layers after the step of removing the first and second glass substrates,
Manufacturing method of flexible smart window.
a first polyimide layer;
a first conductive layer;
discoloration layer;
electrolyte layer;
ion storage layer;
a second conductive layer; and
The second polyimide layer; is sequentially laminated,
Flexible smart windows.
According to claim 12,
The first and second polyimide layers have a transmittance of 1% or less for a 308 nm wavelength when the thickness is 10 μm,
Flexible smart windows.
According to claim 12,
The thickness of the first and second polyimide layers is 1 to 50 μm,
Flexible smart windows.
According to claim 12,
The first and second conductive layers may include Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Indium Oxide (In ₂ O ₃ ), Indium Galium Oxide (IGO), Fluor doped Tin Oxide (FTO), Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide (AZO), and GZO. (Galium doped Zinc Oxide), ATO (Antimony doped Tin Oxide), IZO (Indium doped Zinc Oxide), NTO (Niobium doped Titanium Oxide), ZnO (Zink Oxide) or CTO (Cesium Tungsten Oxide). Containing the above conductive oxide,
Flexible smart windows.
According to claim 12,
The discoloration layer
one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Mo, Ta, W, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, and Ir; one or more hydroxides selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, and Ir; Or a color changing material selected from Prussian Blue,
Flexible smart windows.
According to claim 12,
The ion storage layer includes at least one oxide or hydroxide selected from Ni, Co, and Mn.
Flexible smart windows.
According to claim 12,
The electrolyte layer contains a metal salt capable of providing electrolyte ions selected from H ⁺ , Li ⁺ , Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , Rb ⁺ or Cs ⁺ ,
Flexible smart windows.
According to claim 12,
Further comprising a protective film on the upper portion of the first polyimide layer and the lower portion of the second polyimide layer,
Flexible smart windows.
According to claim 12,
A flexible smart window with an average solar transmittance of over 80%.

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