NO20220915A1 - Exhaust gas cleaning system for a merchant ship, merchant ship, and use of at least one absorbent agent - Google Patents

Exhaust gas cleaning system for a merchant ship, merchant ship, and use of at least one absorbent agent Download PDF

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Publication number
NO20220915A1
NO20220915A1 NO20220915A NO20220915A NO20220915A1 NO 20220915 A1 NO20220915 A1 NO 20220915A1 NO 20220915 A NO20220915 A NO 20220915A NO 20220915 A NO20220915 A NO 20220915A NO 20220915 A1 NO20220915 A1 NO 20220915A1
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Norway
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
lithium
absorbent agent
ship
exhaust
Prior art date
Application number
NO20220915A
Inventor
Nikolaos G Tsamopoulos
Charalambos Hajimichael
Original Assignee
Nikolaos G Tsamopoulos Md Phd
Tsakos Gas Partners Ltd Constantinou
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Publication date
Application filed by Nikolaos G Tsamopoulos Md Phd, Tsakos Gas Partners Ltd Constantinou filed Critical Nikolaos G Tsamopoulos Md Phd
Publication of NO20220915A1 publication Critical patent/NO20220915A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/043—Carbonates or bicarbonates, e.g. limestone, dolomite, aragonite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/046—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium containing halogens, e.g. halides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28026—Particles within, immobilised, dispersed, entrapped in or on a matrix, e.g. a resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/32—Arrangements of propulsion power-unit exhaust uptakes; Funnels peculiar to vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/34—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines characterised by non-bladed rotor, e.g. with drilled holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/085—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0857—Carbon oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2093—Periodically blowing a gas through the converter, e.g. in a direction opposite to exhaust gas flow or by reversing exhaust gas flow direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/302—Alkali metal compounds of lithium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/112—Metals or metal compounds not provided for in B01D2253/104 or B01D2253/106
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Description

Exhaust gas cleaning system for a merchant ship, merchant ship, and use of at least one absorbent agent
The invention relates to an exhaust gas cleaning system for a merchant ship. The invention also relates to a merchant ship with an exhaust gas cleaning system. The invention furthermore relates to the use of at least one absorbent agent based on at least one lithium compound for at least partially removing gaseous pollutants, in particular CO2, SOX and/or NOX, from exhaust gas of a ship engine.
Merchant ships may be divided into four basic groups, namely liquid, dry bulk, other dry cargo, and miscellaneous types (for all other surface vessels). Merchant ships may be one of the following ship types according to the ICST-COM classification, in particular liquid bulk oil tanker, chemical tanker, LG tanker, tanker barge, other tanker, dry bulk, bulk/oil carrier, bulk carrier, container, full container, specialized barge carrier, chemical carrier, irradiated fuel, livestock carrier, vehicle carrier, general cargo, non-specialized reefer, ro-ro (roll-on-roll-of) passenger, roro container, other ro-ro cargo, combination carrier general cargo/passenger, combination carrier general cargo/container, single-decker, multi-decker, dry cargo barge, deck barge, hopper barge, lash seabed barge, open dry cargo barge, covered dry cargo barge, other dry cargo barge, passenger (excluding cruise passengers), cruise passenger. Other merchant ships may include offshore activities drilling and exploration, offshore support, tugs, pusher craft, miscellaneous dredgers, research/survey, or other surface vessels. The merchant ship may in particular be a cargo ship, such as a container ship, dry bulk carrier, or tanker. Tankers include ships such as oil tankers, chemical tankers and liquefied gas tankers.
Exhaust gas cleaning systems for merchant ships are used to remove particulate matter and pollutants, especially harmful components, such as sulphur oxides (SOX) and nitrogen oxides (NOX), from the exhaust gasses generated as a result of combustion processes in marine engines or ship engines.
Exhaust gas cleaning systems can generally be separated into so called wet scrubbers using sea water or fresh water supplied with chemical additives as a scrubbing medium, and so called dry scrubbers using solid components, such as pellets of hydrated lime (also known as soda lime), as scrubbing medium. Wet scrubbers are considered environmentally detrimental as they produce liquid sludge that must be disposed of overboard. Furthermore, an increasing desire has shown to tackle the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions caused by merchant ships, which known exhaust gas cleanings systems cannot fulfill.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, in particular to provide an exhaust gas cleaning system for merchant ships, correspondingly equipped ships as well as the use of a suitable adsorbing agent capable of reducing or omitting the production of liquid sludge, capable of removing pollutants including harmful substances, in particular in an efficient manner, and/or capable to reduce CO2 emissions.
This object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims.
Accordingly, the invention relates to an exhaust gas cleaning system for a merchant ship. In particular, the merchant ship may be a container ship, a bulk carrier, an oil tanker, a chemical tanker, a general cargo ship, a liquefied gas tanker, or the like. The exhaust gas cleaning system uses at least one solid absorbent agent configured to at least partially remove gaseous pollutants from an exhaust gas stream.
Merchant ships generally include at least one combustion engine or auxiliary combustion engine emitting an exhaust gas stream. The term “dry scrubber” may be used to refer to exhaust gas cleaning systems of the generic type using a solid absorbent agent. The solid absorbent agent of the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention may be referred to as a “sorbent”. In particular, the exhaust gas cleaning system is configured for the at least partial removal of gaseous pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur oxides (SOX) and/or nitrogen oxides (NOX). Preferably, the exhaust gas cleaning system is configured for the at least partial removal of one or more gaseous pollutants of the list consisting of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur oxides (SOX) and nitrogen oxides (NOX). More particularly, the exhaust gas cleaning system is configured for the at least partial removal of carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas stream, preferably of at least 50%, more preferably of at least 75%, more preferably at least 90%, of the carbon dioxide emitted by the merchant ship’s engine or engines. Any %-designations shall be understood to relate to wt.-%. The exhaust gas cleaning system may in particular be configured for the at least partial removal of not only carbon dioxide but also one or more further pollutants.
According to the invention, the absorbent agent is based on at least one lithium based compound. Surprisingly, it has been found that lithium based compounds are particularly suitable for an efficient removal of pollutants from an exhaust gas stream of a merchant ship. Advantageously, in comparison to conventional wet scrubbers, the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention does not cause the production of of any liquid effluent which would conventionally be disposed of overboard, thereby potentially causing an undesired detrimental environmental impact. It is a particular advantage of the invention that an absorbent agent including at least one lithium based compound allows to equip or refurbish a merchant ship with carbon dioxide abatement means so as to counteract emissions of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. The exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention thereby allows an effective decarbonization of merchant shipping. By employing an exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention, scrubbers may advantageously be upgraded or provided to allow for carbon dioxide capturing, as well as optionally further pollutants, at the point of exhaust.
In one embodiment of an exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention, the at least one lithium compound is selected from the list consisting of lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), lithium solid silicate (LiSi), lithium zirconate (Li2ZrO3), and lithium carbonate (Li2CO3). The absorbent agent may comprise or consist of at least one lithium compound selected from the abovementioned list. Alternatively, the absorbent agent may comprise or consist of several lithium compounds, at least one or all of which may be selected from the above-mentioned list. It may be preferred that at least 50 wt-% of the the solid absorbent agent is made up of one lithium compound or several lithium compounds.
In a preferred embodiment of an exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention, the absorbent agent comprises at least 50 wt-% lithium hydroxide, in particular at least 75 wt-% lithium hydroxide, preferably at least 90 wt-% lithium hydroxide, more preferably at least 95 wt-% lithium hydroxide. The lithium compound may be in a powder form and/or enclosed in a polymer sheet.
Alternatively or additionally, the lithium compound may be provided in pellets. In an exemplary embodiment, the absorbent agent may comprise or consist of Spiralith<TM>.
In another preferred embodiment, which may be combined with the aforementioned ones (insofar as a suitable combination of weight percentages is heeded), the absorbent agent comprises calcium hydroxide, in particular at least 30 wt-% calcium hydroxide, preferably at least 60 wt-% calcium hydroxide, in particular at least 75 wt-% calcium hydroxide. Additionally or alternatively, the absorbent agent comprises at least one catalyzer. It may be preferred that the solid absorbent agent comprises at least one catalyzer based on or realized as a lithium compound. In particular, the solid absorbent agent comprises lithium chloride as a catalyzer. An absorbent agent may in particular comprise 0,01 wt-% to 15 wt-%, in particular 0,5 wt-% to 10 wt-%, more particularly 1 % - 5%, preferably no more than 3 wt-% of a catalyzer. An exemplary embodiment of a solid absorbent agent including calcium hydroxide and lithium chloride is lithium hydroxide lime, which may be purchased under the trade name Lytholyme<TM>. An exhaust gas cleaning system using such an absorbent agent may be advantageous in that exhaust gas processing is simplified by minimizing heat generation and easy handling of the lithium compound based solid absorption.
The absorbent agent may be provided in the exhaust gas cleaning system at a predetermined ratio. The predetermined ratio may in particular be defined as ratio of absorbent agent determined by weight in relation to a volume of gaseous pollutants, in particular CO2, SOx and/or NOx, or exhaust a volume of exhaust gas containing gaseous pollutants. In particular, the absorbent agent may be provided in the exhaust gas cleaning system at a ratio of at least 0,1 mg/m³ , in particular at least 1 mg/m³, preferably at least 3 mg/m³, and/or at a ratio of no more than 1 g/m³, in particular no more than 100 mg/m³, preferably no more than 10 mg/m³. More particularly, calcium hydroxide and/or lithium chloride may be provided in the exhaust gas cleaning system at a ratio of 5±1 mg/m³. Most particularly, calcium hydroxide and/or lithium chloride may be provided in the exhaust gas cleaning system at a ratio of at least 0,1 mg/m³ , in particular at least 1 mg/m³, preferably at least 3 mg/m³, and/or at a ratio of no more than 1 g/m³, in particular no more than 100 mg/m³, preferably no more than 10 mg/m³. In a particular embodiment, the absorbent agent may be provided in the exhaust gas cleaning system at a ratio of 5±1 mg/m³.According to one embodiment of the invention, the absorbent agent used in the exhaust gas cleaning system is free of NaO and/or free of KOH.
Additionally or alternatively, the absorbent agent is free of catalyzers containing sodium (Na) and/or potassium (K). Sodium and potassium are considered to be environmentally detrimental.
In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the solid absorbent agent of the exhaust gas cleaning system has a binding capacity with regard to carbon dioxide of at least 10 L/100 g. in particular, the binding capacity with regard to carbon dioxide is at least 15 L/100 g, preferably at least 25 L/100 g. Thereby, the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention may provide a significant contribution to the decarbonization of merchant ships.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the solid absorbent agent is contained within at least one cartridge. The cartridge may in particular the canister-shaped or disk-shaped. The exhaust gas cleaning system preferably includes a multitude of cartridges. An individual cartridge of the exhaust gas cleaning system, in particular of the multitude of cartridges, may be configured to contain between 1 kg and 1 t, or an even larger amount, such as 30 t or up to 50 t, of the solid absorbent agent, in particular between 10 kg and 500 kg, preferably between 50 kg and 250 kg. The use of one or more cartridges renders handling of the absorbent agent particularly simple and safe.
In a preferred embodiment, the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention includes at least one storage container, such as a cargo container or a tower silo, configured for holding absorbent agent, in particular absorbent agent contained within one cartridge or within a plurality of the cartridges.
In one embodiment that may be combined with the aforementioned ones, the exhaust gas cleaning system comprises at least one air quality monitor for detecting a concentration of at least one gaseous pollutant in the exhaust gas stream. In a simple embodiment, the at least one air quality monitor is configured to detect the presence or absence of critical concentrations of at least one specific gaseous pollutant within the exhaust gas stream in the area of said monitor.
Alternatively or additionally, the at least one air quality monitor is configured to determine the amount, in particular the trace amount, of at least one specific gaseous pollutant within the exhaust gas stream in the area of said monitor. One, two or more air quality monitors may be arranged in an exhaust gas cleaning system at one or several different positions between the pollutant source, such as a combustion engine, and an exhaust gas system discharge opening to the atmosphere, such as a funnel. The exhaust gas system may in particular comprise a primary air quality monitor arranged upstream of the absorbent agent.
Alternatively or additionally, the exhaust gas system may in particular comprise a secondary equity to monitor arranged downstream of the absorbent agent.
In a further embodiment, the exhaust gas cleaning system comprises at least one gas property sensor, in particular a gas pressure sensor and/or gas temperature sensor. The gas property sensor is in particular arranged near an air quality monitor. An air quality monitor may be combined with at least one of a temperature monitor and/or gas pressure monitor in order to enhance monitoring quality.
In particular, the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention is free of any water injection means. Preferably, the exhaust gas cleaning system is configured to at least partially remove gaseous pollutants from the exhaust gas stream through the use of the solid absorbent agent without the application of water.
In one aspect of the invention, a merchant ship is provided, including a ship engine configured as a combustion engine, and an exhaust system for discharging exhaust gas emitted by the ship engine through a funnel. The merchant ship may in particular be a container ship, a bulk carrier, an oil tanker, a chemical tanker, general cargo ship, a liquefied gas tanker, or the like. The ship engine may be a propulsion engine or an auxiliary engine. Conventional merchant ships including a ship engine are generally considered to emit 10.000 t to 100.000 t of carbon dioxide per annum. It shall be clear that the merchant ship may include several engines with distinct exhaust systems or a combined exhaust system. According to the invention, the exhaust system of the merchant ship comprises an exhaust gas cleaning system as described above.
In a preferred embodiment, the ship engine is realized as an electronically controlled engine. The ship engine may be a two-stroke engine and/or a direct reversible crosshead type diesel engine. The ship engine may be provided with a turbocharging device, in particular a turbocharging device configured for constant pressure. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the ship engine includes a number of cylinders equal to 4, 6, 8 or 12. A preferred ship engine is the MAN B&W 6G60ME-C9.5 (Tier III) engine (2022), in particular the HYUNDAI – MAN B&W 6G60ME-C9.5 (2022) type engine. The ship engine is preferably configured for and/or equipped with fuel oil, preferably fuel oil having a lower calorific value of no less than 35000 kJ/kg, in particular no less than 40000 kJ/kg, more particularly no less than 42700 kJ/kg. The fuel oil may be specified as HFO (heavy fuel oil), in particular HFO according to ISO8217:2012, ISO-F-RMK 700, MDO (marine diesel oil), in particular MDO according to ISO 8217:2012, ISO-F-RMA 10, and/or MGO (marine gas oil), in particular MDO according to ISO 8217:2012, ISO-F-DMA or DMZ.
In a preferred embodiment of the merchant ship according to the invention, the exhaust system comprises an exhaust processing conduit such as a tower, optionally a cooling tower, said conduit being configured for guiding the exhaust gas stream. The exhaust processing conduit, in particular the tower, includes at least one reception for the absorbent agent. Preferably, the at least one reception is configured for holding at least one cartridge containing the solid absorbent agent.
In particular, the exhaust system comprises at least one reception for holding one or more cartridges. Alternatively or additionally, the exhaust system comprises a multitude of receptions, each configured for holding one respective cartridge or several cartridges.
In a further development of the merchant ship according to the invention, the exhaust system comprises at least one blower configured to urge exhaust gas into the exhaust processing conduit. Particularly, at least one blower, such as a first blower, may be configured to urge exhaust gas from the ship engine into the exhaust processing conduit. Alternatively or additionally, the exhaust system includes at least one blower configured to urge exhaust gas out for the exhaust processing conduit. In particular, the exhaust system may comprise at least one blower, such as a second blower, configured to urge exhaust gas out of the exhaust processing conduit to a funnel. The exhaust system may comprise a first blower upstream of the absorbent agent and a second blower downstream of the absorbent agent. The blower may for example be realized as a forced draft fan or as an induced draft fan.
In another embodiment of the merchant ship according to the invention, which may be combined with the aforementioned ones, the exhaust processing conduit, in particular the tower, includes at least one gas demister. The gas demister may in particular include or be realized as a mesh demister, a cyclone demister and/or a fiber bed demister. The gas demister is preferably arranged in the exhaust gas system, in particular the exhaust gas processing conduit, upstream of the absorbent agent. Additionally or alternatively, the exhaust processing conduit, in particular the tower, includes a residue silo arranged below the reception and optionally below the preferably first blower and/or gas demister.
In a preferred embodiment of the merchant ship according to the invention, the exhaust system further comprises at least one of a pump configured to propel an exhaust gas stream from the ship engine towards the funnel; a separator configured to remove fluid components and/or particulate components from gaseous components of the exhaust gas stream; at least one pipe, preferably equipped with a heat exchanger, such as a spiral cooling tube and/or a cooling tube made of or comprising copper, for chilling the exhaust gas passing through the pipe, configured for guiding exhaust gas from the ship engine to the exhaust processing conduit; a checkvalve, in particular a passive checkvalve, preferably a tesla valve, configured to remove backflow of exhaust gas from the exhaust gas cleaning system, preferably arranged in the at least one pipe; and/or a turbine, in particular a tesla-turbine, operatively coupled to the exhaust system and configured to be propelled by a stream of exhaust gas stream from the ship engine to the funnel and/or to drive the separator, the at least one blower, and/or the pump. A checkvalve may be realized as a fixed geometry passive check valve, preferably a tesla valve. Such a valve allows fluid and/or gases to flow preferentially in one direction, without moving parts. In particular tesla turbines have significantly decreased manufacturing costs which allow for a very economical approach.
Furthermore, tesla turbines can be used for a variety of fluids and/or gases including mixtures with solids. The tesla turbine comprises disks which do not suffer from cavitation issues often present with conventional turbines.
In one embodiment, a merchant ship according to the invention includes the supply of fresh absorbent agent, in particular absorbent agent encased within at least one absorption cartridge, and/or a collection of used absorbent agent containing pollutant, preferably saturated with pollutant, wherein in particular the absorbent agent is encased with in at least one absorption cartridge. The supply and/or the collection may be realized as a transport container. A transport container may for example be realized as a cargo container, such as a dry cargo container, a refrigerated container, an open top container, a flat rack container, a garment container and/or a high cube container. Alternatively, the supply and/or the collection may be realized as a tower silo. Such a tower silo may advantageously be arranged in the vicinity of an exhaust gas processing conduit, in particular a tower. Preferably, one or more tower silos realizing a supply and/or collection may be arranged next to an exhaust gas tower. By containerizing the exhaust system including the exhaust gas cleaning system, the footprint on the merchant ship may be minimized while enabling low complexity retrofits for any merchant ship type.
According to one further development of the merchant ship according to the invention, the exhaust system includes at least one propulsion device, in particular pump and/or a blower, configured to transfer absorbent agent into the conduit, particularly from the supply, and/or out of the conduit, particularly to the collection. This renders handling of the solid absorption particularly easy.
In one embodiment of the merchant ship according to the invention that may be combined with the aforementioned ones, the merchant ship comprises at least one cargo container or transport container containing at least one of the pump, the separator, the checkvalve, the turbine, the supply and/or the collection. Such a solution may be advantageous for retrofitting existing merchant ships and for decreasing the footprint of exhaust gas system in a merchant ship according to the invention.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ship engine of the merchant ship is configured
to combust coal, biofuels, fuel oil (otherwise known as gasoil or marine fuel) and/or liquified natural gas.
A further aspect of the invention relates to the use of at least one preferably solid absorbent agent based on at least one lithium compound in an exhaust gas system of a merchant ship for at least partially removing gaseous pollutants, in particular, dioxide, sulfur oxides and/or nitrogen oxides, from exhaust gas of ship engine. The aspect of the invention may in particular be realized through employing an exhaust gas cleaning system such as described above.
According to one embodiment the use of at least one lithium based solid absorbent agent, the at least one lithium compound is selected from the list comprising lithium chloride, lithium hydroxide, lithium silicate, lithium zirconate, and lithium carbonate.
In a preferred further development of the invention, the use of at least one lithium based preferably solid absorbent agent employs a preferably solid absorbent agent comprising or consisting of lithium hydroxide line. In an exemplary embodiment, Spiralith<TM >may be used at least partially removing pollutants, in particular carbon dioxide, from the exhaust gas stream of the merchant ship. Alternatively or additionally, the use of at least one lithium based preferably solid absorbent agent employs a preferably solid absorbent agent comprising or consisting of calcium hydroxide and lithium chloride as a catalyzer. In an exemplary embodiment, Litholyme<TM >may be used or another absorbent agent comprising for example at least 60% calcium hydroxide, no more than 10% lithium chloride and possibly an indicator, such as ethyl violet, for visually indicating the state of the absorbent agent. In particularly, ingredients may comprise 75 wt-% or more calcium hydroxide, no more than 3 wt-% of lithium chloride and no more than 1 wt-% of ethyl violet indicator.
The skilled person will understand that, alternatively to the above-mentioned use of at least one absorbent agent based on at least one lithium compound in a merchant vessel, it remains within the scope of the invention to use such an absorbent agent in a, particularly correspondingly equipped, exhaust system of any other marine structure including non-ship marine structures. Thus, the invention shall be understood to relate not only to the aforementioned exhaust systems for merchant vessels but alternatively also to exhaust systems of any other marine structure including non-ship marine structures, port terminal equipment, offshore drilling rigs, or the like.
Preferred embodiments are indicated in the subclaims. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure that the various aspects of the invention claimed may be practiced in other examples that depart from these specific details. In certain instances, descriptions of well-known devices and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention; and
Figure 2 shows a different schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention.
The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers may be used in different drawings to identify the same or similar elements. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as particular structures, functionality, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various aspects of the claimed invention.
An exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention is generally designated with reference numeral 1.
According to the invention, a lithium compound based solid absorption is used for at least partially removing gaseous pollutants from exhaust gas of ship engine 2. The lithium compound based solid absorption may be used in exhaust system, in particular an exhaust gas cleaning system 1, in particular in accordance with an embodiment as described herein below. The lithium compound based solid absorption may for example comprise lithium hydroxide or consist thereof.
Alternatively, the lithium compound based solid absorption may consist of calcium hydroxide with a small percentage of lithium chloride as a catalyzer agent and optionally a color indicator. Preferably, the absorbent agent is free of potassium hydroxide and free of sodium hydroxide. Preferably, the lithium compound based solid absorbent agent is contained within one or multiple cartridges 10.
In the exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas cleaning systems according to the invention as shown in figure 1, a reception 11 is provided for the cartridge or cartridges 10 in an exhaust gas processing conduit realized as a tower 7. The tower 7 has an entry 13 for transferring fresh absorbent agent into the processing conduit. The tower 7 has and at exit 14 for transferring used absorbent agent which has been contaminated or saturated with at least one gaseous pollutant from the exhaust gas out of the processing conduit.
Exhaust gas is created in a ship engine 2. The ship engine 2 may be an auxiliary engine or propulsion engine configured for the combustion of a carbon-based fuel, such as coal, biofuels, fuel oil or liquefied natural gas. One or more pipes 20 guiding the exhaust gas emitted by the ship engine 2 to the exhaust gas processing conduit 7 where the pollutants of the exhaust gas are to be removed through the at least one lithium compound based solid absorbent agent. According to one exemplary embodiment, the ship engine 2 may be realized as a HYUNDAI – MAN B&W 6G60ME-C9.5 (2022) type engine for the combustion of fuel oil.
The pipe or pipes 20 are equipped with at least one nonreturn valve or check valve 6 which may be realized as a tesla valve. Alternatively or additionally, the pipe or pipes 20 may be furnished with at least one heat exchanger 21. For example, at least one pipe 20 may be realized as a passive check valve 6 and surrounded with at least one heat exchanger 21. The heat exchanger 21 may be realized as a sheathing of the pipe 20 supplied with at least one cooling tube based on water drainage, preferably in a closed circulation, in particular without producing sludge or other residues.
A first pipe 20 leads exhaust gas from the ship engine to a first blower 4. The first blower 4 may in the exemplary embodiment shown in figure 1 be realized as a forced draft fan. A forced draft fan or similar device, which may be provided in addition to the first blower 4 or instead of the first blower 4, may act as a first separator 41 removing fluid and/or particulate matter from the gaseous exhaust gas stream.
The first pipe 20 or another pipe 20 may guide the exhaust gas stream from the ship engine 2 to a pump 3 configured to propel an exhaust gas stream from the ship engine 2 towards the exhaust gas processing conduit 7 and eventually the exhaust system discharge opening which may be provided by a funnel 9. The pump 3 is connected to the tower 7 above the bottom thereof but below the reception 11 for the lithium compound based absorbent agent.
Between the opening through which the exhaust gas processing conduit 7 receives the exhaust gas stream from the pump 3 or generally the ship engine 2 and the reception 11, one or more further separators, such as a demister 71, is provided. The demister 71 is configured to separate mist-like droplets of water or other fluids from the exhaust gas stream before the exhaust gas stream passes through the reception 11 holding the absorbent agent. Below the demister 71 and/or in the bottom of the tower 7 or other conduit, residues may be collected in a residues silo 73.
The exhaust gas processing conduit is provided with at least one absorbent agent status monitor. In the exemplary embodiment shown in figure 1, the absorbent agent status monitor is realized as an optical sensor 23. The optical sensor 23 may be realized as a particularly rugged camera. The optical sensor 23 may be shielded from the interior of the exhaust gas processing conduit 7 through a window (not shown in detail). Such a window is preferably made of heat resistant glass, such as borosilicate glass, and may be provided with a protective metal net.
Downstream of the reception 11 for the absorbent agent, the exhaust system may be provided with a secondary pump 8 configured to propel the exhaust gas from which the pollutants have been at least partially, preferably essentially completely, removed out of the exhaust gas processing conduit, for example through a funnel 9, to the atmosphere. The secondary blower 8 may for instance be an induced draft fan. Additionally or alternatively, a turbine 5 may be provided for harvesting kinematic energy of the exhaust gas stream in order to drive the first blower 4, the separator 41, the second blower 8 and/or other components of the merchant ship, preferably the exhaust system, more preferably the exhaust gas cleaning system 1. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the turbine 5 may be realized as a tesla turbine.
The exhaust gas cleaning system 1 is provided with at least one air quality monitor 31, 33 configured for detecting a concentration of at least one gaseous pollutant in the exhaust gas stream. A primary air quality monitor 33 may be arranged upstream of the absorbent agent, preferably upstream of the reception 11 and/or inside of the exhaust gas processing conduit. Additionally or alternatively a secondary air quality monitor 31 may be provided downstream of the absorbent agent, preferably downstream of the reception 11 and/or inside of the exhaust gas processing conduit. The secondary air quality monitor 31 is preferably arranged between the reception 11 and the funnel 9. The primary air quality monitor 33 is preferably arranged between the reception 11 and the pump 3.
The exhaust gas cleaning system 1 may be provided with at least one gas property sensor in addition or alternative to the above-mentioned quality to monitor(s). At least one gas property sensor may be arranged upstream of the reception 11 for the absorbent agent based on a lithium compound, downstream of the reception 11, or in the area of the reception 11. In the preferred embodiment illustrated in figure 1, each air quality monitor 31, 33 is accompanied by an additional gas property sensor in the vicinity of the air quality monitor 31, 33. A primary gas pressure sensor 36 and a primary gas temperature sensor 38 are arranged near the primary air quality monitor 33. A secondary gas pressure sensor 35 and a secondary gas temperature sensor 37 are arranged near the secondary air quality monitor 31.
Figure 2 shows a different schematic view of an exhaust gas cleaning system 1 in accordance with the invention. Preferably, the exhaust gas cleaning system 1 may be realized in conjunction with the features shown in figure 1.
In figure 2, one or more cartridges 10 encasing the solid absorbent agent based on a lithium compound are positioned in a reception 11 within an exhaust gas processing conduit. The conduit may be realized as a tower 7. The conduit is provided with a window 57 made of heat resistant glass. The glass material used for the window 57 as well as for the windows 58 and 59 which will be described below may be a fused quartz and high silica glass preferably configured to withstand temperatures as high as 1000°C. For example, the glass material may be a borosilicate glass.
Adjacent to the tower 7, a supply 80 realized as a reservoir tower is provided. Also adjacent to the tower 7, a collection 90 realized as a residues tower is provided. The supply 80 as well as the collection 90 realize a storage for absorbent agent. The supply 80 has a window 58 for monitoring the absorbent agent therein. The collection 90 has a window 59 for monitoring the absorbent agent residue collected within the storage which has been contaminated, preferably saturated, with pollutant.
A supply pump and/or blower 84 is provided to propel fresh absorbent agent into the reception 11 from the supply 80. The supply pump and/or blower 84 may include a forced sorbent fan. The supply pump and/or blower 84 may be connected with a suction tube 85 within the reservoir tower. The supply pump and/or blower 84 is arranged to propel fresh absorbent agent from the supply 80 through the entry 13 into the exhaust gas processing conduit 7.
A discharge pump and/or blower 94 is provided to propel used absorption from the reception 11 into the residues tower or collection 90. The discharge pump and/or blower 94 is arranged to force used absorbent agent out of the exit 14 of the exhaust gas processing conduit 7. The discharge pump and/or blower 94 may include an induced sorbent fan. A second suction tube 86 may be arranged within the reception 11 so that absorbent agent can be moved from the bottom or any other distant part of the reception 11.
The features disclosed in the above description, the figures and the claims may be significant for the realization of the invention in its different embodiments individually as in any combination.
Reference numerals:
1 exhaust gas cleaning system
2 ship engine
3 pump
4, 8 blower
5 turbine
6 checkvalve
7 tower
9 funnel
10 cartridge
11 reception
13 entry
14 exit
20 pipe
21 heat exchanger
23 optical sensor
31 secondary air quality monitor 33 primary air quality monitor 35 secondary gas pressure monitor 36 primary gas pressure monitor 37 secondary temperature monitor 38 primary temperature monitor 41 separator
57, 58, 59 window
71 demister
73 residues silo
80 supply
84 pump
85, 86 pipe
90 collection
94 pump

Claims (11)

Claims:
1. Exhaust gas cleaning system (1) for a merchant ship, in particular a container ship, a bulk carrier, an oil tanker, a chemical tanker, a general cargo ship or a liquefied gas tanker, the exhaust gas cleaning system (1) using at least one solid absorbent agent configured to at least partially remove gaseous pollutants, in particular CO2, SOX and/or NOX, from an exhaust gas stream, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that
the absorbent agent is based on at least one lithium compound.
2. Exhaust gas cleaning system (1) according to claim 1,
c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the at least one lithium compound is selected from the list comprising lithium chloride, lithium hydroxide, lithium silicate, lithium zirconate, and lithium carbonate; and/or in that the absorbent agent has a binding capacity with regard to CO2 of at least 10 L/100g; in particular at least 15 L/100g, preferably at least 25 L/100g.
3. Exhaust gas cleaning system (1) according to claim 1 or 2,
c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the absorbent agent comprises at least 50 wt-% lithium hydroxide, in particular at least 75 wt-% lithium hydroxide, preferably at least 90 wt-% lithium hydroxide, more preferably at least 95 wt-% lithium hydroxide, and/or in that the absorbent agent comprises calcium hydroxide, in particular at least 30 wt-% calcium hydroxide, preferably at least 60 wt-% calcium hydroxide, in particular at least 75 wt-% calcium hydroxide; and/or in that the absorbent agent comprises at least one catalyzer, in particular lithium chloride.
4. Exhaust gas cleaning system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d that the exhaust gas cleaning system (1) is free of a water injection means; and/or in that the absorbent agent is free of NaOH and/or in that the absorbent agent is free of KOH, and/or wherein the absorbent agent is free of Na-containing and/or K-containing catalyzers.
5. Exhaust gas cleaning system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the absorbent agent is contained within at least one, in particular, canister-shaped or disk-shaped, cartridge (10); and/or c h a r a c t e r i z e d by a storage container (80), such as a cargo container or a tower silo, configured for holding absorbent agent, in particular absorbent agent contained within a plurality of the cartridges (10).
6. Merchant ship, in particular a container ship, a bulk carrier, an oil tanker, a chemical tanker, a general cargo ship or a liquefied gas tanker, including a ship engine (2), such as a propulsion engine or an auxiliary engine, configured as a combustion engine, and an exhaust system for discharging exhaust gas emitted by the ship engine through a funnel (9),
c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the exhaust system comprises an exhaust gas cleaning system (1) according to one of the preceding claims.
7. Merchant ship according to claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the exhaust system comprises an exhaust processing conduit such as a tower (7), optionally a cooling tower, configured for guiding the exhaust gas stream, wherein the exhaust processing conduit, in particular the tower (7), includes at least one reception (11) for the absorbing agent, in particular for holding at least one cartridge (10); wherein in particular the exhaust processing conduit, in particular the tower (7), includes at least one gas demister (71), in particular a mesh demister, a cyclone demister and/or a fiber-bed demister, arranged below the reception (11); and/or c h a r a c t e r i z e d by a supply (80) of fresh absorbent agent, in particular encased within at least one absorbent cartridge, and/or a collection (90) of used absorbent agent containing pollutant, in particular encased within at least one absorbent cartridge; and/or by at least one pump (84, 94) and/or blower configured to transfer absorbent agent into the conduit, particularly from the supply (80), and/or out of the conduit, particularly to the collection (90); and/or
c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the exhaust system further comprises at least one of
- at least one pipe (20), preferably equipped with a heat exchanger (21), such as a spiral cooling tube, for chilling the exhaust gas passing through the pipe, configured for guiding exhaust gas from the ship engine to the exhaust processing conduit;
- a checkvalve (6), in particular a passive checkvalve, preferably a tesla valve, configured to remove backflow of exhaust gas from the exhaust gas cleaning system, and/or
- a turbine (5), in particular a tesla-turbine, operatively coupled to the exhaust system and configured to be propelled by a stream of exhaust gas stream from the ship engine to the funnel and/or to drive the separator (41), the at least one blower, and/or the pump.
8. Merchant ship according to claim 6 or 7, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the exhaust system comprises a tesla valve configured to remove backflow of exhaust gas from the exhaust gas cleaning system and a tesla-turbine operatively coupled to the exhaust system and configured to be propelled by a stream of exhaust gas stream from the ship engine.
9. Use of at least one preferably solid absorption agent based on at least one lithium compound in an exhaust gas system of a merchant ship for at least partially removing gaseous pollutants, in particular CO2, SOX and/or NOX, from exhaust gas of a ship engine (2).
10. Use of the at least one lithium based preferably solid absorption agent according to claim 9, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the at least one lithium compound is selected from the list comprising lithium chloride, lithium hydroxide, lithium silicate, lithium zirconate, and lithium carbonate.
11. Use of the at least one lithium based preferably solid absorption agent according to claim 10, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the preferably solid absorption agent comprises or consists of lithium hydroxide lime; and/or in that the preferably solid absorption agent comprises carbon hydroxide and lithium chloride as a catalyzer.
NO20220915A 2021-08-26 2022-08-25 Exhaust gas cleaning system for a merchant ship, merchant ship, and use of at least one absorbent agent NO20220915A1 (en)

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DE19651492B4 (en) 1996-12-11 2006-04-06 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Device for removing NOx from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines

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