KR20230024099A - Method for delaying the flowering of peach through Calcium chloride and Sodium alginate treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for delaying flowering of peaches through calcium chloride and sodium alginate treatment. Since the method of the present invention can effectively delay the flowering of the peaches of which flowering time has been accelerated due to rise in temperature due to a greenhouse effect, it is possible to improve the production amount and the quality of the peaches.

Description

Method for delaying the flowering of peach through Calcium chloride and Sodium alginate treatment}

The present invention relates to a method for delaying flowering of peaches through treatment with calcium chloride and sodium alginate.

Peaches account for 8% of the country's total fruit production, following tangerines, apples, grapes, pears, and sweet persimmons. Peach contains organic acids such as malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid, and contains free amino acids such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and serine. Due to its high content, peaches are known to be effective in improving hemolytic anemia, whitening, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.

Recently, the flowering time of peach trees is about 10 days earlier than normal. If the flowering time of fruit trees is advanced, the flowers are exposed to frost and low temperatures, making it difficult to bear fruit, which can lead to a decrease in production. Frost damage is caused by freezing of flowers, leaves, and young fruit cells due to low temperatures. Even if flowers exposed to low temperatures bloom, their stigmas turn brown and lose their ability to fertilize. However, in many cases, the surface of the fruit is damaged by dropping the fruit, so that it does not become a commercial fruit. Early flowering of peaches can always cause late frost damage, so a new method to effectively delay flowering is needed to prevent peaches from frost damage.

On the other hand, Korean Patent Publication No. 2018-0055767 discloses 'a method for delaying flowering of rice and a composition for inducing flowering delay' through cytokinin treatment, but delayed flowering of peaches through treatment with calcium chloride and sodium alginate of the present invention. There is nothing written about how to do it.

The present invention has been derived from the above needs, and the present inventors have found that when calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ ) and sodium alginate are sequentially sprayed when peach blossom buds are in Swollen bud (2nd stage of flower bud development), around the bud The present invention was completed by confirming that the full bloom (80% flowering) of peaches could be delayed by about 6 to 10 days by forming a thin film.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for delaying the flowering of peaches, comprising the steps of sequentially treating sodium alginate after treating the branches of peach trees with calcium chloride.

In addition, the present invention provides a composition for delaying flowering of peaches comprising calcium chloride and sodium alginate as active ingredients.

Since the method of the present invention can effectively delay the flowering of peaches whose flowering time has been accelerated due to the rise in temperature due to the greenhouse effect, it will be possible to improve the production and quality of peaches. In addition, when the method of the present invention is applied to various flowering fruit trees as well as peaches, it is expected to help increase the income of fruit growers.

Figure 1 shows the maximum temperature, average temperature, minimum temperature and This is the result of checking the number of rainy days.
2 is a result of confirming the level of development of flower buds in CT (control; distilled water treatment), 5AG (sequential treatment with 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 5% sodium alginate) and 7AG (sequential treatment with 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 7% sodium alginate). Flower bud development stage is 3 ^rd stage, calyx green (calyx green); 4 ^th stage, calyx red; ^5th stage, first pink (petal appearance); 6 ^th stage, first bloom;
3 shows the bloom and fruit set of CT (control; distilled water treatment), 5AG (sequential treatment with 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 5% sodium alginate) and 7AG (sequential treatment with 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 7% sodium alginate) ) is the result of checking the level.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for delaying the flowering of peaches, comprising the steps of sequentially treating sodium alginate after treating the branches of peach trees with calcium chloride. do.

In the method according to one embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of calcium chloride may be 10 to 200 mM, the concentration of sodium alginate may be 4 to 8% (w / v), preferably the concentration of calcium chloride is 90 to 110 The concentration of mM, sodium alginate may be 4-8% (w / v), most preferably the concentration of calcium chloride is 100 mM, the concentration of sodium alginate is 5% (w / v) or 7% (w / v), but is not limited thereto.

In the method according to one embodiment of the present invention, the method for delaying the flowering of peaches specifically includes:

(1) treating branches of peach trees with 10-200 mM calcium chloride; and

(2) treating the branches of the peach tree treated with calcium chloride in step (1) with 4-8% (w / v) sodium alginate; may include,

More specifically,

(1) treating branches of peach trees with 90-110 mM calcium chloride; and

(2) treating the branches of the peach tree treated with calcium chloride in step (1) with 4-8% (w / v) sodium alginate; may include,

More specifically,

(1) treating peach tree branches with 100 mM calcium chloride when peach flower buds are in the swollen bud stage; and

(2) treating the branch of the peach tree treated with calcium chloride in step (1) with 5% (w/v) or 7% (w/v) sodium alginate; may include, but is not limited thereto .

In the method according to one embodiment of the present invention, when the calcium chloride and sodium alginate are sequentially treated, flowering (80% full bloom) can be delayed by 6 to 10 days compared to the control group (calcium chloride and sodium alginate untreated), More specifically, treatment with 5% (w/v) sodium alginate after treatment with 100 mM calcium chloride could delay flowering by 9 days compared to the control group, and treatment with 7% (w/v) alginate after treatment with 100 mM calcium chloride Sodium treatment can delay flowering by 6 days compared to controls.

The present invention also provides a composition for delaying flowering of peaches comprising calcium chloride and sodium alginate as active ingredients.

In the composition for delaying flowering of peaches of the present invention, the concentration of calcium chloride may be 10 to 200 mM and the concentration of sodium alginate may be 4 to 8% (w/v), preferably the concentration of calcium chloride is 90 to 110 The concentration of mM, sodium alginate may be 4-8% (w / v), most preferably the concentration of calcium chloride is 100 mM, the concentration of sodium alginate is 5% (w / v) or 7% (w / v), but is not limited thereto.

The composition for delaying flowering of peaches of the present invention may further contain a carrier suitable for further enhancing the effect of delaying flowering of peaches, in addition to the calcium chloride and sodium alginate. The carrier may be a natural or synthetic organic or inorganic material capable of facilitating absorption of calcium chloride and sodium alginate or contact of calcium chloride and sodium alginate with plants. The carrier may be a solid such as clay, natural or synthetic silicate, silica, resin, wax or solid fertilizer, and may be a liquid such as water, alcohol, ketone, petroleum oil, aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbon, chlorinated hydrocarbon, or liquefied gas. It may be.

In addition, the composition for delaying flowering of peaches of the present invention may further include an agriculturally acceptable carrier, which may include fillers, solvents, excipients, surfactants, and suspending agents. ), spreaders, adhesives, antifoaming agents, dispersing agents, wetting agents, drift reducing agents, adjuvants, adjuvants, or mixtures thereof.

The composition for delayed flowering of peaches of the present invention is formulated in the form of concentrates, solutions, sprays, aerosols, immersion baths, dips, emulsions, suspension concentrates, gels, granules, etc. can do.

The composition for delaying flowering of peaches of the present invention is the composition alone or other agricultural agents, specifically pesticides, insecticides, acaracides, fungicides (fungicides harmless to the fungi of the present invention), Bactericides, herbicides, antibiotics, antimicrobials, nematocides, rodenticides, entomopathogens, pheromones, attractants, plant growth regulators, plant hormones (plant hormones), insect growth regulators, chemosterilants, microbial pest control agents, repellents, viruses, phagostimulents, plant nutrients, plant fertilizers and They can be used in combination with biological control agents or sequentially. The insecticides include carbamates, organic phosphates, organochlorine insecticides, phenylpyrazoles, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, spinosin, avermectin, milbemycin, larval hormone analogues, alkylhalides, organic Tin compounds, nereistoxin analogues, benzoylurea, diacylhydrazine, insecticides of the METI class of acaricides, chloropicrin, pymetrozine, flonicamide, clofenthezine, hexythiazox, etoxazole , diafenthiuron, propargite, tetradifone, chlorfenapyr, DNOC, buprofezin, cyromazine, amitraz, hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim, rotenone or derivatives thereof Insecticides may be used. As the plant nutrient, a commonly used fertilizer for supplying plant nutrients may be used. In addition, organic fertilizers, complex fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, calcium fertilizers, lime fertilizers, lactic acid fertilizers, sulfuric acid fertilizers, magnesium fertilizers, trace element fertilizers, organic fertilizers, manure fertilizers, and the like can be used as the fertilizer. At this time, specific examples of the agricultural formulations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by examples. However, the following examples are only to illustrate the present invention, and the content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Materials and Methods

1. Treatment method of plant material and calcium chloride and sodium alginate

Six-year-old 'Kawanakajima Hakuto' peach trees conventionally grown in a peach orchard (35 ^o 07'50.8''N, 128 ^o 09'46.7''E) were used. On March 8, 2021, when most of the peach flower buds in the experimental field reached the 2nd stage of bioseasonal development (flower bud expansion: Swollen bud, first swell), 8 branches from 6 peach trees were randomly selected for each experimental group Labeling was performed for . The labeled branches were sprayed with each treatment solution using a pressure sprayer until they completely overflowed the entire branches. The experimental group consisted of (1) control (distilled water, CT), (2) 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 5% (w/v) sodium alginate (5AG), (3) 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 7% (w/v) sodium alginate (7AG).

Through a preliminary experiment, sodium alginate was treated by concentration immediately after CaCl ₂ was first treated (before CaCl ₂ dried) so that sodium alginate could be well formed into a gel formulation. In addition, among sodium alginate by concentration, 2.5% (w/v) sodium alginate was not used in the experiment because it had difficulty in gel formation due to its low density. After all the samples were treated, it was confirmed whether the flower buds of each experimental group were uniformly coated, and the total number of flower buds was counted for each branch treated with the sample. In the present invention, 5% sodium alginate was prepared by adding 50 g of sodium alginate per 1 L of distilled water, and 7% sodium alginate was prepared by adding 70 g of sodium alginate per 1 L of distilled water.

2. Observation of flower bud development

From 2 days after treatment (2 DAT; March 10, 2021) to April 14, 2021 (80% full bloom) at intervals of 2 to 4 days, the flower bud development stage and flowering delay of all experimental groups were measured. Observed periodically. The developmental stage of the floral bud was described by Deyton et al. (Acta Horticulturae, 2010, 884, 449-453), and can be divided into 6 levels. The number of flower buds expressed in the labeled branches was counted at each stage and expressed as a percentage. Phenomenological stage (%)=number of expressed flower buds/number of all flower buds×100. In addition, after full bloom in all experimental groups, the fruit set of all experimental groups was compared on April 30th.

3. Weather conditions in the orchard

Figure 1 shows the change in the maximum temperature, average temperature and minimum temperature and the number of rainy days in the peach orchard from March 8, 2021 (the day of treatment) to April 14, 2021 (37 DAT). During the experiment, the average daily temperature difference was 14.7 ° C, subzero temperatures occurred twice for 37 days, and the lowest temperature was -2.3 ° C on March 23, 2021. The average temperature during the experiment period increased by about 3.5℃ compared to 10 years ago, and the number of rainy days was 12 days, corresponding to about 1/3 of the experiment period.

4. Statistical analysis

All data were analyzed using SigmaPlot 12.5 (Systat Software, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA).

Example 1. Confirmation of biological seasonal changes in flower buds

Figure 2 shows the change from stage 3 to stage 6 among the phenological stages of floral buds. The classification of each stage is as follows: 3 ^rd stage, calyx green; 4 ^th stage, calyx red; ^5th stage, first pink (petal appearance); 6 ^th stage, first bloom.

Looking at the expression rate of step 3 (Fig. 2A), CT (control group, distilled water treatment) showed a rapid increase in expression rate from the 8th day (DAT) after sample treatment, reaching a maximum of 84.6% on the 14th day, whereas 5AG (100 Sequential treatment with mM CaCl ₂ + 5% (w/v) sodium alginate) and 7AG (sequential treatment with 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 7% (w/v) sodium alginate) increased to 70.6% and 71.1%, respectively, on day 17 after sample treatment. Maximum expression was reached. After maximal expression, the expression of CT decreased rapidly, whereas the expression of 5AG and 7AG decreased gradually, and showed a gentler decrease in 5AG than in 7AG.

Looking at the expression rate of the 4 stages (Fig. 2B), the first expression started in CT and 5AG on the 11th day after sample treatment. CT, 5AG, and 7AG reached their maximum expression at 43.5%, 31.9%, and 40.2%, respectively, on day 20, but the maximum expression levels of all experimental groups were below 50%. The reduction pattern in stage 4 after maximal expression was similar to that in stage 3, and at day 25, the expression of 5AG remained at 20.3%, but the expression in CT decreased to 0%.

Looking at the expression rate of the 5 stages (Fig. 2C), it was first expressed in all experimental groups on the 20th day after sample treatment. CT showed an expression rate of 33.9%, whereas 5AG and 7AG showed a lower expression level, about 8 times (4.4%) and 3 times (10.1%), respectively, compared to CT. The maximum expression rate was 50.7% in CT, 33.7% in 5AG, and 49.2% in 7AG. This tendency was similar to that of stage 4, in which the maximum expression level of all experimental groups was less than 50%. In particular, the expression of 5AG decreased more slowly than that of CT and 7AG.

Finally, stage 6 means the flowering stage (Fig. 2D), and CT showed the first flowering (expression rate: 0.5%) on the 20th day after sample treatment. On day 23, the expression rates of CT, 5AG, and 7AG were 31.6%, 2%, and 6%, respectively. Compared to CT, the expression rates of 5AG and 7AG were significantly reduced. In particular, the expression rate of 5AG was about 15 times higher than that of CT and 7AG, respectively. , five times lower. On day 28, CT reached full bloom at 81.4% earlier than AG-treated group, and at this time, 5AG and 7AG showed 34.6% and 53.6% expression rates, respectively. 5AG and 7AG reached full bloom on the 37th and 34th days, respectively, and it was confirmed that they were delayed by 9 days and 6 days, respectively, compared to CT.

Example 2. Confirmation of flowering and fruiting levels

Looking at the bloom level, 5AG (100 mM CaCl ₂ + 5% (w/v) sodium alginate sequential treatment; FIG. 3B) and 7AG ( The flowering level of sequential treatment with 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 7% (w/v) sodium alginate; Fig. 3C) showed a significant difference compared to CT. In particular, 5AG showed the latest flowering, with most flower buds corresponding to the ^4th stage (calyx red) and 5th stage ( ^5th stage, first pink).

In addition, looking at the level of fruit set on day 53 after sample treatment, like flowering, fruit set also showed slower development in 5AG (Fig. 3E) and 7AG (Fig. 3F) than CT (Fig. 3D), and the fruit size of 5AG and 7AG was confirmed to be significantly smaller than CT.

Through the above results, sequential treatment of calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ ) and sodium alginate (sodium alginate) on the trunk of the peach 'Kawanakajima Hakuto' tree delayed the late flowering of the peach compared to the untreated control, and , In particular, when peaches were treated with calcium chloride followed by 5% sodium alginate, it was found that the late flowering of peaches could be delayed more effectively. In addition, it was found that fruit development could be delayed by sequentially treating peaches with calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ ) and sodium alginate to delay late flowering.

Claims (6)

A method of delaying the flowering of peaches comprising the step of sequentially treating sodium alginate after treating the branches of the peach tree with calcium chloride. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the calcium chloride is 10 to 200 mM, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 4 to 8% (w/v). According to claim 1,
(1) treating branches of peach trees with 10-200 mM calcium chloride; and
(2) treating the branches of the peach tree treated with calcium chloride in step (1) with 4-8% (w / v) sodium alginate; The method of claim 2, wherein the peaches sequentially treated with calcium chloride and sodium alginate have delayed flowering by 6 to 10 days compared to the control group. A composition for delaying flowering of peaches, comprising calcium chloride and sodium alginate as active ingredients. The composition for delaying flowering of peaches according to claim 5, wherein the concentration of calcium chloride is 10 to 200 mM and the concentration of sodium alginate is 4 to 8% (w/v).

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