KR20230033599A - Exhaust gas cleaning system for a merchant ship, merchant ship, and use of at least one absorbent agent - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an exhaust gas cleaning system (1) for a merchant ship, in particular, a container ships, a bulk carrier, an oil tanker, a chemical tanker, a general cargo ship or a liquefied gas tanker. The exhaust gas cleaning system (1) uses one or more solid absorbents configured to at least partially remove gaseous pollutants, in particular, CO_2, SO_x and/or NO_x, from an exhaust gas stream, wherein the absorbent is based on one or more lithium compounds.

Description

EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEM FOR A MERCHANT SHIP, MERCHANT SHIP, AND USE OF AT LEAST ONE ABSORBENT AGENT}

The present invention relates to an exhaust gas cleaning system for merchant ships. The invention also relates to a merchant ship having an exhaust gas cleaning system. The invention also relates to the use of one or more absorbents based on one or more lithium compounds for at least partly removing gaseous pollutants, in particular CO ₂ , SO _X and/or NO _X , from the exhaust gases of ship engines.

Merchant ships can be divided into four basic groups: liquid, dry bulk, other dry cargo and other types (all other surface vessels). A merchant ship may be one of the following ship types according to ICST-COM classification: specifically liquid bulk oil tanker, chemical tanker, LG tanker, tanker barge. , other tanker, dry bulk, bulk/oil carrier, bulk carrier, container, full container, specialized trouser carrier ( specialized barge carrier, chemical carrier, irradiated fuel, livestock carrier, vehicle carrier, general cargo, non-specialized ripper -specialised reefer), ro-ro (roll-on-roll-of) passenger, ro-ro continer, other ro- other ro-ro cargo, combination carrier general cargo/passenger, combination carrier general cargo/container, single-decker, Multi-decker, dry cargo barge, deck barge, hopper barge, lash seabe barge, open dry cargo barge ), covered dry cargo barge, other dry cargo barge, passenger (cruise passenger) Excluding) (passenger (excluding cruise passengers)), cruise passenger. Other merchant ships include offshore activities drilling and exploration, offshore supperts, tugs, pusher craft, miscellaneous dredgers, research/ Research/surcey, or other surface vessels may be included. Merchant ships may in particular be cargo ships such as container ships, dry bulk carriers or tankers. Tankers include ships such as oil tankers, chemical tankers and liquefied gas tankers.

Exhaust gas cleaning system for merchant ships removes particulate matter and contaminants from the exhaust gas generated during the combustion process of ship engines or ship engines, especially sulfur oxide (SO _X ) and nitrogen oxide (NO _X ). It is used to remove harmful substances.

Exhaust gas cleaning systems generally use so-called wet scrubbers, which use seawater or fresh water supplied with chemical additives as scrubbing medium, and pellets of hydrated lime as scrubbing medium. So-called dry scrubbers can be divided into so-called dry scrubbers using solid ingredients such as soda lime). Wet scrubbers are considered harmful to the environment as they produce liquid sludge that must be disposed of overboard. There is also a growing desire to tackle carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) emissions caused by merchant ships that known exhaust gas cleaning systems cannot meet.

The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular for merchant ships, ships equipped with corresponding equipment, the production of liquid sludge can be reduced or eliminated, contaminants including harmful substances can be removed and /or, to provide for the use of suitable absorbents as well as exhaust gas cleaning systems, which can reduce CO ₂ emissions in a particularly efficient way.

This object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to an exhaust gas cleaning system for merchant ships. In particular, merchant ships include a container ship, a bulk carrier, an oil tanker, a chemical tanker, a general cargo ship, and a liquefied gas tanker ( a liquefied gas tanker) and the like. An exhaust gas cleaning system uses one or more solid absorbents configured to at least partially remove gaseous contaminants from an exhaust gas stream. Merchant ships generally include one or more combustion engines or auxiliary combustion engines that emit an exhaust gas stream. The term "dry scrubber" may be used to refer to a general type of exhaust gas cleaning system that uses a solid absorbent. The solid absorbent of the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the present invention may be referred to as "sorbent". In particular, the exhaust gas cleaning system is configured for at least partial removal of gaseous pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), sulfur oxides (SO _X ) and/or nitrogen oxides (NO _X ). Preferably, the exhaust gas cleaning system is configured to at least partially remove one or more gaseous pollutants from the list consisting of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), sulfur oxides (SO _X ) and nitrogen oxides (NO _X ). More specifically, the exhaust gas cleaning system provides at least partial removal of carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas stream, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 75%, even more preferably at least 75% of the carbon dioxide emitted by or from the engine of the merchant ship. is configured to remove more than 90%. All %-designations are to be understood as relating to weight-%. The exhaust gas cleaning system may in particular be configured to at least partially remove carbon dioxide as well as one or more additional contaminants.

According to the present invention, the absorbent is based on one or more lithium-based compounds. Surprisingly, it has been found that lithium-based compounds are particularly suitable for efficiently removing contaminants from exhaust gas streams of merchant ships. Advantageously, compared to conventional wet scrubbers, the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the present invention does not result in the production of any liquid effluent that would normally be disposed of overboard, thereby potentially undesirably damaging the environment. do not cause an impact It is a particular advantage of the present invention that absorbents comprising one or more lithium-based compounds allow merchant ships to be equipped or refurbished with carbon dioxide abatement measures to counteract emissions of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. . The exhaust gas cleaning system according to the present invention thereby enables effective decarbonization of merchant shipping. By applying the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the present invention, the scrubber can advantageously be upgraded or provided to allow capture of carbon dioxide as well as optional additional contaminants at the exhaust point.

In one embodiment of the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the present invention, the one or more lithium compounds are lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), lithium solid silicate (LiSi), lithium zirconate (lithium zirconate; Li ₂ ZrO ₃ ) and lithium carbonate (Li ₂ CO ₃ ). The absorbent may comprise or consist of one or more lithium compounds selected from the above-mentioned list. Alternatively, the absorbent may comprise or consist of several lithium compounds, at least one or all of which may be selected from the above mentioned list. It may be desirable for at least 50 weight-% of the solid absorbent to be made of one lithium compound or several lithium compounds.

In a preferred embodiment of the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention, the absorbent contains at least 50 weight-% lithium hydroxide, in particular at least 75 weight-% lithium hydroxide, preferably at least 90 weight-% lithium hydroxide, more preferably at least 95 weight-% lithium hydroxide. The lithium compound can be in powder form and/or enclosed in a polymer sheet. Alternatively or additionally, the lithium compound may be provided as pellets. In an exemplary embodiment, the absorbent may comprise or consist of Spiralith(TM).

In another preferred embodiment that may be combined with the foregoing (so long as attention is paid to the appropriate combination of weight percentages), the absorbent is calcium hydroxide, particularly at least 30 weight-% calcium hydroxide, preferably 60 weight percent. -% or more calcium hydroxide, in particular greater than or equal to 75 weight-% calcium hydroxide. Additionally or alternatively, the absorbent comprises one or more catalizers. The solid absorbent may preferably include one or more catalizers based on or embodied as lithium compounds. In particular, the solid absorbent contains lithium chloride as a catalizer. The absorbent may in particular comprise from 0.01% to 15% by weight, in particular from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more particularly from 1% to 5%, preferably up to 3% by weight of the catalizer. An exemplary embodiment of a solid sorbent comprising calcium hydroxide and lithium chloride is lithium hydroxide lime, which is commercially available under the trade name Lytholyme™. An exhaust gas cleaning system using such an absorbent has advantages of minimizing heat generation, simplifying exhaust gas processing, and facilitating handling of the lithium compound-based solid absorbent.

The absorbent may be provided in a predetermined ratio to the exhaust gas cleaning system. The predetermined ratio may be determined by weight to volume of gaseous pollutants, such as in particular CO ₂ , SO _x and/or NO _x , or may be defined as the ratio of the absorbent discharging the volume of exhaust gas containing gaseous pollutants. . In particular, the absorbent is present in the exhaust gas cleaning system at a rate of at least 0.1 mg/m³, in particular at least 1 mg/m³, preferably at least 3 mg/m³, and/or at a rate of not more than 1 g/m³, in particular not more than 100 mg/m³, preferably It can be provided at rates below 10 mg/m³. More specifically, calcium hydroxide and/or lithium chloride may be provided to the exhaust gas cleaning system at a rate of 5±1 mg/m³. Most specifically, calcium hydroxide and/or lithium chloride is present in the exhaust gas cleaning system at a rate of at least 0.1 mg/m³, in particular at least 1 mg/m³, preferably at least 3 mg/m³ and/or at a rate of not more than 1 g/m³, In particular, it may be provided at a rate of less than or equal to 100 mg/m³, preferably less than or equal to 10 mg/m³. In certain embodiments, the absorbent may be provided to the exhaust gas cleaning system at a rate of 5±1 mg/m³. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the absorbent used in the exhaust gas cleaning system does not contain NaO and/or KOH. Additionally or alternatively, the absorbent does not contain a catalizer containing sodium (Na) and/or potassium (K). Sodium and potassium are considered detrimental to the environment.

In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid absorbent of the exhaust gas cleaning system has a binding capacity for carbon dioxide of at least 10 L/100 g. In particular, the binding capacity for carbon dioxide is 15 L/100 g or more, preferably 25 L/100 g or more. Thereby, the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the present invention can provide a significant contribution to the decarbonization of merchant ships.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid absorbent is contained within one or more cartridges. The cartridge may in particular be canister-shaped or disk-shaped. The exhaust gas cleaning system preferably includes a number of cartridges. The individual cartridges of the exhaust gas cleaning system, in particular the plurality of cartridges, contain between 1 kg and 1 t, or even more, for example 30 t or up to 50 t of solid absorbent, in particular between 10 kg and 500 kg, preferably between 50 kg and 250 kg. can be configured. The use of one or more cartridges allows particularly simple and safe handling of the absorbent.

In a preferred embodiment, the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the present invention comprises one or more absorbents, such as a cargo container or a tower silo configured to hold an absorbent, in particular an absorbent, contained in one cartridge or in a plurality of cartridges. Contains a storage container.

In one embodiment that may be combined with the foregoing, the exhaust gas cleaning system includes one or more air quality monitors for detecting the concentration of one or more gaseous pollutants in the exhaust gas stream. In a simple embodiment, one or more air quality monitors are configured to detect the presence or presence of critical concentrations of one or more specific gaseous pollutants in an exhaust gas stream in the region of the monitor. Alternatively or additionally, the one or more air quality monitors are configured to determine an amount, in particular a trace amount, of one or more specific gaseous pollutants in the exhaust gas stream in the region of the monitor. One, two or more air quality monitors may be arranged in the exhaust gas cleaning system at one or several different locations between a pollutant source, such as a combustion engine, and an exhaust gas system venting to the atmosphere, such as a funnel. The exhaust gas system may in particular include a primary air quality monitor arranged upstream of the absorbent. Alternatively or additionally, the exhaust gas system may comprise a secondary equity for monitoring arranged in particular downstream of the absorber.

In a further embodiment, the exhaust gas cleaning system comprises one or more gas property sensors, in particular a gas pressure sensor and/or a gas temperature sensor. A gas properties sensor is arranged in particular near the air quality monitor. The air quality monitor may be combined with at least one of a temperature monitor and/or a gas pressure monitor to improve monitoring quality.

In particular, the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the present invention has no water injection means. Preferably, the exhaust gas cleaning system is configured to at least partially remove gaseous contaminants from the exhaust gas stream through the use of a solid absorbent without the application of water.

In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a merchant ship comprising a ship engine composed of a combustion engine, and an exhaust system for discharging exhaust gas emitted by the ship engine through a funnel. Merchant ships include, in particular, a container ship, a bulk carrier, an oil tanker, a chemical tanker, a general cargo ship, and a liquefied gas tanker. gas tanker) and the like. The ship engine may be a propulsion engine or an auxiliary engine. Conventional merchant ships with ship engines are generally considered to emit 10,000 to 100,000 tons of carbon dioxide per year. Merchant ships may contain multiple engines with separate or combined exhaust systems. According to the present invention, the exhaust system of a merchant ship includes an exhaust gas cleaning system as described above.

In a preferred embodiment, the ship engine is implemented as an electronically controlled engine. The ship engine may be a two-stroke engine and/or a direct reversible crosshead type diesel engine. The ship engine may be provided with a turbocharging device, in particular a turbocharging device configured for constant pressure. In particularly preferred embodiments, the ship engine comprises a number equal to 4, 6, 8 or 12 cylinders. The preferred ship engine is the MAN B&W 6G60ME-C9.5 (Tier III) engine (2022), especially the HYUNDAI - MAN B&W 6G60ME-C9.5 (2022) type engine. The ship engine is preferably constructed and/or equipped for fuel oil, preferably fuel oil having a low calorific value of at least 35000 kJ/kg, in particular at least 40000 kJ/kg and more particularly at least 42700 kJ/kg. The fuel oil may be HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil), in particular HFO according to ISO8217:2012, ISO-F-RMK 700, MDO (Marine Diesel Oil), in particular MDO according to ISO 8217:2012, ISO-F-RMA 10 and/or In particular, it can be specified as an MDO according to ISO 8217:2012, ISO-F-DMA or DMZ.

In a preferred embodiment of the merchant ship according to the present invention, the exhaust system comprises an exhaust processing conduit such as a tower, optionally a cooling tower, the conduit comprising an exhaust gas stream It is configured to guide (guide). Exhaust processing conduits, especially towers, contain one or more receptions for absorbents. Preferably, one or more receptions are configured to hold one or more cartridges containing a solid absorbent. In particular, the exhaust system includes one or more receptions for holding one or more cartridges. Alternatively or additionally, the exhaust system includes a plurality of receptions, each configured to hold one individual cartridge or several cartridges.

In a further development of the merchant ship according to the present invention, the exhaust system includes one or more blowers configured to urge exhaust gases into the exhaust processing conduit. In particular, one or more blowers, such as a first blower, may be configured to urge exhaust gases from the ship engine into an exhaust processing conduit. Alternatively or additionally, the exhaust system includes one or more blowers configured to urge exhaust gases for an exhaust processing conduit. In particular, the exhaust system may include one or more blowers, such as a second blower configured to urge exhaust gases from the exhaust processing conduit to the funnel. The exhaust system may include a first blower upstream of the absorbent and a second blower downstream of the absorbent. The blower can be implemented as a forced draft fan or an induced draft fan, for example.

In another embodiment of the merchant ship according to the present invention, which may be combined with the foregoing, the exhaust processing conduit, particularly the tower, includes one or more gas demisters. Gas demisters may in particular comprise or be embodied as mesh demisters, cyclone demisters and/or fiber-bed demisters. The gas demister is preferably arranged in the exhaust gas system, in particular in the exhaust gas processing conduit, upstream of the absorber. Additionally or alternatively, the exhaust processing conduit, in particular the tower, comprises a residue silo arranged below the reception and optionally preferably below the first blower and/or gas demister.

In a preferred embodiment of a merchant ship according to the present invention, the exhaust system comprises one or more pumps configured to propel the exhaust gas stream from the ship engine towards the funnel; a separator configured to remove liquid components and/or particulate components from gaseous components of the exhaust gas stream; one or more pipes, preferably comprising copper, for chilling exhaust gases passing through the pipes, configured to guide exhaust gases from the ship engine to the exhaust processing conduit; one or more pipes, mounted on a heat exchanger, such as cooling tubes and/or spiral cooling tubes made of steel or copper; Check valve, preferably arranged in one or more pipes and configured to remove the backflow of exhaust gases from the exhaust gas cleaning system, in particular a passive check valve, preferably a Tesla ( a tesla valve, a check valve, and/or a turbine, operatively coupled to the exhaust system, and driven by a stream of exhaust gas stream from the ship engine to the funnel to propel and a turbine, in particular a tesla-turbine, configured to propel and drive the separator, the one or more blowers and/or the pump. The check valve may be implemented as a fixed geometry passive check valve, preferably a Tesla valve. These valves allow fluids and/or gases to flow preferentially in one direction without moving parts. Tesla turbines in particular significantly reduce manufacturing costs, enabling a very economical approach. Tesla turbines can also be used with a variety of fluids and/or gases, including mixtures with solids. Tesla turbines include disks that do not suffer from the cavitation problems common to conventional turbines.

In one embodiment, a merchant ship according to the present invention provides a supply of fresh absorbent, in particular absorbent encased in one or more absorbent cartridges, and/or containing contaminants, preferably contaminants. A collection of spent absorbents saturated with , wherein the absorbents are in particular encased in one or more absorbent cartridges. Supplies and/or collections can be implemented as transport containers. The transport container is for example a dry cargo container, a refrigerated container, an open top container, a flat rack container, a garment container and/or a high cube container. It can be implemented as a cargo container such as Alternatively, the supply and/or collection may be implemented as a tower silo. Such a tower silo can advantageously be placed in the vicinity of an exhaust gas processing conduit, in particular a tower. Preferably, one or more tower silos embodying supply and/or collection may be located next to the exhaust gas tower. By containerzing the exhaust system, including the exhaust gas cleaning system, the footprint of the merchant ship can be minimized and low complexity retrofits can be made possible for all merchant ship types. .

According to one further development of the merchant ship according to the invention, the exhaust system comprises one or more propulsion devices, in particular pumps and/or blowers, which move the absorbent in particular from the supply into the conduit and/or out of the conduit, in particular A collection, which is configured to transfer. This makes handling of the solid absorbent (agent) particularly easy.

In one embodiment of a merchant ship according to the present invention, which may be combined with the foregoing, the merchant ship includes one or more cargo containers or transports including one or more of pumps, separators, check valves, turbines, supplies and/or collections. contains the container Such a solution may be advantageous for retrofitting an existing merchant ship and reducing the footprint of the exhaust gas system in a merchant ship according to the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ship engine of the merchant ship is configured to burn coal, biofuel, fuel oil (also known as gas oil or marine fuel) and/or liquefied natural gas.

A further aspect of the present invention is to reduce gaseous pollutants based on one or more lithium compounds in the exhaust gas system of merchant ships, in particular gaseous pollutants which are dioxide, sulfur oxides and/or nitrogen oxides. , to the use of at least one absorbent, preferably solid, for at least partly removing from the exhaust gas of a ship engine. Aspects of the present invention may be implemented in particular by applying an exhaust gas cleaning system as described above.

According to the use of the at least one lithium-based solid absorbent, the at least one lithium compound is selected from the list comprising lithium chloride, lithium hydroxide, lithium silicate, lithium zirconate, and lithium carbonate.

In a preferred further development of the present invention, the use of at least one lithium-based, preferably solid, absorbent applies a preferably solid absorbent comprising or consisting of lithium hydroxide lines. In an exemplary embodiment, Spiralith™ may be used to at least partially remove contaminants, particularly carbon dioxide, from the exhaust gas stream of a merchant ship. Alternatively or additionally, the use of one or more lithium-based, preferably solid absorbents employs a preferably solid absorbent comprising or consisting of calcium hydroxide and lithium chloride as a catalizer. In an exemplary embodiment, Litholyme™ may be used, for example 60% or more calcium hydroxide, 10% or less lithium chloride and possibly ethyl violet, to visually indicate the condition of the absorbent. Other absorbents containing indicators such as can be used. In particular, the component may include greater than or equal to 75 weight-% calcium hydroxide, less than or equal to 3 weight-% lithium chloride, and less than or equal to 1 weight-% of ethyl violet indicator.

Instead of the above-mentioned use of one or more absorbents based on one or more lithium compounds in a merchant vessel, a person skilled in the art will find exhaust systems of any other offshore structures, including non-ship offshore structures. It will be appreciated that it is within the scope of the present invention for such absorbents to be used, in particular correspondingly fitted. Accordingly, the present invention relates not only to the aforementioned exhaust system for merchant vessels, but alternatively to any other offshore structure, including non-ship offshore structures, port terminal equipment, offshore drilling rigs, and the like. It should be understood that it relates to the exhaust system of

Preferred embodiments are indicated in the dependent claims. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure that various aspects of the claimed invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In certain instances, descriptions of well-known devices and methods are omitted as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.

1 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas cleaning system according to the present invention; and
2 shows another schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas cleaning system according to the present invention.

The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers may be used in different figures to identify the same or similar elements. In the following description, specific details are set forth, such as specific structures, functions, etc., for purposes of explanation and not limitation, to provide a thorough understanding of the various aspects of the claimed invention.

An exhaust gas cleaning system according to the present invention is generally designated with the reference number (1).

According to the present invention, a solid absorber (agent) based on a lithium compound is used to at least partially remove gaseous contaminants from the exhaust gas of the ship engine (2). A solid absorber (agent) based on a lithium compound may be used in an exhaust system, in particular in an exhaust gas cleaning system 1 , in particular according to an embodiment as described herein below. The solid absorber (agent) based on a lithium compound may comprise or consist of, for example, lithium hydroxide. Alternatively, the solid absorbent (agent) based on a lithium compound may consist of calcium hydroxide with a small percentage of lithium chloride as a catalizer agent and optionally as a color indicator. Preferably, the absorbent is free of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. Preferably, the lithium compound based solid absorbent is contained within one or more cartridges 10 .

In an exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas cleaning system according to the present invention as shown in FIG. 1 , a reception 11 is provided for a cartridge or cartridges 10 in an exhaust gas processing conduit embodied in a tower 7. do. Tower 7 has an entry 13 for transferring the fresh sorbent to the processing conduit. Tower 7 has an exit 14 for conveying out of the processing conduit spent absorbent that is saturated or contaminated with one or more gaseous contaminants from the exhaust gases.

Exhaust gas is produced in the ship engine (2). Ship engine 2 may be an auxiliary engine or propulsion engine configured for combustion of carbon based fuels such as coal, biofuel, fuel oil or liquefied natural gas. One or more pipes 20 guiding the exhaust gas emitted by the ship engine 2 to the exhaust gas processing conduit 7 where contaminants in the exhaust gas are to be removed via one or more solid absorbents based on lithium compounds. According to one embodiment, the ship engine 2 may be implemented as a HYUNDAI-MAN B&W 6G60ME-C9.5 (2022) type fuel oil combustion engine.

The pipe or pipes 20 is equipped with one or more non-return valves or check valves 6, which can be implemented as Tesla valves. Alternatively or additionally, the pipe or pipes 20 may be provided with one or more heat exchangers 21 . For example, one or more pipes 20 can be implemented as passive check valves 6 and can be surrounded by one or more heat exchangers 21 . The heat exchanger 21 is a pipe 20 supplied with one or more cooling tubes, preferably based on water drainage in closed circulation, in particular without creating sludge or other residues. ) can be implemented as a sheathing.

A first pipe (20) leads exhaust gas from the ship engine to a first blower (4). The first blower 4 may be implemented as a forced draft fan in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 . A forced draft fan or similar device, which may be provided in addition to or in place of the first blower 4, is a first separator for removing fluids and/or particulate matter from the gaseous exhaust gas stream ( 41) can be used.

The first pipe 20 or another pipe 20 passes the exhaust gas stream from the ship engine 2 to the exhaust gas processing conduit 7 and finally to the funnel 9( The exhaust system discharge can be provided by a discharge opening and can be guided to a pump 3 configured to propel The pump 3 is connected to the tower 7 above its base, but based on a lithium compound It is connected below the reception (11) for the absorbent.

Between the opening and the reception 11 through which the exhaust gas processing conduit 7 receives the exhaust gas stream from the pump 3 or generally the ship engine 2 there is one or more demisters such as demisters 71. An additional separator is provided. The demister 71 separates mist-like droplets of water or other fluid from the exhaust gas stream before it passes through the reception 11 which holds the absorbent. It consists of The residue below the demister 71 and/or at the bottom of the tower 7 or other conduit may be collected in a residue silo 73.

An exhaust gas processing conduit is provided with one or more absorbent status monitors. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the absorbent condition monitor is implemented as an optical sensor 23 . The optical sensor 23 may be implemented as a particularly rugged camera. The optical sensor 23 may be shielded from the inside of the exhaust gas processing conduit 7 through a window (not shown). These windows are preferably made of heat-resistant glass, such as borosilicate glass, and may be provided with a protective metal net.

Downstream of the reception 11 for the absorbent, the exhaust system has an exhaust system in which the contaminants are removed, at least partially, preferably essentially completely, out of the exhaust gas processing conduit, for example via the funnel 9, into the atmosphere. A secondary pump 8 configured to propel the gas may be provided. The secondary blower 8 can be, for example, an induced draft fan. Additionally or alternatively, the turbine 5 comprises the first blower 4, the separator 41, the second blower 8 and/or a component of the merchant ship, preferably an exhaust system, more preferably an exhaust gas It may be provided to harvest the kinematic energy of the exhaust gas stream to drive the cleaning system 1 . In a particularly preferred embodiment, the turbine 5 can be implemented as a Tesla turbine.

The exhaust gas cleaning system 1 is provided with one or more air quality monitors 31, 33 configured to detect the concentration of one or more gaseous pollutants in the exhaust gas stream. The primary air quality monitor 33 may be arranged upstream of the absorbent, preferably upstream of the reception 11 and/or inside the exhaust gas processing conduit. Additionally or alternatively, a secondary air quality monitor 31 may be provided downstream of the absorbent, preferably downstream of the reception 11 and/or inside the exhaust gas processing conduit. A secondary air quality monitor 31 is preferably arranged between the reception 11 and the funnel 9 . A primary air quality monitor 33 is preferably arranged between the reception 11 and the pump 3 .

The exhaust gas cleaning system 1 may be provided with one or more gas characteristic sensors for the monitor(s), in addition or alternatively to the qualities described above. One or more gas property sensors may be arranged upstream of the reception 11 for the lithium compound based absorbent, behind the reception 11 or in the area of the reception 11 . In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , each air quality monitor 31 , 33 is accompanied by an additional gas properties sensor near the air quality monitor 31 , 33 . A primary gas pressure sensor 36 and a primary gas temperature sensor 38 are arranged near the primary air quality monitor 33 . A secondary gas pressure sensor 35 and a secondary gas temperature sensor 37 are arranged near the secondary air quality monitor 31 .

2 shows another schematic diagram of an exhaust gas cleaning system 1 according to the invention. Preferably, the exhaust gas cleaning system 1 can be implemented with respect to the features shown in FIG. 1 .

In Figure 2, one or more cartridges 10 encasing a solid absorbent based on a lithium compound are placed in a reception 11 in an exhaust gas processing conduit. A conduit can be implemented as a tower (7). The conduit is provided with a window 57 made of heat-resistant glass. The glass material used for window 57 as well as windows 58 and 59 described below is preferably fused quartz and high silica glass configured to withstand high temperatures of 1000 ° C. can be For example, the glass material may be borosilicate glass.

Adjacent to tower 7 is provided a supply 80 embodied as a reservoir tower. Also adjacent to the tower 7 is a collection 90 implemented as a residues tower. The collection 90 as well as the supply 80 implement storage of absorbents. The supply 80 has a window 58 therein for monitoring the absorbent. The collection 90 has a window 59 for monitoring the sorbent residue collected in storage that is contaminated with contaminants, preferably saturated.

A supply pump and/or blower 84 is provided to propel the fresh absorbent from the supply 80 into the reception 11. The supply pump and/or blower 84 may include a forced sorbent fan. A supply pump and/or blower 84 may be connected to a suction tube 85 in the reservoir tower. A supply pump and/or blower 84 is arranged to propel fresh absorbent from the supply 80 through the entry 13 into the exhaust gas processing conduit 7 .

A discharge pump and/or blower 94 is provided to propel the spent absorption (agent) from the reception 11 to the residue tower or collection 90. A discharge pump and/or blower 94 is arranged to force the spent absorbent out of the exit 14 of the exhaust gas processing conduit 7 . The discharge pump and/or blower 94 may include an induced sorbent fan. A second suction tube 86 may be arranged within the reception 11 to allow movement of the absorbent from the bottom or any other remote part of the reception 11 .

The features disclosed in the description, the figures and the claims may be important to the implementation of the invention in different embodiments individually, as in any combination.

1 exhaust gas cleaning system
2 ship engine
3 pump
4, 8 blowers
5 turbine
6 check valve
7 tower
9 Funnel
10 cartridge
11 reception
13 entries
14 exit
20 pipe
21 heat exchanger
23 optical sensor
31 Secondary air quality monitor
33 Primary air quality monitor
35 Secondary gas pressure monitor
36 Primary gas pressure monitor
37 Secondary temperature monitor
38 Primary temperature monitor
41 separator
57, 58, 59 window
71 demister
73 resides silos
80 supply
84 pump
85, 86 pipe
90 collection
94 pump

Claims (11)

Merchant ship, especially container ship, bulk carrier, oil tanker, chemical tanker, general cargo ship or liquefied gas tanker As an exhaust gas cleaning system (1) for a gas tanker,
The exhaust gas cleaning system 1 comprises one or more solid absorbents configured to at least partially remove, from the exhaust gas, gaseous pollutants, in particular CO ₂ , SO _x and/or NO _x . agent) is used,
Characterized in that the absorbent is based on one or more lithium compounds,
Exhaust gas cleaning system (1). According to claim 1,
The one or more lithium compounds are a list including lithium chloride, lithium hydroxide, lithium silicate, lithium zirconate, and lithium carbonate (lithium carbonate) list) and/or;
Characterized in that the absorbent has a binding capacity for CO ₂ of 10 L/100g or more, particularly 15 L/100g or more, preferably 25 L/100g or more,
Exhaust gas cleaning system (1). According to claim 1 or 2,
The absorbent contains at least 50 weight-% lithium hydroxide, in particular at least 75 weight-% lithium hydroxide, preferably at least 90 weight-% lithium hydroxide, more preferably at least 95 weight-% lithium hydroxide and/or
the absorbent comprises calcium hydroxide, in particular at least 30 weight-% calcium hydroxide, preferably at least 60 weight-% calcium hydroxide, in particular at least 75 weight-% calcium hydroxide; or
Characterized in that the absorbent comprises at least one catalizer, in particular lithium chloride,
Exhaust gas cleaning system (1). According to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The exhaust gas cleaning system 1 is without water injection means and/or;
The absorbent is free of NaOH and/or
The absorbent is free of KOH and/or
Here, the absorbent is characterized in that there is no Na-containing and / or K-containing catalizer,
Exhaust gas cleaning system (1). According to any one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the absorbent is contained in one or more, in particular canister-shaped or disk-shaped, cartridges 10; and/or
Characterized by a storage container 80, such as a cargo container or tower silo, configured to hold an absorbent, in particular an absorbent contained in a plurality of said cartridges 10,
Exhaust gas cleaning system (1). Emit by the ship engine through the ship engine 2 and funnel 9, such as a propulsion engine or an auxiliary engine composed of a combustion engine As a merchant ship, in particular a container ship, bulk carrier, oil tanker, chemical tanker, cargo ship in general or liquefied gas tanker, which includes an exhaust system for discharging exhaust gases produced by the
Characterized in that the exhaust system comprises an exhaust gas cleaning system (1) according to claims 1 to 5.
Merchant Ship. According to claim 6,
The exhaust system includes an exhaust processing conduit, such as a tower 7, optionally a cooling tower, configured to guide an exhaust gas stream; , wherein the exhaust processing conduit, in particular the tower 7, comprises at least one reception 11 for an absorbing agent, in particular for holding at least one cartridge 10; Here in particular the exhaust processing conduit, in particular the tower 7, is arranged below the reception 11, in particular a mesh demister, a cyclone demister and/or a fiber-bed demister ( characterized in that it comprises one or more gas demisters (71), which are fiber-bed demisters;
A supply 80 of fresh absorbent, in particular encased in one or more absorbent cartridges, and/or used absorbent containing contaminants, in particular encased in one or more absorbent cartridges. collection 90 and/or one or more pumps 84, 94 and/or, in particular from the supply 80 into the conduit and/or in particular out of the conduit into the collection 90, an absorbent characterized by a blower configured to transfer ;
The exhaust system,
- one or more pipes 20, preferably configured to guide the exhaust gases from the ship engine to the exhaust processing conduit, a spiral for chilling the exhaust gases passing through the pipes; one or more pipes 20, mounted in a heat exchanger 21, such as a spiral cooling tube;
- check valve 6, in particular a passive check valve, preferably a tesla valve, designed to remove the backflow of exhaust gases from the exhaust gas cleaning system. (6), and/or
- a turbine 5, operatively coupled to the exhaust system and propeled by a stream of exhaust gas stream from the ship engine to the funnel, the separator 41), a turbine 5, in particular a tesla-turbine, configured to drive the at least one blower and/or the pump.
Characterized in that it further comprises one or more of,
Merchant Ship. According to claim 6 or 7,
wherein the exhaust system is configured to be propelled by a stream of exhaust gas stream from the ship engine and operably coupled to the exhaust system and a Tesla valve configured to remove backflow of exhaust gas from the exhaust gas cleaning system. Characterized in that it comprises a Tesla-turbine,
Merchant Ship. one or more lithium compounds in the exhaust gas system of a merchant ship for at least partly removing gaseous contaminants, in particular CO ₂ , SO _x and/or NO _x , from the exhaust gas of the ship engine 2; , preferably a solid, use of the absorbent. According to claim 9,
Characterized in that the one or more lithium compounds are selected from the list comprising lithium chloride, lithium hydroxide, lithium silicate, lithium zirconate and lithium carbonate,
Use of one or more lithium-based, preferably solid, absorbents. According to claim 10,
The preferably solid absorbent comprises or consists of lithium hydroxide lime; Characterized in that the preferably solid absorbent comprises lithium chloride and carbon hydroxide as a catalizer,
Use of one or more lithium-based, preferably solid, absorbents.

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