KR102586640B1 - Method for delaying the flowering of peach through Calcium chloride and Sodium alginate treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of delaying the flowering of peaches through treatment with calcium chloride and sodium alginate. The method of the present invention can effectively delay the flowering of peaches, whose flowering time has accelerated due to the increase in temperature due to the greenhouse effect, Production and quality can be improved.

Description

Method for delaying the flowering of peach through Calcium chloride and Sodium alginate treatment}

The present invention relates to a method of delaying flowering of peaches through treatment with calcium chloride and sodium alginate.

Peach accounts for 8% of the total domestic fruit production, following tangerines, apples, grapes, pears, and sweet persimmons. Peaches contain organic acids such as malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid, and free amino acids such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and serine. Due to its high content, peaches are known to be effective in improving hemolytic anemia, whitening, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.

Recently, the flowering time of peach trees is about 10 days earlier than usual, and if the flowering time of fruit trees is brought forward, the flowers will be exposed to frost and low temperatures, making it difficult to bear fruit, which may lead to a decrease in production. Frost damage occurs when the cells of flowers, leaves, and young fruits freeze due to low temperatures. Even if flowers exposed to low temperatures bloom, their stigmas turn brown and they lose the ability to fertilize, and flowers that have been pollinated do not produce fruit for a while. There are many cases where the fruit falls off and becomes damaged on the surface, making it unusable. Early flowering of peaches can always cause late frost damage, so new methods are needed to effectively delay flowering to prevent frost damage to peaches.

Meanwhile, Korean Patent Publication No. 2018-0055767 discloses a 'method for delaying flowering of rice and a composition for inducing delayed flowering' through cytokinin treatment, but the flowering of peach is delayed through calcium chloride and sodium alginate treatment of the present invention. There is nothing written about how to do it.

The present invention was developed in response to the above-mentioned needs, and the present inventors proposed that when calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ ) and sodium alginate are sequentially sprayed on peach flower buds when they are in the swollen bud (second stage of flower bud development) state, the area around the flower buds The present invention was completed by confirming that the full blooming period (80% flowering) of peaches can be delayed by about 6 to 10 days by forming a thin film.

In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides a method for delaying the flowering of peaches, which includes the step of treating the branches of peach trees with calcium chloride and then sequentially treating them with sodium alginate.

Additionally, the present invention provides a composition for delaying flowering of peaches containing calcium chloride and sodium alginate as active ingredients.

The method of the present invention can effectively delay the flowering of peaches, whose flowering time has accelerated due to the increase in temperature due to the greenhouse effect, and thus can improve the production and quality of peaches. In addition, if the method of the present invention is applied not only to peaches but also to various flowering fruit trees, it is expected to help increase the income of fruit farmers.

Figure 1 shows the maximum temperature, average temperature, minimum temperature, and This is the result of checking the number of rainy days.
Figure 2 shows the results of confirming the development level of flower buds in CT (control; treated with distilled water), 5AG (sequential treatment with 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 5% sodium alginate), and 7AG (sequential treatment with 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 7% sodium alginate). The development stage of flower buds is ^3rd stage, calyx green; ^4th stage, calyx red; ^5th stage, first pink (petals appear); It is classified as 6 ^th stage, first bloom.
Figure 3 shows the bloom and fruit set of CT (control; treated with distilled water), 5AG (sequential treatment with 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 5% sodium alginate), and 7AG (sequential treatment with 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 7% sodium alginate). ) This is the result of checking the level.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for delaying the flowering of peaches, comprising the step of treating the branches of peach trees with calcium chloride and then sequentially treating them with sodium alginate. do.

In the method according to one embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of calcium chloride may be 10 to 200 mM, the concentration of sodium alginate may be 4 to 8% (w/v), and preferably the concentration of calcium chloride may be 90 to 110%. mM, the concentration of sodium alginate may be 4-8% (w/v), most preferably the concentration of calcium chloride is 100 mM, the concentration of sodium alginate is 5% (w/v) or 7% (w/ v), but is not limited thereto.

In the method according to one embodiment of the present invention, the method for delaying flowering of peaches is specifically,

(1) treating branches of peach trees with 10 to 200 mM calcium chloride; and

(2) treating the branches of the peach tree treated with calcium chloride in step (1) with 4 to 8% (w/v) sodium alginate;

More specifically,

(1) treating branches of peach trees with 90-110 mM calcium chloride; and

(2) treating the branches of the peach tree treated with calcium chloride in step (1) with 4 to 8% (w/v) sodium alginate;

More specifically,

(1) treating branches of peach trees with 100 mM calcium chloride when peach flower buds are in the swollen bud stage; and

(2) treating the branches of the peach tree treated with calcium chloride in step (1) with 5% (w/v) or 7% (w/v) sodium alginate; but is not limited thereto. .

In the method according to one embodiment of the present invention, when the calcium chloride and sodium alginate are sequentially treated, flowering (80% full bloom) can be delayed by 6 to 10 days compared to the control group (without calcium chloride and sodium alginate treatment), More specifically, treatment with 5% (w/v) sodium alginate after treatment with 100 mM calcium chloride can delay flowering by 9 days compared to the control group, and treatment with 7% (w/v) alginate after treatment with 100 mM calcium chloride. Treatment with sodium can delay flowering by 6 days compared to the control group.

The present invention also provides a composition for delaying flowering of peaches containing calcium chloride and sodium alginate as active ingredients.

In the composition for delaying flowering of peaches of the present invention, the concentration of calcium chloride may be 10 to 200 mM, the concentration of sodium alginate may be 4 to 8% (w/v), and preferably the concentration of calcium chloride may be 90 to 110%. mM, the concentration of sodium alginate may be 4-8% (w/v), most preferably the concentration of calcium chloride is 100 mM, the concentration of sodium alginate is 5% (w/v) or 7% (w/ v), but is not limited thereto.

In addition to the calcium chloride and sodium alginate, the composition for delaying flowering of peaches of the present invention may further include a suitable carrier to further increase the effect of delaying flowering of peaches. The carrier may be a natural or synthetic organic or inorganic material that can facilitate the absorption of calcium chloride and sodium alginate or the contact of calcium chloride and sodium alginate with plants. The carrier may be a solid such as clay, natural or synthetic silicate, silica, resin, wax, or solid fertilizer, or a liquid such as water, alcohol, ketone, petroleum fraction, aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbon, chlorinated hydrocarbon, or liquefied gas. It may be.

In addition, the composition for delaying flowering of peaches of the present invention may further include an agriculturally acceptable carrier, and the acceptable carrier includes fillers, solvents, excipients, surfactants, and suspending agents. ), spreaders, adhesives, anti-foaming agents, dispersants, wetting agents, drift reducing agents, suxiliaries, adjuvants, or mixtures thereof.

The composition for delaying flowering of peaches of the present invention is formulated in the form of concentrates, solutions, sprays, aerosols, immersion baths, dips, emulsions, suspension concentrates, gels, granules, etc. can do.

The composition for delaying flowering of peaches of the present invention includes the composition alone or other agricultural preparations, specifically pesticides, insecticides, acaracides, fungicides (fungal agents harmless to the fungi of the present invention), Bacteria, herbicides, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, nematocides, rodenticides, entomopathogens, pheromones, attractants, plant growth regulators, plant hormones (plant hormones, insect growth regulators, chemical sterilants, microbial pest control agents, repellents, viruses, phagostimulents, plant nutrients, plant fertilizers and It can be combined with biological control agents or used sequentially. The pesticides include carbamates, organic phosphates, organic chlorine pesticides, phenylpyrazole, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, spinosin, avermectin, milbemycin, juvenile hormone analogs, alkyl halides, and organic Tin compounds, nereistoxin analogues, benzoylurea, diacylhydrazine, METI acaricide class insecticides, chloropicrin, pimetrozine, flonicamide, clopentezine, hexythiazox, ethoxazole , diapentiuron, propargite, tetradifone, chlorphenapyr, DNOC, buprofezin, cyromazine, amitraz, hydramethylnone, acequinosyl, fluacrypyrim, rotenone or their derivatives. Pesticides may be used. As the plant nutrient, commonly used fertilizers for supplying plant nutrients can be used. In addition, as the fertilizer, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphoric acid fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, lime fertilizer, lactic acid fertilizer, sulfuric acid fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer, trace element fertilizer, organic fertilizer, excrement fertilizer, etc. can be used. At this time, specific examples of the agricultural preparations are self-evident to those skilled in the art.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by examples. However, the following examples only illustrate the present invention, and the content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Materials and Methods

1. Processing method for plant materials and calcium chloride and sodium alginate

Six-year-old 'Kawanakajima Hakuto' peach trees conventionally grown in a peach orchard (35 ^o 07'50.8''N, 128 ^o 09'46.7''E) were used. On March 8, 2021, when most peach flower buds in the experimental field reached the second stage of phenological development (flower bud expansion: Swollen bud, first swell), eight branches from six peach trees were randomly selected for each experimental group. Labeling was carried out. Each treatment solution was sprayed on the labeled branches using a pressure sprayer until it completely overflowed over the entire branch. The experimental groups were (1) control group (distilled water, CT), (2) 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 5% (w/v) sodium alginate (5AG), (3) 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 7% (w/v) sodium alginate. It was classified as (7AG).

Through preliminary experiments, in order for sodium alginate to be well formed into a gel formulation, sodium alginate was treated at different concentrations immediately after CaCl ₂ was treated first (before CaCl ₂ dries). Additionally, among sodium alginate by concentration, 2.5% (w/v) sodium alginate was not used in the experiment because it had difficulty forming gel due to its low density. After all samples were processed, it was checked whether the flower buds of each experimental group were uniformly coated, and the total number of flower buds was counted for each branch on which the sample was treated. In the present invention, 5% sodium alginate was prepared by adding 50 g of sodium alginate per 1 L of distilled water, and 7% sodium alginate was prepared by adding 70 g of sodium alginate per 1 L of distilled water.

2. Observation of flower bud development

From 2 days after treatment (2 DAT; March 10, 2021) to April 14, 2021 (80% full bloom), the flower bud development stage and degree of flowering delay of all experimental groups were monitored at 2-4 day intervals. Observations were made periodically. The developmental stages of flower buds were described by Deyton et al. It was evaluated based on the scale of (Acta Horticulturae, 2010, 884, 449-453) and can be divided into 6 levels. The number of flower buds developed on the labeled branches was counted at each stage and expressed as a percentage. Phenological stage (%) = Number of flower buds developed / Number of all flower buds × 100. Additionally, after full bloom in all experimental groups, fruit set in all experimental groups was compared on April 30.

3. Weather conditions in the orchard

Figure 1 shows the changes in maximum, average, and minimum temperatures and number of rainy days in peach orchards from March 8, 2021 (the day of processing) to April 14, 2021 (37 DAT). During the experiment period, the average daily temperature difference was 14.7℃, sub-zero temperatures occurred twice in 37 days, and the lowest temperature was -2.3℃ on March 23, 2021. The average temperature during the experiment period increased by about 3.5°C compared to 10 years ago, and the number of rainy days was 12, corresponding to about 1/3 of the experiment period.

4. Statistical analysis

All data were analyzed using SigmaPlot 12.5 (Systat Software, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA).

Example 1. Confirmation of phenological step-by-step changes in flower buds

Figure 2 shows changes from stage 3 to stage 6 among the phenological stages of flower buds. The classification of each stage is as follows: 3 ^rd stage, calyx green; ^4th stage, calyx red; ^5th stage, first pink (petals appear); 6 ^th stage, first bloom.

Looking at the expression rate in three stages (Figure 2A), the expression rate of CT (control group, treated with distilled water) increased rapidly from the 8th day (DAT) after sample treatment and reached the maximum at 84.6% on the 14th day, whereas 5AG (100%) mM CaCl ₂ + 5% (w/v) sodium alginate sequential treatment) and 7AG (100 mM CaCl ₂ + 7% (w/v) sodium alginate sequential treatment) were 70.6% and 71.1%, respectively, at 17 days after sample treatment. Maximum expression was reached. After the maximum expression, the expression of CT decreased rapidly, while the expression of 5AG and 7AG decreased gradually, with a gradual decrease in 5AG than in 7AG.

Looking at the expression rate in stage 4 (Figure 2B), expression first began in CT and 5AG on the 11th day after sample treatment. CT, 5AG, and 7AG reached maximum expression at 43.5%, 31.9%, and 40.2%, respectively, on day 20, but the maximum expression level in all experimental groups was 50% or less. The pattern of decline in stage 4 after peak expression was similar to stage 3, and at day 25, the expression of 5AG was maintained at 20.3%, but the expression in CT decreased to 0%.

Looking at the expression rate in stage 5 (Figure 2C), it was first expressed in all experimental groups on the 20th day after sample treatment. CT showed an expression rate of 33.9%, while 5AG and 7AG showed expression levels that were about 8 times (4.4%) and 3 times (10.1%) lower than CT, respectively. The highest expression rate was 50.7% in CT, 33.7% in 5AG, and 49.2% in 7AG. This trend was similar to stage 4, where the maximum expression level of all experimental groups was below 50%, and in particular, the expression of 5AG decreased more slowly than CT and 7AG.

Lastly, stage 6 refers to the flowering stage (Figure 2D), and CT showed the first flowering (incidence rate: 0.5%) at 20 days after sample treatment. On day 23, the expression rates of CT, 5AG, and 7AG were 31.6%, 2%, and 6%, respectively. Compared to CT, the expression rates of 5AG and 7AG were significantly decreased. In particular, the expression rates of 5AG were approximately 15 times higher than those of CT and 7AG, respectively. , was 5 times lower. On day 28, CT reached full bloom at 81.4% before the AG treatment group, and at this time, 5AG and 7AG showed expression rates of 34.6% and 53.6%, respectively. 5AG and 7AG reached full bloom on the 37th and 34th days, respectively, and were confirmed to be delayed by 9 and 6 days, respectively, compared to CT.

Example 2. Confirmation of flowering and fruit set levels

Looking at the bloom level, when more than 80% bloomed in CT (control, distilled water treatment; Figure 3A), 5AG (sequential treatment with 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 5% (w/v) sodium alginate; Figure 3B) and 7AG ( The flowering level of sequential treatments of 100 mM CaCl ₂ + 7% (w/v) sodium alginate; Figure 3C) showed significant differences compared to CT. In particular, 5AG showed the latest flowering with most flower buds corresponding to the 4th stage ( ^4th stage, calyx red) and 5th stage ( ^5th stage, first pink).

In addition, looking at the level of fruit set at 53 days after sample treatment, like flowering, fruit set also showed slower development in 5AG (Figure 3E) and 7AG (Figure 3F) than CT (Figure 3D), and the fruit size of 5AG and 7AG was confirmed to be significantly smaller compared to CT.

Based on the above results, when the trunk of the peach 'Kawanakajima Hakuto' tree is sequentially treated with calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ ) and sodium alginate, late flowering of the peach can be delayed compared to the untreated control group. , In particular, it was found that treating peaches with calcium chloride followed by 5% sodium alginate could more effectively delay late flowering of peaches. In addition, it was found that the development of fruit could be delayed by delaying the late flowering of peaches by sequentially treating calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ ) and sodium alginate.

Claims (6)

(1) treating branches of peach trees with 100 mM calcium chloride when peach flower buds are in the swollen stage; and
(2) Processing 5% (w/v) or 7% (w/v) sodium alginate on the branches of the peach tree treated with calcium chloride in step (1) above. Flowering of peach, including; As a method of delaying,
A method for delaying flowering of peaches, characterized in that flowering of peaches sequentially treated with calcium chloride and sodium alginate was delayed by 6 to 9 days compared to the control group. delete delete delete delete delete