KR20230022826A - Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals between a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure discloses a method of operating a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system and an apparatus supporting the same. According to an embodiment applicable to the present disclosure, a method of operating a terminal includes receiving outer coding related information from a base station, and generating an outer coding block group (OBG) through the outer coding related information. Generating a transport block (TB) based on, to which outer coding is applied for each OBG, and transmitting the TB to which the outer coding is applied to the base station and retransmission request from the base station It may include performing retransmission in units of the OBG based on.

Description

Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals between a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system

The following description relates to a wireless communication system, and relates to a method and apparatus for using outer coding so that a terminal performs high throughput communication in a wireless communication system.

In particular, it relates to a method and apparatus for reducing errors occurring at a transport block level through outer coding.

A wireless access system is widely deployed to provide various types of communication services such as voice and data. In general, a wireless access system is a multiple access system capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of the multiple access system include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, and a single carrier frequency (SC-FDMA) system. division multiple access) system.

In particular, as many communication devices require large communication capacity, an enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication technology compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) has been proposed. In addition, communication systems considering reliability and latency sensitive services/UEs as well as massive Machine Type Communications (MTC) providing various services anytime and anywhere by connecting multiple devices and objects have been proposed. Various technical configurations for this have been proposed.

The present disclosure may provide a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals between a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system.

The technical objects to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned matters, and other technical problems not mentioned above are common knowledge in the art to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the embodiments of the present disclosure to be described below. can be considered by those who have

The present disclosure may provide a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals between a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system.

A method of operation of a terminal to which the present disclosure is applied includes receiving outer coding related information from a base station, and a transport block based on an outer coding block group (OBG) through the outer coding related information ( A step of generating a transport block (TB), to which outer coding is applied for each OBG, and transmitting the TB to which the outer coding is applied to the base station and the OBG unit based on a retransmission request from the base station It may include performing retransmission with .

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, a terminal operating in a wireless communication system is operably connected to at least one transmitter, at least one receiver, at least one processor, and the at least one processor, and when executed, the at least one It may include at least one memory storing instructions (instructions) for causing the processor to perform a specific operation. At this time, the specific operation: Receiving outer coding related information from the base station, and based on the outer coding block group (OBG) through the outer coding related information Transport Block (TB) ) is generated, outer coding is applied for each OBG, TB to which the outer coding is applied is transmitted to the base station, and retransmission is performed in units of the OBG based on a retransmission request from the base station there is.

Also, as an example of the present disclosure, the terminal may be a terminal that communicates with at least one of a mobile terminal, a network, and an autonomous vehicle other than a vehicle including the terminal.

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, a base station operating in a wireless communication system may be provided. In this case, the base station is operatively connected to at least one transmitter, at least one receiver, at least one processor, and the at least one processor, and instructions for causing the at least one processor to perform a specific operation when executed. It may include at least one memory for storing. At this time, the specific operation is: Outer Coding-related information is transmitted from the terminal, and outer coding is applied in units of Outer Coding Block Groups (OBGs) Transport Block (Transport Block, TB ) may be received from the terminal, and a retransmission request for the received TB may be performed in units of the OBG.

In addition, the following items may be commonly applied to a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals of a terminal and a base station to which the present disclosure is applied.

As an example of the present disclosure, a terminal may receive configuration information from the base station, and the configuration information may include information on whether the outer coding is used in the terminal.

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, the terminal checks whether the outer coding is used through information on whether the outer coding is used in the terminal, and when the outer coding is used, the TB based on the OBG can create

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, the terminal receives the outer coding setting related information from the base station, and the outer coding setting related information includes OBG usage mode information, OBG number information, and maximum code blocks in OBG (Code Block, CB) may include at least one of number information.

Also, as an example of the present disclosure, an OBG use mode may be determined based on the number of parity blocks (PBs) used for the outer coding.

Also, as an example of the present disclosure, the outer coding setting-related information may be received from the base station through downlink control information (DCI).

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, when the outer coding is applied for each OBG, a code block (CB) included in the OBG is written row wise based on an 8-bit unit, and the A parity block (PB) is generated by applying the outer coding column wise to the CB written in the row direction, and the PB generated based on the CB and the outer coding is applied in the row direction can lead

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, when the outer coding is applied for each OBG, a code block (CB) included in the OBG is written column wise based on an 8-bit unit, and the Applying the outer coding row wise to the CB written in the column direction to generate a parity block (PB), and generating the PB based on the CB and the outer coding in the column direction can lead

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, the terminal may receive ACK/NACK information for each OBG included in the TB.

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, the base station may transmit ACK/NACK information to the terminal for each OBG included in the TB.

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, the base station may check whether the received TB has an error through Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) and outer decoding.

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, the base station performs the CRC for each OBG in the TB to identify an OBG with an error, and corrects the OBG with an error through the outer decoding. .

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, the base station may generate a NACK for an OBG for which error correction is impossible through the outer decoding, and transmit the NACK to the terminal.

The above-described aspects of the present disclosure are only some of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and various embodiments in which the technical features of the present disclosure are reflected are the detailed descriptions of the present disclosure to be detailed below by those of ordinary skill in the art. It can be derived and understood based on the description.

The following effects may be obtained by embodiments based on the present disclosure.

According to the present disclosure, a terminal may use outer coding to perform high-throughput communication.

According to the present disclosure, outer coding may be used to reduce errors occurring at the transport block level.

According to the present disclosure, a terminal and a base station can efficiently transmit and receive signals in a terahertz band.

According to the present disclosure, encoding and decoding can be efficiently performed in a situation where the number of code blocks per transport block increases in the terahertz band.

According to the present disclosure, data retransmission can be efficiently performed based on data outer coding in a terahertz band.

Effects obtainable in the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned are technical fields to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the description of the following embodiments of the present disclosure. can be clearly derived and understood by those skilled in the art. That is, unintended effects according to implementing the configuration described in the present disclosure may also be derived by those skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present disclosure.

The accompanying drawings are provided to aid understanding of the present disclosure, and may provide embodiments of the present disclosure together with a detailed description. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with each other to form a new embodiment. Reference numerals in each drawing may mean structural elements.
1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.
2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.
3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.
4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a portable device applicable to the present disclosure.
5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applicable to the present disclosure.
6 is a diagram showing an example of a moving body applicable to the present disclosure.
7 is a diagram showing an example of an XR device applicable to the present disclosure.
8 is a diagram showing an example of a robot applicable to the present disclosure.
9 is a diagram showing an example of AI (Artificial Intelligence) applicable to the present disclosure.
10 is a diagram illustrating physical channels applicable to the present disclosure and a signal transmission method using them.
11 is a diagram showing structures of a control plane and a user plane of a radio interface protocol applicable to the present disclosure.
12 is a diagram illustrating a method of processing a transmission signal applicable to the present disclosure.
13 is a diagram showing the structure of a radio frame applicable to the present disclosure.
14 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure applicable to the present disclosure.
15 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.
16 is a diagram showing an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure.
17 is a diagram illustrating a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.
18 is a diagram illustrating a THz wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.
19 is a diagram illustrating a THz signal generation method applicable to the present disclosure.
20 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.
21 is a diagram illustrating a transmitter structure applicable to the present disclosure.
22 is a diagram showing a modulator structure applicable to the present disclosure.
23 is a diagram illustrating a BLER-CBG to which the present disclosure can be applied.
24 is a diagram illustrating a CBG included in a TB to which the present disclosure may be applied.
25 is a diagram illustrating a channel coding structure to which the present disclosure can be applied.
26 is a diagram illustrating a method of transmitting data based on outer coding to which the present disclosure can be applied.
27 is a diagram illustrating an outer coding method to which the present disclosure may be applied.
28 is a diagram illustrating a decoding method for outer coding to which the present disclosure can be applied.
29 is a diagram illustrating a signaling method of a terminal and a base station to which the present disclosure can be applied.
30 is a diagram illustrating a method in which a terminal to which the present disclosure can be applied receives data from a base station.
31 is a diagram illustrating a method of transmitting data from a terminal to a base station to which the present disclosure can be applied.
32 is a diagram illustrating an operation of a transmitter to which the present disclosure may be applied.
33 is a diagram illustrating an operation of a receiving end to which the present disclosure can be applied.

The following embodiments are those that combine elements and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature may be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form not combined with other components or features. In addition, an embodiment of the present disclosure may be configured by combining some elements and/or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment.

In the description of the drawings, procedures or steps that may obscure the gist of the present disclosure have not been described, and procedures or steps that can be understood by those skilled in the art have not been described.

Throughout the specification, when a part is said to "comprising" or "including" a certain element, it means that it may further include other elements, not excluding other elements, unless otherwise stated. do. In addition, terms such as “… unit”, “… unit”, and “module” described in the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which is hardware or software or a combination of hardware and software. can be implemented as Also, "a or an", "one", "the" and similar related words in the context of describing the present disclosure (particularly in the context of the claims below) Unless indicated or otherwise clearly contradicted by context, both the singular and the plural can be used.

Embodiments of the present disclosure in this specification have been described with a focus on a data transmission/reception relationship between a base station and a mobile station. Here, a base station has meaning as a terminal node of a network that directly communicates with a mobile station. A specific operation described as being performed by a base station in this document may be performed by an upper node of the base station in some cases.

That is, in a network composed of a plurality of network nodes including a base station, various operations performed for communication with a mobile station may be performed by the base station or network nodes other than the base station. At this time, the 'base station' is a term such as a fixed station, Node B, eNode B, gNode B, ng-eNB, advanced base station (ABS), or access point. can be replaced by

In addition, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal includes a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), It may be replaced with terms such as mobile terminal or advanced mobile station (AMS).

In addition, the transmitting end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node providing data service or voice service, and the receiving end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node receiving data service or voice service. Therefore, in the case of uplink, the mobile station can be a transmitter and the base station can be a receiver. Similarly, in the case of downlink, the mobile station may be a receiving end and the base station may be a transmitting end.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are wireless access systems, such as an IEEE 802.xx system, a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) system, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, a 3GPP 5G (5th generation) NR (New Radio) system, and a 3GPP2 system. It may be supported by at least one disclosed standard document, and in particular, the embodiments of the present disclosure are supported by 3GPP technical specification (TS) 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.321 and 3GPP TS 38.331 documents It can be.

In addition, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to other wireless access systems, and are not limited to the above-described systems. For example, it may also be applicable to a system applied after the 3GPP 5G NR system, and is not limited to a specific system.

That is, obvious steps or parts not described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be described with reference to the above documents. In addition, all terms disclosed in this document can be explained by the standard document.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is intended to describe exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the technical configurations of the present disclosure may be practiced.

In addition, specific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to aid understanding of the present disclosure, and the use of these specific terms may be changed in other forms without departing from the technical spirit of the present disclosure.

The following technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and the like. It can be applied to various wireless access systems.

In the following, in order to clarify the following description, the description is based on the 3GPP communication system (e.g. (eg, LTE, NR, etc.), but the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited thereto. LTE is 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 8 or later In detail, LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 10 is referred to as LTE-A, and LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 13 may be referred to as LTE-A pro. 3GPP NR may mean technology after TS 38.xxx Release 15. 3GPP 6G may mean technology after TS Release 17 and/or Release 18. "xxx" means a standard document detail number. LTE/NR/6G may be collectively referred to as a 3GPP system.

For background art, terms, abbreviations, etc. used in the present disclosure, reference may be made to matters described in standard documents published prior to the present invention. As an example, 36.xxx and 38.xxx standard documents may be referred to.

Communication systems applicable to the present disclosure

2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a first wireless device 200a and a second wireless device 200b may transmit and receive radio signals through various wireless access technologies (eg, LTE and NR). Here, {the first wireless device 200a, the second wireless device 200b} denotes the {wireless device 100x and the base station 120} of FIG. 1 and/or the {wireless device 100x and the wireless device 100x. } can correspond.

The first wireless device 200a includes one or more processors 202a and one or more memories 204a, and may further include one or more transceivers 206a and/or one or more antennas 208a. The processor 202a controls the memory 204a and/or the transceiver 206a and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow diagrams disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202a may process information in the memory 204a to generate first information/signal, and transmit a radio signal including the first information/signal through the transceiver 206a. In addition, the processor 202a may receive a radio signal including the second information/signal through the transceiver 206a and store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory 204a. The memory 204a may be connected to the processor 202a and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202a. For example, memory 204a may perform some or all of the processes controlled by processor 202a, or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein. It may store software codes including them. Here, the processor 202a and the memory 204a may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). The transceiver 206a may be coupled to the processor 202a and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas 208a. The transceiver 206a may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 206a may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200b includes one or more processors 202b, one or more memories 204b, and may further include one or more transceivers 206b and/or one or more antennas 208b. The processor 202b controls the memory 204b and/or the transceiver 206b and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow diagrams disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202b may process information in the memory 204b to generate third information/signal, and transmit a radio signal including the third information/signal through the transceiver 206b. In addition, the processor 202b may receive a radio signal including the fourth information/signal through the transceiver 206b and store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in the memory 204b. The memory 204b may be connected to the processor 202b and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202b. For example, the memory 204b may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202b, or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein. It may store software codes including them. Here, the processor 202b and the memory 204b may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). The transceiver 206b may be coupled to the processor 202b and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas 208b. The transceiver 206b may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 206b may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 200a and 200b will be described in more detail. Although not limited to this, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 202a, 202b. For example, the one or more processors 202a and 202b may include one or more layers (eg, PHY (physical), MAC (media access control), RLC (radio link control), PDCP (packet data convergence protocol), RRC (radio resource) control) and functional layers such as service data adaptation protocol (SDAP). One or more processors 202a, 202b may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and/or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flow charts disclosed herein. can create One or more processors 202a, 202b may generate messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flow diagrams disclosed herein. One or more processors 202a, 202b generate PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or signals (eg, baseband signals) containing information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and/or methods disclosed herein , may be provided to one or more transceivers 206a and 206b. One or more processors 202a, 202b may receive signals (eg, baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 206a, 206b, and descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information can be obtained according to these.

One or more processors 202a, 202b may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor or microcomputer. One or more processors 202a, 202b may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). may be included in one or more processors 202a and 202b. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, and the like. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flow charts disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 202a or 202b or stored in one or more memories 204a or 204b. It can be driven by the above processors 202a and 202b. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow charts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.

One or more memories 204a, 204b may be coupled to one or more processors 202a, 202b and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and/or instructions. One or more memories 204a, 204b may include read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media, and/or It may consist of a combination of these. One or more memories 204a, 204b may be located internally and/or externally to one or more processors 202a, 202b. In addition, one or more memories 204a, 204b may be connected to one or more processors 202a, 202b through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

One or more transceivers 206a, 206b may transmit user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. referred to in the methods and/or operational flow charts of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 206a, 206b may receive user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. referred to in descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flow charts, etc. disclosed herein from one or more other devices. there is. For example, one or more transceivers 206a and 206b may be connected to one or more processors 202a and 202b and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 202a, 202b may control one or more transceivers 206a, 206b to transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. In addition, one or more processors 202a, 202b may control one or more transceivers 206a, 206b to receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. In addition, one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may be coupled to one or more antennas 208a, 208b, and one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may be connected to one or more antennas 208a, 208b to achieve the descriptions, functions disclosed in this document. , procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. can be set to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. In this document, one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (eg, antenna ports). One or more transceivers (206a, 206b) in order to process the received user data, control information, radio signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (202a, 202b), the received radio signal / channel, etc. in the RF band signal It can be converted into a baseband signal. One or more transceivers 206a and 206b may convert user data, control information, and radio signals/channels processed by one or more processors 202a and 202b from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.

Wireless device structure applicable to the present disclosure

3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 3, a wireless device 300 corresponds to the wireless devices 200a and 200b of FIG. 2, and includes various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules. ) can be configured. For example, the wireless device 300 may include a communication unit 310, a control unit 320, a memory unit 330, and an additional element 340. The communication unit may include communication circuitry 312 and transceiver(s) 314 . For example, communication circuitry 312 may include one or more processors 202a, 202b of FIG. 2 and/or one or more memories 204a, 204b. For example, transceiver(s) 314 may include one or more transceivers 206a, 206b of FIG. 2 and/or one or more antennas 208a, 208b. The control unit 320 is electrically connected to the communication unit 310, the memory unit 330, and the additional element 340 and controls overall operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 320 may control electrical/mechanical operations of the wireless device based on programs/codes/commands/information stored in the memory unit 330. In addition, the control unit 320 transmits the information stored in the memory unit 330 to the outside (eg, another communication device) through the communication unit 310 through a wireless/wired interface, or transmits the information stored in the memory unit 330 to the outside (eg, another communication device) through the communication unit 310. Information received through a wireless/wired interface from other communication devices) may be stored in the memory unit 330 .

The additional element 340 may be configured in various ways according to the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element 340 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device 300 may be a robot (FIG. 1, 100a), a vehicle (FIG. 1, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (FIG. 1, 100c), a mobile device (FIG. 1, 100d) ), home appliances (FIG. 1, 100e), IoT devices (FIG. 1, 100f), digital broadcasting terminals, hologram devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate/ It may be implemented in the form of an environment device, an AI server/device (FIG. 1, 140), a base station (FIG. 1, 120), a network node, and the like. Wireless devices can be mobile or used in a fixed location depending on the use-case/service.

In FIG. 3 , various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules in the wireless device 300 may be entirely interconnected through a wired interface or at least partially connected wirelessly through the communication unit 310 . For example, in the wireless device 300, the control unit 320 and the communication unit 310 are connected by wire, and the control unit 320 and the first units (eg, 130 and 140) are connected wirelessly through the communication unit 310. can be connected Additionally, each element, component, unit/unit, and/or module within wireless device 300 may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 320 may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit 320 may include a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphic processing processor, a memory control processor, and the like. As another example, the memory unit 330 may include RAM, dynamic RAM (DRAM), ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and/or combinations thereof. can be configured.

Mobile device to which the present disclosure is applicable

4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a portable device applied to the present disclosure.

4 illustrates a portable device applied to the present disclosure. A portable device may include a smart phone, a smart pad, a wearable device (eg, smart watch, smart glasses), and a portable computer (eg, a laptop computer). A mobile device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 4 , a portable device 400 includes an antenna unit 408, a communication unit 410, a control unit 420, a memory unit 430, a power supply unit 440a, an interface unit 440b, and an input/output unit 440c. ) may be included. The antenna unit 408 may be configured as part of the communication unit 410 . Blocks 410 to 430/440a to 440c respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 410 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The controller 420 may perform various operations by controlling components of the portable device 400 . The controller 420 may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit 430 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the portable device 400 . Also, the memory unit 430 may store input/output data/information. The power supply unit 440a supplies power to the portable device 400 and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The interface unit 440b may support connection between the mobile device 400 and other external devices. The interface unit 440b may include various ports (eg, audio input/output ports and video input/output ports) for connection with external devices. The input/output unit 440c may receive or output image information/signal, audio information/signal, data, and/or information input from a user. The input/output unit 440c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 440d, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, in the case of data communication, the input/output unit 440c acquires information/signals (eg, touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information/signals are stored in the memory unit 430. can be stored The communication unit 410 may convert the information/signal stored in the memory into a wireless signal, and directly transmit the converted wireless signal to another wireless device or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit 410 may receive a radio signal from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received radio signal to original information/signal. After the restored information/signal is stored in the memory unit 430, it may be output in various forms (eg, text, voice, image, video, or haptic) through the input/output unit 440c.

Types of wireless devices to which this disclosure is applicable

5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present disclosure applies.

5 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present disclosure is applied. A vehicle or an autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, vehicle, train, manned/unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), ship, etc., and is not limited to a vehicle type.

Referring to FIG. 5 , a vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 includes an antenna unit 508, a communication unit 510, a control unit 520, a driving unit 540a, a power supply unit 540b, a sensor unit 540c, and an autonomous driving unit. A portion 540d may be included. The antenna unit 550 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 510 . Blocks 510/530/540a to 540d respectively correspond to blocks 410/430/440 of FIG. 4 .

The communication unit 510 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (eg, base stations, roadside base units, etc.), servers, and the like. The controller 520 may perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 . The controller 520 may include an electronic control unit (ECU). The driving unit 540a may drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 on the ground. The driving unit 540a may include an engine, a motor, a power train, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, and the like. The power supply unit 540b supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500, and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The sensor unit 540c may obtain vehicle conditions, surrounding environment information, and user information. The sensor unit 540c includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, and a vehicle forward. /Can include a reverse sensor, battery sensor, fuel sensor, tire sensor, steering sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ultrasonic sensor, illuminance sensor, pedal position sensor, and the like. The autonomous driving unit 540d includes a technology for maintaining the driving lane, a technology for automatically adjusting the speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a predetermined route, and a technology for automatically setting a route when a destination is set and driving. technology can be implemented.

For example, the communication unit 510 may receive map data, traffic information data, and the like from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 540d may generate an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit 520 may control the driving unit 540a so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (eg, speed/direction adjustment). During autonomous driving, the communication unit 510 may non/periodically obtain the latest traffic information data from an external server and obtain surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 540c may obtain vehicle state and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 540d may update an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on newly acquired data/information. The communication unit 510 may transmit information about a vehicle location, an autonomous driving route, a driving plan, and the like to an external server. The external server may predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology based on information collected from the vehicle or self-driving vehicles, and may provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or self-driving vehicles.

6 is a diagram showing an example of a moving body applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 6 , a mobile body applied to the present disclosure may be implemented as at least one of a vehicle, a train, an air vehicle, and a ship. In addition, the mobile body applied to the present disclosure may be implemented in other forms, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

At this time, referring to FIG. 6 , the moving object 600 may include a communication unit 610, a control unit 620, a memory unit 630, an input/output unit 640a, and a position measurement unit 640b. Here, blocks 610 to 630/640a to 640b respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 610 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other mobile bodies or external devices such as base stations. The controller 620 may perform various operations by controlling components of the moving body 600 . The memory unit 630 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions of the moving object 600 . The input/output unit 640a may output an AR/VR object based on information in the memory unit 630. The input/output unit 640a may include a HUD. The location measurement unit 640b may obtain location information of the moving object 600 . The location information may include absolute location information of the moving object 600, location information within a driving line, acceleration information, and location information with surrounding vehicles. The location measurement unit 640b may include GPS and various sensors.

For example, the communication unit 610 of the moving object 600 may receive map information, traffic information, and the like from an external server and store them in the memory unit 630 . The location measuring unit 640b may acquire moving object location information through GPS and various sensors and store it in the memory unit 630 . The controller 620 may generate a virtual object based on map information, traffic information, location information of the moving object, and the like, and the input/output unit 640a may display the created virtual object on a window in the moving object (651, 652). In addition, the controller 620 may determine whether the moving object 600 is normally operated within the traveling line based on the moving object location information. When the moving object 600 abnormally departs from the driving line, the control unit 620 may display a warning on a window in the moving object through the input/output unit 640a. In addition, the control unit 620 may broadcast a warning message about driving abnormality to nearby moving objects through the communication unit 610 . Depending on the circumstances, the controller 620 may transmit location information of the moving object and information about driving/moving object abnormality to related organizations through the communication unit 610 .

7 is a diagram showing an example of an XR device applied to the present disclosure. The XR device may be implemented as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) provided in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 7 , an XR device 700a may include a communication unit 710, a control unit 720, a memory unit 730, an input/output unit 740a, a sensor unit 740b, and a power supply unit 740c. . Here, blocks 710 to 730/740a to 740c may respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 710 may transmit/receive signals (eg, media data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, portable devices, or media servers. Media data may include video, image, sound, and the like. The controller 720 may perform various operations by controlling components of the XR device 700a. For example, the controller 720 may be configured to control and/or perform procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation and processing. The memory unit 730 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the XR device 700a/creating an XR object.

The input/output unit 740a may obtain control information, data, etc. from the outside and output the created XR object. The input/output unit 740a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensor unit 740b may obtain XR device status, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 740b includes a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, a red green blue (RGB) sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and a / or radar, etc. may be included. The power supply unit 740c supplies power to the XR device 700a and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like.

For example, the memory unit 730 of the XR device 700a may include information (eg, data, etc.) necessary for generating an XR object (eg, AR/VR/MR object). The input/output unit 740a may obtain a command to operate the XR device 700a from a user, and the controller 720 may drive the XR device 700a according to the user's driving command. For example, when a user tries to watch a movie, news, etc. through the XR device 700a, the controller 720 transmits content request information through the communication unit 730 to another device (eg, the mobile device 700b) or can be sent to the media server. The communication unit 730 may download/stream content such as movies and news from other devices (eg, the mobile device 700b) or a media server to the memory unit 730 . The control unit 720 controls and/or performs procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, metadata generation/processing, etc. for the content, and acquires the content through the input/output unit 740a/sensor unit 740b. An XR object may be created/output based on information about a surrounding space or a real object.

In addition, the XR device 700a is wirelessly connected to the mobile device 700b through the communication unit 710, and the operation of the XR device 700a may be controlled by the mobile device 700b. For example, the mobile device 700b may act as a controller for the XR device 700a. To this end, the XR device 700a may obtain 3D location information of the portable device 700b, and then generate and output an XR object corresponding to the portable device 700b.

8 is a diagram showing an example of a robot applied to the present disclosure. For example, robots may be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, and the like according to the purpose or field of use. At this time, referring to FIG. 8 , the robot 800 may include a communication unit 810, a control unit 820, a memory unit 830, an input/output unit 840a, a sensor unit 840b, and a driving unit 840c. . Here, blocks 810 to 830/840a to 840c may respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 810 may transmit/receive signals (eg, driving information, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers. The controller 820 may perform various operations by controlling components of the robot 800 . The memory unit 830 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions of the robot 800. The input/output unit 840a may obtain information from the outside of the robot 800 and output the information to the outside of the robot 800 . The input/output unit 840a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

The sensor unit 840b may obtain internal information of the robot 800, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 840b may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, a radar, and the like.

The driving unit 840c may perform various physical operations such as moving a robot joint. In addition, the driving unit 840c may make the robot 800 drive on the ground or fly in the air. The driving unit 840c may include actuators, motors, wheels, brakes, propellers, and the like.

9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an AI device applied to the present disclosure. As an example, AI devices include TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, laptops, digital broadcasting terminals, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, vehicles, etc. It may be implemented as a device or a movable device.

Referring to FIG. 9, the AI device 900 includes a communication unit 910, a control unit 920, a memory unit 930, an input/output unit 940a/940b, a running processor unit 940c, and a sensor unit 940d. can include Blocks 910 to 930/940a to 940d may respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 910 communicates wired and wireless signals (eg, sensor information, user data) with external devices such as other AI devices (eg, FIG. 1, 100x, 120, and 140) or AI servers (Fig. input, learning model, control signal, etc.) can be transmitted and received. To this end, the communication unit 910 may transmit information in the memory unit 930 to an external device or transmit a signal received from the external device to the memory unit 930 .

The controller 920 may determine at least one executable operation of the AI device 900 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. And, the controller 920 may perform the determined operation by controlling components of the AI device 900 . For example, the controller 920 may request, retrieve, receive, or utilize data from the learning processor unit 940c or the memory unit 930, and may perform a predicted operation among at least one feasible operation or an operation determined to be desirable. Components of the AI device 900 may be controlled to execute an operation. In addition, the control unit 920 collects history information including user feedback on the operation contents or operation of the AI device 900 and stores it in the memory unit 930 or the running processor unit 940c, or the AI server ( 1, 140) can be transmitted to an external device. The collected history information can be used to update the learning model.

The memory unit 930 may store data supporting various functions of the AI device 900 . For example, the memory unit 930 may store data obtained from the input unit 940a, data obtained from the communication unit 910, output data from the learning processor unit 940c, and data obtained from the sensing unit 940. Also, the memory unit 930 may store control information and/or software codes required for operation/execution of the controller 920 .

The input unit 940a may acquire various types of data from the outside of the AI device 900 . For example, the input unit 920 may obtain learning data for model learning and input data to which the learning model is to be applied. The input unit 940a may include a camera, a microphone, and/or a user input unit. The output unit 940b may generate an output related to sight, hearing, or touch. The output unit 940b may include a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensing unit 940 may obtain at least one of internal information of the AI device 900, surrounding environment information of the AI device 900, and user information by using various sensors. The sensing unit 940 may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar. there is.

The learning processor unit 940c may learn a model composed of an artificial neural network using learning data. The running processor unit 940c may perform AI processing together with the running processor unit of the AI server (FIG. 1, 140). The learning processor unit 940c may process information received from an external device through the communication unit 910 and/or information stored in the memory unit 930 . In addition, the output value of the learning processor unit 940c may be transmitted to an external device through the communication unit 910 and/or stored in the memory unit 930.

Physical channels and general signal transmission

In a wireless access system, a terminal may receive information from a base station through downlink (DL) and transmit information to the base station through uplink (UL). Information transmitted and received between the base station and the terminal includes general data information and various control information, and there are various physical channels according to the type/use of the information transmitted and received by the base station and the terminal.

10 is a diagram illustrating physical channels applied to the present disclosure and a signal transmission method using them.

In the power-off state, the power is turned on again or the terminal newly entered the cell performs an initial cell search operation such as synchronizing with the base station in step S1011. To this end, the terminal may receive a primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) and a secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH) from the base station to synchronize with the base station and obtain information such as a cell ID. .

Thereafter, the terminal may acquire intra-cell broadcast information by receiving a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal from the base station. Meanwhile, the terminal may check the downlink channel state by receiving a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in the initial cell search step. After completing the initial cell search, the UE receives a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a physical downlink control channel (PDSCH) according to the physical downlink control channel information in step S1012, Specific system information can be obtained.

Thereafter, the terminal may perform a random access procedure such as steps S1013 to S1016 in order to complete access to the base station. To this end, the UE transmits a preamble through a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S1013), and RAR for the preamble through a physical downlink control channel and a physical downlink shared channel corresponding thereto (S1013). random access response) may be received (S1014). The UE transmits a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) using scheduling information in the RAR (S1015), and performs a contention resolution procedure such as receiving a physical downlink control channel signal and a corresponding physical downlink shared channel signal (S1015). ) can be performed (S1016).

After performing the procedure as described above, the terminal receives a physical downlink control channel signal and/or a physical downlink shared channel signal as a general uplink/downlink signal transmission procedure (S1017) and physical uplink shared channel (physical uplink shared channel). channel, PUSCH) signal and/or physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) signal may be transmitted (S1018).

Control information transmitted from the terminal to the base station is collectively referred to as uplink control information (UCI). UCI is HARQ-ACK/NACK (hybrid automatic repeat and request acknowledgment/negative-ACK), SR (scheduling request), CQI (channel quality indication), PMI (precoding matrix indication), RI (rank indication), BI (beam indication) ) information, etc. In this case, UCI is generally transmitted periodically through PUCCH, but may be transmitted through PUSCH according to an embodiment (eg, when control information and traffic data are to be simultaneously transmitted). In addition, the UE may aperiodically transmit UCI through the PUSCH according to a request/instruction of the network.

11 is a diagram illustrating structures of a control plane and a user plane of a radio interface protocol applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 11 , Entity 1 may be a user equipment (UE). In this case, the terminal may be at least one of a wireless device, a portable device, a vehicle, a mobile device, an XR device, a robot, and an AI to which the present disclosure is applied in FIGS. 1 to 9 described above. In addition, a terminal refers to a device to which the present disclosure can be applied, and may not be limited to a specific device or device.

Entity 2 may be a base station. In this case, the base station may be at least one of eNB, gNB, and ng-eNB. Also, a base station may refer to a device that transmits a downlink signal to a terminal, and may not be limited to a specific type or device. That is, the base station may be implemented in various forms or types, and may not be limited to a specific form.

Entity 3 may be a network device or a device that performs a network function. In this case, the network device may be a core network node (e.g. a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF), etc.) that manages mobility. Also, the network function may refer to a function implemented to perform the network function, and entity 3 may be a device to which the function is applied. That is, entity 3 may refer to a function or device that performs a network function, and is not limited to a specific type of device.

The control plane may refer to a path through which control messages used by a user equipment (UE) and a network to manage a call are transmitted. Also, the user plane may refer to a path through which data generated in the application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data, is transmitted. In this case, the physical layer, which is the first layer, may provide an information transfer service to an upper layer using a physical channel. The physical layer is connected to the upper medium access control layer through a transport channel. At this time, data may move between the medium access control layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Data may move between physical layers of a transmitting side and a receiving side through a physical channel. At this time, the physical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources.

A medium access control (MAC) layer of the second layer provides services to a radio link control (RLC) layer, which is an upper layer, through a logical channel. The RLC layer of the second layer may support reliable data transmission. The function of the RLC layer may be implemented as a function block inside the MAC. A packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the second layer may perform a header compression function that reduces unnecessary control information in order to efficiently transmit IP packets such as IPv4 or IPv6 in a narrow bandwidth air interface. . A radio resource control (RRC) layer located at the bottom of the third layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer may be in charge of control of logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers (RBs). An RB may refer to a service provided by the second layer for data transmission between a terminal and a network. To this end, the RRC layer of the terminal and the network may exchange RRC messages with each other. A non-access stratum (NAS) layer above the RRC layer may perform functions such as session management and mobility management. One cell constituting the base station may be set to one of various bandwidths to provide downlink or uplink transmission services to several terminals. Different cells may be configured to provide different bandwidths. Downlink transport channels for transmitting data from the network to the terminal include a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, a paging channel (PCH) for transmitting paging messages, and a shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. there is. Traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through a downlink SCH or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, uplink transport channels for transmitting data from a terminal to a network include a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting an initial control message and an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. Logical channels located above the transport channel and mapped to the transport channel include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and a multicast control channel (MTCH). traffic channels), etc.

12 is a diagram illustrating a method of processing a transmission signal applied to the present disclosure. For example, the transmitted signal may be processed by a signal processing circuit. In this case, the signal processing circuit 1200 may include a scrambler 1210, a modulator 1220, a layer mapper 1230, a precoder 1240, a resource mapper 1250, and a signal generator 1260. At this time, as an example, the operation/function of FIG. 12 may be performed by the processors 202a and 202b and/or the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 . Also, as an example, the hardware elements of FIG. 12 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b and/or the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 . As an example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b of FIG. 2 . Also, blocks 1210 to 1250 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b of FIG. 2 , and block 1260 may be implemented in the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 , and are not limited to the above-described embodiment.

The codeword may be converted into a radio signal through the signal processing circuit 1200 of FIG. 12 . Here, a codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. Information blocks may include transport blocks (eg, UL-SCH transport blocks, DL-SCH transport blocks). The radio signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (eg, PUSCH, PDSCH) of FIG. 10 . Specifically, the codeword may be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by the scrambler 1210. A scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of a wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence may be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by modulator 1220. The modulation method may include pi/2-binary phase shift keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM), and the like.

The complex modulation symbol sequence may be mapped to one or more transport layers by the layer mapper 1230. Modulation symbols of each transport layer may be mapped to corresponding antenna port(s) by the precoder 1240 (precoding). The output z of the precoder 1240 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper 1230 by the N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transport layers. Here, the precoder 1240 may perform precoding after performing transform precoding (eg, discrete fourier transform (DFT) transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Also, the precoder 1240 may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mapper 1250 may map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resource may include a plurality of symbols (eg, CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator 1260 generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to other devices through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator 1260 may include an inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, and the like. .

The signal processing process for the received signal in the wireless device may be configured in reverse to the signal processing process 1210 to 1260 of FIG. 12 . For example, a wireless device (eg, 200a and 200b of FIG. 2 ) may receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port/transceiver. The received radio signal may be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal may be restored to a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scramble process. The codeword may be restored to an original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource demapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

13 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame applicable to the present disclosure.

Uplink and downlink transmission based on the NR system may be based on the frame shown in FIG. 13. In this case, one radio frame has a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (half-frame, HF). One half-frame may be defined as five 1ms subframes (subframes, SFs). One subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe may depend on subcarrier spacing (SCS). In this case, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP is used, each slot may include 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot may include 12 symbols. Here, the symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (or DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

Table 1 shows the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to SCS when a normal CP is used, and Table 2 shows the number of slots according to SCS when an extended CSP is used. Indicates the number of symbols, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe.

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

는 슬롯 내 심볼의 개수를 나타내고,

는 프레임 내 슬롯의 개수를 나타내고,

는 서브프레임 내 슬롯의 개수를 나타낼 수 있다.In Tables 1 and 2 above,

represents the number of symbols in the slot,

represents the number of slots in the frame,

May represent the number of slots in a subframe.

In addition, in a system to which the present disclosure is applicable, OFDM(A) numerology (eg, SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently among a plurality of cells merged into one UE. Accordingly, (absolute time) intervals of time resources (e.g., SFs, slots, or TTIs) (for convenience, collectively referred to as time units (TUs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between merged cells.

NR may support multiple numerologies (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands, and when the SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency and a wider carrier bandwidth, and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth larger than 24.25 GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

The NR frequency band is defined as a frequency range of two types (FR1 and FR2). FR1 and FR2 can be configured as shown in the table below. Also, FR2 may mean millimeter wave (mmW).

[Table 3]

6G (radio communications) systems are characterized by (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) battery- It aims to lower energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be four aspects such as “intelligent connectivity”, “deep connectivity”, “holographic connectivity”, and “ubiquitous connectivity”, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements shown in Table 4 below. That is, Table 4 is a table showing the requirements of the 6G system.

[Table 4]

Also, as an example, the above-described numerology may be set differently in a communication system to which the present disclosure is applicable. For example, a Terahertz wave (THz) band may be used as a frequency band higher than the aforementioned FR2. In the THz band, the SCS may be set larger than that of the NR system, and the number of slots may be set differently, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. The THz band will be described below.

14 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure applicable to the present disclosure.

One slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot includes 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols. A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of (eg, 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.

In addition, a bandwidth part (BWP) is defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (eg, SCS, CP length, etc.).

A carrier may include up to N (eg, 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through an activated BWP, and only one BWP can be activated for one terminal. Each element in the resource grid is referred to as a resource element (RE), and one complex symbol may be mapped.

6G communication system

At this time, the 6G system is enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), mMTC (massive machine type communications), AI integrated communication, tactile Internet (tactile internet), high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion and improved data security ( can have key factors such as enhanced data security.

15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 15 , a 6G system is expected to have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than a 5G wireless communication system. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, is expected to become a more mainstream technology by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1 ms in 6G communications. At this time, the 6G system will have much better volume spectral efficiency, unlike the frequently used area spectral efficiency. 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technology for energy harvesting, so mobile devices in 6G systems may not need to be charged separately. In addition, new network characteristics in 6G may be as follows.

- Satellites integrated network: 6G is expected to be integrated with satellites to serve the global mobile population. Integration of terrestrial, satellite and public networks into one wireless communications system could be critical for 6G.

- Connected intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communications systems, 6G is revolutionary and will update the wireless evolution from “connected things” to “connected intelligence.” AI can be applied at each step of the communication procedure (or each procedure of signal processing to be described later).

- Seamless integration wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks will transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

- Ubiquitous super 3-dimemtion connectivity: Access to networks and core network capabilities of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will make super 3-D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

In the new network characteristics of 6G as above, some general requirements can be as follows.

- Small cell networks: The idea of small cell networks has been introduced to improve received signal quality resulting in improved throughput, energy efficiency and spectral efficiency in cellular systems. As a result, small cell networks are an essential feature of 5G and Beyond 5G (5GB) and beyond communication systems. Therefore, the 6G communication system also adopts the characteristics of the small cell network.

- Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important feature of 6G communication systems. Multi-tier networks composed of heterogeneous networks improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

- High-capacity backhaul: A backhaul connection is characterized by a high-capacity backhaul network to support high-capacity traffic. High-speed fiber and free space optical (FSO) systems may be possible solutions to this problem.

- Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based service) through communication is one of the features of 6G wireless communication systems. Thus, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

- Softwarization and virtualization: Softwarization and virtualization are two important features fundamental to the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability and programmability. In addition, billions of devices can be shared in a shared physical infrastructure.

Core implementation technology of 6G system

- Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The most important and newly introduced technology for the 6G system is AI. AI was not involved in the 4G system. 5G systems will support partial or very limited AI. However, the 6G system will be AI-enabled for full automation. Advances in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communication in 6G. Introducing AI in communications can simplify and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can use a plethora of analytics to determine how complex target tasks are performed. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays.

Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by using AI. AI can also play an important role in machine-to-machine, machine-to-human and human-to-machine communications. In addition, AI can be a rapid communication in the brain computer interface (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

Recently, there have been attempts to integrate AI with wireless communication systems, but these are focused on the application layer, network layer, and especially deep learning, wireless resource management and allocation. come. However, such research is gradually developing into the MAC layer and the physical layer, and in particular, attempts to combine deep learning with wireless transmission are appearing in the physical layer. AI-based physical layer transmission means applying a signal processing and communication mechanism based on an AI driver rather than a traditional communication framework in fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. For example, deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanism, It may include AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

Machine learning may be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and may be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, and the like in a downlink (DL) physical layer. Machine learning can also be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, and the like in a MIMO system.

However, the application of DNN for transmission in the physical layer may have the following problems.

AI algorithms based on deep learning require a lot of training data to optimize training parameters. However, due to limitations in acquiring data in a specific channel environment as training data, a lot of training data is used offline. This is because static training on training data in a specific channel environment may cause a contradiction between dynamic characteristics and diversity of a radio channel.

In addition, current deep learning mainly targets real signals. However, the signals of the physical layer of wireless communication are complex signals. In order to match the characteristics of a wireless communication signal, further research is needed on a neural network that detects a complex domain signal.

Hereinafter, machine learning will be described in more detail.

Machine learning refers to a set of actions that train a machine to create a machine that can do tasks that humans can or cannot do. Machine learning requires data and a running model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be largely classified into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

Neural network training is aimed at minimizing errors in the output. Neural network learning repeatedly inputs training data to the neural network, calculates the output of the neural network for the training data and the error of the target, and backpropagates the error of the neural network from the output layer of the neural network to the input layer in a direction to reduce the error. ) to update the weight of each node in the neural network.

Supervised learning uses training data in which correct answers are labeled in the learning data, and unsupervised learning may not have correct answers labeled in the learning data. That is, for example, learning data in the case of supervised learning related to data classification may be data in which each learning data is labeled with a category. Labeled training data is input to the neural network, and an error may be calculated by comparing the output (category) of the neural network and the label of the training data. The calculated error is back-propagated in a reverse direction (ie, from the output layer to the input layer) in the neural network, and the connection weight of each node of each layer of the neural network may be updated according to the back-propagation. The amount of change in the connection weight of each updated node may be determined according to a learning rate. The neural network's computation of input data and backpropagation of errors can constitute a learning cycle (epoch). The learning rate may be applied differently according to the number of iterations of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, a high learning rate is used in the early stages of neural network learning to increase efficiency by allowing the neural network to quickly achieve a certain level of performance, and a low learning rate can be used in the late stage to increase accuracy.

The learning method may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, in a case where the purpose of the receiver is to accurately predict data transmitted by the transmitter in a communication system, it is preferable to perform learning using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

The learning model corresponds to the human brain, and the most basic linear model can be considered. ) is called

The neural network cord used as a learning method is largely divided into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), and recurrent boltzmann machine (RNN). and this learning model can be applied.

Terahertz (THz) communication

THz communication can be applied in 6G systems. For example, the data transmission rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be done using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology.

16 is a diagram showing an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure. As an example, referring to FIG. 16 , THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally represent a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths in the range of 0.03 mm-3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (sub THz band) is considered a major part of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding to the sub-THz band mmWave band will increase 6G cellular communications capacity. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz-3 THz is in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. The 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the broad band, but is at the border of the wide band, just behind the RF band. Thus, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

The main characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beamwidth produced by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of the THz signal allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be incorporated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables advanced adaptive array technology to overcome range limitations.

optical wireless technology

Optical wireless communication (OWC) technology is envisioned for 6G communications in addition to RF-based communications for all possible device-to-access networks. These networks access network-to-backhaul/fronthaul network connections. OWC technology is already in use after the 4G communication system, but will be more widely used to meet the needs of the 6G communication system. OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and free space optical (FSO) communication based on a wide band are already well-known technologies. Communications based on optical wireless technology can provide very high data rates, low latency and secure communications. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can also be used for super-resolution 3D mapping in 6G communications based on broadband.

FSO backhaul network

The transmitter and receiver characteristics of an FSO system are similar to those of a fiber optic network. Thus, data transmission in FSO systems is similar to fiber optic systems. Therefore, FSO can be a good technology to provide backhaul connectivity in 6G systems along with fiber optic networks. With FSO, very long-distance communication is possible even at a distance of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports high-capacity backhaul connectivity for remote and non-remote locations such as ocean, space, underwater and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connectivity.

Massive MIMO technology

One of the key technologies to improve spectral efficiency is to apply MIMO technology. As MIMO technology improves, so does the spectral efficiency. Therefore, massive MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Since MIMO technology uses multiple paths, multiplexing technology and beam generation and operation technology suitable for the THz band must be considered as important so that data signals can be transmitted through more than one path.

block chain

Blockchain will be an important technology for managing large amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, where a distributed ledger is a database that is distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger. Blockchain is managed as a peer to peer (P2P) network. It can exist without being managed by a centralized authority or server. Data on a blockchain is collected together and organized into blocks. Blocks are linked together and protected using cryptography. Blockchain is the perfect complement to the IoT at scale with inherently improved interoperability, security, privacy, reliability and scalability. Thus, blockchain technology provides multiple capabilities such as interoperability between devices, traceability of large amounts of data, autonomous interaction of other IoT systems, and large-scale connection reliability in 6G communication systems.

3D Networking

The 6G system integrates terrestrial and air networks to support vertical expansion of user communications. 3D BS will be provided via low-orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding a new dimension in terms of height and related degrees of freedom makes 3D connections quite different from traditional 2D networks.

quantum communication

In the context of 6G networks, unsupervised reinforcement learning of networks is promising. Supervised learning approaches cannot label the vast amount of data generated by 6G. Labeling is not required in unsupervised learning. Thus, this technique can be used to autonomously build representations of complex networks. Combining reinforcement learning and unsupervised learning allows networks to operate in a truly autonomous way.

drone

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones will be an important element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity is provided using UAV technology. Base station entities are installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs have certain features not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as easy deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and degrees of freedom with controlled mobility. During emergencies, such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and cannot provide services in sometimes volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle this situation. UAVs will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates three basic requirements of a wireless network: eMBB, URLLC and mMTC. UAVs can also support multiple purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, accident monitoring, and more. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

Cell-free Communication

The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is critical for 6G systems. As a result, users can seamlessly move from one network to another without having to make any manual configuration on the device. The best network is automatically selected from available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communication. Currently, user movement from one cell to another causes too many handovers in high-density networks, resulting in handover failures, handover delays, data loss and ping-pong effects. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of this and provide better QoS. Cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-tier hybrid technologies and different heterogeneous radios of devices.

Integration of wireless information and energy transfer (WIET)

WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. In particular, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the lifetime of battery charging wireless systems. Thus, battery-less devices will be supported in 6G communications.

Integration of sensing and communication

Autonomous radio networks are capable of continuously sensing dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchanging information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communications to support autonomous systems.

Integration of access backhaul networks

In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network is connected by fiber and backhaul connections such as FSO networks. To cope with a very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between access and backhaul networks.

Holographic Beamforming

Beamforming is a signal processing procedure that adjusts an antenna array to transmit radio signals in a specific direction. A subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology has several advantages such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference avoidance and rejection, and high network efficiency. Hologram beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because it uses software-defined antennas. HBF will be a very effective approach for efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

big data analytics

Big data analysis is a complex process for analyzing various large data sets or big data. This process ensures complete data management by finding information such as hidden data, unknown correlations and customer preferences. Big data is collected from various sources such as videos, social networks, images and sensors. This technology is widely used to process massive data in 6G systems.

large intelligent surface (LIS)

In the case of THz band signals, there may be many shadow areas due to obstructions due to strong linearity. By installing LIS near these shadow areas, LIS technology that expands the communication area, strengthens communication stability, and provides additional additional services becomes important. An LIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials and can change the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. LIS can be seen as an extension of Massive MIMO, but has a different array structure and operating mechanism from Massive MIMO. In addition, the LIS is low in that it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, i.e. it only passively reflects signals without using an active RF chain. It has the advantage of having low power consumption. In addition, since each passive reflector of the LIS must independently adjust the phase shift of an incident signal, it may be advantageous for a wireless communication channel. By properly adjusting the phase shift through the LIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.

Terahertz (THz) wireless communication

17 is a diagram illustrating a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 17, THz wireless communication uses wireless communication using THz waves having a frequency of approximately 0.1 to 10 THz (1 THz = 1012 Hz), and a terahertz (THz) band radio using a very high carrier frequency of 100 GHz or more. can mean communication. THz waves are located between RF (Radio Frequency)/millimeter (mm) and infrared bands, and (i) transmit non-metal/non-polarizable materials better than visible light/infrared rays, and have a shorter wavelength than RF/millimeter waves and have high straightness. Beam focusing may be possible.

In addition, since the photon energy of the THz wave is only a few meV, it is harmless to the human body. A frequency band expected to be used for THz wireless communication may be a D-band (110 GHz to 170 GHz) or H-band (220 GHz to 325 GHz) band with low propagation loss due to molecular absorption in the air. Standardization discussions on THz wireless communication are being discussed centering on the IEEE 802.15 THz working group (WG) in addition to 3GPP, and standard documents issued by the IEEE 802.15 TG (task group) (e.g., TG3d, TG3e) are described in this specification. It can be specified or supplemented. THz wireless communication may be applied to wireless cognition, sensing, imaging, wireless communication, THz navigation, and the like.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 17 , a THz wireless communication scenario can be classified into a macro network, a micro network, and a nanoscale network. In macro networks, THz wireless communication can be applied to V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) connections and backhaul/fronthaul connections. In micro networks, THz wireless communication is applied to indoor small cells, fixed point-to-point or multi-point connections such as wireless connections in data centers, and near-field communication such as kiosk downloading. It can be. Table 5 below is a table showing an example of a technique that can be used in THz waves.

[Table 5]

18 is a diagram illustrating a THz wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 18, THz wireless communication can be classified based on a method for generating and receiving THz. The THz generation method can be classified as an optical device or an electronic device based technology.

At this time, the method of generating THz using an electronic device is a method using a semiconductor device such as a resonant tunneling diode (RTD), a method using a local oscillator and a multiplier, a method using a compound semiconductor HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) based There are a monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) method using an integrated circuit, a method using an integrated circuit based on Si-CMOS, and the like. In the case of FIG. 18, a doubler, tripler, or multiplier is applied to increase the frequency, and the radiation is emitted by the antenna after passing through the subharmonic mixer. Since the THz band forms high frequencies, a multiplier is essential. Here, the multiplier is a circuit that makes the output frequency N times greater than the input, matches the desired harmonic frequency, and filters out all other frequencies. In addition, beamforming may be implemented by applying an array antenna or the like to the antenna of FIG. 18 . In FIG. 18, IF denotes an intermediate frequency, a tripler and a multiplier denote a multiplier, PA denotes a power amplifier, and LNA denotes a low noise amplifier. ), PLL represents a phase-locked loop.

19 is a diagram illustrating a THz signal generation method applicable to the present disclosure. 20 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIGS. 19 and 20 , the optical device-based THz wireless communication technology refers to a method of generating and modulating a THz signal using an optical device. An optical element-based THz signal generation technology is a technology that generates an ultra-high speed optical signal using a laser and an optical modulator and converts it into a THz signal using an ultra-high speed photodetector. Compared to a technique using only an electronic device, this technique can easily increase the frequency, generate a high-power signal, and obtain a flat response characteristic in a wide frequency band. As shown in FIG. 19, a laser diode, a broadband light modulator, and a high-speed photodetector are required to generate a THz signal based on an optical device. In the case of FIG. 19 , a THz signal corresponding to a wavelength difference between the lasers is generated by multiplexing light signals of two lasers having different wavelengths. In FIG. 19, an optical coupler refers to a semiconductor device that transmits an electrical signal using light waves in order to provide electrical isolation and coupling between circuits or systems, and UTC-PD (uni-travelling carrier photo- The detector is one of the photodetectors, and is a device that uses electrons as active carriers and reduces the movement time of electrons through bandgap grading. UTC-PD is capable of photodetection above 150 GHz. In FIG. 20, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) represents an optical fiber amplifier to which erbium is added, a photo detector (PD) represents a semiconductor device capable of converting an optical signal into an electrical signal, and an OSA represents various optical communication functions (e.g. , photoelectric conversion, electrical optical conversion, etc.) represents an optical module (optical sub assembly) that is modularized into one component, and DSO represents a digital storage oscilloscope.

21 is a diagram illustrating a transmitter structure applicable to the present disclosure. 22 is a diagram showing a modulator structure applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIGS. 21 and 22 , in general, a phase of a signal may be changed by passing an optical source of a laser through an optical wave guide. At this time, data is loaded by changing electrical characteristics through a microwave contact or the like. Thus, the optical modulator output is formed into a modulated waveform. A photoelectric modulator (O/E converter) is an optical rectification operation by a nonlinear crystal, an O/E conversion by a photoconductive antenna, and a bundle of electrons in light flux. THz pulses can be generated according to emission from relativistic electrons, etc. A THz pulse generated in the above manner may have a unit length of femto second to pico second. An O/E converter uses non-linearity of a device to perform down conversion.

Considering the THz spectrum usage, it is necessary to use several contiguous GHz bands for fixed or mobile service for terahertz systems. more likely to use According to outdoor scenario criteria, available bandwidth may be classified based on oxygen attenuation of 10^2 dB/km in a spectrum up to 1 THz. Accordingly, a framework in which the available bandwidth is composed of several band chunks may be considered. As an example of the framework, if the length of a THz pulse for one carrier is set to 50 ps, the bandwidth (BW) becomes about 20 GHz.

Effective down conversion from the infrared band to the THz band depends on how to utilize the nonlinearity of the O/E converter. That is, in order to down-convert to the desired terahertz band (THz band), the photoelectric converter (O / E converter) having the most ideal non-linearity to move to the corresponding terahertz band (THz band) design is required. If an O/E converter that does not fit the target frequency band is used, there is a high possibility that an error will occur with respect to the amplitude and phase of the corresponding pulse.

In a single carrier system, a terahertz transmission/reception system may be implemented using one photoelectric converter. Depending on the channel environment, in a multi-carrier system, as many photoelectric converters as the number of carriers may be required. In particular, in the case of a multi-carrier system using several broadbands according to a plan related to the above-mentioned spectrum use, the phenomenon will be conspicuous. In this regard, a frame structure for the multi-carrier system may be considered. A signal down-frequency converted based on the photoelectric converter may be transmitted in a specific resource region (eg, a specific frame). The frequency domain of the specific resource domain may include a plurality of chunks. Each chunk may consist of at least one component carrier (CC).

In the following, specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described based on the foregoing. For example, as described above, a new communication system (e.g. 6G) may be required. At this time, the new communication system may be a communication system requiring high throughput. At this time, in order to satisfy the huge throughput in the new communication system, there is a need to reduce errors occurring at the TB level (Transport-block level). That is, in a new communication system, there is a need to increase transmission efficiency.

In this case, as an example, in a new communication system (e.g. Beyound-5G, 6G), the aforementioned Tera-Hz band communication may be possible. At this time, the terahertz band can provide a wider bandwidth than the existing communication system, and through this, a lot of data can be transmitted. For example, in a new communication system (e.g. 6G), the peak data rate can be considered up to “1 Tbits/sec”. However, this is only one example and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. At this time, as an example, in the existing communication system (e.g. NR (New Ratio)), the maximum data rate may be supported up to 20 Gbps in the downlink. Also, as an example, the maximum data rate in an existing communication system may be supported by 10 Gbps in an uplink. However, this is only one example and may not be limited to the above-described embodiment.

Here, an operation to satisfy high throughput may be considered. As a specific example, a higher frequency band can be used in the NR communication system than in the LTE communication system. Accordingly, the frequency bandwidth used by the terminal and the base station in the NR communication system can be larger than that of the LTE system, and through this, high throughput transmission can be satisfied. At this time, considering the above-described operation, since the frequency bandwidth is increased, the size of a transport block (TB) can be increased within the same slot. At this time, the TB may be composed of a large number of CBs (Code Blocks). A TB can be divided into multiple CBs through code-block segmentation. Here, in the existing LTE system, retransmission could be performed in units of TB. For example, since the TB size is relatively small in the LTE system, performing retransmission in TB units can be efficient.

On the other hand, in the NR system in which the TB size is increased, transmission efficiency may decrease when retransmission is performed in units of TB. That is, when retransmitting an erroneous TB, the terminal or the base station reconfigures the entire TB and performs retransmission, which may reduce transmission efficiency. Considering the foregoing, when an error occurs in a code block in the NR system, retransmission can be performed in units of CBG (Code Block Group), thereby increasing transmission efficiency. For example, in the current NR system, a retransmission process may be performed for up to 8 CBGs, but is not limited thereto.

As a specific example, in the LTE system, when a terminal or base station fails to receive a TB, the terminal or base station can check whether transmission is successful with the entire TB. That is, the terminal or the base station can check ACK/NACK for each TB. In this case, even if there is an error in some CBs of the TB, if the terminal or the base station fails to receive, the entire TB may be retransmitted. On the other hand, when a terminal or a base station receives data in the NR system, it is possible to check whether transmission is successful for each CBG. That is, the terminal or the base station can check ACK/NACK in units of CBGs. After that, the terminal or the base station may request and receive retransmission only for the CBG (the CBG corresponding to the NACK) for which transmission has failed.

In addition, as an example, referring to Table 1 below, LDPC (Low Density Parity Check Code) code is used to support 20Gbps, which is the maximum transmission rate of the downlink described above, in the NR system, and the maximum code block size (Max Code- block size) of 8448, highest code rate of 8/9, and maximum bandwidth of 400Mhz may be applied. In this case, the number of code blocks (CBs) per TB may be approximately 250 at peak throughput. Here, the number of CBs per TB is the number of CBs for one slot.

는 CBG 그룹 내의 CB 수(N)에 따라 지수적(exponential)으로 비례하여 증가할 수 있다. As another example, in Table 1, when the system bandwidth is 400Mhz, MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output) is 4, modulation is 256QAM, and maximum coding rate is 7/8, peak throughput is considered. In , approximately 500 code blocks can be configured per one TB. In this case, in the NR system, one TB is transmitted per slot, and the number of CBs per TB is the number of CBs for one slot. As an example, it may be considered that the maximum number of CBGs (8) is used when the number of CBs per TB is approximately 250. At this time, approximately 32 CBs may be configured per one CBG. As an example, FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a Block Error Rate (BLER) -CBG to which the present disclosure may be applied. Referring to FIG. 23, an LDPC having a BLER-CB of 0.001 may be considered. At this time, BLER (Block Error Rate) -CBG may be derived based on Equation 1 below. In Equation 1 below, N may be the number of CBs in the CBG group. in other words,

may increase exponentially in proportion to the number of CBs (N) in the CBG group.

가 0.0275가 되어 재 전송률이 대략 27.5%가 증가할 수 있다. 즉, TB를 CBG단위로 분할(segmentation) 하더라도, 하나의 CBG에 해당하는 CB 수가 많은 경우, CBG 단위의 오류는 여전히 높을 수 있고, CBG단위의 재 전송률이 높아질 수 있다.At this time, as described above, when the number of code blocks per TB is approximately 250 and the maximum CBG (8) is used to configure approximately 32 CBs per CBG, for 0.001 BLER-CB

becomes 0.0275, the retransmission rate may increase by approximately 27.5%. That is, even if TB is segmented into CBG units, when the number of CBs corresponding to one CBG is large, errors in CBG units may still be high and the retransmission rate in CBG units may increase.

[Equation 1]

[Table 1]

Also, as an example, Table 2 below may be a case in which peak throughput is extended in consideration of a new communication system (e.g. 6G). For example, referring to Table 2, a higher frequency band may be used. For example, as described above, the terahertz band may be used for wireless communication. Here, when using the terahertz band, considering the peak throughput in an environment where the system bandwidth is 4Ghz, the subframe duration is 15.625us, MIMO is 8, the modulation is 1024QAM, and the maximum coding rate is 9/10, one The number of code blocks per TB of may be approximately 3,150. Meanwhile, as an example, CB in Table 2 may be 1000 bits. In this case, for example, in an existing communication system (e.g. NR), the maximum CB size may be about 8000 bits. However, in the terahertz band, data to be transmitted per second may increase to achieve “Tera bps (or sub Tera bps)”. Considering the above points, the channel decoder must operate in an “unrolled fully parallel” structure, and the size of a CB capable of designing (Implementation) such a structure may be approximately 1000 bits, and the CB may be approximately 1000 bits there is. However, this is only one example, and it may be possible to apply different maximum CB sizes, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. In this case, in Table 2 described above, since the system bandwidth of one component carrier is 4 GHz, the peak throughput may be 200 Gbps. (14 * 3500 * 8 * 10 * 0.8 = 3136000, 14: # of symbols per slot, 3500:active carrier, 0.8:efficiency(RS, sync etc))

이 기하급수적으로 증가할 수 있다. 따라서, 전송 에러율이 높아질 수 있고, CBG에 기초하여 전송을 수행하는 경우에는 높은 스루풋(Huge Throughput)을 기대할 수 없다. 따라서, 새로운 통신 시스템에서는 높은 스루풋(Huge Throughput)을 만족하기 위한 동작이 필요할 수 있으며, 이에 대해서는 후술한다.Here, as described above, the number of code blocks per TB may be approximately 3,150. Therefore, even if CBs are divided into maximum CBGs (8) like the existing communication system (eg NR system), there are approximately 400 CBs per CBG.

This can increase exponentially. Accordingly, the transmission error rate may increase, and high throughput cannot be expected when transmission is performed based on CBG. Therefore, in a new communication system, an operation to satisfy a high throughput may be required, which will be described later.

[Table 2]

Also, as an example, Table 3 below may be RRC parameters set in consideration of retransmission of CBG units in the NR system. At this time, as an example, referring to Table 3 below, the terminal or the base station may perform transmission in CBG units. In addition, up to 8 CBGs can be set per one TB. As an example, FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a CBG included in a TB to which the present disclosure may be applied. Referring to FIG. 24 , one transport block (TB) 2410 may include a plurality of code blocks (CBs). For example, in the NR system, an LDPC code may be used, and the number of CBs allocated per TB may be determined based on Table 1 described above. In this case, for example, each Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) may be attached to each CB, and the CRC may also be attached to the entire TB. At this time, the CRC is a value for checking whether there is an error in data transmission, and data transmission errors can be checked through the CRC in units of TB. In addition, data transmission errors may be checked for each CB through CRC.

Meanwhile, as an example, a Code Block Group (CBG) within a TB may be determined based on the RRC parameters of Table 3 below. That is, a plurality of CBGs 2420-1, 2420-2, and 2420-3 may be included in the TB. At this time, the maximum number of CBGs included in the TB may also be indicated by the RRC parameters in Table 3 below. That is, the terminal or the base station may set CBGs 2420-1, 2420-2, and 2420-3 in the TB based on information on the maximum number of CBGs indicated by the RRC parameter, and check retransmission for each CBG. That is, information on ACK/NACK may be received for each CBG. At this time, the terminal or the base station may perform retransmission only for the CBG for which the transmission failed (indicated by NACK).

[Table 3]

However, as described above, in a new communication system using a high frequency band, the number of CBs per TB may further increase. Therefore, since high throughput cannot be satisfied only by the above-described method, outer coding may be used to improve CBG-unit BLER. For example, an error can be improved through outer coding and a turn-around delay occurring during retransmission can be improved, which will be described later.

25 is a diagram illustrating a channel coding structure to which the present disclosure can be applied. A transmitter may perform channel coding for data transmission. In this case, as an example, the transmitter may be at least one of a terminal and a base station. Also, as an example, the transmitter may be configured to operate based on the above-described FIGS. 1 to 9, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. Also, as an example, the receiving end may be at least one of a terminal and a base station. At this time, the receiving end may be configured to operate based on the above-described FIGS. 1 to 9, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

However, in the following, for convenience of description, a case in which a terminal transmits data is described as a standard. That is, the aforementioned transmitting end may be a terminal, and the receiving end may be a base station. However, it may be possible for the base station to be the transmitting end and the terminal to be the receiving end, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. In the following, for convenience of description, the description is based on the terminal.

For example, referring to FIG. 25(a), in an existing communication system (e.g. LTE, NR), a terminal may perform data transmission after performing channel coding. More specifically, the terminal may receive a TB (Transport Block) for signal transmission from an upper layer. At this time, the terminal may attach a CRC to the TB and perform code block segmentation on the TB to which the CRC is attached. At this time, the terminal may attach a CRC to each divided code block (CB) and apply an LDCP code to the CB to which the CRC is attached. That is, the UE may perform channel coding for each CB through an LDCP encoder. Thereafter, the terminal may select bits from the channel-coded CBs and perform rate matching to generate multiple redundancy versions (RVs) by performing interleaving. Thereafter, the terminal may associate CBs again (code block concatenation), scrambling, and then perform modulation. Thereafter, the UE may perform layer mapping and then perform data transmission by applying OFDM modulation.

At this time, as an example, referring to FIG. 25(b), as described above, when the terminal operates based on the new communication system, the terminal may further perform outer coding.

Here, as an example, when the terminal uses a low frequency band, the terminal may not apply outer coding. On the other hand, when the terminal uses a high frequency band, the terminal may perform data transmission by applying outer coding. In this case, as an example, whether or not outer coding is applied to the terminal may be signaled through the base station. As another example, whether or not outer coding is applied may be previously determined for each frequency used by the terminal. For example, for a frequency lower than a specific frequency, the terminal may determine that outer coding is not applied. On the other hand, for a frequency higher than a specific frequency, the terminal may perform data transmission by applying outer coding, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, a frequency higher than a specific frequency may be a terahertz band, but is not limited thereto.

Meanwhile, as an example, when the terminal applies outer coding, referring to FIG. 25 (b), the terminal may apply outer coding before attaching the CRC to each CB after code block segmentation. . As an example, FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating a method of transmitting data based on outer coding to which the present disclosure can be applied. Referring to FIG. 26, as described above, when the terminal applies outer coding before attaching the CRC to each CB after code block segmentation, the terminal performs bit-to-byte conversion (Bit2Byte conversion) (S2610) For example, the terminal may convert a bit sequence in CB units into 8-bit units for Galois field (GF) (8) Reed-Solomon (RS) coding. In this case, RS encoding is performed in the present disclosure, but other coding schemes may also be applied. However, RS coding may be the most suitable (OPTIMAL) code. For example, when performing RS coding, an error can be maximally corrected by a given parity, so it may be most suitable for an outer code. Here, if the parity is M, errors can be corrected as many as M parities, which will be described later.

As another example, CB may be generated in units of 8 bits in an upper layer (e.g. L2), and code block division may also be divided in units of 8 bits. At this time, as an example, since the input of the outer coding is already in units of 8 bits, bit-to-byte conversion can be omitted.

Next, the terminal may perform “CB-by-CB writing”. (S2620) As an example, the terminal writes to memory in a row direction or column direction in units of CBs can do. Next, the terminal may perform outer encoding. (S2630) At this time, when the CB is written in the memory in the row direction, the terminal may perform RS encoding based on 8-bit units in the column direction and store RS parity in the memory. On the other hand, when the CB is written in the memory in the column direction, the terminal may perform RS encoding based on 8-bit units in the row direction and store RS parity in the memory.

Next, the terminal may perform “CB-by-CB reading” (S2640). As an example, as described above, after the terminal completes the outer encoding, the terminal can read from the first CB to PB (Parity Block). can be read from memory. In this case, when the terminal performs RS encoding based on 8-bit units in the column direction, the terminal may read from memory from CB to PB in the row direction. On the other hand, when the terminal performs RS encoding based on an 8-bit unit in the row direction, the terminal can read from memory from CB to PB in the column direction.

After that, the terminal may perform byte-to-bit conversion (Byte2Bit conversion) again. (S2620) At this time, as an example, the terminal may convert the 8-bit unit into a bit sequence again for CRC attachment. Accordingly, when the CRC attachment operation operates based on 8-bit units, the UE can omit the Byte2Bit conversion operation.

As an example, FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating an outer coding method to which the present disclosure may be applied. In this case, as an example, FIG. 27 may be a case where row wise writing and column-wise RS encoding are applied in FIG. 26 . Here, the operation of the present disclosure may be applied to column wise writing and raw-wise RS encoding in the same manner. However, in FIG. 27, for convenience of description, a case in which row-direction writing and column-direction RS encoding are applied is described as a standard.

For example, the terminal may use L CBs as outer coding inputs.

At this time, L and M may be determined based on available resources. For example, L may be set differently through signaling, which will be described later. After that, the terminal may generate M parity blocks (PBs) equal to the size of the CBs by coding the L CBs in the column direction. Also, as an example, M may be set differently through signaling, which will be described later.

After that, L+M CBs may be output by outer coding. In this case, as described above, the input is stored in the memory in a row-wise manner and the outer coding is performed in a column-wise manner, so that an interleaving operation can be simultaneously performed. In this case, each CB may be stored in units of 8 bits. For example, since CB is generated in units of 8 bits in an upper layer (e.g. L2), the CB may be configured in units of 8 bits. Also, as an example, CB may be composed of 8 bits to use the RS code of GF(8) in the outer code, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

Also, as an example, since GF(8) is used, the maximum value of L+M may be 255. (e.g. 2^8-1) Therefore, when L+M is less than 255, by Equation 2 below RS encoding filled with zeros as much as the determined S may be used. That is, “Information Shortening RS encoding” can be used as much as S. That is, encoding can be performed by inserting as many 0s as S in the front part of the first CB. In this case, S may be a CB length unit.

[Equation 2]

Next, L+M CBs generated through outer coding may perform CRC encoding through CRC attachment. Also, as an example, the use of outer coding may be used together with CBG unit retransmission. In this case, for example, whether to use retransmission and outer code may be determined in consideration of the size of the CBG. More specifically, when the size of the CBG is smaller than a specific value, the terminal can correct the error through retransmission in units of CBG. In this case, for example, the outer code may not be used. That is, the UE may perform retransmission in CBG units as in the NR system. Here, when transmission is performed in a low frequency band, since the CBG size may be small, the terminal may perform retransmission in units of CBGs without using an outer code, which may be the same method as in the existing system. Through this, a new communication system can be designed considering backward compatibility.

On the other hand, when the size of the CBG is greater than a specific value, the terminal may use the outer code instead of retransmitting the CBG unit and perform error correction based on the outer code. That is, when the size of the CBG is greater than a specific value in consideration of the situation in which the CB per TB increases using a high frequency band (e.g. terahertz), the UE may perform error correction based on the outer code, and the existing system may operate differently.

In this case, for example, signaling on whether to use the outer code may be required in consideration of the above points. For example, whether to use the outer code may be indicated to the terminal through at least one of an RRC message and system information. That is, whether to use the outer code may be indicated through information indicating whether to use the outer code. Here, as an example, when an outer code is used, an outer code block group (OBG) may be set. In this case, the above-described outer coding may be performed in OBG units, which will be described later. At this time, as an example, information on OBG setup (OBG Setup/Release) may be indicated through at least one of an RRC message and system information.

Also, as an example, when an outer code is used, the terminal may apply outer coding for each OBG. Also, retransmission may be performed in OBG units. As another example, the terminal may receive OBG flushing out information (Outer-Code Block Group flushing out information (or Indicator), OBGFI). In this case, the OBGFI may be information on whether to perform soft-buffer/HARQ combining on the retransmitted OBG. At this time, for example, if the OBGFI is “0”, the previously received OBG may not be considered (corrupted). On the other hand, if the OBGFI is “1”, the UE may perform retransmission in consideration of the previously received OBG. (combinable) At this time, as an example, OBGFI may be indicated through Downlink Control Information (DCI). That is, the terminal can check the OBGFI field of DCI and consider it when retransmitting OBG, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

As another example, when outer coding is used, the terminal may consider a parity mode (or parity size). That is, the terminal may consider the number of M described above. At this time, as an example, error correction may be performed through a parity block (PB). On the other hand, delay or overhead may increase as PB increases, so there is a need to determine an appropriate M value. In this case, as an example, the M value may be defined as a plurality of candidate groups, and a value used may be indicated through signaling. For example, M=2,4,6,8 may be defined. In this case, when 2-bit signaling is used, each M value may be mapped to 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The terminal may determine the M value based on the received value.

At this time, as an example, information on M candidates may be semi-statically indicated through an RRC message or system information. In addition, the actually used M value may be indicated to the terminal through DCI, but is not limited thereto. Also, as an example, the information on the M candidate group may be a preset value in the terminal. At this time, the terminal can check the actually used M value through signaling, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

Meanwhile, as another example, a method of signaling an actual M value without a candidate group for the M value may also be possible, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

Also, as an example, as described above, when RS coding is performed in outer coding, GF(8) RS may be used. Accordingly, as described above, the maximum value of L+M may be 255. That is, it may be determined as “L+M < 256”. Considering the above, there is a need to determine the allowable number of CBs (Lmax) in the OBG. In this case, as an example, the Lmax value may affect the latency of outer coding/decoding. Therefore, Lmax needs to be set differently for each use case. For example, when low latency is important, the Lmax value may be set small. On the other hand, when insensitive to low delay, Lmax can be set large.

Meanwhile, as an example, an Lmax value may also be defined as a plurality of candidate groups, and a value used may be indicated through signaling. When n-bit signaling is used, each Lmax value may be mapped to each value within n bits. At this time, the terminal may determine the Lmax value based on the received value.

At this time, as an example, information on the Lmax candidate group may be semi-statically indicated through an RRC message or system information. In addition, the actually used Lmax value may be indicated to the terminal through DCI, but is not limited thereto. Also, as an example, the information on the Lmax candidate group may be a preset value in the terminal. At this time, the terminal can check the Lmax value actually used through signaling, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

Meanwhile, as another example, a method of signaling an actual Lmax value may be possible without a candidate group for the Lmax value, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

As another example, the maximum allowable number of OBGs (n) may be determined. For example, the terminal may perform ACK/NACK transmission as many as n times. That is, the terminal may perform retransmission in units of OBG. Accordingly, as many as n bits for ACK/NACK transmission may be reserved. At this time, as an example, n may have values of 16, 32, 64, and 128. However, this is only one example and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, delay may occur as n increases. Therefore, in the case where a low delay is required, the n value is set to a low value, and in the case of insensitivity to the delay, a high n value may be used. At this time, as an example, the n value may also be indicated through at least one of an RRC message and system information, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

As another example, the terminal may transmit a request for using the outer code to the base station. For example, the terminal may transmit a request message for using the outer code to the base station based on service latency information, measured received signal received power (RSRP), and other surrounding environment information. After that, the base station may transmit an RRC message including at least one of information on whether the outer code is used and information on the number of M, Lmax, and n to the terminal. After receiving the RRC message, the terminal may use the outer code. However, transmission of the request message of the terminal may be an optional procedure. That is, the base station can deliver the above-described information to the terminal through an RRC message or system information without a request from the terminal, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

In addition, as an example, based on the above, the terminal may divide the TB into OBG and transmit it like the transmission of the existing CBG unit. At this time, the terminal may perform outer coding in OBG units. In this case, for example, when outer coding is used, encoding/decoding delay may increase.

More specifically, when the terminal uses deep interleaving based on the interleaving depth, coding performance may be improved. On the other hand, it may be a trade-off relationship in which delay due to interleaving increases. For example, since delay increases by an interleaving depth, it is necessary to determine an interleaving depth in consideration of a delay range allowable in the system.

As a specific example, in the terahertz (or sub-terahertz) band, subcarrier spacing will increase compared to the existing system (NR). This may mean that the length of a slot in the time domain is shortened. For example, when TB is scheduled in units of slots like NR and the SCS is 960 Khz, the time interval of one slot may be 15.625 us. In this case, a case in which one TB is allocated per one slot may be considered. In this case, as an example, as described above, when 1TB is divided into n OBGs, one OBG latency (one-OBG latency) may be further shortened to 15.625/n us. However, as described above, since the UE can perform retransmission in OBG units, it is necessary to adjust the delay value by selecting an appropriate n. For example, when the probability of retransmission occurrence is low because the channel condition is good, the delay may not be large even if the value n is set large. On the other hand, if the probability of retransmission is high due to poor channel conditions, the delay may increase as the value of n decreases. Therefore, the value of n may be determined in consideration of the channel conditions, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. That is, when the n value is determined, information on channel measurement may be considered.

As another example, when determining a TB size (TBS), a parity (M) value of outer coding may be reflected.

는 Intermediate Information bits일 수 있다. 이때, 24는 CB level CRC bit, 3816은 최대 CB size일 수 있다. 이때, 일 예로, 아우터 코딩에 기초하여 OBG 단위로 M개의 패리티가 생성되는 경우, 하기 수학식 4와 같을 수 있다. 이때, 하기 수학식 4에서

와

는 각각 OBG가 적용되는 CRC 길이 및 최대 CB 길이일 수 있다. 일 예로, 상술한 값들은 미리 결정될 수 있다. 일 예로,

와

는 각각 16, 1264(=1280-16)일 수 있으나, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다. 또한, 일 예로, M과 n은 각각 패리티의 크기와 OBG의 개수일 수 있으며, 이는 상술한 바와 같다. 이때, 수학식 4에 기초하여 결정된 C값에 기초하여 OBG당 CB 수는 하기 수학식 5와 같이 계산될 수 있다. 이때, 일 예로, 0부터 마지막 La-1 번째 OBG는 Ltmp1 크기의 CB를 가질 수 있다. 반면, 나머지 OBG는 Ltmp2 크기의 CB로 OBG가 구성될 수 있다.At this time, TBS may be determined based on Equation 3 below. In this case, in Equation 3 below, C may be the number of CBs in the TB. also,

may be Intermediate Information bits. In this case, 24 may be a CB level CRC bit, and 3816 may be a maximum CB size. In this case, for example, when M parities are generated in OBG units based on outer coding, Equation 4 below may be expressed. At this time, in Equation 4 below

and

may be the CRC length to which OBG is applied and the maximum CB length, respectively. For example, the above values may be determined in advance. For example,

and

may be 16 and 1264 (= 1280-16), respectively, but is not limited thereto. Also, as an example, M and n may be the size of parity and the number of OBGs, respectively, as described above. In this case, based on the C value determined based on Equation 4, the number of CBs per OBG may be calculated as shown in Equation 5 below. In this case, as an example, OBGs from 0 to the last La-1 may have CBs of Ltmp1 size. On the other hand, the remaining OBGs may be composed of Ltmp2 sized CBs.

As another example, OBGs from 0 to the last n-La-1 may be composed of Ltmp2-sized CBs, and the remaining OBGs may be composed of Ltmp1-sized CBs. In this case, in the above case, the same number of CBs may be allocated to each OBG, but is not limited thereto.

[Equation 3]

[Equation 4]

[Equation 5]

As described above, when using the outer code, the error rate can be reduced even if the number of CBs in the TB or CBG increases. Also, through this, the retransmission rate can be lowered. In addition, as an example, the number of CBs in the OBG may be variably corresponded to using “Shortened erasure RS code”, and through this, efficient transmission may be performed in the terahertz band.

In addition, as an example, when outer coding is used, an error location can be checked using CRC, and an error correction rate can be maximized through “erasure RS decoding” by using this. Also, as an example, a case in which a low code-rate is selected in advance in consideration of the number of CBs in a TB (or CBG) may be considered. However, in the above case, since a low code rate is applied to all CBs, redundancy may be relatively large. Considering the above points, in the present disclosure, an outer code may be used, and through this, throughput may be increased.

28 is a diagram illustrating a decoding method for outer coding to which the present disclosure can be applied.

Referring to FIG. 28, the receiving end may decode outer coding. In this case, as an example, the receiving end may be at least one of a terminal and a base station. Also, as an example, the receiving end may be at least one of the devices of FIGS. 1 to 9 described above, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. In the following description, for convenience of description, a case in which the receiving end is a terminal is described. However, the receiving end may be a base station or any one of the devices of FIGS. 1 to 9 described above, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

In this case, as described above, the outer code may use the RS code, but is not limited thereto. For example, when using the RS code, Equation 6 below may be satisfied. In this case, in Equation 6 below, 2t may be the number of RS parity, s may be the number of errors, and e may be the number of errors whose location can be known. That is, since e is a number whose location is known but not confirmed, it may be a number of erasures. For example, as described above, errors can be corrected by the number of parities in the RS code. That is, 2t errors can be corrected. As a specific example, a case where M is 10 may be considered. That is, 2t may be 10. In this case, a case where the number of errors for which the location of the error is known is four may be considered. That is, e may be 4. At this time, based on the RS code, 4 errors whose locations are known and 3 errors whose locations are unknown can be further corrected. That is, s may be 3, and errors may be corrected as described above.

[Equation 6]

Also, as an example, the terminal may receive encoded data based on the above-described FIG. 25 . That is, data may be transmitted after outer coding, CRC coding, and LDCP coding are applied. Accordingly, when the UE performs decoding, the UE may decode outer coding after LDCP decoding, CRC decoding, and then decoding, as opposed to encoding. Therefore, the terminal may first perform CRC decoding before outer decoding. At this time, the terminal can check the location where the error occurred in units of CBs based on CRC decoding. That is, the terminal can use the CRC decoding result as an error (e) that can know the location. Considering the foregoing, the terminal can only correct the error (e) for which the location can be known, and can correct up to 2t errors. That is, by performing CRC decoding first, the terminal can correct only errors whose location can be known in outer decoding, thereby increasing efficiency.

As a specific example, referring to FIG. 28, the terminal may perform Bit2Byte Conversion (S2810). At this time, as described above, the RS code is performed based on GF(8), The RS decoder can also operate based on GF(8). Therefore, as described above, there is a need to convert bits in units of 8 bits. That is, the terminal may convert bit units to byte units. Here, as an example, when CRC is performed in units of 8 bits, bit2byte conversion (Bit2Byte Conversion) may be performed after CRC decoding.

Next, the terminal may perform CRC decoding in units of CBs. (S2820) At this time, the terminal can know the location of the CB with an error through CRC decoding. At this time, when the terminal performs “CB-by-CB writing”, the terminal may set 0 to the CB in which an error occurred. For example, the terminal may write to memory row-wise for RS decoding. In this case, for example, RS encoding is performed in the column direction, and RS decoding may also be written to the memory in the column direction. However, since RS coding is performed in the row direction in the above description, this will be described as a reference. Here, the terminal can still write for a CB without a CRC error. On the other hand, the terminal may write the CB with all zeros instead of data for the CB in which the CRC error has occurred. At this time, the terminal may display an erasure position based on the corresponding CB. Next, the UE may perform “Erasure RS decoding” using the generated error location information (S2830). At this time, the UE may correct the error based on parity. Next, the terminal may perform “CB-by-CB reading-out”. (S2840) At this time, the terminal may generate ACK/NACK in units of OBG based on the above-described operation. (S2850) At this time . That is, when the number of CRC errors is less than or equal to 2t and “Erasure RS decoder” is corrected for all CB lengths, the UE can generate and transmit an ACK. For example, when the above-described Equation 6 is satisfied, but a CRC FA (False Alarm) occurs, if the “Erasure RS decoder” can correct all CB lengths, an ACK can be generated and transmitted.

On the other hand, when the number of CRC errors (e) exceeds the aforementioned 2t, the terminal may generate and transmit a NACK. In addition, even if the number of CRC errors (e) does not exceed 2t described above, if the error is not corrected by the “Erasure RS decoder”, the terminal may generate and transmit a NACK. For example, OBG corresponding to NACK may be retransmitted.

As described above, when using the outer code, the error rate can be reduced even if the number of CBs in the TB or CBG increases. Also, through this, the retransmission rate can be lowered. In addition, as an example, the number of CBs in the OBG may be variably corresponded to using “Shortened erasure RS code”, and through this, efficient transmission may be performed in the terahertz band.

In addition, as an example, when outer coding is used, an error location can be checked using CRC, and an error correction rate can be maximized through “erasure RS decoding” by using this. Also, as an example, a case in which a low code-rate is selected in advance in consideration of the number of CBs in a TB (or CBG) may be considered. However, in the above case, since a low code rate is applied to all CBs, redundancy may be relatively large. Considering the above points, in the present disclosure, an outer code may be used, and through this, throughput may be increased.

29 is a diagram illustrating a signaling method of a terminal and a base station to which the present disclosure can be applied.

For example, referring to FIG. 29 (a), the terminal 2910 may receive an RRC configuration from the base station 2920 (S2901-1). DCI (Downlink Control Information) can be received from (S2901-2). At this time, as an example, as described above, the base station 2920 determines whether or not outer coding is used and information necessary when outer coding is used (e.g. M, Lmax, n ), information on at least one of them may be transmitted to the terminal 2910.

As a specific example, the base station 2920 may instruct the terminal 2910 with information on whether to use outer coding through an RRC configuration. Then, the base station 2920 may instruct the terminal 2910 at least one of information about the outer coding use mode (M), the maximum number of CBs in the OBG (Lmax), and the number of OBGs (n) through DCI. . After that, the base station 2920 may transmit the outer coded data to the terminal 2910 through the PDSCH. (S2903-1) Next, the terminal 2910 performs outer decoding and then ACK/ OBG units. A NACK may be transmitted to the base station 2920. (S2904-1) At this time, the base station 2920 may perform retransmission for the OBG indicated by the NACK.

As another example, referring to FIG. 29 (b), the terminal 2910 may receive an RRC configuration from the base station 2920 (S2901-1). In addition, the terminal 2910 is the base station ( 2920) may receive Downlink Control Information (DCI). (S2901-2) At this time, as an example, as described above, the base station 2920 determines whether outer coding is used and information required when outer coding is used (e.g. M, Lmax). , n) may transmit information about at least one or more to the terminal 2910.

As a specific example, the base station 2920 may instruct the terminal 2910 with information on whether to use outer coding through an RRC configuration. Then, the base station 2920 may instruct the terminal 2910 at least one of information about the outer coding use mode (M), the maximum number of CBs in the OBG (Lmax), and the number of OBGs (n) through DCI. . After that, the terminal 2920 may transmit the outer coded data to the base station 2920 through the PUSCH. (S2903-1) Next, the base station 2920 performs outer decoding and then performs ACK/ OBG unit. NACK may be transmitted to the terminal 2910. (S2904-1) At this time, the terminal 2910 may perform retransmission for the OBG indicated by the NACK.

As described above, when using the outer code, the error rate can be reduced even if the number of CBs in the TB or CBG increases. Also, through this, the retransmission rate can be lowered. In addition, as an example, the number of CBs in the OBG may be variably corresponded to using “Shortened erasure RS code”, and through this, efficient transmission may be performed in the terahertz band.

In addition, as an example, when outer coding is used, an error location can be checked using CRC, and an error correction rate can be maximized through “erasure RS decoding” by using this. Also, as an example, a case in which a low code-rate is selected in advance in consideration of the number of CBs in a TB (or CBG) may be considered. However, in the above case, since a low code rate is applied to all CBs, redundancy may be relatively large. Considering the above points, in the present disclosure, an outer code may be used, and through this, throughput may be increased.

30 is a diagram illustrating a method in which a terminal to which disclosure can be applied receives data from a base station.

Referring to FIG. 30 , a terminal may receive information on whether to use outer coding from a base station. (S3010) At this time, as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 29, the terminal may receive information on whether outer coding is used through RRC configuration. As another example, the terminal may receive information on whether outer coding is used through system information, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. Next, the terminal may receive outer coding related information from the base station. (S3020) At this time, as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 29, the terminal may receive information on at least one of the number of OBGs, the maximum number of CBs in the OBG, and information on the parity size. At this time, as an example, the terminal may receive the above-described information through DCI, but is not limited thereto. Next, the terminal may receive data to which outer coding is applied in units of OBG. (S3030) That is, outer coding may be applied to the PDSCH received by the terminal, and outer coding may be applied in units of OBG in one TB. Thereafter, the terminal may perform error correction in units of OBG based on at least one of CRC decoding and outer decoding on the received data. At this time, the terminal may correspond to an OBG in which an error does not exist or an error can be corrected with an ACK. On the other hand, the terminal may correspond to NACK for OBG incapable of error correction. After that, the terminal may transmit ACK/NACK information to the base station. (S3040) Next, the terminal may re-receive the OBG corresponding to the NACK from the base station. (S3050) That is, retransmission may be performed in OBG units.

31 is a diagram illustrating a method of transmitting data from a terminal to a base station to which the present disclosure can be applied.

Referring to FIG. 31, the terminal may receive information on whether outer coding is used or not from the base station. (S3110) At this time, as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 29, the terminal uses the RRC configuration to outer Information on whether coding is used may be received. As another example, the terminal may receive information on whether outer coding is used through system information, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. Next, the terminal may receive outer coding-related information from the base station. (S3120) At this time, as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 29, the terminal among information on the number of OBGs, the maximum number of CBs in the OBG, and the parity size Information on at least one or more may be received. At this time, as an example, the terminal may receive the above-described information through DCI, but is not limited thereto. Next, the UE may generate TB by applying outer coding in units of OBG. (S3130) After that, the UE may transmit outer coding-applied data (S3140). That is, the PUSCH transmitted by the UE is the outer coding. Coding may be applied, and outer coding may be applied in units of OBG in one TB. After that, the terminal can receive ACK/NACK information from the base station in units of OBG for the transmitted data. (S3150) Next, the terminal may retransmit the OBG corresponding to the NACK from the base station. (S3160) That is, retransmission may be performed in OBG units.

32 is a diagram illustrating an operation of a transmitter to which the present disclosure may be applied.

Referring to FIG. 32 , the transmitting end may receive outer coding related information from the receiving end. (S3210) At this time, the transmitter may be at least one of the terminal and the base station, as described above. Also, as an example, the information related to outer coding may include at least one of whether outer coding is used, the number of OBGs, the number of CBs in the OBG, and parity size information, as described above. Next, the transmitter may generate a TB by applying outer coding in units of OBGs through outer coding related information. (S3220) Next, the transmitting end may transmit the outer coding-applied TB to the receiving end. (S3230) At this time, the transmitting end may perform retransmission in OBG units based on the retransmission request from the receiving end, as described above. (S3240)

33 is a diagram illustrating an operation of a receiving end to which the present disclosure can be applied.

Referring to FIG. 33, the receiving end may receive a TB to which outer coding is applied in units of OBGs from the transmitting end. (S3310) At this time, the receiving end may be at least one of the terminal and the base station, as described above. Next, the receiving end may perform CRC decoding and outer decoding on the received TB in units of OBG. (S3320) At this time, as described above, the receiving end can check the error for which the location can be known through CRC decoding, and outer decoding can be applied to the error for which the location can be known. Next, the receiving end may correspond to NACK for an OBG whose error cannot be corrected based on CRC decoding and outer decoding. After that, the receiving end may transmit ACK/NACK information to the transmitting end and request retransmission of the OBG corresponding to the NACK, as described above. (S3330)

It is obvious that examples of the proposed schemes described above may also be included as one of the implementation methods of the present disclosure, and thus may be regarded as a kind of proposed schemes. In addition, the above-described proposed schemes may be implemented independently, but may also be implemented in a combination (or merged) form of some proposed schemes. Information on whether the proposed methods are applied (or information on the rules of the proposed methods) may be defined so that the base station informs the terminal through a predefined signal (eg, a physical layer signal or a higher layer signal). there is.

The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the technical ideas and essential characteristics described in the present disclosure. Accordingly, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in all respects and should be considered illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all changes within the equivalent range of the present disclosure are included in the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the claims may be combined to form an embodiment or may be included as new claims by amendment after filing.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various wireless access systems. As an example of various wireless access systems, there is a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) or 3GPP2 system.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied not only to the various wireless access systems, but also to all technical fields to which the various wireless access systems are applied. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied to mmWave and THzWave communication systems using ultra-high frequency bands.

Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various applications such as free-running vehicles and drones.

Claims (16)

In a method of operating a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system,
Receiving outer coding related information from a base station;
Generating a transport block (TB) based on an outer coding block group (OBG) through the outer coding related information, wherein outer coding is applied to each OBG;
Transmitting the TB to which the outer coding is applied to the base station; and
Performing retransmission in units of the OBG based on a retransmission request from the base station; including, a terminal operating method. According to claim 1,
The terminal receives configuration information from the base station, wherein the configuration information includes information on whether the outer coding is used in the terminal. According to claim 2,
The terminal checks whether the outer coding is used through information on whether the outer coding is used in the terminal,
When the outer coding is used, generating the TB based on the OBG. According to claim 2,
The terminal receives the outer coding setting related information from the base station,
The outer coding setting-related information includes at least one of OBG use mode information, OBG number information, and maximum code block (Code Block, CB) number information in OBG. According to claim 4,
The OBG use mode is determined based on the number of parity blocks (PBs) used for the outer coding. According to claim 4,
The outer coding setting related information is received from the base station through Downlink Control Information (DCI). According to claim 1,
When the outer coding is applied for each OBG, a code block (CB) included in the OBG is written row wise based on an 8-bit unit,
generating a parity block (PB) by applying the outer coding column wise to the CB written in the row direction;
Reading the generated PB in the row direction based on the CB and the outer coding. According to claim 1,
When the outer coding is applied for each OBG, a code block (CB) included in the OBG is written column wise based on an 8-bit unit,
generating a parity block (PB) by applying the outer coding row wise to the CB written in the column direction;
Reading the generated PB in the column direction based on the CB and the outer coding. According to claim 1,
wherein the terminal receives ACK/NACK information for each OBG included in the TB. In a terminal operating in a wireless communication system,
at least one transmitter;
at least one receiver;
at least one processor; and
at least one memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform a specific operation;
The specific action is:
Receiving information related to outer coding from the base station;
A transport block (TB) is generated based on an outer coding block group (OBG) through the outer coding related information, and outer coding is applied for each OBG,
Transmitting the TB to which the outer coding is applied to the base station, and
A terminal that performs retransmission in units of the OBG based on a retransmission request from the base station. According to claim 10,
wherein the terminal communicates with at least one of a mobile terminal, a network, and an autonomous vehicle other than a vehicle including the terminal. In a base station operating in a wireless communication system,
at least one transmitter;
at least one receiver;
at least one processor; and
at least one memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform a specific operation;
The specific action is:
Transmit outer coding related information from the terminal,
Receiving a transport block (TB) to which outer coding is applied in units of an outer coding block group (OBG) from the terminal,
A base station that performs a retransmission request for the received TB in units of the OBG. According to claim 12,
The base station transmits ACK/NACK information to the terminal for each OBG included in the TB. According to claim 13,
The base station checks whether the received TB has an error through a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and outer decoding. 15. The method of claim 14,
The base station performs the CRC for each OBG in the TB to identify an OBG with an error,
A base station that performs correction on the OBG in which the error exists through the outer decoding. According to claim 15,
The base station generates a NACK for an OBG incapable of error correction through the outer decoding, and transmits the NACK to the terminal.

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