KR20230095909A - Method and apparatus for performing channel encoding and decoding in a wireless communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure is for performing channel encoding and decoding in a wireless communication system, and a method of operating a first device in a wireless communication system includes generating a transport block, generating a plurality of outer code blocks from the transport block, Dividing one outer code block of the outer code blocks into a plurality of information bit-based inner code blocks, with respect to a first bit string including first bits of each of the information bit-based inner code blocks; Generating a first parity bit set by performing outer coding, and performing outer coding on a second bit string including second bits of each of the information bit-based inner code blocks to generate a second parity bit set. Generating a plurality of parity bit-based inner code blocks including at least one bit of the first parity bit set and at least one bit of the second parity bit set, the inner code based on the information bit The method may include performing inner coding on blocks and the inner code blocks based on the parity bit, and transmitting the inner coded inner code blocks to a second device.

Description

Method and apparatus for performing channel encoding and decoding in a wireless communication system

The following description relates to a wireless communication system, and relates to a method and apparatus for performing channel encoding and decoding in a wireless communication system.

A wireless access system is widely deployed to provide various types of communication services such as voice and data. In general, a wireless access system is a multiple access system capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of the multiple access system include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, and a single carrier frequency (SC-FDMA) system. division multiple access) system.

In particular, as many communication devices require large communication capacity, an enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication technology compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) has been proposed. In addition, a communication system considering reliability and latency-sensitive services/UE (user equipment) as well as mMTC (massive machine type communications) providing various services anytime and anywhere by connecting multiple devices and objects has been proposed. . Various technical configurations for this have been proposed.

The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for performing channel encoding and decoding more effectively in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for improving resource and delay gain in a wireless communication system.

The technical objects to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned matters, and other technical problems not mentioned above are common knowledge in the art to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the embodiments of the present disclosure to be described below. can be considered by those who have

As an example of the present disclosure, a method of operating a first device in a wireless communication system includes generating a transport block, generating a plurality of outer code blocks from the transport block, and an outer code of one of the outer code blocks. Dividing a block into a plurality of information bit-based inner code blocks, performing outer coding on a first bit string including first bits of each of the information bit-based inner code blocks, Generating a parity bit set; generating a second parity bit set by performing outer coding on a second bit stream including second bits of each of the information bit-based inner code blocks; first parity bit set Generating a plurality of parity bit-based inner code blocks including at least one bit of and at least one bit of a second parity bit set, the information bit-based inner code blocks and the parity bit-based inner code performing inner coding on the blocks, and transmitting the inner coded inner code blocks to a second device.

As an example of the present disclosure, a method of operating a second device in a wireless communication system includes receiving a signal including outer coded and inner coded data from a first device, Detecting information bit-based inner code blocks and parity bit-based inner code blocks by performing inner decoding corresponding to the inner coding for the information bit-based inner code blocks and the parity bit-based inner code blocks. Detecting the first bits of the outer code blocks by performing outer decoding on a first bit string including the first bits of each of the inner code blocks belonging to the same outer code block among the blocks, the inner code belonging to the same outer code block Detecting second bits of outer code blocks by performing outer decoding on a second bit string including second bits of each of the blocks, and restoring a transport block based on the outer code blocks.

As an example of the present disclosure, a first device in a wireless communication system includes a transceiver and a processor connected to the transceiver. The processor generates a transport block, generates a plurality of outer code blocks from the transport block, divides one outer code block of the outer code blocks into a plurality of information bit-based inner code blocks, and A first parity bit set is generated by performing outer coding on a first bit string including the first bits of each of the information bit-based inner code blocks, and each of the information bit-based inner code blocks Generating a second parity bit set by performing outer coding on a second bit stream including second bits, and including at least one bit of the first parity bit set and at least one bit of the second parity bit set. generating parity bit-based inner code blocks of, performing inner coding on the information bit-based inner code blocks and the parity bit-based inner code blocks, and the inner coded inner code Blocks may be controlled to be transmitted to the second device.

As an example of the present disclosure, a second device in a wireless communication system includes a transceiver and a processor connected to the transceiver. The processor receives a signal including outer-coded and inner-coded data from the first device, and performs inner decoding corresponding to the inner coding on the data, so that the information bit-based Detect inner code blocks and inner code blocks based on parity bits, and a first bit of each of the inner code blocks belonging to the same outer code block among the inner code blocks based on the information bit and the inner code blocks based on the parity bit. The first bits of the outer code blocks are detected by performing outer decoding on the first bit string including the second bit string including the second bits of each of the inner code blocks belonging to the same outer code block. Perform outer decoding on the By doing so, it is possible to detect the second bits of the outer code blocks and restore the transport block based on the outer code blocks.

The above-described aspects of the present disclosure are only some of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and various embodiments in which the technical features of the present disclosure are reflected are detailed descriptions of the present disclosure to be detailed below by those of ordinary skill in the art. It can be derived and understood based on.

The following effects may be obtained by embodiments based on the present disclosure.

According to the present disclosure, the error rate at the transport block level is lowered, and resource and delay gains can be improved.

Effects obtainable in the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned are technical fields to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the description of the following embodiments of the present disclosure. can be clearly derived and understood by those skilled in the art. That is, unintended effects according to implementing the configuration described in the present disclosure may also be derived by those skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present disclosure.

The accompanying drawings are provided to aid understanding of the present disclosure, and may provide embodiments of the present disclosure together with a detailed description. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with each other to form a new embodiment. Reference numerals in each drawing may mean structural elements.
1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system applied to the present disclosure.
2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.
3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applied to the present disclosure.
4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a portable device applied to the present disclosure.
5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present disclosure applies.
6 is a diagram showing an example of a moving body applied to the present disclosure.
7 is a diagram showing an example of an XR device applied to the present disclosure.
8 is a diagram showing an example of a robot applied to the present disclosure.
9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an artificial intelligence (AI) device applied to the present disclosure.
10 is a diagram illustrating physical channels applied to the present disclosure and a signal transmission method using them.
11 is a diagram illustrating structures of a control plane and a user plane of a radio interface protocol applied to the present disclosure.
12 is a diagram illustrating a method of processing a transmission signal applied to the present disclosure.
13 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame applicable to the present disclosure.
14 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure applicable to the present disclosure.
15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.
16 is a diagram showing an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure.
17 is a diagram illustrating a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.
18 is a diagram illustrating a THz wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.
19 is a diagram illustrating a THz signal generation method applicable to the present disclosure.
20 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.
21 is a diagram illustrating a transmitter structure applicable to the present disclosure.
22 is a diagram illustrating a modulator structure applicable to the present disclosure.
23 is a diagram showing the structure of a transmitter using a low density parity check (LDPC) code.
24 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the number of code blocks included in a code block group and block error rate (BLER) performance of the code block group.
25 is a diagram showing the structure of a transmitter applicable to the present disclosure.
26 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for transmitting data in a device applicable to the present disclosure.
27 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for receiving data in a device applicable to the present disclosure.
28 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a transport block externally coded by a device applicable to the present disclosure.
29 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of a transport block externally coded by a device applicable to the present disclosure.
30A is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of external coding performed by a device applicable to the present disclosure.
30B is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of inner coding performed by a device applicable to the present disclosure.
31 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for transmitting data in consideration of a transmission level in a device applicable to the present disclosure.
32 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for receiving data in consideration of a transmission level in a device applicable to the present disclosure.
33 is a diagram illustrating an example of combining packets according to different transmission modes in a device applicable to the present disclosure.
34 is a diagram showing another structure of a transmitter in a device applicable to the present disclosure.
35 is a diagram illustrating partitioning examples of an outer coding block in a device applicable to the present disclosure.
36 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for control signaling and data transmission between a base station and a terminal applicable to the present disclosure.
37 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for determining channel coding-related variables in a device applicable to the present disclosure.

The following embodiments are those that combine elements and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature may be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form not combined with other components or features. In addition, an embodiment of the present disclosure may be configured by combining some elements and/or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment.

In the description of the drawings, procedures or steps that may obscure the gist of the present disclosure have not been described, and procedures or steps that can be understood by those skilled in the art have not been described.

Throughout the specification, when a part is said to "comprising" or "including" a certain element, it means that it may further include other elements, not excluding other elements, unless otherwise stated. do. In addition, terms such as “… unit”, “… unit”, and “module” described in the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which is hardware or software or a combination of hardware and software. can be implemented as Also, "a or an", "one", "the" and similar related words in the context of describing the present disclosure (particularly in the context of the claims below) Unless indicated or otherwise clearly contradicted by context, both the singular and the plural can be used.

In this specification, the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described with a focus on a data transmission/reception relationship between a base station and a mobile station. Here, a base station has meaning as a terminal node of a network that directly communicates with a mobile station. A specific operation described as being performed by a base station in this document may be performed by an upper node of the base station in some cases.

That is, in a network composed of a plurality of network nodes including a base station, various operations performed for communication with a mobile station may be performed by the base station or network nodes other than the base station. At this time, the 'base station' is a term such as a fixed station, Node B, eNode B, gNode B, ng-eNB, advanced base station (ABS), or access point. can be replaced by

In addition, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal includes a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), It may be replaced with terms such as mobile terminal or advanced mobile station (AMS).

In addition, the transmitting end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node providing data service or voice service, and the receiving end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node receiving data service or voice service. Therefore, in the case of uplink, the mobile station can be a transmitter and the base station can be a receiver. Similarly, in the case of downlink, the mobile station may be a receiving end and the base station may be a transmitting end.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are wireless access systems, such as an IEEE 802.xx system, a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) system, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, a 3GPP ^5th generation (5G) New Radio (NR) system, and a 3GPP2 system. It may be supported by standard documents disclosed in at least one of, and in particular, the embodiments of the present disclosure are supported by 3GPP technical specification (TS) 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.321 and 3GPP TS 38.331 documents. can be supported

In addition, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to other wireless access systems, and are not limited to the above-described systems. For example, it may also be applicable to a system applied after the 3GPP 5G NR system, and is not limited to a specific system.

That is, obvious steps or parts not described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be described with reference to the above documents. In addition, all terms disclosed in this document can be explained by the standard document.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is intended to describe exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the technical configurations of the present disclosure may be practiced.

In addition, specific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to aid understanding of the present disclosure, and the use of these specific terms may be changed in other forms without departing from the technical spirit of the present disclosure.

The following technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and the like. It can be applied to various wireless access systems.

For clarity, the following description is based on a 3GPP communication system (eg, LTE, NR, etc.), but the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited thereto. LTE may refer to technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 8. In detail, LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 10 may be referred to as LTE-A, and LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 13 may be referred to as LTE-A pro. 3GPP NR may mean technology after TS 38.xxx Release 15. 3GPP 6G may mean technology after TS Release 17 and/or Release 18. "xxx" means standard document detail number. LTE/NR/6G may be collectively referred to as a 3GPP system.

For background art, terms, abbreviations, etc. used in the present disclosure, reference may be made to matters described in standard documents published prior to the present invention. As an example, 36.xxx and 38.xxx standard documents may be referred to.

Communication systems applicable to the present disclosure

Although not limited thereto, various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (eg, 5G) between devices. there is.

Hereinafter, it will be exemplified in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings/description, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks or functional blocks unless otherwise specified.

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a communication system 100 applied to the present disclosure includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device means a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (eg, 5G NR, LTE), and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device includes a robot 100a, a vehicle 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a hand-held device 100d, and a home appliance. appliance) 100e, Internet of Thing (IoT) device 100f, and artificial intelligence (AI) device/server 100g. For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, and the like. Here, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (eg, a drone). The XR device 100c includes augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR)/mixed reality (MR) devices, and includes a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, It may be implemented in the form of smart phones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, and the like. The mobile device 100d may include a smart phone, a smart pad, a wearable device (eg, a smart watch, a smart glass), a computer (eg, a laptop computer), and the like. The home appliance 100e may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, and the like. The IoT device 100f may include a sensor, a smart meter, and the like. For example, the base station 120 and the network 130 may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device 120a may operate as a base station/network node to other wireless devices.

The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 130 through the base station 120 . AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f, and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 100g through the network 130. The network 130 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (eg LTE) network, or a 5G (eg NR) network. The wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the base station 120/network 130, but communicate directly without going through the base station 120/network 130 (e.g., sidelink communication). You may. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (eg, vehicle to vehicle (V2V)/vehicle to everything (V2X) communication). In addition, the IoT device 100f (eg, sensor) may directly communicate with other IoT devices (eg, sensor) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

Wireless communication/connection 150a, 150b, and 150c may be performed between the wireless devices 100a to 100f/base station 120 and the base station 120/base station 120. Here, wireless communication/connection includes various types of uplink/downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication 150c (eg relay, integrated access backhaul (IAB)). This can be done through radio access technology (eg 5G NR). Through the wireless communication/connection 150a, 150b, and 150c, a wireless device and a base station/wireless device, and a base station and a base station can transmit/receive radio signals to each other. For example, the wireless communication/connections 150a, 150b, and 150c may transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving radio signals, various signal processing processes (eg, channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.) At least a part of a resource allocation process may be performed.

Wireless devices applicable to the present disclosure

2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a first wireless device 200a and a second wireless device 200b may transmit and receive radio signals through various wireless access technologies (eg, LTE and NR). Here, {the first wireless device 200a, the second wireless device 200b} denotes the {wireless device 100x and the base station 120} of FIG. 1 and/or the {wireless device 100x and the wireless device 100x. } can correspond.

The first wireless device 200a includes one or more processors 202a and one or more memories 204a, and may further include one or more transceivers 206a and/or one or more antennas 208a. The processor 202a controls the memory 204a and/or the transceiver 206a and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow diagrams disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202a may process information in the memory 204a to generate first information/signal, and transmit a radio signal including the first information/signal through the transceiver 206a. In addition, the processor 202a may receive a radio signal including the second information/signal through the transceiver 206a and store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory 204a. The memory 204a may be connected to the processor 202a and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202a. For example, memory 204a may perform some or all of the processes controlled by processor 202a, or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein. It may store software codes including them. Here, the processor 202a and the memory 204a may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). The transceiver 206a may be coupled to the processor 202a and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas 208a. The transceiver 206a may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 206a may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200b includes one or more processors 202b, one or more memories 204b, and may further include one or more transceivers 206b and/or one or more antennas 208b. The processor 202b controls the memory 204b and/or the transceiver 206b and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow diagrams disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202b may process information in the memory 204b to generate third information/signal, and transmit a radio signal including the third information/signal through the transceiver 206b. In addition, the processor 202b may receive a radio signal including the fourth information/signal through the transceiver 206b and store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in the memory 204b. The memory 204b may be connected to the processor 202b and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202b. For example, the memory 204b may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202b, or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein. It may store software codes including them. Here, the processor 202b and the memory 204b may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). The transceiver 206b may be coupled to the processor 202b and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas 208b. The transceiver 206b may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 206b may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 200a and 200b of the present specification may include narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR, and 6G. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, and may be implemented in standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2. no. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 200a and 200b of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, as an example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called various names such as eMTC (enhanced machine type communication). For example, LTE-M technologies are 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) It may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as LTE M, and is not limited to the above-mentioned names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 200a and 200b of the present specification includes at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low power communication. It may include any one, and is not limited to the above-mentioned names. For example, ZigBee technology can generate personal area networks (PANs) related to small/low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called various names.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 200a and 200b will be described in more detail. Although not limited to this, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 202a, 202b. For example, the one or more processors 202a and 202b may include one or more layers (eg, PHY (physical), MAC (media access control), RLC (radio link control), PDCP (packet data convergence protocol), RRC (radio resource) control) and functional layers such as service data adaptation protocol (SDAP). One or more processors 202a, 202b may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and/or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flow charts disclosed herein. can create One or more processors 202a, 202b may generate messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flow diagrams disclosed herein. One or more processors 202a, 202b generate PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or signals (eg, baseband signals) containing information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and/or methods disclosed herein , may be provided to one or more transceivers 206a and 206b. One or more processors 202a, 202b may receive signals (eg, baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 206a, 206b, and descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information can be obtained according to these.

One or more processors 202a, 202b may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor or microcomputer. One or more processors 202a, 202b may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). may be included in one or more processors 202a and 202b. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, and the like. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flow charts disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 202a or 202b or stored in one or more memories 204a or 204b. It can be driven by the above processors 202a and 202b. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow charts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.

One or more memories 204a, 204b may be coupled to one or more processors 202a, 202b and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and/or instructions. One or more memories 204a, 204b may include read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media, and/or It may consist of a combination of these. One or more memories 204a, 204b may be located internally and/or externally to one or more processors 202a, 202b. In addition, one or more memories 204a, 204b may be connected to one or more processors 202a, 202b through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

One or more transceivers 206a, 206b may transmit user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. referred to in the methods and/or operational flow charts of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 206a, 206b may receive user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. referred to in descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flow charts, etc. disclosed herein from one or more other devices. there is. For example, one or more transceivers 206a and 206b may be connected to one or more processors 202a and 202b and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 202a, 202b may control one or more transceivers 206a, 206b to transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. In addition, one or more processors 202a, 202b may control one or more transceivers 206a, 206b to receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. In addition, one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may be coupled to one or more antennas 208a, 208b, and one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may be connected to one or more antennas 208a, 208b to achieve the descriptions, functions disclosed in this document. , procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. can be set to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. In this document, one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (eg, antenna ports). One or more transceivers (206a, 206b) in order to process the received user data, control information, radio signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (202a, 202b), the received radio signal / channel, etc. in the RF band signal It can be converted into a baseband signal. One or more transceivers 206a and 206b may convert user data, control information, and radio signals/channels processed by one or more processors 202a and 202b from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.

Wireless device structure applicable to the present disclosure

3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 3, a wireless device 300 corresponds to the wireless devices 200a and 200b of FIG. 2, and includes various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules. ) can be configured. For example, the wireless device 300 may include a communication unit 310, a control unit 320, a memory unit 330, and an additional element 340. The communication unit may include communication circuitry 312 and transceiver(s) 314 . For example, communication circuitry 312 may include one or more processors 202a, 202b of FIG. 2 and/or one or more memories 204a, 204b. For example, transceiver(s) 314 may include one or more transceivers 206a, 206b of FIG. 2 and/or one or more antennas 208a, 208b. The control unit 320 is electrically connected to the communication unit 310, the memory unit 330, and the additional element 340 and controls overall operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 320 may control electrical/mechanical operations of the wireless device based on programs/codes/commands/information stored in the memory unit 330. In addition, the control unit 320 transmits the information stored in the memory unit 330 to the outside (eg, another communication device) through the communication unit 310 through a wireless/wired interface, or transmits the information stored in the memory unit 330 to the outside (eg, another communication device) through the communication unit 310. Information received through a wireless/wired interface from other communication devices) may be stored in the memory unit 330 .

The additional element 340 may be configured in various ways according to the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element 340 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device 300 may be a robot (FIG. 1, 100a), a vehicle (FIG. 1, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (FIG. 1, 100c), a mobile device (FIG. 1, 100d) ), home appliances (FIG. 1, 100e), IoT devices (FIG. 1, 100f), digital broadcasting terminals, hologram devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate/ It may be implemented in the form of an environment device, an AI server/device (FIG. 1, 140), a base station (FIG. 1, 120), a network node, and the like. Wireless devices can be mobile or used in a fixed location depending on the use-case/service.

In FIG. 3 , various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules in the wireless device 300 may be entirely interconnected through a wired interface or at least partially connected wirelessly through the communication unit 310 . For example, in the wireless device 300, the control unit 320 and the communication unit 310 are connected by wire, and the control unit 320 and the first units (eg, 130 and 140) are connected wirelessly through the communication unit 310. can be connected Additionally, each element, component, unit/unit, and/or module within wireless device 300 may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 320 may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit 320 may include a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphic processing processor, a memory control processor, and the like. As another example, the memory unit 330 may include RAM, dynamic RAM (DRAM), ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and/or combinations thereof. can be configured.

Mobile device to which the present disclosure is applicable

4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a portable device applied to the present disclosure.

4 illustrates a portable device applied to the present disclosure. A portable device may include a smart phone, a smart pad, a wearable device (eg, a smart watch, a smart glass), and a portable computer (eg, a laptop computer). A mobile device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 4 , a portable device 400 includes an antenna unit 408, a communication unit 410, a control unit 420, a memory unit 430, a power supply unit 440a, an interface unit 440b, and an input/output unit 440c. ) may be included. The antenna unit 408 may be configured as part of the communication unit 410 . Blocks 410 to 430/440a to 440c respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 410 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The controller 420 may perform various operations by controlling components of the portable device 400 . The controller 420 may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit 430 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the portable device 400 . Also, the memory unit 430 may store input/output data/information. The power supply unit 440a supplies power to the portable device 400 and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The interface unit 440b may support connection between the mobile device 400 and other external devices. The interface unit 440b may include various ports (eg, audio input/output ports and video input/output ports) for connection with external devices. The input/output unit 440c may receive or output image information/signal, audio information/signal, data, and/or information input from a user. The input/output unit 440c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 440d, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, in the case of data communication, the input/output unit 440c acquires information/signals (eg, touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information/signals are stored in the memory unit 430. can be stored The communication unit 410 may convert the information/signal stored in the memory into a wireless signal, and directly transmit the converted wireless signal to another wireless device or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit 410 may receive a radio signal from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received radio signal to original information/signal. After the restored information/signal is stored in the memory unit 430, it may be output in various forms (eg, text, voice, image, video, or haptic) through the input/output unit 440c.

Types of wireless devices to which this disclosure is applicable

5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present disclosure applies.

5 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present disclosure is applied. A vehicle or an autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, vehicle, train, manned/unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), ship, etc., and is not limited to a vehicle type.

Referring to FIG. 5 , a vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 includes an antenna unit 508, a communication unit 510, a control unit 520, a driving unit 540a, a power supply unit 540b, a sensor unit 540c, and an autonomous driving unit. A portion 540d may be included. The antenna unit 550 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 510 . Blocks 510/530/540a to 540d respectively correspond to blocks 410/430/440 of FIG. 4 .

The communication unit 510 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (eg, base stations, roadside base units, etc.), servers, and the like. The controller 520 may perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 . The controller 520 may include an electronic control unit (ECU). The driving unit 540a may drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 on the ground. The driving unit 540a may include an engine, a motor, a power train, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, and the like. The power supply unit 540b supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500, and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The sensor unit 540c may obtain vehicle conditions, surrounding environment information, and user information. The sensor unit 540c includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, and a vehicle forward. /Can include a reverse sensor, battery sensor, fuel sensor, tire sensor, steering sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ultrasonic sensor, illuminance sensor, pedal position sensor, and the like. The autonomous driving unit 540d includes a technology for maintaining the driving lane, a technology for automatically adjusting the speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a predetermined route, and a technology for automatically setting a route when a destination is set and driving. technology can be implemented.

For example, the communication unit 510 may receive map data, traffic information data, and the like from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 540d may generate an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit 520 may control the driving unit 540a so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (eg, speed/direction adjustment). During autonomous driving, the communication unit 510 may non/periodically obtain the latest traffic information data from an external server and obtain surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 540c may obtain vehicle state and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 540d may update an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on newly acquired data/information. The communication unit 510 may transmit information about a vehicle location, an autonomous driving route, a driving plan, and the like to an external server. The external server may predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology based on information collected from the vehicle or self-driving vehicles, and may provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or self-driving vehicles.

6 is a diagram showing an example of a moving body applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 6 , a mobile body applied to the present disclosure may be implemented as at least one of a vehicle, a train, an air vehicle, and a ship. In addition, the mobile body applied to the present disclosure may be implemented in other forms, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

At this time, referring to FIG. 6 , the mobile body 600 may include a communication unit 610, a control unit 620, a memory unit 630, an input/output unit 640a, and a position measuring unit 640b. Here, blocks 610 to 630/640a to 640b respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 610 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other mobile bodies or external devices such as base stations. The controller 620 may perform various operations by controlling components of the moving body 600 . The memory unit 630 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions of the moving object 600 . The input/output unit 640a may output an AR/VR object based on information in the memory unit 630. The input/output unit 640a may include a HUD. The location measurement unit 640b may obtain location information of the moving object 600 . The location information may include absolute location information of the moving object 600, location information within a driving line, acceleration information, and location information with surrounding vehicles. The location measurement unit 640b may include GPS and various sensors.

For example, the communication unit 610 of the moving object 600 may receive map information, traffic information, and the like from an external server and store them in the memory unit 630 . The location measuring unit 640b may acquire moving object location information through GPS and various sensors and store it in the memory unit 630 . The controller 620 may generate a virtual object based on map information, traffic information, location information of the moving object, and the like, and the input/output unit 640a may display the created virtual object on a window in the moving object (651, 652). In addition, the controller 620 may determine whether the moving object 600 is normally operated within the traveling line based on the moving object location information. When the moving object 600 abnormally departs from the driving line, the control unit 620 may display a warning on a window in the moving object through the input/output unit 640a. In addition, the control unit 620 may broadcast a warning message about driving abnormality to nearby moving objects through the communication unit 610 . Depending on the circumstances, the controller 620 may transmit location information of the moving object and information about driving/moving object abnormality to related organizations through the communication unit 610 .

7 is a diagram showing an example of an XR device applied to the present disclosure. The XR device may be implemented as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) provided in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 7 , an XR device 700a may include a communication unit 710, a control unit 720, a memory unit 730, an input/output unit 740a, a sensor unit 740b, and a power supply unit 740c. . Here, blocks 710 to 730/740a to 740c may respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 710 may transmit/receive signals (eg, media data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, portable devices, or media servers. Media data may include video, image, sound, and the like. The controller 720 may perform various operations by controlling components of the XR device 700a. For example, the controller 720 may be configured to control and/or perform procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation and processing. The memory unit 730 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the XR device 700a/creating an XR object.

The input/output unit 740a may obtain control information, data, etc. from the outside and output the created XR object. The input/output unit 740a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensor unit 740b may obtain XR device status, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 740b includes a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, a red green blue (RGB) sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and a / or radar, etc. may be included. The power supply unit 740c supplies power to the XR device 700a and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like.

For example, the memory unit 730 of the XR device 700a may include information (eg, data, etc.) necessary for generating an XR object (eg, AR/VR/MR object). The input/output unit 740a may obtain a command to operate the XR device 700a from a user, and the controller 720 may drive the XR device 700a according to the user's driving command. For example, when a user tries to watch a movie, news, etc. through the XR device 700a, the controller 720 transmits content request information through the communication unit 730 to another device (eg, the mobile device 700b) or can be sent to the media server. The communication unit 730 may download/stream content such as movies and news from other devices (eg, the mobile device 700b) or a media server to the memory unit 730 . The control unit 720 controls and/or performs procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, metadata generation/processing, etc. for the content, and acquires the content through the input/output unit 740a/sensor unit 740b. An XR object may be created/output based on information about a surrounding space or a real object.

In addition, the XR device 700a is wirelessly connected to the mobile device 700b through the communication unit 710, and the operation of the XR device 700a may be controlled by the mobile device 700b. For example, the mobile device 700b may act as a controller for the XR device 700a. To this end, the XR device 700a may obtain 3D location information of the portable device 700b, and then generate and output an XR object corresponding to the portable device 700b.

8 is a diagram showing an example of a robot applied to the present disclosure. For example, robots may be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, and the like according to the purpose or field of use. At this time, referring to FIG. 8 , the robot 800 may include a communication unit 810, a control unit 820, a memory unit 830, an input/output unit 840a, a sensor unit 840b, and a driving unit 840c. . Here, blocks 810 to 830/840a to 840c may respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 810 may transmit/receive signals (eg, driving information, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers. The controller 820 may perform various operations by controlling components of the robot 800 . The memory unit 830 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions of the robot 800. The input/output unit 840a may obtain information from the outside of the robot 800 and output the information to the outside of the robot 800 . The input/output unit 840a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

The sensor unit 840b may obtain internal information of the robot 800, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 840b may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, a radar, and the like.

The driving unit 840c may perform various physical operations such as moving a robot joint. In addition, the driving unit 840c may make the robot 800 drive on the ground or fly in the air. The driving unit 840c may include actuators, motors, wheels, brakes, propellers, and the like.

9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an AI device applied to the present disclosure. As an example, AI devices include TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, laptops, digital broadcasting terminals, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, vehicles, etc. It may be implemented as a device or a movable device.

Referring to FIG. 9, the AI device 900 includes a communication unit 910, a control unit 920, a memory unit 930, an input/output unit 940a/940b, a running processor unit 940c, and a sensor unit 940d. can include Blocks 910 to 930/940a to 940d may respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 910 communicates wired and wireless signals (eg, sensor information, user data) with external devices such as other AI devices (eg, FIG. 1, 100x, 120, and 140) or AI servers (Fig. input, learning model, control signal, etc.) can be transmitted and received. To this end, the communication unit 910 may transmit information in the memory unit 930 to an external device or transmit a signal received from the external device to the memory unit 930 .

The controller 920 may determine at least one executable operation of the AI device 900 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. And, the controller 920 may perform the determined operation by controlling components of the AI device 900 . For example, the controller 920 may request, retrieve, receive, or utilize data from the learning processor unit 940c or the memory unit 930, and may perform a predicted operation among at least one feasible operation or an operation determined to be desirable. Components of the AI device 900 may be controlled to execute an operation. In addition, the control unit 920 collects history information including user feedback on the operation contents or operation of the AI device 900 and stores it in the memory unit 930 or the running processor unit 940c, or the AI server ( 1, 140) can be transmitted to an external device. The collected history information can be used to update the learning model.

The memory unit 930 may store data supporting various functions of the AI device 900 . For example, the memory unit 930 may store data obtained from the input unit 940a, data obtained from the communication unit 910, output data from the learning processor unit 940c, and data obtained from the sensing unit 940. Also, the memory unit 930 may store control information and/or software codes required for operation/execution of the controller 920 .

The input unit 940a may acquire various types of data from the outside of the AI device 900 . For example, the input unit 920 may obtain learning data for model learning and input data to which the learning model is to be applied. The input unit 940a may include a camera, a microphone, and/or a user input unit. The output unit 940b may generate an output related to sight, hearing, or touch. The output unit 940b may include a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensing unit 940 may obtain at least one of internal information of the AI device 900, surrounding environment information of the AI device 900, and user information by using various sensors. The sensing unit 940 may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar. there is.

The learning processor unit 940c may learn a model composed of an artificial neural network using learning data. The running processor unit 940c may perform AI processing together with the running processor unit of the AI server (FIG. 1, 140). The learning processor unit 940c may process information received from an external device through the communication unit 910 and/or information stored in the memory unit 930 . In addition, the output value of the learning processor unit 940c may be transmitted to an external device through the communication unit 910 and/or stored in the memory unit 930.

Physical channels and general signal transmission

In a wireless access system, a terminal may receive information from a base station through downlink (DL) and transmit information to the base station through uplink (UL). Information transmitted and received between the base station and the terminal includes general data information and various control information, and there are various physical channels according to the type/use of the information transmitted and received by the base station and the terminal.

10 is a diagram illustrating physical channels applied to the present disclosure and a signal transmission method using them.

In the power-off state, the power is turned on again or the terminal newly entered the cell performs an initial cell search operation such as synchronizing with the base station in step S1011. To this end, the terminal may receive a primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) and a secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH) from the base station to synchronize with the base station and obtain information such as a cell ID. .

Thereafter, the terminal may obtain intra-cell broadcast information by receiving a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal from the base station. Meanwhile, the UE may check the downlink channel state by receiving a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in the initial cell search step. After completing the initial cell search, the UE receives a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a physical downlink control channel (PDSCH) according to the physical downlink control channel information in step S1012, Specific system information can be obtained.

Thereafter, the terminal may perform a random access procedure such as steps S1013 to S1016 in order to complete access to the base station. To this end, the UE transmits a preamble through a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S1013), and RAR for the preamble through a physical downlink control channel and a physical downlink shared channel corresponding thereto (S1013). random access response) may be received (S1014). The UE transmits a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) using scheduling information in the RAR (S1015), and performs a contention resolution procedure such as receiving a physical downlink control channel signal and a corresponding physical downlink shared channel signal (S1015). ) can be performed (S1016).

After performing the procedure as described above, the terminal receives a physical downlink control channel signal and/or a physical downlink shared channel signal as a general uplink/downlink signal transmission procedure (S1017) and physical uplink shared channel (physical uplink shared channel). channel, PUSCH) signal and/or physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) signal may be transmitted (S1018).

Control information transmitted from the terminal to the base station is collectively referred to as uplink control information (UCI). UCI is HARQ-ACK/NACK (hybrid automatic repeat and request acknowledgment/negative-ACK), SR (scheduling request), CQI (channel quality indication), PMI (precoding matrix indication), RI (rank indication), BI (beam indication) ) information, etc. In this case, UCI is generally transmitted periodically through PUCCH, but may be transmitted through PUSCH according to an embodiment (eg, when control information and traffic data are to be simultaneously transmitted). In addition, the UE may aperiodically transmit UCI through the PUSCH according to a request/instruction of the network.

11 is a diagram illustrating structures of a control plane and a user plane of a radio interface protocol applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 11 , Entity 1 may be a user equipment (UE). In this case, the terminal may be at least one of a wireless device, a portable device, a vehicle, a mobile device, an XR device, a robot, and an AI to which the present disclosure is applied in FIGS. 1 to 9 described above. In addition, a terminal refers to a device to which the present disclosure can be applied, and may not be limited to a specific device or device.

Entity 2 may be a base station. In this case, the base station may be at least one of eNB, gNB, and ng-eNB. Also, a base station may refer to a device that transmits a downlink signal to a terminal, and may not be limited to a specific type or device. That is, the base station may be implemented in various forms or types, and may not be limited to a specific form.

Entity 3 may be a network device or a device that performs a network function. In this case, the network device may be a core network node (eg, a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF), etc.) that manages mobility. Also, the network function may refer to a function implemented to perform the network function, and entity 3 may be a device to which the function is applied. That is, entity 3 may refer to a function or device that performs a network function, and is not limited to a specific type of device.

The control plane may refer to a path through which control messages used by a user equipment (UE) and a network to manage a call are transmitted. Also, the user plane may refer to a path through which data generated in the application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data, is transmitted. In this case, the physical layer, which is the first layer, may provide an information transfer service to an upper layer using a physical channel. The physical layer is connected to the upper medium access control layer through a transport channel. At this time, data may move between the medium access control layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Data may move between physical layers of a transmitting side and a receiving side through a physical channel. At this time, the physical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources.

A medium access control (MAC) layer of the second layer provides services to a radio link control (RLC) layer, which is an upper layer, through a logical channel. The RLC layer of the second layer may support reliable data transmission. The function of the RLC layer may be implemented as a function block inside the MAC. A packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the second layer may perform a header compression function that reduces unnecessary control information in order to efficiently transmit IP packets such as IPv4 or IPv6 in a narrow bandwidth air interface. . A radio resource control (RRC) layer located at the bottom of the third layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer may be in charge of control of logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers (RBs). An RB may refer to a service provided by the second layer for data transmission between a terminal and a network. To this end, the RRC layer of the terminal and the network may exchange RRC messages with each other. A non-access stratum (NAS) layer above the RRC layer may perform functions such as session management and mobility management. One cell constituting the base station may be set to one of various bandwidths to provide downlink or uplink transmission services to several terminals. Different cells may be configured to provide different bandwidths. Downlink transport channels for transmitting data from the network to the terminal include a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, a paging channel (PCH) for transmitting paging messages, and a shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. there is. Traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through a downlink SCH or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, uplink transport channels for transmitting data from a terminal to a network include a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting an initial control message and an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. Logical channels located above the transport channel and mapped to the transport channel include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and a multicast control channel (MTCH). traffic channels), etc.

12 is a diagram illustrating a method of processing a transmission signal applied to the present disclosure. For example, the transmitted signal may be processed by a signal processing circuit. In this case, the signal processing circuit 1200 may include a scrambler 1210, a modulator 1220, a layer mapper 1230, a precoder 1240, a resource mapper 1250, and a signal generator 1260. At this time, as an example, the operation/function of FIG. 12 may be performed by the processors 202a and 202b and/or the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 . Also, as an example, the hardware elements of FIG. 12 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b and/or the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 . As an example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b of FIG. 2 . Also, blocks 1210 to 1250 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b of FIG. 2 , and block 1260 may be implemented in the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 , and are not limited to the above-described embodiment.

The codeword may be converted into a radio signal through the signal processing circuit 1200 of FIG. 12 . Here, a codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. Information blocks may include transport blocks (eg, UL-SCH transport blocks, DL-SCH transport blocks). The radio signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (eg, PUSCH, PDSCH) of FIG. 10 . Specifically, the codeword may be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by the scrambler 1210. A scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of a wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence may be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by modulator 1220. The modulation method may include pi/2-binary phase shift keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM), and the like.

The complex modulation symbol sequence may be mapped to one or more transport layers by the layer mapper 1230. Modulation symbols of each transport layer may be mapped to corresponding antenna port(s) by the precoder 1240 (precoding). The output z of the precoder 1240 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper 1230 by the N×M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transport layers. Here, the precoder 1240 may perform precoding after performing transform precoding (eg, discrete fourier transform (DFT) transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Also, the precoder 1240 may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mapper 1250 may map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resource may include a plurality of symbols (eg, CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator 1260 generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to other devices through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator 1260 may include an inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, and the like. .

The signal processing process for the received signal in the wireless device may be configured in reverse to the signal processing process 1210 to 1260 of FIG. 12 . For example, a wireless device (eg, 200a and 200b of FIG. 2 ) may receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port/transceiver. The received radio signal may be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal may be restored to a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scramble process. The codeword may be restored to an original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource demapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

13 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame applicable to the present disclosure.

Uplink and downlink transmission based on the NR system may be based on the frame shown in FIG. 13. In this case, one radio frame has a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (half-frame, HF). One half-frame may be defined as five 1ms subframes (subframes, SFs). One subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe may depend on subcarrier spacing (SCS). In this case, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP is used, each slot may include 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot may include 12 symbols. Here, the symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (or DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

Table 1 shows the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to SCS when a normal CP is used, and Table 2 shows the number of slots according to SCS when an extended CSP is used. Indicates the number of symbols, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe.

0 14 10 One One 14 20 2 2 14 40 4 3 14 80 8 4 14 160 16 5 14 320 32

2 12 40 4

In Tables 1 and 2, N ^slot _symb represents the number of symbols in a slot, N ^{frame, μ} _slot represents the number of slots in a frame, and N ^{subframe, μ} _slot represents the number of slots in a subframe. .

In addition, in a system to which the present disclosure is applicable, OFDM(A) numerology (eg, SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently among a plurality of cells merged into one UE. Accordingly, (absolute time) intervals of time resources (e.g., SFs, slots, or TTIs) (for convenience, collectively referred to as time units (TUs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between merged cells.

NR may support multiple numerologies (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands, and when the SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency and a wider carrier bandwidth, and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth larger than 24.25 GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

The NR frequency band is defined as a frequency range of two types (FR1 and FR2). FR1 and FR2 can be configured as shown in the table below. Also, FR2 may mean millimeter wave (mmW).

Frequency range designation Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier Spacing FR1 410MHz - 7125MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250MHz - 52600MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

Also, as an example, the above-described numerology may be set differently in a communication system to which the present disclosure is applicable. For example, a Terahertz wave (THz) band may be used as a frequency band higher than the aforementioned FR2. In the THz band, the SCS may be set larger than that of the NR system, and the number of slots may be set differently, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment. The THz band will be described below.

14 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure applicable to the present disclosure.

One slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot includes 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols. A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of (eg, 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.

In addition, a bandwidth part (BWP) is defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (eg, SCS, CP length, etc.).

A carrier may include up to N (eg, 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through an activated BWP, and only one BWP can be activated for one terminal. Each element in the resource grid is referred to as a resource element (RE), and one complex symbol may be mapped.

6G communication system

6G (radio communications) systems are characterized by (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) battery- It aims to lower energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be four aspects such as "intelligent connectivity", "deep connectivity", "holographic connectivity", and "ubiquitous connectivity", and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements shown in Table 4 below. That is, Table 4 is a table showing the requirements of the 6G system.

Per device peak data rate 1 Tbps E2E latency 1ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps/Hz Mobility support up to 1000 km/hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully Autonomous vehicles Fully XR Fully Haptic Communication Fully

At this time, the 6G system is enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), mMTC (massive machine type communications), AI integrated communication, tactile Internet (tactile internet), high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion and improved data security ( can have key factors such as enhanced data security.

15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 15 , a 6G system is expected to have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than a 5G wireless communication system. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, is expected to become a more mainstream technology by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1 ms in 6G communications. At this time, the 6G system will have much better volume spectral efficiency, unlike the frequently used area spectral efficiency. 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technology for energy harvesting, so mobile devices in 6G systems may not need to be charged separately. In addition, new network characteristics in 6G may be as follows.

- Satellites integrated network: 6G is expected to be integrated with satellites to serve the global mobile population. Integration of terrestrial, satellite and public networks into one wireless communications system could be critical for 6G.

- Connected intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communications systems, 6G is revolutionary and will update the wireless evolution from “connected things” to “connected intelligence.” AI can be applied at each step of the communication procedure (or each procedure of signal processing to be described later).

- Seamless integration wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks will transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

- Ubiquitous super 3-dimemtion connectivity: Access to networks and core network capabilities of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will make super 3-D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

In the new network characteristics of 6G as above, some general requirements can be as follows.

- Small cell networks: The idea of small cell networks has been introduced to improve received signal quality resulting in improved throughput, energy efficiency and spectral efficiency in cellular systems. As a result, small cell networks are an essential feature of 5G and Beyond 5G (5GB) and beyond communication systems. Therefore, the 6G communication system also adopts the characteristics of the small cell network.

- Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important feature of 6G communication systems. Multi-tier networks composed of heterogeneous networks improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

- High-capacity backhaul: A backhaul connection is characterized by a high-capacity backhaul network to support high-capacity traffic. High-speed fiber and free space optical (FSO) systems may be possible solutions to this problem.

- Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based service) through communication is one of the features of 6G wireless communication systems. Thus, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

- Softwarization and virtualization: Softwarization and virtualization are two important features fundamental to the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability and programmability. In addition, billions of devices can be shared in a shared physical infrastructure.

Core implementation technology of 6G system

- Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The most important and newly introduced technology for the 6G system is AI. AI was not involved in the 4G system. 5G systems will support partial or very limited AI. However, the 6G system will be AI-enabled for full automation. Advances in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communication in 6G. Introducing AI in communications can simplify and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can use a plethora of analytics to determine how complex target tasks are performed. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays.

Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by using AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human and human-to-machine communications. In addition, AI can be a rapid communication in the brain computer interface (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with wireless communication systems, but these are focused on the application layer and network layer, especially deep learning, in wireless resource management and allocation. come. However, such research is gradually developing into the MAC layer and the physical layer, and in particular, attempts to combine deep learning with wireless transmission are appearing in the physical layer. AI-based physical layer transmission means applying a signal processing and communication mechanism based on an AI driver rather than a traditional communication framework in fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. For example, deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanism, It may include AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

Machine learning may be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and may be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, and the like in a downlink (DL) physical layer. Machine learning can also be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, and the like in a MIMO system.

However, the application of DNN for transmission in the physical layer may have the following problems.

AI algorithms based on deep learning require a lot of training data to optimize training parameters. However, due to limitations in acquiring data in a specific channel environment as training data, a lot of training data is used offline. This is because static training on training data in a specific channel environment may cause a contradiction between dynamic characteristics and diversity of a radio channel.

In addition, current deep learning mainly targets real signals. However, the signals of the physical layer of wireless communication are complex signals. In order to match the characteristics of a wireless communication signal, further research is needed on a neural network that detects a complex domain signal.

Hereinafter, machine learning will be described in more detail.

Machine learning refers to a set of actions that train a machine to create a machine that can do tasks that humans can or cannot do. Machine learning requires data and a running model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be largely classified into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

Neural network training is aimed at minimizing errors in the output. Neural network learning repeatedly inputs training data to the neural network, calculates the output of the neural network for the training data and the error of the target, and backpropagates the error of the neural network from the output layer of the neural network to the input layer in a direction to reduce the error. ) to update the weight of each node in the neural network.

Supervised learning uses training data in which correct answers are labeled in the learning data, and unsupervised learning may not have correct answers labeled in the learning data. That is, for example, learning data in the case of supervised learning related to data classification may be data in which each learning data is labeled with a category. Labeled training data is input to the neural network, and an error may be calculated by comparing the output (category) of the neural network and the label of the training data. The calculated error is back-propagated in a reverse direction (ie, from the output layer to the input layer) in the neural network, and the connection weight of each node of each layer of the neural network may be updated according to the back-propagation. The amount of change in the connection weight of each updated node may be determined according to a learning rate. The neural network's computation of input data and backpropagation of errors can constitute a learning cycle (epoch). The learning rate may be applied differently according to the number of iterations of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, a high learning rate is used in the early stages of neural network learning to increase efficiency by allowing the neural network to quickly achieve a certain level of performance, and a low learning rate can be used in the late stage to increase accuracy.

The learning method may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, in a case where the purpose of the receiver is to accurately predict data transmitted by the transmitter in a communication system, it is preferable to perform learning using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

The learning model corresponds to the human brain, and the most basic linear model can be considered. ) is called

The neural network cord used as a learning method is largely divided into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), and recurrent boltzmann machine (RNN). and this learning model can be applied.

Terahertz (THz) communication

THz communication can be applied in 6G systems. For example, the data transmission rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be done using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology.

16 is a diagram showing an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure. As an example, referring to FIG. 16 , THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally represent a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths in the range of 0.03 mm-3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (sub THz band) is considered a major part of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding to the sub-THz band mmWave band will increase 6G cellular communications capacity. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz-3 THz is in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. The 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the broad band, but is at the border of the wide band, just behind the RF band. Thus, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

The main characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beamwidth produced by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of the THz signal allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be incorporated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables advanced adaptive array technology to overcome range limitations.

optical wireless technology

Optical wireless communication (OWC) technology is envisioned for 6G communications in addition to RF-based communications for all possible device-to-access networks. These networks access network-to-backhaul/fronthaul network connections. OWC technology is already in use after the 4G communication system, but will be more widely used to meet the needs of the 6G communication system. OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and free space optical (FSO) communication based on a wide band are already well-known technologies. Communications based on optical wireless technology can provide very high data rates, low latency and secure communications. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can also be used for super-resolution 3D mapping in 6G communications based on broadband.

FSO backhaul network

The transmitter and receiver characteristics of an FSO system are similar to those of a fiber optic network. Thus, data transmission in FSO systems is similar to fiber optic systems. Therefore, FSO can be a good technology to provide backhaul connectivity in 6G systems along with fiber optic networks. With FSO, very long-distance communication is possible even at a distance of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports high-capacity backhaul connectivity for remote and non-remote locations such as ocean, space, underwater and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connectivity.

Massive MIMO technology

One of the key technologies to improve spectral efficiency is to apply MIMO technology. As MIMO technology improves, so does the spectral efficiency. Therefore, massive MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Since MIMO technology uses multiple paths, multiplexing technology and beam generation and operation technology suitable for the THz band must be considered as important so that data signals can be transmitted through more than one path.

block chain

Blockchain will be an important technology for managing large amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, where a distributed ledger is a database that is distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger. Blockchain is managed as a peer to peer (P2P) network. It can exist without being managed by a centralized authority or server. Data on a blockchain is collected together and organized into blocks. Blocks are linked together and protected using cryptography. Blockchain is the perfect complement to the IoT at scale with inherently improved interoperability, security, privacy, reliability and scalability. Thus, blockchain technology provides multiple capabilities such as interoperability between devices, traceability of large amounts of data, autonomous interaction of other IoT systems, and large-scale connection reliability in 6G communication systems.

3D Networking

The 6G system integrates terrestrial and air networks to support vertical expansion of user communications. 3D BS will be provided via low-orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding a new dimension in terms of height and related degrees of freedom makes 3D connections quite different from traditional 2D networks.

quantum communication

In the context of 6G networks, unsupervised reinforcement learning of networks is promising. Supervised learning approaches cannot label the vast amount of data generated by 6G. Labeling is not required in unsupervised learning. Thus, this technique can be used to autonomously build representations of complex networks. Combining reinforcement learning and unsupervised learning allows networks to operate in a truly autonomous way.

drone

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones will be an important element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity is provided using UAV technology. Base station entities are installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs have certain features not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as easy deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and degrees of freedom with controlled mobility. During emergencies, such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and cannot provide services in sometimes volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle this situation. UAVs will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates three basic requirements of a wireless network: eMBB, URLLC and mMTC. UAVs can also support multiple purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, accident monitoring, and more. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

Cell-free Communication

The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is critical for 6G systems. As a result, users can seamlessly move from one network to another without having to make any manual configuration on the device. The best network is automatically selected from available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communication. Currently, user movement from one cell to another causes too many handovers in high-density networks, resulting in handover failures, handover delays, data loss and ping-pong effects. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of this and provide better QoS. Cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-tier hybrid technologies and different heterogeneous radios of devices.

Integration of wireless information and energy transfer (WIET)

WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. In particular, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the lifetime of battery charging wireless systems. Thus, battery-less devices will be supported in 6G communications.

Integration of sensing and communication

Autonomous radio networks are capable of continuously sensing dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchanging information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communications to support autonomous systems.

Integration of access backhaul networks

In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network is connected by fiber and backhaul connections such as FSO networks. To cope with the very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between access and backhaul networks.

Holographic Beamforming

Beamforming is a signal processing procedure that adjusts an antenna array to transmit radio signals in a specific direction. A subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology has several advantages such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference avoidance and rejection, and high network efficiency. Hologram beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because it uses software-defined antennas. HBF will be a very effective approach for efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

big data analytics

Big data analysis is a complex process for analyzing various large data sets or big data. This process ensures complete data management by finding information such as hidden data, unknown correlations and customer preferences. Big data is collected from various sources such as videos, social networks, images and sensors. This technology is widely used to process massive data in 6G systems.

large intelligent surface (LIS)

In the case of THz band signals, there may be many shadow areas due to obstructions due to strong linearity. By installing LIS near these shadow areas, LIS technology that expands the communication area, strengthens communication stability, and provides additional additional services becomes important. An LIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials and can change the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. LIS can be seen as an extension of Massive MIMO, but has a different array structure and operating mechanism from Massive MIMO. In addition, the LIS is low in that it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, i.e. it only passively reflects signals without using an active RF chain. It has the advantage of having low power consumption. In addition, since each passive reflector of the LIS must independently adjust the phase shift of an incident signal, it may be advantageous for a wireless communication channel. By properly adjusting the phase shift through the LIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.

Terahertz (THz) wireless communication

17 is a diagram illustrating a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 17, THz wireless communication uses wireless communication using THz waves having a frequency of approximately 0.1 to 10 THz (1 THz = 1012 Hz), and a terahertz (THz) band radio using a very high carrier frequency of 100 GHz or more. can mean communication. THz waves are located between RF (Radio Frequency)/millimeter (mm) and infrared bands, and (i) transmit non-metal/non-polarizable materials better than visible light/infrared rays, and have a shorter wavelength than RF/millimeter waves and have high straightness. Beam focusing may be possible.

In addition, since the photon energy of the THz wave is only a few meV, it is harmless to the human body. A frequency band expected to be used for THz wireless communication may be a D-band (110 GHz to 170 GHz) or H-band (220 GHz to 325 GHz) band with low propagation loss due to molecular absorption in the air. Standardization discussions on THz wireless communication are being discussed centering on the IEEE 802.15 THz working group (WG) in addition to 3GPP, and standard documents issued by the IEEE 802.15 TG (task group) (e.g., TG3d, TG3e) are described in this specification. It can be specified or supplemented. THz wireless communication may be applied to wireless cognition, sensing, imaging, wireless communication, THz navigation, and the like.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 17 , a THz wireless communication scenario can be classified into a macro network, a micro network, and a nanoscale network. In macro networks, THz wireless communication can be applied to V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) connections and backhaul/fronthaul connections. In micro networks, THz wireless communication is applied to indoor small cells, fixed point-to-point or multi-point connections such as wireless connections in data centers, and near-field communication such as kiosk downloading. It can be. Table 5 below is a table showing an example of a technique that can be used in THz waves.

Transceivers Device Available immature: UTC-PD, RTD and SBD Modulation and coding Low order modulation techniques (OOK, QPSK), LDPC, Reed Soloman, Hamming, Polar, Turbo Antenna Omni and Directional, phased array with low number of antenna elements Bandwidth 69 GHz (or 23 GHz) at 300 GHz Channel models Partially Data rate 100 Gbps outdoor deployment No Fee space loss High Coverage Low Radio Measurements 300 GHz indoor Device size Few micrometers

18 is a diagram illustrating a THz wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 18, THz wireless communication can be classified based on a method for generating and receiving THz. The THz generation method can be classified as an optical device or an electronic device based technology.

At this time, the method of generating THz using an electronic device is a method using a semiconductor device such as a resonant tunneling diode (RTD), a method using a local oscillator and a multiplier, a method using a compound semiconductor HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) based There are a monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) method using an integrated circuit, a method using an integrated circuit based on Si-CMOS, and the like. In the case of FIG. 18, a doubler, tripler, or multiplier is applied to increase the frequency, and the radiation is emitted by the antenna after passing through the subharmonic mixer. Since the THz band forms high frequencies, a multiplier is essential. Here, the multiplier is a circuit that makes the output frequency N times greater than the input, matches the desired harmonic frequency, and filters out all other frequencies. In addition, beamforming may be implemented by applying an array antenna or the like to the antenna of FIG. 18 . In FIG. 18, IF denotes an intermediate frequency, a tripler and a multiplier denote a multiplier, PA denotes a power amplifier, and LNA denotes a low noise amplifier. ), PLL represents a phase-locked loop.

19 is a diagram illustrating a THz signal generation method applicable to the present disclosure. 20 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIGS. 19 and 20 , the optical device-based THz wireless communication technology refers to a method of generating and modulating a THz signal using an optical device. An optical element-based THz signal generation technology is a technology that generates an ultra-high speed optical signal using a laser and an optical modulator and converts it into a THz signal using an ultra-high speed photodetector. Compared to a technique using only an electronic device, this technique can easily increase the frequency, generate a high-power signal, and obtain a flat response characteristic in a wide frequency band. As shown in FIG. 19, a laser diode, a broadband light modulator, and a high-speed photodetector are required to generate a THz signal based on an optical device. In the case of FIG. 19 , a THz signal corresponding to a wavelength difference between the lasers is generated by multiplexing light signals of two lasers having different wavelengths. In FIG. 19, an optical coupler refers to a semiconductor device that transmits an electrical signal using light waves in order to provide electrical isolation and coupling between circuits or systems, and UTC-PD (uni-travelling carrier photo- The detector is one of the photodetectors, and is a device that uses electrons as active carriers and reduces the movement time of electrons through bandgap grading. UTC-PD is capable of photodetection above 150 GHz. In FIG. 20, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) represents an optical fiber amplifier to which erbium is added, a photo detector (PD) represents a semiconductor device capable of converting an optical signal into an electrical signal, and an OSA represents various optical communication functions (e.g. , photoelectric conversion, electrical optical conversion, etc.) represents an optical module (optical sub assembly) that is modularized into one component, and DSO represents a digital storage oscilloscope.

21 is a diagram illustrating a transmitter structure applicable to the present disclosure. 22 is a diagram showing a modulator structure applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIGS. 21 and 22 , in general, a phase of a signal may be changed by passing an optical source of a laser through an optical wave guide. At this time, data is loaded by changing electrical characteristics through a microwave contact or the like. Thus, the optical modulator output is formed into a modulated waveform. A photoelectric modulator (O/E converter) is an optical rectification operation by a nonlinear crystal, an O/E conversion by a photoconductive antenna, and a bundle of electrons in light flux. THz pulses can be generated according to emission from relativistic electrons, etc. A THz pulse generated in the above manner may have a unit length of femto second to pico second. An O/E converter uses non-linearity of a device to perform down conversion.

Considering the THz spectrum usage, it is necessary to use several contiguous GHz bands for fixed or mobile service for terahertz systems. more likely to use According to outdoor scenario criteria, available bandwidth may be classified based on oxygen attenuation of 10^2 dB/km in a spectrum up to 1 THz. Accordingly, a framework in which the available bandwidth is composed of several band chunks may be considered. As an example of the framework, if the length of a THz pulse for one carrier is set to 50 ps, the bandwidth (BW) becomes about 20 GHz.

Effective down conversion from the infrared band to the THz band depends on how to utilize the nonlinearity of the O/E converter. That is, in order to down-convert to the desired terahertz band (THz band), the photoelectric converter (O / E converter) having the most ideal non-linearity to move to the corresponding terahertz band (THz band) design is required. If an O/E converter that does not fit the target frequency band is used, there is a high possibility that an error will occur with respect to the amplitude and phase of the corresponding pulse.

A terahertz transmission/reception system may be implemented using one photoelectric converter in a single carrier system. Depending on the channel environment, as many photoelectric converters as the number of carriers may be required in a multi-carrier system. In particular, in the case of a multi-carrier system using several broadbands according to a plan related to the above-mentioned spectrum use, the phenomenon will be conspicuous. In this regard, a frame structure for the multi-carrier system may be considered. A signal down-frequency converted based on the photoelectric converter may be transmitted in a specific resource region (eg, a specific frame). The frequency domain of the specific resource domain may include a plurality of chunks. Each chunk may consist of at least one component carrier (CC).

Specific embodiments of the present disclosure

The present disclosure relates to encoding and decoding of data in a wireless communication system, and to a technique for reducing overhead due to redundancy bits. Specifically, the present disclosure describes various embodiments for dividing and encoding data into blocks of a given unit.

The technique described below is for transmitting a signal by encoding a transport block, and can be used to reduce the error rate and overhead of transport block transmission in Tera-bps communication. Specifically, the present disclosure describes embodiments for providing benefits in terms of transmission resources and transmission delay by applying an outer coding technique to lower the error rate and retransmission rate at the transport block level.

23 is a diagram showing the structure of a transmitter using a low density parity check (LDPC) code. Referring to FIG. 23, the transmitter includes a code block divider 2312, a CRC attachment unit 2314, an LDPC encoder 2316, and a rate matching unit 2318 , a code block concatenation unit 2320, a modulator 2322, a layer mapping unit 2324, and an OFDM modulator 2326.

The code block division unit 2312 divides the transport block into code blocks, the CRC attachment unit 2314 attaches a CRC to each of the divided code blocks, and the LDPC coding unit 2316 divides the CRC based on the LDPC code. You can encode attached code blocks. The rate matching unit 2318 performs rate matching on each of the encoded code blocks, and the code block concatenation unit 2320 may concatenate the code blocks. Then, the modulator 2322 generates modulation symbols from the code blocks according to the constellation, the layer mapping unit 2324 maps the generated modulation symbols to a plurality of layers, and the OFDM modulator 2326 ) may OFDM-modulate the mapped modulation symbols.

The structure shown in FIG. 23 is applicable to transmitters other than the NR standard. According to the NR standard, the maximum data rate is defined to be able to support 20 Gbps/10 Gbps for downlink and uplink, respectively. When high throughput is to be provided in NR, the size of a transport block included in a slot increases. In this case, if the transport block is divided into code block units, one transport block may be divided into a large number of code blocks. According to the current NR standard, when a transmission error in code block units occurs, in order to increase retransmission efficiency, a transmitter performs retransmission in units of CBG (code-block group). By retransmitting data in units of code block groups, the transmitter can increase retransmission efficiency compared to the case of retransmitting the entire transport block. According to the current NR standard specification, a transmitter can transmit up to 8 code block groups.

However, when the transport block is divided into code block groups, if the number of code blocks included in one code block group increases, the error probability of the code block group can greatly increase. Accordingly, the retransmission rate of the code block group may increase and the overall throughput may decrease. Specifically, the error rate of a code block and the error rate of a code block group show a relationship as shown in [Equation 1] below.

In [Equation 1], BLER _CBG is the block error rate (BLER) of the code block group, CB_BLRE _l is the BLER of the lth code block of the code block group, and N is the number of code blocks included in one code block group means number.

Referring to [Equation 1], CBG-BLER increases exponentially with the number of code blocks included in the code block group. 24 shows this as a graph.

24 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the number of code blocks included in a code block group and block error rate (BLER) performance of the code block group. 24 shows an error rate per code block group according to the number of code blocks per code block group when the error rate of the code block is 0.001. Referring to FIG. 24, when the number of code blocks per code block group reaches 100, the error rate increases 100 times.

In a communication system supporting 960KHz subcarrier space (SCS), a device that secures a transmission efficiency of 0.75 and occupies 90% of the bandwidth supported by the 5G communication network uses the 256QAM method through four MIMO layers. In the case of transmitting a symbol modulated with , according to [Equation 2], the size of a transport block to be transmitted by the device may be 1,376,256 bits. Here, the length of one slot is 15.625us, and one slot may include 14 symbols.

In [Equation 2], N _bits means the number of transmittable bits, N _RE means the number of allocated REs (resource elements), M means the modulation order, and L means the number of layers.

If the size of the code block is 1024 bits, the transport block may be divided into 1344 code blocks. If a device can transmit up to 8 code block groups, a code block group may contain 168 CBs. Accordingly, the error rate of the code block group may increase.

This disclosure proposes a method of lowering the error rate at the transport block level when the number of code blocks in the transport block is large. To this end, the transmitter may apply an additional outer block coding technique. And, in order to increase the error correction rate of block coding, the receiver may apply erasure decoding using an inner coding syndrome or CB-CRC.

Here, the syndrome is a result of the parity check and represents whether or not there is an error in the codeword. The result of the syndrome check has a length equal to the number of parities. For example, if the number of parity bits is M, syndrome check results of length M are generated, and if the value of the M syndrome check results is '0', this means that there is no error in the codeword. If an error exists, based on the syndrome check results, the location of the error and the value of the error can be calculated, and the error can be corrected. That is, in some cases, the syndrome check may replace the CRC check.

According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an apparatus may reduce a transport block level error rate by using outer coding. The device can lower the retransmission rate by lowering the error of the transport block level or the code block level, and secure gains in terms of transmission resources and transmission delay.

And, this disclosure proposes a method that can be combined with transport block level transmission in retransmission even if an outer coding technique is applied. Accordingly, when retransmitting data, the device may combine the initially transmitted data with the retransmitted data and transmit the data.

The device may receive a transport block to which a CRC is attached. The device may divide the transport block into code block groups. According to one embodiment, the device may attach a CRC to each of the code block groups. On the other hand, according to another embodiment, the transmitter may not attach a CRC to each of the code block groups. The device may divide each of the code block groups into code block units for performing LDPC encoding. The apparatus may generate outer parity by performing outer coding on a code block group divided into code block units using an R/C interleaver (row/column interleaver). For example, a device performing outer coding may use the RS coding technique. The device may inner code code block groups and outer parities on a per code block basis. For example, a device that performs inner coding may use LDPC codes.

25 is a diagram showing the structure of a transmitter applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 25, the transmitter includes an outer code block segmentation unit 2512, a CRC attachment unit 2514, and an inner code block segmentation unit 2516. ), an outer encoder 2518, an inner encoder 2520, and a rate matching unit 2522.

The outer code block divider 2512 divides the transport block into a plurality of outer code blocks. A transport block divided by the outer code block divider 2512 may be a transport block including a CRC. The split outer code blocks are provided to the CRC attaching section 2514.

The CRC attachment unit 2514 may attach a CRC to each of a plurality of outer code blocks. The CRC attaching unit 2514 may transfer the plurality of outer code blocks to which the CRC is attached to the inner code block dividing unit 2516. However, according to another embodiment, the CRC attaching unit 2514 may be omitted.

The inner code block divider 2516 may divide each of the plurality of outer code blocks into a plurality of inner code blocks. The inner code block dividing unit 2516 may transfer the plurality of inner code blocks divided from the outer code block to the outer coding unit 2518.

The outer coding unit 2518 outer-codes a plurality of outer code blocks. According to an embodiment, the outer coding unit 2518 may rearrange bits included in a plurality of inner code blocks to form information bits for outer coding and outer code the information bits. Through this, the outer coding unit 2518 may generate parity bits of each of the plurality of outer code blocks. Here, additional inner code blocks (eg, parity blocks) are formed based on the parity bits. For example, the outer coding unit 2518 may perform outer coding based on a reed-solmon (RS) code.

The inner coding unit 2520 inner codes a plurality of inner code blocks. For example, the inner coding unit 3420 may perform inner coding based on LDPC codes. The inner coder 2520 may transfer the inner coded plurality of inner code blocks to the rate matcher 2522.

The rate matching unit 2522 performs rate matching on a plurality of inner code blocks. In other words, the rate matching unit 2522 adjusts the size and code rate of a plurality of inner code blocks that are inner coded (eg, LDPC code-based inner coding). For example, the rate matching unit 2522 may perform at least one operation among pruning, puncturing, and shortening on at least some of the bits obtained through encoding.

26 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for transmitting data in a device applicable to the present disclosure. 26 illustrates an operating method of a device including a transmitter (eg, the transmitter of FIG. 25). In the following description, the operating subject of FIG. 26 is referred to as a 'device', but may be referred to as a transmitter, a transmitter, a transmitter, or other terms having equivalent technical meaning.

Referring to FIG. 26, in step S2601, the device divides the transport block into a plurality of outer code blocks. The device may divide the transport block into outer code blocks, which are units for performing outer coding. Here, the transport block includes data (eg, PDU) provided from a higher layer. In this case, prior to dividing the transport block, the device may attach a CRC (eg, TB-CRC) to the transport block and divide a bit stream including the CRC. In this case, at least one outer coding block may include at least a part of the CRC attached to the transport block.

In step S2603, the device divides each of the outer code blocks into first type inner code blocks. The device may divide each outer code block into inner code blocks that are units for performing inner coding. Accordingly, a plurality of first-class internal code blocks are generated.

In step S2605, the device generates second type inner code blocks by performing outer coding. Specifically, the device generates codewords corresponding to the outer code blocks by performing outer coding on the first type inner code blocks generated from the outer code blocks. Here, information bits for generating one codeword are extracted from a plurality of first-class inner code blocks. By outer coding, parity bits for outer code blocks are generated, and inner code blocks of the second kind are generated from parity bits generated by outer coding. That is, the second-class inner code blocks include parity bits of the outer code blocks. For example, the device may perform outer coding based on the RS code.

In step S2607, the device performs inner coding on the type 1 inner code blocks and the type 2 inner code blocks. For example, the device may perform inner coding based on LDPC codes. In this case, the device may perform inner coding on the inner code blocks without attaching a CRC to the inner code blocks.

In step S2609, the device may transmit inner coded code blocks. The device generates modulation symbols from code blocks according to a constellation, maps the generated modulation symbols to resources, and transmits the modulation symbols through at least one transmit antenna.

In the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 26, the device generates inner code blocks by dividing outer code blocks. At this time, CRC is not attached to the outer code block. However, according to another embodiment, the device may attach a CRC to each of a plurality of outer code blocks divided from the transport block. Accordingly, it is possible to detect errors for each outer code block in the receiver. In this case, the device may generate second inner code blocks by dividing each of the outer code blocks including the CRC into first inner code blocks and outer coding the first inner code blocks.

27 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for receiving data in a device applicable to the present disclosure. 27 illustrates an operating method of a device including a receiver corresponding to a transmitter (eg, the transmitter of FIG. 25). In the following description, the operating subject of FIG. 27 is referred to as a 'device', but may be referred to as a receiving end, a receiving device, a receiver, or other terms having equivalent technical meaning.

Referring to FIG. 27 , in step S2701, the device receives a signal. A device receives signals through at least one antenna. The received signal may include outer coded and inner coded data.

In step S2703, the device detects first type inner code blocks and second type inner code blocks by performing inner decoding. The apparatus may detect first inner code blocks and second inner code blocks by detecting modulation symbols in the received signal and performing inner decoding on the modulation symbols. For example, the device may perform inner decoding based on the LDPC code.

In step S2705, the device detects the outer code blocks by performing outer decoding on the type 1 inner code blocks and the type 2 inner code blocks. Each of the codewords corresponding to the outer code blocks includes bits selected from the plurality of code blocks. Accordingly, the apparatus may generate codewords by rearranging bits included in the first type inner code blocks and the second type inner code blocks, and perform outer decoding on the codewords.

In step S2707, the device restores the transport block based on the outer code blocks. That is, the device may generate a transport block by concatenating outer code blocks. If the reconstructed transport block is a transport block including a CRC, the device may perform a CRC check on the transport block.

In the embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 26 and 27 , the inner code blocks are divided into first type inner code blocks and second type inner code blocks. Here, the first type inner code blocks and the second type inner code blocks may not be treated differently in inner coding, and the first type inner code blocks and the second type inner code blocks depend on their relationship with outer coding. it is classified Specifically, the first type inner code blocks include information bits in terms of outer coding, and the second type inner code blocks include parity bits in terms of outer coding. Therefore, the first type inner code blocks may be referred to as 'inner code blocks based on information bits' or other terms having an equivalent technical meaning, and the second type inner code blocks may be referred to as 'inner code blocks based on parity bits'. ' or other terms having an equivalent technical meaning.

As in the above-described embodiments, outer coding/decoding and inner coding/decoding may be performed. To this end, a data block (eg transport block) is divided into outer coding blocks, and each of the outer coding blocks is further divided into inner coding blocks. Accordingly, the error rate at the transport block level may be lowered, and the retransmission rate may also be lowered. As a result, gains can be made on resources and latency. Hereinafter, the present disclosure may refer to an outer coding block as an 'outer block group' or a term having an equivalent technical meaning. In addition, the present disclosure may refer to an inner coding block as a 'code block (CB)' or a term having an equivalent technical meaning.

28 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a transport block externally coded by a device applicable to the present disclosure. 28 illustrates a transport block that is outer coded by a device including a transmitter (eg, the transmitter of FIG. 25).

Referring to FIG. 28 , by attaching a TB-CRC 2814 to a transport block 2812, a data block 2810 including the transport block 2812 and the TB-CRC 2814 is formed. The data block 2810 is divided into a plurality of OBGs 2820. Each of the OBGs 2820 includes a data block 2822 divided from data block 2810 and an OBG-CRC 2824. Also, each of the OBGs 2820 is divided into a plurality of code blocks 2830. Thereafter, outer coding is performed on the plurality of code blocks 2830, and thus outer coded code blocks 2840 are generated. The outer coded code blocks 2840 include first code blocks 2842 split from OBGs 2820 and second code blocks 2844 including parity bits generated by outer coding.

At this time, the size of the transport block (TB size, TBS) and the size of the outer code block, which is a unit for performing outer coding, can be calculated as in [Equation 3] below.

In [Equation 3], N' _info is the number of information bits included in the inner code block, K _max is the maximum size of inner information included in the inner code block, and 2 ⁿ is the granularity ( granularity), N _info is the number of bits that can be transmitted through the allocated resource, N _RE is the number of allocated REs, v is the number of layers, Q is the modulation order, R is the code rate, OV is generated by external coding The sum of the size of the parity and the size of the CRC for the outer code block, O _n is the number of outer code blocks, M is the size of the parity block for the outer code block, O _CRC is the size of the CRC attached to the outer code block, TBS Is the size of the transport block, OBS _tmp is the first intermediate variable for calculating the outer code block size, OBS is the size of the outer code block, m is the size of the Galois field for the outer code, C is the outer code block Means a second intermediate variable for size calculation.

Referring to [Equation 3], when the device determines the size of the transport block, the size of the parity block generated as a result of outer coding and the size of the CRC to be attached to each of the outer code blocks are considered. Accordingly, the size of the transport block may be determined to be as similar as possible to available resources. If the size of the parity block and the CRC to be attached to each of the outer code blocks are not considered in determining the transport block size, available resources may be insufficient and the code rate may increase after a rate matching operation. For simplicity of calculation, OV in [Equation 3] can be regarded as 0. The device compensates for OV in the process of performing rate matching.

When dividing and coding a transport block as shown in FIG. 28, the transmitter can reduce overhead due to CRC by not attaching a CRC to each of the code blocks.

28, when the size of the CRC attached to the code block is 16 and the size of the CRC attached to the outer code block is 24, according to the conventional method, the overhead due to the CRC is 16×1344 = 21,504 bits. However, according to the method of the present disclosure, the CRC overhead may be 24×8 = 192 bits. In this case, in order to detect an error in units of code blocks, the receiver cannot use CB-CRC, but instead uses an internal code syndrome or a parity check method.

29 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of a transport block externally coded by a device applicable to the present disclosure. 29 illustrates a transport block that is outer-coded by a device including a transmitter (eg, the transmitter of FIG. 25).

Referring to FIG. 29 , by attaching a TB-CRC 2914 to a transport block 2912, a data block 2910 including the transport block 2912 and the TB-CRC 2914 is formed. The data block 2910 is divided into a plurality of OBGs 2920. Each of OBGs 2920 includes a data block 2922 that is divided from data block 2910. That is, unlike the example of FIG. 28 , each of the OBGs 2920 does not include an OBG-CRC. Also, each of the OBGs 2920 is divided into a plurality of code blocks 2930. Thereafter, outer coding is performed on the plurality of code blocks 2930, and thus outer coded code blocks 2940 are generated. The outer coded code blocks 2940 include first code blocks 2942 split from OBGs 2920 and second code blocks 2944 including parity bits generated by outer coding.

At this time, the size of the transport block (TB size, TBS) and the size of the outer code block, which is a unit for performing outer coding, can be calculated as in [Equation 4] below.

In [Equation 4], N' _info is the number of information bits included in the inner code block, K _max is the maximum size of inner information included in the inner code block, and 2 ⁿ is the granularity ( granularity), N _info is the number of bits that can be transmitted through the allocated resource, N _RE is the number of allocated REs, v is the number of layers, Q is the modulation order, R is the code rate, OV is generated by external coding The sum of the size of the parity and the size of the CRC for the outer code block, O _n is the number of outer code blocks, M is the size of the parity block for the outer code block, O _CRC is the size of the CRC attached to the outer code block, TBS is the size of the transport block, OBS _tmp is an intermediate variable for calculating the outer code block size, OBS is the size of the outer code block, m is the size of the Galois field for the outer code, C is the inner per outer code block Indicates the number of code blocks.

In [Equation 4], OV may be regarded as 0 for simplification of calculation. The device compensates for OV in the process of performing rate matching.

When dividing and coding a transport block as shown in FIG. 29, the device can reduce overhead due to the CB-CRC by removing the CB-CRC. In this case, the receiving device cannot use CB-CRC to detect an error in units of code blocks, but instead can use an internal code syndrome or a parity check result.

If the OBG-CRC is not included as shown in FIG. 29, a combination between outer code block level transmission and transport block level transmission can be supported. In this case, the receiving device may use the syndrome of the outer code to determine whether decoding of the outer code block level is successful.

As in the embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 28 and 29, a transport block is divided into a plurality of outer code blocks (eg, OBGs). The sizes of the plurality of outer code blocks may be the same as each other. For example, the size of the outer code blocks may be calculated according to [Equation 4] or [Equation 5]. Also, a plurality of outer code blocks may be formed to include the same number of inner code blocks (eg, code blocks). Also, if necessary, a CRC may be attached to an external code block.

Then, code block segmentation is performed to divide the outer code blocks into inner code blocks. To this end, the transmitter determines the information size K _info of the inner code block. For example, the size of an inner code block may be a size suitable for performing inner coding. More specifically, the size of the inner code block may be calculated based on the size of the outer code block calculated according to [Equation 4] or [Equation 5] (eg, K _info = OBS/C).

Then, outer coding is performed. Outer coding is performed on outer code blocks. At this time, information bits for outer coding are extracted from bits in a plurality of inner code blocks. For example, information bits for outer coding may be selected as shown in FIG. 30A. 30A is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of external coding performed by a device applicable to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 30A , C code blocks 3010-1 to 3010-C are formed from one external code block (eg, OBG). The C code blocks 3010-1 to 3010-C are used as information bits of an outer code, and parity blocks 3020-1 to 3020-M are generated through outer coding.

In performing outer coding, information bits for one codeword are extracted from C code blocks 3010-1 to 3010-C. For example, C bits are extracted by one bit from each of the C code blocks 3010-1 to 3010-C, and the extracted C bits are externally coded to obtain C information bits and M parity A codeword comprising bits may be generated. According to an embodiment for this purpose, the device writes the code blocks 3010-1 to 3010-C row-by-row, and writes the code blocks 3010-1 to 3010-C written row-by-row. C) is externally coded column-by-column. Accordingly, parity blocks 3020-1 to 3020-M including parity bits are generated. Then, the device reads the code blocks 3010-1 to 3010-C and the parity blocks 3020-1 to 3020-M row-by-row. Accordingly, bits extracted from the plurality of code blocks 3010-1 to 3010-C are included in one outer code codeword.

Then, inner coding may be performed as shown in FIG. 30B. 30B is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of inner coding performed by a device applicable to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 30B, inner coding is performed for each of the code blocks. By inner coding, parities 3032-1 to 3032-C corresponding to each of the code blocks containing the information part of the outer code codeword and corresponding to each of the code blocks containing the parity part of the outer code codeword parities 3034-1 to 3032-M are generated.

The receiver receiving the outer-coded and inner-coded data performs outer decoding after inner decoding. In this case, when the number of erasures is less than or equal to the number M of parity bits, the receiver performs erasure decoding. On the other hand, when the number of erasers is greater than the number M of parity bits, the receiver performs normal decoding. This is because there is no guarantee that an error has occurred at the location of the erasure.

As in the above-described embodiments, the transmitter may perform outer coding and the receiver may perform outer decoding. When outer coding is performed, parity bits generated by outer coding form at least one inner code block (eg, second inner code block, parity block). Accordingly, at least one inner code block including parity bits is transmitted. However, inner code blocks formed from parity bits may not be transmitted according to a given condition. In other words, according to circumstances, parity bits generated by outer coding may be excluded from the packet. Hereinafter, operations of a transmitter and a receiver considering whether or not parity bits are included will be described. Hereinafter, in the present disclosure, a method of transmitting a packet including parity bits generated by outer coding is 'outer code block level transmission' or 'OBG-level transmission', which does not include parity bits generated by outer coding. A method of transmitting packets may be referred to as 'transport block level transmission'.

31 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for transmitting data in consideration of a transmission level in a device applicable to the present disclosure. 31 illustrates a method of operating a device including a transmitter. In the following description, the operating subject of FIG. 31 is referred to as a 'device', but may be referred to as a receiving end, a receiving device, a receiver, or other terms having equivalent technical meaning.

Referring to FIG. 31 , in step S3101, the device determines the transmission level. Here, the transmission level is related to whether parity bits generated by outer coding are transmitted. The device may determine the transport level of the packet being initially transmitted or retransmitted. At this time, even in case of retransmission, a transmission level different from that of the initial transmission may be selected. For example, the device may determine the transport level based on the number of inner code blocks included in one transport block.

If the transport level is the transport block level, in step S3103, the device transmits a packet excluding the parity generated by outer coding. For example, the device may not perform outer coding or may exclude parity bits even if outer coding is performed. That is, the packet to be transmitted includes a result of inner coding information bits of an outer code block, and the information bits may include a CRC.

If the transport level is the outer code block level, in step S3105, the device transmits a packet including parity generated by outer coding. For example, after performing outer coding, the device includes parity bits in the packet. That is, the packet to be transmitted includes a result of inner coding the information bits and parity bits of the outer code block, and the information bits may include a CRC.

32 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for receiving data in consideration of a transmission level in a device applicable to the present disclosure. 32 illustrates a method of operating a device including a receiver. In the following description, the operating subject of FIG. 32 is referred to as a 'device', but may be referred to as a receiving end, a receiving device, a receiver, or other terms having equivalent technical meaning.

Referring to FIG. 32 , in step S3201, the device receives a packet. The device may check scheduling information and receive packets according to the scheduling information. In this case, the scheduling information may be determined by the device or signaled from the other device.

In step S3203, the device checks whether the received packet is a retransmitted packet. Whether it is a retransmitted packet can be checked based on scheduling information related to the packet. Accordingly, the device can distinguish between a retransmitted packet and an initially transmitted packet by checking an indicator related to initial transmission included in scheduling information. If the received packet is not a retransmitted packet, that is, an initially transmitted packet, since combining is not required, the device proceeds to step S3211.

On the other hand, if the received packet is a retransmitted packet, in step S3205, it is checked whether the transmission level of the initial transmission and the retransmission are the same. A transport level may be identified based on scheduling information. Therefore, the device can check whether the transport levels are the same by checking the transport level information included in the initial transmission or the previous retransmission scheduling information and the transport level information included in the current retransmission scheduling information.

If the transmission levels of the initial transmission and the retransmission are not the same, in step S3207, the device combines the packets except for the parity of the outer coding. The fact that the transport levels are not the same means that at least one of the initial transmission and the retransmission is performed at the transport block level and the rest at the outer code block level. In this case, both the initially transmitted packet and the retransmitted packet do not include parity by outer coding. Therefore, since the parity part does not have an object to be combined, the device can combine only the information bit part except the parity part.

If the transmission levels of initial transmission and retransmission are the same, in step S3209, the device combines all packets. The same transport level means that both the initial transmission and the retransmission are performed at the transport block level or the outer code block level. In this case, both the initially transmitted packet and the retransmitted packet may or may not include parity by outer coding. Thus, the device can combine all of the packets without excluding some of them. If both the initial transmission and retransmission are performed at the outer code block level, the device can combine the information bit part as well as the parity part.

In step S3211, the device decodes the packet and transmits ACK/NACK. The device performs at least one of inner decoding and outer decoding, and determines whether decoding is successful through a CRC check. Depending on whether decoding is successful, the device may transmit ACK or NACK. In this case, even if combining of parity parts is not performed, if there is a parity part received by one of initial transmission and retransmission, the device may perform external decoding based on the parity part. That is, the device may determine whether decoding is successful based on soft-combined information bits and uncombined parity bits, and generate ACK/NACK.

As described with reference to FIG. 32, a combining operation may vary according to a transmission level applied to initial transmission and retransmission. Specifically, the range of combining may vary according to the transmission level applied to initial transmission and retransmission. Bits in the inner code block, that is, information bits of the outer code block, can be soft-combined even if the transport levels are different, but the parity of the outer coding can be selectively combined. An example of a case where combining for parity is excluded is illustrated in FIG. 33 below.

33 is a diagram illustrating an example of combining packets according to different transmission modes in a device applicable to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 33, an initial transport packet is performed at a transport block level, and accordingly, the initial transport packet includes data and a CRC 3312. The retransmission packet is performed at the outer code block level, so the retransmission packet includes data and CRC 3322 and parity 3324. Upon receiving the uncombined parity and retransmission packets, the receiver generates the combined data and CRC 3332 based on the data and CRC 3312 and the data and CRC 3322, and then generates the combined data and CRC 3332 and parity 3324 may be decoded.

According to the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 32, the device may transmit ACK/NACK. To this end, the device determines whether a packet has an error and generates ACK/NACK. At this time, the receiver's operation for generating ACK/NACK may vary according to the transmission level.

When the transport block level is applied, the receiver can determine whether the transport block is erroneous using the transport block CRC. When the outer code block level is applied, the receiver can determine whether or not an error exists in units of outer code blocks and generate ACK/NACK. Some embodiments of determining an error in units of outer code blocks are described below.

According to an embodiment, ACK/NACK may be generated using a receiver outer code block CRC (eg, OBG-CRC). That is, the device generates an ACK if the outer code block CRC is satisfied or a NACK otherwise.

According to another embodiment, the receiver may generate ACK/NACK based on checking an outer code syndrome.

Prior to checking the syndrome of the outer code, the receiver performs the syndrome check of each of the inner codes, and the number of inner codes indicating that the syndrome check result is erroneous is the number of parity bits of the outer coding (hereinafter referred to as 'M'). ) can be compared with As a result of the comparison, if the number of inner code syndrome errors is less than or equal to M, the receiver may generate an ACK. In this case, external code can correct all errors. As a result of comparison, if the number of inner code syndrome errors is greater than M, the receiver uses an outer code syndrome check, and generates an ACK if the syndrome is satisfied (eg, the syndrome check result is 0) or a NACK otherwise.

In some cases, when transmitting at the outer code block level, the number of allocated ACK/NACK bits may be less than the number of outer code blocks. For example, for a plurality of outer code blocks, only one ACK/NACK bit of feedback may be allowed. For example, when the base station has insufficient resources or when it is determined that the NACK probability is very small, fewer ACK/NACK bits than the number of outer code blocks may be allocated. Here, whether or not the available resources are sufficient may be determined based on the number of terminals accessing the base station, the available resource rate per TTI observed during a certain period, and the like. Determination that the NACK probability is very small may be determined based on channel quality, a recent ACK generation rate, and the like.

According to an embodiment, ACK/NACK of a plurality of outer code blocks may be jointed. For example, they can be combined by logical operations (eg, AND, OR, XOR) for ACK/NACK. That is, multiplexing or bundling of ACK/NACK bits may be performed. Alternatively, according to another embodiment, although transmission is at the outer code block level, the receiver performs error checking in units of transport blocks using the transport block CRC instead of ACK/NACK in units of outer code blocks, and unit of transport blocks ACK/NACK can be transmitted with

34 is a diagram showing another structure of a transmitter in a device applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 34, the transmitter includes an inner code block divider 3402, an outer code block divider 3404, an outer code block 3406, a CRC attacher 3408, an inner code block 3410, and a rate matching unit. (3412).

The inner code block divider 3402 may divide the transport block into a plurality of inner code blocks. A transport block divided by the inner code block divider 3402 may be a transport block including a CRC.

The outer code block division unit 3402 forms a plurality of outer code blocks by grouping inner code blocks. In this case, when the number of inner code blocks is an integer multiple of the number of outer code blocks, each of the outer code blocks includes the same number of inner code blocks. However, when the number of inner code blocks is not an integer multiple of the number of outer code blocks, at least some outer code blocks may include different numbers of inner code blocks. In this case, outer code blocks may be formed such that a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the numbers of inner code blocks per outer code block is minimized.

The outer coding unit 3406 outer codes a plurality of outer code blocks. According to an embodiment, the outer coding unit 3406 may form information bits for outer coding by rearranging bits included in a plurality of inner code blocks and perform outer coding on the information bits. Through this, the outer coding unit 3406 may generate parity bits of each of the plurality of outer code blocks. Here, additional inner code blocks (eg, parity blocks) are formed based on the parity bits. For example, the outer coding unit 3406 may perform outer coding based on a reed-solmon (RS) code.

The CRC attachment unit 3408 may attach a CRC to each of a plurality of inner code blocks. The CRC attaching unit 3408 may transfer the plurality of inner code blocks to which the CRC is attached to the inner coding unit 3410.

The inner coding unit 3420 inner codes a plurality of inner code blocks. For example, the inner coding unit 3420 may perform inner coding based on LDPC codes.

The rate matching unit 3422 performs rate matching on a plurality of inner code blocks. In other words, the rate matching unit 3422 adjusts the size and code rate of a plurality of inner code blocks that are inner coded (eg, LDPC code-based inner coding). For example, the rate matching unit 3422 may perform at least one operation among pruning, puncturing, and shortening on at least some of the bits obtained through encoding.

According to the structure shown in FIG. 34, inner code blocks are first formed before outer code blocks. In this case, the transport block size can be calculated as in [Equation 5] below.

In [Equation 5], N' _info is the number of information bits included in the inner code block, K _max is the maximum size of inner information included in the inner code block, and N _info is the allocated resource. The number of bits that can be transmitted through, N _RE is the number of allocated REs, v is the number of layers, Q is the modulation order, R is the code rate, OV is the size of parity generated by outer coding and the CRC for the outer code block O _CRC is the size of the CRC attached to the outer code block, O _n is the number of outer code blocks, M is the size of the parity block for the outer code block, TBS is the size of the transport block, OBS _tmp is the outer An intermediate variable for calculating the code block size, OBS is the size of the outer code block, m is the size of the Galois field for the outer code, and C is the number of inner code blocks per outer code block.

When the total number of inner code blocks in the transport block and the total number of outer code blocks in the transport block are determined, it can be determined how many inner code blocks are included in each outer code block. In this case, when the total number of inner code blocks is not an integer multiple of the total number of outer code blocks, the number of inner code blocks per possible outer code block may be variously determined as shown in [Equation 6].

In [Equation 6], L _q1 and L _q2 are the number of inner code blocks per possible outer code block, O _n is the number of outer code blocks, C is the number of inner code blocks, L _a is L _q1 inner code blocks It means the number of external code blocks that contain .

According to [Equation 6], some of the outer code blocks (eg, L _a ) include a larger number of inner code blocks than the rest. In this case, some external code blocks may be arranged as shown in FIG. 35 below. 35 is a diagram illustrating partitioning examples of an outer coding block in a device applicable to the present disclosure. 35 shows two cases (e.g., CB#1 to CB#10) grouped into 3 outer code blocks (e.g., OBG#1, OBG#2, and OBG#3). 3510, 3520) are exemplified. Referring to FIG. 35, since the number of inner code blocks is 10 and is not an integer multiple of the number of outer code blocks, the number of inner code blocks per outer code block is 3 or 4. In the first case 3510, CB#1 to CB#4 of the previous stage form an outer code block of size 4, and the remaining CB#5 to CB#10 are grouped by 3 to form outer code blocks of size 3 . In the second case 3520, CB#1 to CB#6 of the previous stage form outer code blocks of size 3, and the remaining CB#7 to CB#10 form outer code blocks of size 4.

As shown in FIG. 35, equal or similar performance can be secured for each outer code block by distributing the inner code blocks to the outer code blocks as nearly equally as possible.

As described above, the transmitter performing channel coding can calculate the size of the transport block and the outer code block. The previously exemplified equations are expressed by dividing the case where CRC exists and the case where parity exists, but a more generalized expression is as follows.

If the number of bits that can be transmitted through the allocated resources is greater than the difference between the maximum size of information included in the inner code block and the CRC length of the inner code block (N _info >K _max -C _crc ), the transport block size and The outer code block size can be calculated as in [Equation 7] below.

In [Equation 7], N' _info is the number of information bits included in the inner code block, K _max is the maximum size of inner information included in the inner code block, and f() is the ceiling ), a flooring or rounding function, N _info is the number of bits that can be transmitted through the allocated resource, T _crc is the size of the CRC attached to the transport block, and OV is the parity generated by outer coding. The sum of the size and the size of the CRC for the outer code block, N _RE is the number of allocated REs, v is the number of layers, Q is the modulation order, R is the code rate, _On is the number of outer code blocks, M is the outer code The size of the parity block for the block, O _CRC is the size of the CRC attached to the outer code block, δ is a variable related to granularity (eg 5), TBS is the size of the transport block, OBS _tmp is the outer code block The first intermediate variable for size calculation, OBS, is the size of the outer code block, m is the size of the Galois field for the outer code, and C is the number of inner code blocks per outer code block.

[Equation 7] can be used even when the CRC of the inner code block, the CRC of the outer code block, and the parity of the outer code block do not exist. That is, in [Equation 7], C _crc is 0 if the CRC of the inner code block does not exist, O _crc is 0 if the CRC of the outer code block does not exist, and M is 0 if the parity of the outer code block does not exist. can be set to

On the other hand, if the number of bits that can be transmitted through the allocated resources is less than or equal to the difference between the maximum size of information included in the inner code block and the CRC length of the inner code block (N _info ≤K _max -C _crc ), the transport block The size and outer code block size can be calculated as in [Equation 8] or [Equation 9] below. [Equation 8] below is an example of adopting some of the contents defined in the 5G NR standard, and [Equation 9] below shows the range of available resources (e.g., the number of bits that can be transmitted through the allocated resource) This is an example of adopting a method of determining granularity from N _info or the number of information bits N' _info included in the inner code block.

In [Equation 8], N' _info is the number of information bits included in the inner code block, K _min is the minimum size of inner information included in the inner code block, and f() is the ceiling ), a flooring or rounding function, N _info is the number of bits that can be transmitted through the allocated resource, T _crc is the size of the CRC attached to the transport block, N _RE is the number of allocated REs, v is the number of layers, Q is a modulation order, and R is a code rate. Here, TBS may be set to a minimum value among values greater than N' _info among values included in a table defining TBS values (eg, Table 5.1.3.2-1 or Table 5.1.3.2-2 of 3GPP TS 38.214).

In [Equation 9], N _info is the number of bits that can be transmitted through the allocated resource, N _RE is the number of allocated REs, v is the number of layers, Q is the modulation order, R is the code rate, T _crc is transmission The size of the CRC attached to the block, _N'info is the number of information bits included in the inner code block, N1 is the first threshold (eg 250), N2 is the second threshold (eg 512), TBS is the number of information bits included in the transport block The size, K _min , is the minimum size of information included in the inner code block (minimum of inner information size), and 2 ⁿ means granularity.

36 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for control signaling and data transmission between a base station and a terminal applicable to the present disclosure. 36 illustrates a case of performing downlink data transmission, in which a base station operates as a transmitter and a terminal operates as a receiver.

Referring to FIG. 36, in step S3601, the base station transmits RRC configuration information to the terminal. RRC configuration information may include configuration information for controlling operations related to channel coding. For example, the control information may include information related to outer coding. Specifically, information related to outer coding may be related to whether outer coding is applied, a code for outer coding, the size or number of outer code blocks, and the like.

In step S3603, the base station transmits downlink control information (DCI) to the terminal. The base station determines a downlink assignment for transmitting downlink data and transmits a DCI for conveying the downlink assignment. In this case, the DCI may include information related to external coding.

In step S3605, the base station transmits a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). The base station may perform outer coding based on RRC configuration information and information related to outer coding included in DCI, and transmit outer coded data.

In step S3607, the terminal transmits ACK/NACK to the base station. The terminal may perform decoding on the received data, determine whether or not there is an error, and transmit an ACK or NACK indicating the result of the determination.

As shown in FIG. 36, after control signaling, data may be transmitted. In this case, information related to outer coding transmitted through control signaling may include at least one of the items listed in [Table 6] below.

designation explanation Indicator of whether external coding is used -External code block grouping setup/release (setup/release) OBGFI (outer code block group flushing out information or outer code block group flushing out indicator) -How to combine retransmitted packets with soft-buffer/HARQ
*'1': combinable, '0': corrupted
* If OBG and CBG do not coexist in the THz band, OBGFI may reuse the existing CBGFI. External parity size M -Example #1) Signaling the size of M directly (Example: M = 6, 8, 12, 16)
-Example #2) Define the size of M as a table, and tlmrsjf the index (e.g. M = 4,8,12,16, as signaling 2-bit information, mapped to 0,1,2,3) RS coding unit m - m can be predefined.
- If m=1, BCH code is used as an external code. Number of external code blocks O _n ACK/NACK bit allocation required according to the value of -On.
-Example #1) Directly signaling the On value (eg: 4,8,12,16)
-Example #2) Define the value of On as a table and signal the index (eg On = 4,8,12,16, as signaling 2-bit information, mapped to 0,1,2,3)

The names and descriptions of the items listed in [Table 6] are exemplary, and control information may be defined with other names and descriptions within the equivalent technical scope.

The aforementioned control information may be delivered by an RRC message, MAC control element (CE), or DCI. If the outer coding settings are set semi-statically in the RRC layer, constraints may occur in determining the transport block size. That is, there may be a large difference between actually available resources and resources estimated from signaling. Therefore, it is desirable that the number of outer code blocks be dynamically set according to actually available resources. If DCI is used, dynamic configuration becomes possible.

As in the above-described embodiment, the number of outer code blocks O _n may be indicated through signaling. At this time, if the number of inner code blocks per outer code block (eg, the number of CBs per OBG) determined based on the number of signaled outer code blocks is too small (eg, below a threshold value), in other words, the size of the information part of the outer code If is too small, external coding may become inefficient. In this case, even if the number of outer code blocks is reduced, it may be more effective to increase the number of inner code blocks per outer code block. Accordingly, in this case, considering the efficiency of outer coding, the size of the outer code block and the number of inner code blocks per outer code block may be determined by the procedure shown in FIG. 37 below.

37 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for determining channel coding-related variables in a device applicable to the present disclosure. 37 illustrates an operating method of a device including a transmitter (eg, the transmitter of FIG. 25). In the following description, the operating subject of FIG. 37 is referred to as a 'device', but may be referred to as a transmitter, a transmitter, a transmitter, or other terms having equivalent technical meaning.

Referring to FIG. 37 , in step S3701, the device determines the number of information bits N' _info included in the inner code block. The device may determine _N'info based on the number of bits N _info that can be transmitted through the allocated resource. For example, the device may determine _N'info according to [Equation 7]. In this case, the initial value init_O _n of the number of external code blocks, O _n , may be set to a predefined value or a signaled value. Also, when this step is performed for the first time, the repetition count value iter is initialized to 0.

In step S3703, the device calculates the transport block size TBS, the outer code block size OBS, and the number C of inner code blocks per outer code block. The values calculated in this step are temporary values that are not definite, and may change according to the progress of this procedure. For example, the device may calculate TBS, OBS, and C according to [Equation 7].

In step S3705, the device checks whether the number of external code blocks O _n is greater than 1. If O _n is greater than 1, in step S3707, the device compares the minimum value C _min of the number of inner code blocks per outer code block with C calculated in step S3703. If C _min is greater than C, in step S3709, the device decreases O _n by 1 and increases the iteration number value iter by 1. Subsequently, in step S3711, the device sets the value of _On according to the current value of iter, and performs steps S3701 and S3703 again using the set value of On _n . Specifically, _On is set to the initial value init_O _n if the iter value is 0, and is set to the value calculated in step S3709 if the iter value is not 0.

If C _min is less than or equal to C in step S3707, in step S3713, the device determines the transport block size TBS, the outer code block size OBS, and the number C of inner code blocks per outer code block. In other words, the device determines the current TBS value, OBS value, and C value as the final TBS, OBS, and C values.

If O _n is less than or equal to 1 in step S3705, in step S3713, the device determines the block size TBS, the outer code block size OBS, and the number C of inner code blocks per outer code block. In this case, unlike the case where C _min is determined to be less than or equal to C in step S3707, TBS, OBS, and C may be determined such that the parity length of the outer code is a minimum value or may be determined not to perform outer coding. That is, if step S3713 is performed because _On is determined to be less than or equal to 1 in step S3705, the device either does not perform external coding (ie, _On = 1, M = 0), or has a minimum parity length. (Example: 1). External coding can be performed.

It is obvious that examples of the proposed schemes described above may also be included as one of the implementation methods of the present disclosure, and thus may be regarded as a kind of proposed schemes. In addition, the above-described proposed schemes may be implemented independently, but may also be implemented in a combination (or merged) form of some proposed schemes. Information on whether the proposed methods are applied (or information on the rules of the proposed methods) may be defined so that the base station informs the terminal through a predefined signal (eg, a physical layer signal or a higher layer signal). .

The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the technical ideas and essential characteristics described in the present disclosure. Accordingly, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in all respects and should be considered illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all changes within the equivalent range of the present disclosure are included in the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the claims may be combined to form an embodiment or may be included as new claims by amendment after filing.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various wireless access systems. As an example of various wireless access systems, there is a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) or 3GPP2 system.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied not only to the various wireless access systems, but also to all technical fields to which the various wireless access systems are applied. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied to mmWave and THz communication systems using ultra-high frequency bands.

Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various applications such as free-running vehicles and drones.

Claims (15)

In a method of operating a first device in a wireless communication system,
generating a transport block;
generating a plurality of outer code blocks from the transport block;
dividing one of the outer code blocks into inner code blocks based on a plurality of information bits;
generating a first parity bit set by performing outer coding on a first bit string including first bits of each of the information bit-based inner code blocks;
generating a second parity bit set by performing outer coding on a second bit stream including second bits of each of the information bit-based inner code blocks;
generating a plurality of parity bit-based internal code blocks including at least one bit of a first parity bit set and at least one bit of a second parity bit set;
performing inner coding on the information bit-based inner code blocks and the parity bit-based inner code blocks; and
and transmitting the inner coded inner code blocks to a second device. The method of claim 1,
The outer code blocks include bits divided in the transport block and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits for the outer code block. The method of claim 1,
The outer coding is performed based on a reed-solmon (RS) code. The method of claim 1,
The inner coding is performed based on a low density parity check (LDPC) code. The method of claim 1,
Calculating a size of the transport block based on at least one of a size of parity bits generated by the outer coding and a CRC attached to the outer code block. The method of claim 1,
determining a transmission level;
If the transport level is a transport block level, transmitting a packet excluding parity bits generated by the outer coding; and
and if the transport level is an outer code block level, transmitting a packet including parity bits generated by the outer coding. The method of claim 1,
If the number of inner code blocks formed from the transport block is not an integer multiple of the number of outer code blocks included in the transport block, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the number of inner code blocks per outer code block is minimized. How outer code blocks are formed. The method of claim 1,
Further comprising the step of transmitting control information related to the outer coding to the second device;
The control information related to the outer coding is related to at least one of whether outer coding is applied, a code for outer coding, and the size or number of outer code blocks. In the method of operating a second device in a wireless communication system,
Receiving a signal including outer coded and inner coded data from a first device;
detecting information bit-based inner code blocks and parity bit-based inner code blocks by performing inner decoding corresponding to the inner coding on the data;
Among the information bit-based inner code blocks and the parity bit-based inner code blocks
Detecting first bits of outer code blocks by performing outer decoding on a first bit string including first bits of each of inner code blocks belonging to the same outer code block;
detecting second bits of outer code blocks by performing outer decoding on a second bit string including second bits of each of inner code blocks belonging to the same outer code block;
and recovering a transport block based on the outer code blocks. The method of claim 9,
Generating an acknowledgment/negative-ACK (ACK/NACK) of each of the outer code blocks using cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits included in the outer code blocks. The method of claim 9,
The method further comprising generating an ACK/NACK of each of the outer code blocks based on a syndrome of the outer code blocks. The method of claim 9,
The method further comprising generating an ACK/NACK of each of the outer code blocks based on syndromes of inner code blocks included in the outer code blocks. The method of claim 9,
Generating ACK/NACK information for the outer code blocks with a number of bits smaller than the number of outer code blocks. The method of claim 9,
The method further comprising combining the initially transmitted packet and the retransmitted packet, excluding parity bits, when the transmission levels applied to the initial transmission and the retransmission are different from each other. The method of claim 9,
Further comprising receiving control information related to the outer coding from the first device,
The control information related to the outer coding is related to at least one of whether outer coding is applied, a code for outer coding, and the size or number of outer code blocks.

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